treatments-xml/data/03/DB/16/03DB1648FFB6373C8B82FF2FFE3EC1AD.xml
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<document id="3A9388865666871AFE98223BFCE33B33" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2561.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5304193" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629687123877" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Monniot, Françoise" docDate="2010" docId="03DB1648FFB6373C8B82FF2FFE3EC1AD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02561p029.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2561 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2561.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pseudodistoma fragile Tokioka 1958" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="2" masterDocId="FFE26E30FFB7373D8B15FFF0FFD9C21F" masterDocTitle="Some new data on tropical western Pacific Ascidians" masterLastPageNumber="29" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1699096324674" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="AB17C86F20F740F65F2E19BF18B5F7B7">Some new data on tropical western Pacific Ascidians</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BCDA75EFFB6373C8B82FF2FFD83C2E6" blockId="1.[151,602,223,284]" box="[151,602,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="D0851032FFB6373C8B82FF2FFD83C2E6" bold="true" box="[151,602,223,249]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C72DCDDFFB6373C8B82FF2FFD83C2E6" ID-CoL="4NWCG" authority="Tokioka, 1958" authorityName="Tokioka" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,602,223,249]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pseudodistomidae" genus="Pseudodistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragile">
<emphasis id="B9067B4CFFB6373C8B82FF2FFD83C2E6" bold="true" box="[151,602,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B9067B4CFFB6373C8B82FF2FFE7CC2E6" bold="true" box="[151,421,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Pseudodistoma fragile</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE3DAAFFFB6373C8AB9FF2FFD83C2E6" author="Tokioka, T." box="[428,602,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="313 - 325" refId="ref12371" refString="Tokioka, T. (1958) Contributions to Japanese ascidian fauna XII. Sporadic memoranda (3). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 6, 313 - 325." type="journal article" year="1958">Tokioka, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C368F4D5FFB6373C8B82FEF2FED5C303" box="[151,268,258,284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCDA75EFFB6373C8B82FEF2FED5C303" blockId="1.[151,602,223,284]" box="[151,268,258,284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
(
<figureCitation id="1349BBDBFFB6373C8B8AFEF2FED8C303" box="[159,257,258,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1916,1940]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pseudodistoma fragile: thorax of a zooid. Scale bar: 1mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C368F4D5FFB6373C8B82FEBDFE17C39B" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BCDA75EFFB6373C8B82FEBDFE17C39B" blockId="1.[151,1437,333,388]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB628070FFB6373C8B82FEBDFE17C39B" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD3814FFFB6373C8B82FEBDFDB9C37B" author="Tokioka, T." box="[151,608,333,356]" page="316" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1958">
<taxonomicName id="4C72DCDDFFB6373C8B82FEBDFDB9C37B" ID-CoL="4NWCG" authority="Tokioka, 1958: 316" authorityName="Tokioka" authorityPageNumber="316" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,608,333,356]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pseudodistomidae" genus="Pseudodistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragile">
<emphasis id="B9067B4CFFB6373C8B82FEBDFE51C37B" box="[151,392,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Pseudodistoma fragile</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE3DAAFFFB6373C8A9AFEBDFDB9C37B" author="Tokioka, T." box="[399,608,333,356]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="313 - 325" refId="ref12371" refString="Tokioka, T. (1958) Contributions to Japanese ascidian fauna XII. Sporadic memoranda (3). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 6, 313 - 325." type="journal article" year="1958">Tokioka, 1958: 316</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
<figureCitation id="1349BBDBFFB6373C8972FEBDFD7BC37B" box="[615,674,333,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1969,1993]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Trididemnum lanugineum n. sp.: spicules. Scale bar: 100µm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig.3</figureCitation>
. Monniot F. 1987: 508
<figureCitation id="1349BBDBFFB6373C8888FEBDFC0EC37B" box="[925,983,333,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1280,1304]" captionText="FIGURE 5. Didemnum biglutinum: spicules. Scale bar: 10µm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig 5</figureCitation>
. Monniot F. &amp; Monniot C. 2001: 226
<figureCitation id="1349BBDBFFB6373C8E67FEBDFF3AC39B" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1947,1971]" captionText="FIGURE 19. Phallusia Arabica: internal side of the neural area." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Fig.
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, 114E and synonymy.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B9067B4CFFB6373C8B82FE42FED2C3D3" bold="true" box="[151,267,434,460]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1AAD03FFB6373C8A07FE42FC60C008" collectingDate="2008-07-25" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="N. J. Pilcher &amp; Bai Canh Isl. Bai Giong" country="Vietnam" county="Bai Canh Isl." elevation="8" latitude="8.666833" location="Con Dao Isl." longLatPrecision="13" longitude="106.667" municipality="Con Dao Isl." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCode="A1, PSE 77, PSE 78" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B9067B4CFFB6373C8A07FE42FE51C3D3" bold="true" box="[274,392,434,460]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<collectingCountry id="F365E7CEFFB6373C8A07FE42FE51C3D3" box="[274,392,434,460]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Viet Nam</collectingCountry>
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, coll.
