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<document id="46842B23E0BF68886E17200D767A2D1D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.182350" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dd26476a-c762-414a-aff7-184254ac9d65" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="182350" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459860179369" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Franz, Nico M." docDate="2008" docId="03B2C225FFB3FFF2FF5267FAABADF8E3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01782p033.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1782" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cotithene stratiotricha Franz, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FF8BBA5DFFBBFFF9FFC56213A939FFBD" masterDocTitle="Revision, phylogeny and natural history of Cotithene Vo s s (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698226000503" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E8F5140C15D0CDBF22EBA047A4E02004">Revision, phylogeny and natural history of Cotithene Vo s s (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="51FCA0D108F57945FDAD9AB21CC862A4">Franz, Nico M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="A919973FFA75D9417F5A5C891A0D9DFF">2008</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03B2C225FFB3FFF2FF5267FAABADF8E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6231086" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119368068" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6231086" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2C225FFB3FFF2FF5267FAABADF8E3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2C225FFB3FFF2FF5267FAABADF8E3" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="C30120B8FFB3FFF1FF5267FAAB73F9BE" box="[151,586,1513,1539]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA47333FFB3FFF1FF5267FAAB73F9BE" blockId="8.[151,586,1513,1539]" box="[151,586,1513,1539]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0ECC45FFFB3FFF1FF5267FAAB73F9BE" bold="true" box="[151,586,1513,1539]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB3FFF1FF5267FAAB73F9BE" bold="true" box="[151,586,1513,1539]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB3FFF1FF5267FAA8C5F9BE" authority="Franz" authorityName="Franz" box="[151,508,1513,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cotithene" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stratiotricha" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB3FFF1FF5267FAA89EF9BE" bold="true" box="[151,423,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cotithene stratiotricha</emphasis>
Franz
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C125AFFB3FFF1FDCD67FAAB73F9BE" box="[520,586,1513,1539]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30120B8FFB3FFF0FF526427AD21FEEF" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA47333FFB3FFF0FF526427AD21FEEF" blockId="8.[151,1437,1588,2014]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,152,338]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB3FFF1FF526427A82EF9F3" bold="true" box="[151,279,1588,1614]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Length
<quantity id="4CE3DED6FFB3FFF1FEB26427AB31F9F3" box="[375,520,1588,1614]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.7">2.7–3.3 mm</quantity>
; rostrum in male (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB3FFF1FD196427AA17F9F3" box="[732,814,1588,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1403,1427]" captionTargetBox="[198,1434,265,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,256,1380]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Variation of rostrum and head in males of Cotithene stratiotricha. A, small male, lateral view; B, intermediate-sized male, lateral view; C, large male, lateral view; D, large male, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182353/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB3FFF1FCFE6427AA70F9F3" box="[827,841,1588,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[287,1308,210,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[284,1308,194,1954]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rostrum and head of Cotithene males, lateral view. A, C. dicranopygia; B, C. stratiotricha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182355/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5</figureCitation>
B) in lateral view expanded near basal 2/5, slightly angulate, head (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB3FFF1FE9C644FA889F9CB" box="[345,432,1628,1654]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1403,1427]" captionTargetBox="[198,1434,265,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,256,1380]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Variation of rostrum and head in males of Cotithene stratiotricha. A, small male, lateral view; B, intermediate-sized male, lateral view; C, large male, lateral view; D, large male, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182353/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB3FFF1FE07644FA8E9F9CB" box="[450,464,1628,1654]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[287,1308,210,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[284,1308,194,1954]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rostrum and head of Cotithene males, lateral view. A, C. dicranopygia; B, C. stratiotricha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182355/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5</figureCitation>
