246 lines
28 KiB
XML
246 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="7E4E00DC04619E0F1C2FC24578DDE39F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.158809" ID-GBIF-Dataset="da530082-fdc7-4227-9218-c7b6397b6a81" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="158809" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461032402290" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Francini, Ronaldo Bastos, Freitas, André Victor Lucci & Penz, Carla" docDate="2004" docId="03E787CBFFDBED68FE82CDF880B1FD29" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00719.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 719" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Actinote eberti Francini, Freitas & Penz, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FFDEFFB3FFDAED6CFF8ACB6C8123FFB7" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Actinote (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) from Southeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698573743803" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="8D2C4D47E053C950545C1378A6AE15B4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8077D6B0C9D0743F6BF84EF150BF5E63">
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<mods:title id="D7A712535FFE944D7A7D88D683CA4A22">Two new species of Actinote (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) from Southeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D3D2A06F3FF72D6A0C3F1248B8F8F87C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="01C724229F2C96420C6611F13FCB0D2F">Francini, Ronaldo Bastos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="77D5F1E8634563394EE3BD92B5E10315">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F04F7327952C0FBA418653721B500C48">Freitas, André Victor Lucci</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D6D69E57038071D066CC2D7E876261E1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9823400B0F62A5848AEBE75D03A9D8A2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BDBD28504D23BB9C8582C554E0EA2FF5">Penz, Carla</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="18FF0D0CF95E312A162D3FED08F9370B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="ECEEAF70E8E832FB053759A04AA55C20">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="DC062C7AEABF503D794BA46D1DEA53E3">
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<mods:date id="5CD65BC33C4344E41E6FF77D719784C4">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="98FC165B7B694BE7DFDA54ACF318A391" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CB89DA60227EAA0F8DC06FAAE122CA25">719</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="516C3D24128D0E1FB88990556FB3D3E1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="568EE9744D54FE8EB10E044467FD1F6B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.158809</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E787CBFFDBED68FE82CDF880B1FD29" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6272957" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119608310" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6272957" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E787CBFFDBED68FE82CDF880B1FD29" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787CBFFDBED68FE82CDF880B1FD29" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C3546556FFDBED6DFE82CDF882E1F919" box="[264,962,1684,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF136DDFFDBED6DFE82CDF882E1F919" blockId="1.[264,962,1684,1710]" box="[264,962,1684,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D0B981B1FFDBED6DFE82CDF882E1F919" bold="true" box="[264,962,1684,1710]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFDBED6DFE82CDF882E1F919" bold="true" box="[264,962,1684,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D5EFFDBED6DFE82CDF883D4F919" authority="Francini, Freitas & Penz" authorityName="Francini, Freitas & Penz" box="[264,759,1684,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Actinote" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eberti" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFDBED6DFE82CDF8809BF919" bold="true" box="[264,440,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Actinote eberti</emphasis>
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Francini, Freitas & Penz
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957B4FFDBED6DFC89CDF88242F919" box="[771,865,1684,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13752A58FFDBED6DFCFBCDF88294F919" box="[881,951,1684,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[271,1319,729,1730]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[266,1321,729,1732]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. eberti; A, two males showing variation in wing size; B, holotype, dorsal view; C, holotype, ventral view; D, female, dorsal view; E – H, male genitalia (E, F, H, DZ 2969; G, DZ 3805); E, ventral view; F, dorsal view; G, 8 th sternum (posterior edge up); H, lateral view; sa = saccus, va = valva, ae = aedeagus, un = uncus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169500/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3546556FFDBED6EFE82CDB283AAFDC1" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF136DDFFDBED6EFE82CDB2837EFE31" blockId="1.[264,1323,1758,1905]" lastBlockId="2.[264,1326,284,630]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFDBED6DFE82CDB28323F94F" bold="true" box="[264,512,1758,1784]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<typeStatus id="54F5887FFFDBED6DFE82CDB28075F94F" box="[264,342,1758,1784]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE18FFDBED6DFE82CDB28075F94F" box="[264,342,1758,1784]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">TYPE</collectionCode>
