treatments-xml/data/03/B2/87/03B287EAFFE7FFE322B5F931FBC3709E.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5256.3.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7751414" ID-ZooBank="6D2D86E8-1976-4558-B5CD-949E5F488781" checkinTime="1679300041659" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mccabe, Timothy L. &amp; Adams, Morton S." docDate="2023" docId="03B287EAFFE7FFE322B5F931FBC3709E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5256.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5256 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.3.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leucania sororia McCabe &amp; Adams 2023, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="258" masterDocId="FF8BFF92FFE1FFEB2222FFD9FFA97477" masterDocTitle="Five new species of the genus Leucania Ochsenheimer in Central America (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="250" pageNumber="256" updateTime="1679507193489" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title>Five new species of the genus Leucania Ochsenheimer in Central America (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mccabe, Timothy L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Research &amp; Collections, New York State Museum, 222 Madison Ave., Albany, New York 12230</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Adams, Morton S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-0118-7295</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Research &amp; Collections, New York State Museum, 222 Madison Ave., Albany, New York 12230 &amp; mortonsadams @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0118 - 7295</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mortonsadams@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-03-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>5256</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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<mods:start>250</mods:start>
<mods:end>266</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.3.2</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5256.3.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7751414</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6D2D86E8-1976-4558-B5CD-949E5F488781</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287EAFFE7FFE322B5F931FBC3709E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287EAFFE7FFE322B5F931FBC3709E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<subSubSection box="[151,756,1768,1794]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,915,1768,1830]" box="[151,756,1768,1794]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,756,1768,1794]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,756,1768,1794]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<taxonomicName authority="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,600,1768,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororia" status="new species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,359,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Leucania sororia</emphasis>
McCabe &amp; Adams
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[612,756,1768,1794]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,915,1804,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,915,1768,1830]" box="[151,915,1804,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<figureCitation box="[151,227,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–12" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,181,1466]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7–12. Imagos of male Leucania. 7. Leucania colorada, Paratype, 5 mi. S. Tliaxico, Oaxaca, 7,000’, Mexico (TLM ♁6361). 8. Leucania sororia, Paratype, 5 mi. S. Tliaxico, Oaxaca, 7,000’, Mexico (TLM ♁6067). 9. Leucania imperfecta, Cold Canyon, Napa County, 38°30’30”N, 122°05’49”W, 200 m, California, USA (TLM ♁2524). 10. Leucania championi, Holotype, Volcan Zunil, Fuentes Georginas, 14°45’00”N, 91°28’49”W, 2455 m, Guatemala (TLM ♁6056). 11. Leucania humidicola, Big Pine Key, Munroe Co., 24°40’48”N, 81°21’41”W, 2 m, Florida, USA. 12. Leucania dorsalis, Great Exuma, Simon’s Point, 23°31’50”N, 75°47’30”W, Bahamas (TLM ♁568)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751420/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
(imago), 23 (valvae), 24 (endophallus), 40 (bursa copulatrix)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,1869,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,379,1869,1895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Material examined</emphasis>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1964-06-18" collectingDateMax="1992-08-19" collectingDateMin="1964-06-18" collectionCode="NYSM, CNC" collectorName="S. Miahuitlan" country="Mexico" location="Oaxaca" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="11" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="holotype">
Dissections examined (3♁♁, 
<specimenCount box="[731,788,1869,1895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
). Type material: 
<typeStatus box="[984,1088,1869,1895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Holotype</typeStatus>
female. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1189,1307,1869,1895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<collectingCountry box="[1189,1307,1869,1895]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[1323,1410,1869,1895]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1265408" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" unit="mi" value="7.0">7 mi.</quantity>
<collectorName box="[196,353,1905,1931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">S. Miahuitlan</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[366,549,1905,1931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" value="1992-08-19">
<collectingDate box="[366,549,1905,1931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" value="1992-08-19">19 August 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, 7,000’, 
<collectorName box="[650,782,1905,1932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">H. Romack</collectorName>
, dissection TLM 
<specimenCount box="[978,991,1905,1931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
6308 (deposited in 
<collectionCode box="[1215,1301,1905,1931]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35009" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35009" name="New York State Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">NYSM</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1964-06-18" collectingDateMax="1992-08-19" collectingDateMin="1964-06-18" collectionCode="NYSM, CNC" collectorName="J. E. H. Martin" country="Mexico" location="Oaxaca" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="11" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[1320,1433,1906,1932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Paratypes</typeStatus>
. (4♁♁, 