B) with convex elevation, three triangular projections and dense, short to long, suberect setae, length of setae apparently positively allometric, pronotum (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB3FFF1FBE26497AD44F923" box="[1063,1149,1668,1694]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1116,1140]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,390,1093]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,376,1093]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus of Cotithene stratiotricha. A, male, dorsal view; B, male, lateral view; C, female, dorsal view; D, female, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182352/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
A, 2B) slightly convex, aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB3FFF1FED764BFA861F97B" box="[274,344,1708,1734]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,208,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[156,1441,194,1916]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Genital structures of Cotithene species, from left to right: aedeagus, ventral view; aedeagus, lateral view; posterior region of female sternum VIII, ventral view; spermatheca, lateral view; shaded areas depicting structures of the internal sac. A, C. dicranopygia; B, C. stratiotricha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182359/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B) in lateral view apically strongly deflexed, internal sac with paired, undulate, obliquely orientated sclerites; procoxal cavities in female very narrowly separated, sternum VIII (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB3FFF1FBB664C7AD80F953" box="[1139,1209,1748,1774]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,208,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[156,1441,194,1916]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Genital structures of Cotithene species, from left to right: aedeagus, ventral view; aedeagus, lateral view; posterior region of female sternum VIII, ventral view; spermatheca, lateral view; shaded areas depicting structures of the internal sac. A, C. dicranopygia; B, C. stratiotricha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182359/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B) with furcal arms U-shaped, spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB3FFF1FE7264EFA8C5F8AB" box="[439,508,1788,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,208,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[156,1441,194,1916]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Genital structures of Cotithene species, from left to right: aedeagus, ventral view; aedeagus, lateral view; posterior region of female sternum VIII, ventral view; spermatheca, lateral view; shaded areas depicting structures of the internal sac. A, C. dicranopygia; B, C. stratiotricha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182359/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B) J-shaped, with small, narrowly convex projection on outer margin near point of deflection.
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB3FFF1FEFF6537AB7CF880" box="[314,581,1828,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cotithene" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stratiotricha">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB3FFF1FEFF6537AB7CF880" box="[314,581,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cotithene stratiotricha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be distinguished from all species of the
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB3FFF1FB906537ACA5F880" box="[1109,1436,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">leptorhamphis-melanoptera</emphasis>
clade by its relatively small size and more basal expansion of the rostrum in the male. Larger males differ from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB3FFF1FE856567A8C6F830" box="[320,511,1908,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cotithene" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dicranopygia">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB3FFF1FE856567A8C6F830" box="[320,511,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. dicranopygia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by several modifications on the head, whereas smaller males and females are distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB3FFF1FE41658FAB71F808" box="[388,584,1948,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cotithene" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dicranopygia">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB3FFF1FE41658FAB71F808" box="[388,584,1948,1973]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. dicranopygia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the particularities of the terminalia. Males of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB3FFF1FB77658FAC52F808" box="[1202,1387,1948,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cotithene" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stratiotricha">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB3FFF1FB77658FAC52F808" box="[1202,1387,1948,1973]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. stratiotricha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are remarkably variable with respect to the angulate expansion, sculptures and setation of the rostrum and particularly the head. In the smallest males (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB2FFF0FD9A628BAB9AFF0F" box="[607,675,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1403,1427]" captionTargetBox="[198,1434,265,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,256,1380]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Variation