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</typeStatus>
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MATERIAL
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</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54F5887FFFDBED6DFD94CDB383B3F94E" box="[542,656,1759,1785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: Adult male (
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<figureCitation id="13752A58FFDBED6DFCB3CDB382A3F94E" box="[825,896,1759,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[271,1319,729,1730]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[266,1321,729,1732]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. eberti; A, two males showing variation in wing size; B, holotype, dorsal view; C, holotype, ventral view; D, female, dorsal view; E – H, male genitalia (E, F, H, DZ 2969; G, DZ 3805); E, ventral view; F, dorsal view; G, 8 th sternum (posterior edge up); H, lateral view; sa = saccus, va = valva, ae = aedeagus, un = uncus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169500/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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B, C), Parque Nacional do Itatiaia,
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<quantity id="4CB69B38FFDBED6DFE82CC6B804BF896" box="[264,360,1799,1825]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
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, Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern
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<collectingCountry id="F359764DFFDBED6DFCCFCC6B82ACF896" box="[837,911,1799,1825]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, Heinz Ebert,
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<date id="FFF0101DFFDBED6DFBCCCC6B8404F896" box="[1094,1319,1799,1825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1962-11-05">5 November 1962</date>
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. Deposited in the collection of the Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná,
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<collectingCountry id="F359764DFFDBED6DFDBFCC3B835EF8C6" box="[565,637,1879,1905]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(collection reference number: DZ 3807).
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<typeStatus id="54F5887FFFDBED6DFBF8CC3B85FCF8C6" box="[1138,1247,1879,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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labels (three labels, separated by transverse bars): Coleção H. Ebert / 421
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<typeStatus id="54F5887FFFD8ED6EFBABCA7085A5FE81" box="[1057,1158,284,310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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(hand written in red by H. Ebert) / Serra do Itatiaia, (R. J.), Süd – Seite,
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<quantity id="4CB69B38FFD8ED6EFC51CA2885A3FEE9" box="[987,1152,324,350]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="1100.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000–1200 m</quantity>
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(crossed out),
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<quantity id="4CB69B38FFD8ED6EFE82CA00807FFE31" box="[264,348,364,390]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFF0101DFFD8ED6EFEE2CA0080C5FE31" box="[360,486,364,390]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1962-11-05">5XI1962</date>
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, H. Ebert.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF136DDFFD8ED6EFEB2CAF883AAFDC1" blockId="2.[264,1326,284,630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<typeStatus id="54F5887FFFD8ED6EFEB2CAF88089FE19" box="[312,426,404,430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: Seven adult males (collection reference numbers: DZ 2969 (genitalia prepared by R. B. Francini in 1989), 3805, 3806, 3809, 3810, 3811, 3812) and one adult female (DZ 3813), same data as
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<typeStatus id="54F5887FFFD8ED6EFD12CA888221FE49" box="[664,770,484,510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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. One male,
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<quantity id="4CB69B38FFD8ED6EFC2BCA888523FE49" box="[929,1024,484,510]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
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, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo, Southeastern
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<collectingCountry id="F359764DFFD8ED6EFE70C9608366FD91" box="[506,581,524,550]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, Gagarin leg.