<specimenCount box="[231,288,1941,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[310,428,1941,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
<collectingCountry box="[310,428,1941,1967]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingRegion box="[444,545,1942,1968]" country="Mexico" name="Durango" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Durango</collectingRegion>
, 
<quantity box="[556,628,1941,1967]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi.</quantity>
W. of 
<collectorName box="[703,795,1941,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">El Salto</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[807,960,1941,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" value="1964-06-18">
<collectingDate box="[807,960,1941,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" value="1964-06-18">18 June 1964</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[971,1127,1941,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">J.E.H. Martin</collectorName>
, 9000’, 4♁♁, 
<specimenCount box="[1288,1346,1941,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
, dissections TLM 
<specimenCount box="[281,295,1977,2003]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
6440, TLM ♁6436, MSA♁CNC1, MSA 
<specimenCount box="[765,778,1977,2003]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
CNC2 (
<collectionCode box="[870,933,1977,2003]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">CNC</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1964-06-18" collectingDateMax="1992-08-19" collectingDateMin="1964-06-18" collectionCode="NYSM, CNC" country="Mexico" location="Oaxaca" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="11" stateProvince="Oaxaca" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion box="[954,1041,1977,2003]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
, 
<quantity box="[1053,1112,1977,2004]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 mi.</quantity>
<collectorName box="[1120,1251,1977,2003]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">S. Tlaxiaco</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[1263,1432,1977,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" value="1992-08-05">
<collectingDate box="[1263,1432,1977,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" value="1992-08-05">5 August 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, 7,000’, 1♁, 
<collectorName box="[287,417,2013,2040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">H. Romack</collectorName>
, dissection TLM♁6067 [
<collectionCode box="[696,786,2013,2039]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35009" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35009" name="New York State Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">NYSM</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="257" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,150,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,314,150,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[330,524,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororia">
<emphasis box="[330,524,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Leucania sororia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears a close resemblance in both habitus and genitalia to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[1202,1334,150,176]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colorada">
<emphasis box="[1202,1334,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">L. colorada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[1352,1422,150,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–12" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,181,1466]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7–12. Imagos of male Leucania. 7. Leucania colorada, Paratype, 5 mi. S. Tliaxico, Oaxaca, 7,000’, Mexico (TLM ♁6361). 8. Leucania sororia, Paratype, 5 mi. S. Tliaxico, Oaxaca, 7,000’, Mexico (TLM ♁6067). 9. Leucania imperfecta, Cold Canyon, Napa County, 38°30’30”N, 122°05’49”W, 200 m, California, USA (TLM ♁2524). 10. Leucania championi, Holotype, Volcan Zunil, Fuentes Georginas, 14°45’00”N, 91°28’49”W, 2455 m, Guatemala (TLM ♁6056). 11. Leucania humidicola, Big Pine Key, Munroe Co., 24°40’48”N, 81°21’41”W, 2 m, Florida, USA. 12. Leucania dorsalis, Great Exuma, Simon’s Point, 23°31’50”N, 75°47’30”W, Bahamas (TLM ♁568)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751420/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,345,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororia">
<emphasis box="[151,345,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Leucania sororia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is gray-brown versus the red-brown of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[801,933,186,212]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colorada">
<emphasis box="[801,933,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">L. colorada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Another reliable diagnostic character is the configuration of the appendix bursae. The upward bent tip of the appendix bursae in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[1099,1209,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororia">
<emphasis box="[1099,1209,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">L. sororia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much shorter and smaller than in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[325,455,258,284]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colorada">
<emphasis box="[325,455,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">L. colorada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[471,555,258,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–40" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1826,1850]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,772,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-42@13.[306,1280,772,1803]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 35–40. Bursa copulatrix. Ventral view except for Fig. 38. 35. Leucania mopan, Paratype, Mountain Pine Ridge, 1,000 Foot Falls, Cayo District, Belize (TLM ♀6329). 36. Leucania albifasciata, Mountain Pine Ridge, 1,000 Foot Falls, Cayo District, Belize (TLM ♀6333). 37. Leucania merga, Paratype, Volcan Zunil, Fuentes Georginas, 14°45’00”N, 91°28’49”W, 2455 m, Guatemala (TLM ♀6484). 38. Leucania dorsalis, Volcan Atitlan, Reserva Los Tarrales, 14°31’57”N, 91°08’46”W, 995 m, Guatemala (TLM ♀4378, lateral view). 39. Leucania colorada, Holotype, 3 mi. N. Tliaxico, Oaxaca, 7,500’, Mexico (TLM ♀6362). 40. Leucania sororia, Holotype, 7 mi. S. of Miahuatian, Oaxaca, Mexico (TLM ♀6308)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751434/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
). In the male genitalia, the digitus and clasper run parallel in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[1241,1352,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororia">