of rostrum and head in males of Cotithene stratiotricha. A, small male, lateral view; B, intermediate-sized male, lateral view; C, large male, lateral view; D, large male, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182353/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A) these features are nearly indistinct, whereas the largest males (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB2FFF0FF5A62D3A9D6FF67" box="[159,239,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1403,1427]" captionTargetBox="[198,1434,265,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,256,1380]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Variation of rostrum and head in males of Cotithene stratiotricha. A, small male, lateral view; B, intermediate-sized male, lateral view; C, large male, lateral view; D, large male, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182353/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
C, 3D) have conspicuous triangular projections and very long, suberect setae that are densely arranged in a patch on the frons and directed anterodorsad. Large males are also characterized by a larger and more globular pronotum. In summary,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB2FFF0FDDE6303ABF6FE94" box="[539,719,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cotithene" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stratiotricha">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB2FFF0FDDE6303ABF6FE94" box="[539,719,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. stratiotricha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents a series of autapomorphic transformations, many of which are possibly related to alternative reproductive strategies in the males.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6423BBFFB2FFF0FF52664FA849FB2A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182352/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[151,1435,390,1093]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BA47333FFB2FFF0FF52664FA849FB2A" blockId="9.[151,1435,1116,1175]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB2FFF0FF52664FA823FBC9" bold="true" box="[151,282,1116,1140]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Habitus of
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB2FFF0FE5E664EABAEFBC9" box="[411,663,1117,1140]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB2FFF0FE5E664EABAAFBC9" box="[411,659,1117,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cotithene" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stratiotricha">Cotithene stratiotricha</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A, male, dorsal view; B, male, lateral view; C, female, dorsal view; D, female, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30120B8FFB2FFF3FF0366D4ACBCFF67" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA47333FFB2FFF0FF0366D4AC2FF8AF" blockId="9.[151,1436,1223,2010]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB2FFF0FF0366D4A894FB5C" bold="true" box="[198,429,1223,1249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description. Male.</emphasis>
Length
<quantity id="4CE3DED6FFB2FFF0FDD466DBAB9AFB5F" box="[529,675,1224,1250]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="3.05" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.8">2.8–3.3 mm</quantity>
, width 1.0–
<quantity id="4CE3DED6FFB2FFF0FCEB66DBAAB5FB5F" box="[814,908,1224,1250]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
, elongate, l/w = 2.7–2.8 (N = 5). Color light reddish-brown, rostrum and head darker, reddish-brown, legs yellowish-brown, elytra darker, brown. Rostrum (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB2FFF0FF5A670BA9C8FA8F" box="[159,241,1304,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1403,1427]" captionTargetBox="[198,1434,265,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,256,1380]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Variation of rostrum and head in males of Cotithene stratiotricha. A, small male, lateral view; B, intermediate-sized male, lateral view; C, large male, lateral view; D, large male, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182353/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB2FFF0FEDF670BA811FA8F" box="[282,296,1304,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[287,1308,210,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[284,1308,194,1954]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rostrum and head of Cotithene males, lateral view. A, C. dicranopygia; B, C. stratiotricha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182355/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5</figureCitation>
B)
<quantity id="4CE3DED6FFB2FFF0FE8A670BA8D9FA8F" box="[335,480,1304,1330]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.499999999999999" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.6499999999999999" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.7 mm</quantity>
, short, r/p = 0.5–0.6; dorsally arcuate, angulate-tumescent near basal 2/5; broad, apically slightly narrowed; dorsal impression indistinct; antennal insertion at apical 1/3 to 2/5. Head (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB2FFF0FA8F6753ACA2FAE7" box="[1354,1435,1344,1370]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1403,1427]" captionTargetBox="[198,1434,265,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,256,1380]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Variation of rostrum and head in males of Cotithene stratiotricha. A, small male, lateral view; B, intermediate-sized male, lateral view; C, large male, lateral view; D, large male, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182353/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB2FFF0FF72677BA9FCFA3F" box="[183,197,1384,1410]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[287,1308,210,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[284,1308,194,1954]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rostrum and head of Cotithene males, lateral view. A, C. dicranopygia; B, C. stratiotricha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182355/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5</figureCitation>