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<date id="FFF0101DFFD8ED6EFD60C960829EFD91" box="[746,957,524,550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1927-12-02">2 December 1927</date>
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(DZ 3808). All
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<typeStatus id="54F5887FFFD8ED6EFB05C96085DCFD91" box="[1167,1279,524,550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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are in the collection of the Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná,
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<collectingCountry id="F359764DFFD8ED6EFE5FC930833EFDC1" box="[469,541,604,630]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED5FAE18FFD8ED6EFDA6C930835FFDC1" box="[556,636,604,630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">UFPC</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF316655FFD8ED6EFE82CDB283F6F8D8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169500/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[271,1319,729,1730]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BF136DDFFD8ED6EFE82CDB283F6F8D8" blockId="2.[264,1323,1758,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD8ED6EFE82CDB280A8F941" bold="true" box="[264,395,1758,1782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D5EFFD8ED6EFE19CDB380D3F941" box="[403,496,1759,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Actinote" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eberti">
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD8ED6EFE19CDB380D3F941" box="[403,496,1759,1782]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. eberti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD8ED6EFD8DCDB28338F941" bold="true" box="[519,539,1758,1782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A</emphasis>
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, two males showing variation in wing size;
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD8ED6EFC73CDB28528F941" bold="true" box="[1017,1035,1758,1782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">B</emphasis>
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, holotype, dorsal view;
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD8ED6EFA9BCDB28407F941" bold="true" box="[1297,1316,1758,1782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C</emphasis>
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, holotype, ventral view;
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD8ED6EFD85CC688301F8AB" bold="true" box="[527,546,1796,1820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">D</emphasis>
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, female, dorsal view;
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD8ED6EFC91CC688273F8AB" bold="true" box="[795,848,1796,1820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E–H</emphasis>
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, male genitalia (
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD8ED6EFB86CC688544F8AB" bold="true" box="[1036,1127,1796,1820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E, F, H,</emphasis>
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DZ 2969;
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD8ED6EFB6FCC6885D4F8AB" bold="true" box="[1253,1271,1796,1820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G</emphasis>
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, DZ 3805);
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD8ED6EFEDECC5C8045F8FF" bold="true" box="[340,358,1840,1864]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E</emphasis>
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, ventral view;
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD8ED6EFD8FCC5C8330F8FF" bold="true" box="[517,531,1840,1864]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">F</emphasis>
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, dorsal view;
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD8ED6EFD20CC5C839FF8FF" bold="true" box="[682,700,1840,1864]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G</emphasis>
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, 8th sternum (posterior edge up);
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD8ED6EFBABCC5C8515F8FF" bold="true" box="[1057,1078,1840,1864]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">H</emphasis>
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, lateral view; sa = saccus, va = valva, ae = aedeagus, un = uncus.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3546556FFD9ED6FFEB2CA778058FDC1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF136DDFFD9ED6FFEB2CA778058FDC1" blockId="3.[264,1324,283,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD9ED6FFEB2CA778093FE82" bold="true" box="[312,432,283,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. The wing color and pattern are intermediate between the darker
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D5EFFD9ED6FFB48CA708051FEE9" authority="Oberthur" authorityName="Oberthur" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Actinote" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morio">
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD9ED6FFB48CA7085F7FE82" box="[1218,1236,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD9ED6FFB6ECA708409FE82" box="[1252,1322,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">morio</emphasis>
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Oberthür
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD9ED6FFE24CA2880D7FEEA" box="[430,500,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">zikani</emphasis>
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D’Almeida (iridescentblack mimicry group;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B2CFFD9ED6FFB91CA2885E1FEE9" author="Francini" box="[1051,1218,324,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="9" refString="Francini, R. B. (1989) Biologia e ecologia das borboletas Actinote (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Acraeinae) do sudeste do Brasil. M. S. Thesis. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. 236 pp." type="book" year="1989">Francini 1989</bibRefCitation>
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) and the more colorful
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D5EFFD9ED6FFE38CA0083FDFE31" authority="Oberthur" authorityName="Oberthur" box="[434,734,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Actinote" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanisans">
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD9ED6FFE38CA0080E7FE32" box="[434,452,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A</emphasis>
|
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.