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et al.,
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,
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<location id="8EADF185FFB6373C8828FE42FC00C3D3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB1648FFB6373C8B82FF2FFE3EC1AD:8EADF185FFB6373C8828FE42FC00C3D3" box="[829,985,434,460]" country="Vietnam" county="Bai Canh Isl." latitude="8.666833" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="106.667" municipality="Con Dao Isl." name="Bai Canh Isl." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Bai Canh
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</location>
Bai Giong
</collectorName>
,
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,
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,
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<collectingDate id="EF887876FFB6373C8BDEFE28FE86C3ED" box="[203,351,472,498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2008-07-25">25/VII/2008</collectingDate>
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, 0PHG 1653-G (
<collectionCode id="ED633F9BFFB6373C8936FE28FDA7C3ED" box="[547,638,472,498]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MNHN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBD40F25FFB6373C8992FE28FD73C3ED" box="[647,682,472,498]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">A1</specimenCode>
<specimenCode id="DBD40F25FFB6373C89A7FE28FCD4C3ED" box="[690,781,472,498]" collectionCode="PSE" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">PSE 77</specimenCode>
);
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA93D24FFB6373C8837FE28FC60C3ED" box="[802,953,472,498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Con Dao Isl.</collectingMunicipality>
,
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, Quam Café,
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,
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,
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<collectingDate id="EF887876FFB6373C8A7AFE0DFDDAC008" box="[367,515,509,535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2008-07-25">25/VII/2008</collectingDate>
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, 0PHG 1653-G (
<collectionCode id="ED633F9BFFB6373C89D2FE0DFCFBC008" box="[711,802,509,535]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MNHN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBD40F25FFB6373C883FFE0DFC94C008" box="[810,845,509,535]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">A1</specimenCode>
<specimenCode id="DBD40F25FFB6373C8840FE0DFC69C008" box="[853,944,509,535]" collectionCode="PSE" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">PSE 78</specimenCode>
)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDA75EFFB6373C8BD3FDD2FD62C178" blockId="1.[151,1436,434,946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
When fixed the colonies are totally disorganised remaining in mucous sheets and isolated zooids. The zooids are colourless and transparent with a wide square thorax (
<figureCitation id="1349BBDBFFB6373C8883FDB8FC02C07D" box="[918,987,584,610]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1916,1940]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pseudodistoma fragile: thorax of a zooid. Scale bar: 1mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The oral siphon is short, the cloacal siphon tubular. The first row of stigmata is dorsally curved, with about 35 openings per side. A brood pouch is appended to the dorsal and posterior angle of the thorax (
<figureCitation id="1349BBDBFFB6373C883AFD62FCAAC0B3" box="[815,883,658,684]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1916,1940]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pseudodistoma fragile: thorax of a zooid. Scale bar: 1mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). It contains one well developed larva at a time and a young embryo. The thoracic musculature is weak with few spaced longitudinal fibres. The abdomen is narrow, smaller than the thorax with the stomach at mid-length. The length of the post-abdomen varies but is always longer than the thorax plus abdomen; the testis vesicles are grouped in a cluster at the posterior extremity. The larvae
<quantity id="4C8A0ABBFFB6373C8AB1FCD8FE21C15D" box="[420,504,808,834]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6mm</quantity>
long are as previously described (Monniot &amp; Monniot 2001
<figureCitation id="1349BBDBFFB6373C8FF0FCD8FAE4C15D" box="[1253,1341,808,834]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1947,1971]" captionText="FIGURE 19. Phallusia Arabica: internal side of the neural area." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) with 3 adhesive papillae and 4 ampullae on each side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDA75EFFB6373C8BD3FC82FE3EC1AD" blockId="1.[151,1436,434,946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
The geographic distribution covers the Pacific Ocean from
<collectingCountry id="F365E7CEFFB6373C88BDFC82FC32C193" box="[936,1003,882,908]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Japan</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F365E7CEFFB6373C8F0EFC82FB48C193" box="[1051,1169,882,908]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Viet Nam</collectingCountry>
but
<taxonomicName id="4C72DCDDFFB6373C8FC5FC82FA99C194" authorityName="Tokioka" authorityYear="1958" box="[1232,1344,882,907]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pseudodistomidae" genus="Pseudodistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragile">
<emphasis id="B9067B4CFFB6373C8FC5FC82FA99C194" box="[1232,1344,882,907]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. fragile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F365E7CEFFB6373C8A50FC68FE3AC1AD" box="[325,483,920,946]" name="Mozambique" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>