B) dorsally with distinct, irregular elevation, with 3 small to large, medially directed, triangular projections: 2 lateral (near dorsal margin of each eye) + 1 posterior; with dense, very long, suberect, aurate setae directed anterodorsad, longest setae nearly half as long as height of eye, increasing in length towards middle, intraspecifically variable, apparently positively allometric. Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB2FFF0FC0E67F3AD22FA47" box="[971,1051,1504,1530]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1116,1140]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,390,1093]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,376,1093]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus of Cotithene stratiotricha. A, male, dorsal view; B, male, lateral view; C, female, dorsal view; D, female, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182352/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
A &amp; 2B) slightly convex, anterolaterally not impressed. Proventrite
<date id="FFA555F3FFB2FFF0FD86641BAB58F99F" box="[579,609,1544,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2x</date>
as long as mesoventrite, without anterolateral impressions or tumescences; procoxal cavities separated by slightly less than width of antennal club. Elytra (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB2FFF0FB286423AC7CF9F7" box="[1261,1349,1584,1610]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1116,1140]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,390,1093]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,376,1093]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus of Cotithene stratiotricha. A, male, dorsal view; B, male, lateral view; C, female, dorsal view; D, female, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182352/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
A, 2B) posteriorly not attenuate; anterior elevation indistinct; striae slightly broader than intervals. Spiculum gastrale slightly shorter than aedeagus; furcal arms slightly arcuate, curving outward. Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB2FFF0FB716493ADC2F927" box="[1204,1275,1664,1690]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,208,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[156,1441,194,1916]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Genital structures of Cotithene species, from left to right: aedeagus, ventral view; aedeagus, lateral view; posterior region of female sternum VIII, ventral view; spermatheca, lateral view; shaded areas depicting structures of the internal sac. A, C. dicranopygia; B, C. stratiotricha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182359/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B) l/w = 3.6– 3.8 (N = 3), widest near middle, gradually narrowing in apical half, apex acutely projected, strongly deflexed by nearly 90°; internally with small, paired, explanate, obliquely orientated sclerites; sclerites subparallel yet asymmetrical, margins irregular, undulate, apically narrowed; apodemes of similar length as body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA47333FFB2FFF3FF00650CACBCFF67" blockId="9.[151,1436,1223,2010]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,152,218]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB2FFF0FF00650CA81EF884" bold="true" box="[197,295,1823,1849]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Female.</emphasis>
Length 2.7–3.0 mm, width 1.1–1.2, l/w = 2.5–2.6 (N = 5). Color more homogeneously (light) reddish-brown. Rostrum (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB2FFF0FE01655BAB2CF8DF" box="[452,533,1864,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1116,1140]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,390,1093]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,376,1093]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus of Cotithene stratiotricha. A, male, dorsal view; B, male, lateral view; C, female, dorsal view; D, female, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182352/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
C, 2D)
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, r/p = 0.9–1.0; narrow, width similar throughout; antennal insertion near middle. Head (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB2FFF0FE296563AB04F837" box="[492,573,1904,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1116,1140]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,390,1093]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,376,1093]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus of Cotithene stratiotricha. A, male, dorsal view; B, male, lateral view; C, female, dorsal view; D, female, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182352/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
C, 2D) without elevation, tumescences and modified long setae as present in male. Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB2FFF0FE44658BA8EAF80F" box="[385,467,1944,1970]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1116,1140]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,390,1093]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,376,1093]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus of Cotithene stratiotricha. A, male, dorsal view; B, male, lateral view; C, female, dorsal view; D, female, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182352/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
C, 2D) less expanded. Procoxal cavities very narrowly separated. Elytra (
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C, 2D) as in male. Sternum VIII (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB2FFF0FDC265D3AB76F867" box="[519,591,1984,2010]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,208,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[156,1441,194,1916]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Genital structures of Cotithene species, from left to right: aedeagus, ventral view; aedeagus, lateral view; posterior region of female sternum VIII, ventral view; spermatheca, lateral view; shaded areas depicting structures of the internal sac. A, C. dicranopygia; B, C. stratiotricha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182359/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B) posteriorly U-shaped, furcal arms slightly arcuate, apices with 8–10 setae. Spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB1FFF3FE43628BA8F5FF0F" box="[390,460,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,208,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[156,1441,194,1916]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Genital structures of Cotithene species, from left to right: aedeagus, ventral view; aedeagus, lateral view; posterior region of female sternum VIII, ventral view; spermatheca, lateral view; shaded areas depicting structures of the internal sac. A, C. dicranopygia; B, C. stratiotricha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182359/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B) J-shaped, outer margin near point of deflection with small, narrowly convex projection, orientated in parallel with basal half of spermatheca, apex very small, acuminate, slightly deflected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BA47333FFB1FFF3FF526768AD37FA08" blockId="10.[151,1436,1403,1461]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB1FFF3FF526768A820FA2E" bold="true" box="[151,281,1403,1427]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Variation of rostrum and head in males of
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB1FFF3FD24676FAAE2FA2E" box="[737,987,1404,1427]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB1FFF3FD24676FAAE1FA2E" box="[737,984,1404,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cotithene" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stratiotricha">Cotithene stratiotricha</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A, small male, lateral view; B, intermediate-sized male, lateral view; C, large male, lateral view; D, large male, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30120B8FFB1FFF3FF0367F7A9FCF80B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA47333FFB1FFF3FF0367F7A9FCF80B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1508,1974]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB1FFF3FF0367F7A886FA43" bold="true" box="[198,447,1508,1534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material examined.</emphasis>
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male &quot;
<collectingCountry id="F30C33A3FFB1FFF3FD5667F7AA26FA43" box="[659,799,1508,1534]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Heredia, La Selva Biol. Stat. (OTS),
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,
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,
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, on
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB1FFF3FEAC641FABBEF998" box="[361,647,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB1FFF3FEAC641FABB8F998" box="[361,641,1548,1573]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Dicranopygium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wedelii">Dicranopygium wedelii</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
leg. N. Franz,
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&quot; (
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); male
<typeStatus id="54A0CD91FFB1FFF3FB59641FAC36F99B" box="[1180,1295,1548,1574]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, same label data as
<typeStatus id="54A0CD91FFB1FFF3FF2B6427A86DF9F3" box="[238,340,1588,1614]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, 5;
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, 5;
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, 5;
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, 5;
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, 5;
<collectionCode id="ED0AEBF6FFB1FFF3FB7E6427AC28F9F3" box="[1211,1297,1588,1614]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">NMFC</collectionCode>
, 5;
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, 5), &quot;
<collectingCountry id="F30C33A3FFB1FFF3FF0D644FA876F9CB" box="[200,335,1628,1654]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Heredia, La Selva Biol. Stat. (OTS),
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,
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,
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, on