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD9ED6FFE5ECA00837BFE32" box="[468,600,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">melanisans</emphasis>
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(Oberthür)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD9ED6FFC93CA008259FE32" box="[793,890,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">rhodope</emphasis>
|
||
D’Almeida (among other species in the blackyellow mimicry group). The wings have a greasy aspect, and the forewing is translucent, with colored areas faint but noticeable. The hindwing black margin is broad. Males can be easily distinguished from other species by the dorsoventrally bowed valva, broad tegumen, and small, anteriorly pointed juxta. Based on available specimens, female wings seem slightly darker than those of males. The sphragis is vertically attached to abdomen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546556FFD9ED6FFEB2C9E882EFF93D" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136DDFFD9ED6FFEB2C9E885B5FB35" blockId="3.[264,1324,283,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD9ED6FFEB2C9E8833CFD29" bold="true" box="[312,543,644,670]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description. Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13752A58FFD9ED6FFDBBC9E8835BFD29" box="[561,632,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[271,1319,729,1730]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[266,1321,729,1732]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. eberti; A, two males showing variation in wing size; B, holotype, dorsal view; C, holotype, ventral view; D, female, dorsal view; E – H, male genitalia (E, F, H, DZ 2969; G, DZ 3805); E, ventral view; F, dorsal view; G, 8 th sternum (posterior edge up); H, lateral view; sa = saccus, va = valva, ae = aedeagus, un = uncus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169500/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, A, B, dorsal; C, ventral; E–H, genitalia). Antenna black, extending to midcosta. Forewing narrow and elongated, length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B38FFD9ED6FFB8CC9C085A6FD71" box="[1030,1157,684,710]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="27.0">27–31 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean = 28.8 mm, SD = 1.79, n=5); hindwing rounded, about twothirds the length of forewing. Body dark brown, abdomen ventrally covered by cream scales. Forewing background color black, basal region translucent as a result of lower scale density. Discal cell with two dirty white markings, basal stripe thin and reaching about half the length of discal cell, distal spot broad and reaching end of discal cell. Cell Cu2 with a whitish sheen for nearly its entire extension. A distal transverse yellow stripe (about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B38FFD9ED6FFC44C8F38510FC0E" box="[974,1075,927,953]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide) crosses distal third of wing, from R1 to Cu1. Hindwing not translucent. Background black, central area covered by cream yellowish scales. Dark margin broad, extended from coastal to anal areas, not evident on ventral surface. A “v” shaped mark crossing the medial area between the margin and discal cell in some individuals. Scales in humeral area yellowish cream. Ventral surface of wings with the same pattern but lighter than dorsal surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136DDFFD9ED6FFEB2CFFC80A2FA5D" blockId="3.[264,1324,283,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13752A58FFD9ED6FFE71CFFC8365FB1D" box="[507,582,1168,1194]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[271,1319,729,1730]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[266,1321,729,1732]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. eberti; A, two males showing variation in wing size; B, holotype, dorsal view; C, holotype, ventral view; D, female, dorsal view; E – H, male genitalia (E, F, H, DZ 2969; G, DZ 3805); E, ventral view; F, dorsal view; G, 8 th sternum (posterior edge up); H, lateral view; sa = saccus, va = valva, ae = aedeagus, un = uncus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169500/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E–H). Valvae elongate, length five times the width of the median portion; broader at base; in ventral view, there with slight constriction at about onethird of valva length; bowed dorsoventrally; apex with a short point. In dorsal view, basal portion of uncus wide, abruptly narrowing, ending in a point. Tegumen long and broad, trapezeshaped. Gnathos absent. In ventral view, saccus shaped as an isosceles triangle, about half the length of the genitalic capsule. Aedeagus shorter than the length of genitalic capsule, ending in a sharp point, in lateral view slightly bowed ventrally. Juxta with an anterior point; narrow, about onefourth the width of the base of one valva (in ventral view).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136DDFFD9ED6FFEB2CE9482EFF93D" blockId="3.[264,1324,283,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13752A58FFD9ED6FFE15CE9480C1F9A5" box="[415,482,1528,1554]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[271,1319,729,1730]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[266,1321,729,1732]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. eberti; A, two males showing variation in wing size; B, holotype, dorsal view; C, holotype, ventral view; D, female, dorsal view; E – H, male genitalia (E, F, H, DZ 2969; G, DZ 3805); E, ventral view; F, dorsal view; G, 8 th sternum (posterior edge up); H, lateral view; sa = saccus, va = valva, ae = aedeagus, un = uncus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169500/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D). General color and pattern similar to that of males. Sphragis vertically attached to the abdomen resulting in a conspicuous protuberance. We did not dissect the genitalia of the single female available. Studies in progress (R. B. Francini
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD9ED6FFB5DCD24806DF93E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">unpublished</emphasis>
|
||
and M. Paluch