<emphasis box="[1241,1352,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">L. sororia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but are splayed apart in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[335,466,294,320]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colorada">
<emphasis box="[335,466,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">L. colorada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[481,564,294,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1469,1493]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,181,1445]" captionTargetId="figure-17@10.[162,1425,181,1445]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Valvae and endophalli. 21–22. Leucania colorada, Paratype, 5 mi. S. Tliaxico, Oaxaca, 7,000’, Mexico (TLM ♁6361). 23–24. Leucania sororia, Paratype, 5 mi. S. Tliaxico, Oaxaca, 7,000’, Mexico (TLM ♁6067)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751426/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[585,777,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororia">
<emphasis box="[585,777,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Leucania sororia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be confused with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1898" box="[1038,1176,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oaxacana">
<emphasis box="[1038,1176,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">L. oaxacana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Strecker" authorityYear="1898" box="[1230,1384,294,320]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis box="[1230,1384,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">L. complicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see diagnosis of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[294,425,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colorada">
<emphasis box="[294,425,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">L. colorada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Based solely on habitus, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1898" box="[727,866,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oaxacana">
<emphasis box="[727,866,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">L. oaxacana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not reliably separated from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[1207,1322,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororia">L. sororia</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oaxacana">Leucania oaxacana</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has the white of the cubital vein thickened beneath the reniform whereas 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[1074,1183,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororia">
<emphasis box="[1074,1183,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">L. sororia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
typically has no thickening of the white at this location. The forewing color and pattern of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[921,1031,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororia">
<emphasis box="[921,1031,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">L. sororia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also close to that of 
<taxonomicName authority="Smith, 1894" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperfecta">
<emphasis box="[1287,1436,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">L. imperfecta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, J. B." box="[151,288,438,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" pagination="39 - 88" refId="ref10546" refString="Smith, J. B. (1894) Descriptions of new genera and species of Noctuidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 21, 39 - 88, 6 pls." type="journal article" year="1894">Smith, 1894</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[303,372,438,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–12" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,181,1466]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7–12. Imagos of male Leucania. 7. Leucania colorada, Paratype, 5 mi. S. Tliaxico, Oaxaca, 7,000’, Mexico (TLM ♁6361). 8. Leucania sororia, Paratype, 5 mi. S. Tliaxico, Oaxaca, 7,000’, Mexico (TLM ♁6067). 9. Leucania imperfecta, Cold Canyon, Napa County, 38°30’30”N, 122°05’49”W, 200 m, California, USA (TLM ♁2524). 10. Leucania championi, Holotype, Volcan Zunil, Fuentes Georginas, 14°45’00”N, 91°28’49”W, 2455 m, Guatemala (TLM ♁6056). 11. Leucania humidicola, Big Pine Key, Munroe Co., 24°40’48”N, 81°21’41”W, 2 m, Florida, USA. 12. Leucania dorsalis, Great Exuma, Simon’s Point, 23°31’50”N, 75°47’30”W, Bahamas (TLM ♁568)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751420/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), but 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1894" box="[436,585,438,464]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperfecta">
<emphasis box="[436,585,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">L. imperfecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has much lighter hind wings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751422" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7751422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751422/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" startId="7.[151,264,1790,1814]" targetBox="[151,1437,488,1766]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1790,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,345,1790,1814]" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">FIGURES 13–16.</emphasis>
Valvae and endophalli. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[606,676,1790,1814]" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">13–14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[687,912,1790,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albifasciata">
<emphasis box="[687,912,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Leucania albifasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Stann Creek, Cockscomb District, Belize (TLM ♁6317). 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[242,312,1826,1850]" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">15–16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Adams and McCabe" authorityYear="2023" box="[318,488,1827,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mopan">
<emphasis box="[318,488,1827,1850]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Leucania mopan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Holotype, Mountain Pine Ridge, 1,000 Foot Falls, Cayo District, Belize (TLM ♁6326).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1896,2031]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,1257]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,337,1896,1922]" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Description</emphasis>
. Wingspan 
<quantity box="[473,599,1896,1923]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="34.0">34–36 mm</quantity>
. Head, palpi, frons, thorax, patagia, tegula, and forewing gray-brown. No scale tufts on male fore- and mid-tibiae. Forewing with cubital vein clearly marked with white scales from base to reniform where it thickens (expands). Reniform above and adjacent to white-scaled cubital vein. White scales present below or rarely beyond the reniform. White scaling of cubital vein not thickened near reniform. Post-median line a curving row of small black dots on veins. Hind wings pale at base with brown marginal infuscation. Abdomen concolorous with hind wing margin. Ventral surface of hind wings duller and terminal dots more distinct than on dorsum. Eversible tubular structures present on ventrolateral aspect of male second abdominal segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis box="[199,372,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[387,546,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1469,1493]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,181,1445]" captionTargetId="figure-17@10.[162,1425,181,1445]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Valvae and endophalli. 21–22. Leucania colorada, Paratype, 5 mi. S. Tliaxico, Oaxaca, 7,000’, Mexico (TLM ♁6361). 23–24. Leucania sororia, Paratype, 5 mi. S. Tliaxico, Oaxaca, 7,000’, Mexico (TLM ♁6067)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751426/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Figs. 23 &amp; 24</figureCitation>
) Uncus with distal end spear-shaped and spiny, slightly thickened distally, and attenuated, but lacking a narrow claw-like tip. Tegumen and vinculum unmodified. Valva broad with inflatable flap (lappet) on the outside. Lappet, when fully inflated, extends well beyond valva margin. Cucullus short and broad with a row of numerous non-deciduous setae on outer margin. Pore plate well-developed. Ampulla short and thin. Editum conspicuous. Digitus short, sharp pointed, and typically parallel to clasper (see right valva in 
<figureCitation box="[151,235,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–24" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1469,1493]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,181,1445]" captionTargetId="figure-17@10.[162,1425,181,1445]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 21–24. Valvae and endophalli. 21–22. Leucania colorada, Paratype, 5 mi. S. Tliaxico, Oaxaca, 7,000’, Mexico (TLM ♁6361). 23–24. Leucania sororia, Paratype, 5 mi. S. Tliaxico, Oaxaca, 7,000’, Mexico (TLM ♁6067)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751426/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). Clasper an elongated projection extending almost to valva margin and terminating in upturned knob with acute point. Claval area of the sacculus wide, producing flat-topped bulge. Phallus a simple straight tube. Everted endophallus with finger-like diverticulum at one-third of its length from base, a patch of a few spines at base of diverticulum, another similar patch of spines between the diverticulum and the phallus. Distal half of endophallus with a long, somewhat irregular, double row of spines, proximal spines much longer than the others.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis box="[199,397,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[411,493,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–40" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1826,1850]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,772,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-42@13.[306,1280,772,1803]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 35–40. Bursa copulatrix. Ventral view except for Fig. 38. 35. Leucania mopan, Paratype, Mountain Pine Ridge, 1,000 Foot Falls, Cayo District, Belize (TLM ♀6329). 36. Leucania albifasciata, Mountain Pine Ridge, 1,000 Foot Falls, Cayo District, Belize (TLM ♀6333). 37. Leucania merga, Paratype, Volcan Zunil, Fuentes Georginas, 14°45’00”N, 91°28’49”W, 2455 m, Guatemala (TLM ♀6484). 38. Leucania dorsalis, Volcan Atitlan, Reserva Los Tarrales, 14°31’57”N, 91°08’46”W, 995 m, Guatemala (TLM ♀4378, lateral view). 39. Leucania colorada, Holotype, 3 mi. N. Tliaxico, Oaxaca, 7,500’, Mexico (TLM ♀6362). 40. Leucania sororia, Holotype, 7 mi. S. of Miahuatian, Oaxaca, Mexico (TLM ♀6308)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751434/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
) Ductus bursae extends from ostium bursae as a straight tube, sharply bent at appendix bursae. Corpus bursae arising following a narrow constriction, spherical, membranous. Striate appendix bursae folding back upon itself, overlapping ductus bursae for most of its length before terminating in a long, upturned prominence.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1257]" box="[199,701,762,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,429,762,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Global distribution</emphasis>
. 
<materialsCitation box="[443,697,763,789]" country="Mexico" location="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry box="[443,529,763,789]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<typeStatus box="[543,593,763,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">type</typeStatus>
locality)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="258" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1257]" box="[199,1287,799,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,328,799,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Etymology</emphasis>
. The epithet “sororia” (soror Latin for sister) refers to the relationship to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[1149,1279,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colorada">
<emphasis box="[1149,1279,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">L. colorada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1257]" box="[199,461,835,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,329,835,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Food plant</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1257]" box="[199,404,871,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,279,871,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Larva.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="258" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,308,907,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Remarks</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[323,517,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororia">
<emphasis box="[323,517,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Leucania sororia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[575,707,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colorada">
<emphasis box="[575,707,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">L. colorada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are sympatric and synchronic at high elevations in the Mexican state of 
<collectingRegion box="[240,328,943,969]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
. 
<taxonomicName authority="Schaus, 1898" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1898" box="[339,716,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oaxacana">
<emphasis box="[339,559,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Leucania oaxacana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Schaus, W." box="[566,716,943,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" pagination="107 - 120" refId="ref10479" refString="Schaus, W. (1898) New species of Noctuidae from tropical America. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 6, 107 - 120." type="journal article" year="1898">Schaus, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus box="[731,820,943,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">syntype</typeStatus>
illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Poole, R. W." box="[981,1117,943,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" refId="ref10443" refString="Poole, R. W. (2022) Encyclopedia of Life, Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: genus Leucania. http: // www. nearctica. com (accessed 16 June 2022)" type="url" year="2022">Poole, 2022</bibRefCitation>
) occurs in 
<collectingCountry box="[1241,1327,943,969]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and Central America and is easily confused with two of the newly described species (
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[1023,1134,979,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororia">
<emphasis box="[1023,1134,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">L. sororia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[1190,1321,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colorada">
<emphasis box="[1190,1321,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">L. colorada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Strecker" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,305,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis box="[151,305,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">L. complicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">
We have also examined 
<taxonomicName authority="Strecker, 1898" authorityName="Strecker" authorityYear="1898" box="[471,797,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis box="[471,625,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">L. complicata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Strecker, F. H. H." box="[632,797,1051,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" refId="ref10648" refString="Strecker, F. H. H. (1898) Lepidoptera, Rhopoloceres, and Heteroceres. Indigenous and exotic. Supplement 1. Pa Owen's steam book and job printing office, Reading, 12 pp." type="book" year="1898">Strecker, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,1004,1050,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Restored Status,</emphasis>
from northern 
<collectingCountry box="[1175,1261,1051,1077]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and southwestern 
<collectingCountry box="[195,249,1087,1113]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">USA</collectingCountry>
(photograph of 
<typeStatus box="[436,484,1087,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">type</typeStatus>
examined). Previously treated as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName authority="(Franclemont &amp; Todd, 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Franclemont &amp; Todd" baseAuthorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oaxacana">
<emphasis box="[1035,1175,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">L. oaxacana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Franclemont, J. G. &amp; Todd, E. L." pageId="8" pageNumber="258" pagination="284" refId="ref10055" refString="Franclemont, J. G. &amp; Todd, E. L. (1983) Noctuidae. In Hodges, R. W., et al., Check list of the Lepidoptera of America north of Mexico. E. W. Classey, Ltd., Faringdon, pp. 284." type="book chapter" year="1983">Franclemont &amp; Todd, 1983</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Strecker" authorityYear="1898" box="[230,465,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis box="[230,465,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Leucania complicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was misidentified as 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Franclemont &amp; Todd" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[706,844,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oaxacana">
<emphasis box="[706,844,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">L. oaxacana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Poole (accessed 
<date box="[1069,1222,1123,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" value="2022-06-16">16 June 2022</date>
). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Strecker" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Leucania complicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a member of an informal “oaxacana group” that includes: 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Franclemont &amp; Todd" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[867,1086,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oaxacana">
<emphasis box="[867,1086,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Leucania oaxacana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1099,1262,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albifasciata">L. albifasciata</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" box="[1272,1404,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colorada">L. colorada</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McCabe &amp; Adams" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sororia">L. sororia</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Adams and McCabe" authorityYear="2023" box="[245,353,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mopan">L. mopan</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis box="[409,516,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Adams and McCabe" authorityYear="2023" box="[409,512,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merga">L. merga</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Smith, 1894" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1894" box="[521,896,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperfecta">
<emphasis box="[521,751,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Leucania imperfecta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, J. B." box="[757,896,1195,1221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" pagination="39 - 88" refId="ref10546" refString="Smith, J. B. (1894) Descriptions of new genera and species of Noctuidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 21, 39 - 88, 6 pls." type="journal article" year="1894">Smith, 1894</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, is sympatric with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Strecker" authorityYear="1898" box="[1102,1255,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis box="[1102,1255,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">L. complicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in southwestern 
<collectingCountry box="[151,205,1231,1257]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">USA</collectingCountry>
and northern 
<collectingCountry box="[362,448,1231,1257]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and may be confused with species of the 
<emphasis box="[915,931,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">“</emphasis>
oaxacana 
<emphasis box="[1034,1050,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="258">”</emphasis>
group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>