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB1FFF3FBBA644FACA5F9C8" box="[1151,1436,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB1FFF3FBBA644FACAEF9C8" box="[1151,1431,1628,1653]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Dicranopygium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wedelii">Dicranopygium wedelii</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
leg. N. Franz,
<date id="FFA555F3FFB1FFF3FE886497A8E3F923" box="[333,474,1668,1694]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2001-06-18">VI-18-2001</date>
&quot; (
<collectionCode id="ED0AEBF6FFB1FFF3FE326497AB76F923" box="[503,591,1668,1694]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/v16i-2wz8" name="University of Puerto Rico at Mayagueez, Rhizobium Culture Collection" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">UPRM</collectionCode>
, 5), &quot;
<collectingCountry id="F30C33A3FFB1FFF3FD516497AA27F923" box="[660,798,1668,1694]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Heredia,
<collectionCode id="ED0AEBF6FFB1FFF3FC5A6497AAD1F923" box="[927,1000,1668,1694]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/931n-s1te" name="National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">INBio</collectionCode>
Farm, near Guápiles,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F15F4FFB1FFF3FA456497A9DFF97B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-83.8">W 83°48'</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CE3DED6FFB1FFF3FF3464BFA806F97B" box="[241,319,1708,1734]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
, on
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB1FFF3FEB564BFAA00F97B" authority="R.S. Anderson" authorityName="R.S. Anderson" box="[368,825,1708,1734]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Asplundia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microphylla">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB1FFF3FEB564BFABBBF978" box="[368,642,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Asplundia microphylla,</emphasis>
R.S. Anderson
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFA555F3FFB1FFF3FC8064BFAAEAF97B" box="[837,979,1708,1734]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2000-06-24">VI-24-2000</date>
&quot; (
<collectionCode id="ED0AEBF6FFB1FFF3FC2E64BFAD7FF97B" box="[1003,1094,1708,1734]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CMNC</collectionCode>
, 10); female
<typeStatus id="54A0CD91FFB1FFF3FB2564BFAC6AF97B" box="[1248,1363,1708,1734]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, same label data as
<typeStatus id="54A0CD91FFB1FFF3FEF664C7A8A0F953" box="[307,409,1748,1774]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
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, 5;
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, 5;
<collectionCode id="ED0AEBF6FFB1FFF3FD7C64C7AA39F953" box="[697,768,1748,1774]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">DEIC</collectionCode>
, 5;
<collectionCode id="ED0AEBF6FFB1FFF3FCE964C7AA4CF953" box="[812,885,1748,1774]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y350-djvc" name="Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">INBC</collectionCode>
, 5;
<collectionCode id="ED0AEBF6FFB1FFF3FC6764C7AAD2F953" box="[930,1003,1748,1774]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MIUP</collectionCode>
, 5;
<collectionCode id="ED0AEBF6FFB1FFF3FBD264C7AD5CF953" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[1047,1125,1748,1774]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MIZA</collectionCode>
, 5); &quot;
<collectingCountry id="F30C33A3FFB1FFF3FB6664C7AC12F953" box="[1187,1323,1748,1774]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Heredia, La Selva Biol. Stat. (OTS),
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,
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,
<quantity id="4CE3DED6FFB1FFF3FD0B64EFAA35F8AB" box="[718,780,1788,1814]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
, on
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB1FFF3FCF964EFAD6EF8A8" box="[828,1111,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB1FFF3FCF964EFAD6BF8A8" box="[828,1106,1788,1813]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Dicranopygium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wedelii">Dicranopygium wedelii</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
leg. N. Franz,
<date id="FFA555F3FFB1FFF3FAC364EFACAAF8AB" box="[1286,1427,1788,1814]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2001-06-18">VI-18-2001</date>
&quot; (
<collectionCode id="ED0AEBF6FFB1FFF3FF5A6537A9C3F883" box="[159,250,1828,1854]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ww9x-1v7b" name="Museo de Insectos" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MUCR</collectionCode>
, 5;
<collectionCode id="ED0AEBF6FFB1FFF3FEE06537A842F883" box="[293,379,1828,1854]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">NMFC</collectionCode>
, 5;
<collectionCode id="ED0AEBF6FFB1FFF3FE636537AB3AF883" box="[422,515,1828,1854]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">NMNH</collectionCode>
, 5), &quot;
<collectingCountry id="F30C33A3FFB1FFF3FD856537ABFEF883" box="[576,711,1828,1854]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Heredia, La Selva Biol. Stat. (OTS),
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F15F4FFB1FFF3FAC56537AC4BF883" box="[1280,1394,1828,1854]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-83.98333">W 83°59'</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CE3DED6FFB1FFF3FABA6537A989F8DB" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
, on
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB1FFF3FF21655FAB31F8D8" box="[228,520,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Dicranop.
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB1FFF3FEA1655FAB3DF8D8" box="[356,516,1868,1893]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Dicranopygium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbrophilum">umbrophilum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
leg. N. Franz,
<date id="FFA555F3FFB1FFF3FD78655FAA6DF8DB" box="[701,852,1868,1894]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1997-07-29">VII-29-1997</date>
&quot; (
<collectionCode id="ED0AEBF6FFB1FFF3FCA8655FAAFCF8DB" box="[877,965,1868,1894]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/v16i-2wz8" name="University of Puerto Rico at Mayagueez, Rhizobium Culture Collection" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">UPRM</collectionCode>
, 5), &quot;
<collectingCountry id="F30C33A3FFB1FFF3FBC1655FADB2F8DB" box="[1028,1163,1868,1894]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Heredia,
<collectionCode id="ED0AEBF6FFB1FFF3FAC0655FAC77F8DB" box="[1285,1358,1868,1894]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/931n-s1te" name="National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">INBio</collectionCode>
Farm, near Guápiles,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F15F4FFB1FFF3FE8C6567A88CF833" box="[329,437,1908,1934]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="10.166667">N 10°10'</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F15F4FFB1FFF3FE046567AB0DF833" box="[449,564,1908,1934]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-83.8">W 83°48'</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CE3DED6FFB1FFF3FD856567ABB7F833" box="[576,654,1908,1934]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
, on
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB1FFF3FD7A6567ADB3F833" authority="R.S. Anderson" authorityName="R.S. Anderson" box="[703,1162,1908,1934]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Asplundia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microphylla">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB1FFF3FD7A6567AAEBF830" box="[703,978,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Asplundia microphylla,</emphasis>
R.S. Anderson
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFA555F3FFB1FFF3FB536567AC1DF833" box="[1174,1316,1908,1934]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2000-06-24">VI-24-2000</date>
&quot; (
<collectionCode id="ED0AEBF6FFB1FFF3FAF96567ACAEF833" box="[1340,1431,1908,1934]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CMNC</collectionCode>
, 10).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6423BBFFB0FFF2FF526614AB2DFBFC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182354/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[151,1434,205,1006]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BA47333FFB0FFF2FF526614AB2DFBFC" blockId="11.[151,1436,1031,1089]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB0FFF2FF526614A820FBA2" bold="true" box="[151,281,1031,1055]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Mouthparts of
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB0FFF2FE786614AB81FBA3" box="[445,696,1031,1054]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB0FFF2FE786614AB8DFBA3" box="[445,692,1031,1054]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cotithene" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globulicollis">Cotithene globulicollis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A, left mandible; B, right maxilla; C, labium. Scale bars 0.1 mm. For further detail see also Franz (2006).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30120B8FFB0FFF2FF036667ABADF8E3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA47333FFB0FFF2FF036667AA91FB0B" blockId="11.[151,1437,1140,1886]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB0FFF2FF036667A86AFB33" bold="true" box="[198,339,1140,1166]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for the distinct pattern of setation on the head of the male, which resembles an army &quot;crew cut&quot;; from the Greek
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB0FFF2FE19668EAB0DFB0B" box="[476,564,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">stratios</emphasis>
(of an army) and
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB0FFF2FCC2668EAA60FB0B" box="[775,857,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">trichos</emphasis>
(hair).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA47333FFB0FFF2FF0366D7AB78F903" blockId="11.[151,1437,1140,1886]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB0FFF2FF0366D7A8B7FB63" bold="true" box="[198,398,1220,1246]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Natural history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB0FFF2FE5266D6AB9AFB63" box="[407,675,1221,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cotithene" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stratiotricha">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB0FFF2FE5266D6AB9AFB63" box="[407,675,1221,1246]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cotithene stratiotricha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected in three localities in the Costa Rican Cordillera Central (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB0FFF2FEEA66FFA8BAFABB" box="[303,387,1260,1286]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[221,1360,188,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[211,1363,174,1838]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 13. Reported localities of Cotithene in Costa Rica and Panama (A) and Venezuela (B). See text for further detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182363/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
A), i.e. La Selva, INBio Farm and also Refugio Nacional de Fauna Silvestre de Fauna Silvestre, Área de Conservación Toruguero, Provincia Limón. At La Selva, this species is associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB0FFF2FF52672EA8CBFAEB" box="[151,498,1341,1366]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Dicranopygium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbrophilum">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB0FFF2FF52672EA8CBFAEB" box="[151,498,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dicranopygium umbrophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB0FFF2FDEE672EAA3FFAEB" authority="Harling" authorityName="Harling" box="[555,774,1340,1366]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Dicranopygium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wedelii">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB0FFF2FDEE672EAB9AFAEB" box="[555,675,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D. wedelii</emphasis>
Harling
</taxonomicName>
, whereas the specimens from INBio Farm were taken on
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB0FFF2FF526776ABA7FAC3" authority="(Oerst.) Harling. An" authorityName="(Oerst.) Harling. An" box="[151,670,1380,1406]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Asplundia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microphylla">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB0FFF2FF526776A89DFAC3" box="[151,420,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Asplundia microphylla</emphasis>
(Oerst.) Harling. An
</taxonomicName>
extensive sampling effort of derelomine flower weevils visiting
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB0FFF2FF52679EA829FA1B" box="[151,272,1421,1446]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Dicranopygium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wedelii">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB0FFF2FF52679EA829FA1B" box="[151,272,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D. wedelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inflorescences at La Selva yielded no individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB0FFF2FCB9679EAD08FA1B" box="[892,1073,1421,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cotithene" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stratiotricha">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB0FFF2FCB9679EAD08FA1B" box="[892,1073,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. stratiotricha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
during the initial phase of pollinator attraction (N = 10 inflorescences) or during the terminal phase when the pollen is released (N = 10 inflorescences). However, during the intermediate phase 1.1±1.0 adults were present on the inflorescences (N = 41 inflorescences). These results indicate that
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB0FFF2FD0F6416AA47F9A3" box="[714,894,1541,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cotithene" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stratiotricha">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB0FFF2FD0F6416AA47F9A3" box="[714,894,1541,1566]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. stratiotricha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not function as a pollinator of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B08B0FFB0FFF2FAE16416ACA5F9A3" box="[1316,1436,1541,1566]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Dicranopygium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wedelii">
<emphasis id="B96FAF21FFB0FFF2FAE16416ACA5F9A3" box="[1316,1436,1541,1566]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D. wedelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at La Selva, since this would require a closer synchronization with the appearance of the receptive stigmata and pollen. Nevertheless, the adults can remain on an inflorescence for several hours while feeding on floral parts, mating and ovipositing into the central axis. The larvae are herbivorous and develop in the rachis, which may lead to infructescence abortion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA47333FFB0FFF2FF0064DFABADF8E3" blockId="11.[151,1437,1140,1886]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The variable setal patch on the head of the males represents an unusual case of positive allometry (
<figureCitation id="13206FB6FFB0FFF2FA8E64DFACA8F95B" box="[1355,1425,1740,1766]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1403,1427]" captionTargetBox="[198,1434,265,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,256,1380]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Variation of rostrum and head in males of Cotithene stratiotricha. A, small male, lateral view; B, intermediate-sized male, lateral view; C, large male, lateral view; D, large male, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182353/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) and is most likely related to male-male conflicts for access to reproductively active females (see also
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A0EC2FFB0FFF2FA9C64E7A9D8F88B" author="Franz" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" refString="Franz, N. M. (2003 a) Mating behaviour of Staminodeus vectoris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and the value of systematics in behavioural studies. Journal of Natural History, 37, 1727 - 1750." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Franz 2003a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A0EC2FFB0FFF2FF2B650FA800F88B" author="Franz" box="[238,313,1820,1846]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" refString="Franz, N. M. (2007 a) Pollination of Anthurium by derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). International Journal of Tropical Biology, 55, 269 - 277." type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="a">2007a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A0EC2FFB0FFF2FE83650FAB76F88B" author="Franz" box="[326,591,1820,1846]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" refString="Franz, N. M. &amp; Valente, R. M. (2005) Evolutionary trends in derelomine flower weevils: from associations to homology. Invertebrate Systematics, 19, 499 - 530." type="journal article" year="2005">Franz &amp; Valente 2005</bibRefCitation>
). However, repeated attempts to record the use of these structures were unsuccessful (Franz, personal observation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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