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD9ED6FFD8DCD1C8342F93E" box="[519,609,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">in prep.</emphasis>
|
||
) will provide this information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546556FFD9ED6FFEB2CDF483CFF8E5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136DDFFD9ED6FFEB2CDF483CFF8E5" blockId="3.[264,1324,283,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFD9ED6FFEB2CDF483E3F905" bold="true" box="[312,704,1688,1714]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution and flight period.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on the ten individuals known, the species occurs in Itatiaia and Campos do Jordão, and the flight period appears to be November and December. Because Itatiaia and Campos do Jordão are part of a continuous mountain range, this species is likely to occur in adjacent sites to the north or south of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F5887FFFD9ED6FFB24CC7C85C3F89D" box="[1198,1248,1808,1834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (e.g., Piquete and Queluz, São Paulo).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546556FFDEED68FEB2CA7783D1FE31" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136DDFFDEED68FEB2CA7783D1FE31" blockId="4.[264,1324,283,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFDEED68FEB2CA7780E7FE82" bold="true" box="[312,452,283,309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is dedicated to Dr. Heinz Ebert (
|
||
<date id="FFF0101DFFDEED68FC56CA708546FE81" box="[988,1125,284,310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1907" valueMax="1982">1907–1982</date>
|
||
), a geologist and indefatigable field entomologist who contributed greatly to our knowledge of systematics and biogeography of Brazilian butterflies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546556FFDEED68FEB2CAFF80B1FD29" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136DDFFDEED68FEB2CAFF80B1FD29" blockId="4.[264,1324,283,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFDEED68FEB2CAFF80BFFE1A" bold="true" box="[312,412,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
The early stages and host plant are unknown, but based on known records for other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D5EFFDEED68FEC7CAD0808CFE62" box="[333,431,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Actinote" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFDEED68FEC7CAD0808CFE62" box="[333,431,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Actinote</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from the Brazilian
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359764DFFDEED68FD72CAD08217FE61" box="[760,820,444,470]" name="Malta" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Atlântica (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B2CFFDEED68FC32CAD08541FE61" author="Francini" box="[952,1122,444,470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" refString="Francini, R. B. (1989) Biologia e ecologia das borboletas Actinote (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Acraeinae) do sudeste do Brasil. M. S. Thesis. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. 236 pp." type="book" year="1989">Francini 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B2CFFDEED68FBFACAD0858DFE61" author="Francini" box="[1136,1198,444,470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" refString="Francini, R. B. (1992) Ecologia das taxocenoses de Actinote (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) em Asteraceae (Angiosperma: Magnoliatae) no Sudeste do Brasil: subsidios para conservacao. Ph. D. Dissertation. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. 194 pp." type="book" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B2CFFDEED68FB31CAD0808CFE49" author="Brown" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" refString="Brown, K. S. Jr. & Francini, R. B. (1990) Evolutionary strategies of chemical defense in aposematic butterflies: cyanogenesis in Asteraceae-feeding American Acraeinae. Chemoecology, 1, 52 - 56." type="journal article" year="1990">Brown & Francini 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B2CFFDEED68FE36CA888372FE49" author="Brown" box="[444,593,484,510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" refString="Brown, K. S. Jr. (1992) Borboletas da Serra do Japi: Diversidade, habitats, recursos alimentares e variacao temporal. In: Morellato, L. P. C. (Ed.), Historia natural da Serra do Japi. Ecologia e preservacao de uma area florestal no sudeste do Brasil. Campinas, Editora da Unicamp / Fapesp, pp. 142 - 187, 18 figs." type="journal volume" year="1992">Brown 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B2CFFDEED68FDD4CA888246FE49" author="Penz" box="[606,869,484,510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" refString="Penz, C. M. & Francini, R. B. (1996) New species of Actinote Hubner (Nymphalidae: Acraeinae) from Southeastern Brazil. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 50, 309 - 320." type="journal article" year="1996">Penz & Francini 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), this species probably feeds on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D5EFFDEED68FB69CA88806EFD91" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Color pattern of museum specimens corresponds to some extent to the “blackyellow mimicry group” (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D5EFFDEED68FD86C9588392FDFA" box="[524,689,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Actinote" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanisans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFDEED68FD86C9588392FDFA" box="[524,689,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. melanisans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and similar species) (R. B. Francini & C. M. Penz
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEACFFFDEED68FA9EC9588067FDC2" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">in prep.</emphasis>
|
||
), but field observations of live individuals are needed to confirm this tentative assessment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |