494 lines
49 KiB
XML
494 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.3389/fpls.2022.883151" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fe85e7a5-8a98-43bc-9a44-7d6a10241556" ID-PMC="PMC9289450" ID-PubMed="35860537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7576624" approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1674828599440" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Smith, Lucy T., Magdalena, Carlos, Przelomska, Natalia A. S., Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A., Melgar-Gómez, Darío G., Beck, Stephan, Negrão, Raquel, Mian, Sahr, Leitch, Ilia J., Dodsworth, Steven, Maurin, Olivier, Ribero-Guardia, Gaston, Salazar, César D., Gutierrez-Sibauty, Gloria, Antonelli, Alexandre & Monro, Alexandre K." docDate="2022" docId="03B287DBFFFDFFC6AD77FBEC491FFDC7" docLanguage="en" docName="FrontPlantSci.13.1-31.pdf" docOrigin="Frontiers in Plant Science 13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.883151" docTitle="Victoria boliviana Magdalena and L. T. Sm. 2022" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FF8BFFA3FFE8FFDEAE3FFFB54D58FF8A" masterDocTitle="Revised Species Delimitation in the Giant Water Lily Genus Victoria (Nymphaeaceae) Confirms a New Species and Has Implications for Its Conservation" masterLastPageNumber="31" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1675174186117" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revised Species Delimitation in the Giant Water Lily Genus Victoria (Nymphaeaceae) Confirms a New Species and Has Implications for Its Conservation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Lucy T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Magdalena, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">c.magdalena@kew.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Przelomska, Natalia A. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom & National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">o.perez-escobar@kew.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Melgar-Gómez, Darío G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Herbario German Coimbra Sanz, Jardín BotAEnico Municipal de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Beck, Stephan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San AndrØs, La Paz, Bolivia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Negrão, Raquel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mian, Sahr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Leitch, Ilia J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dodsworth, Steven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maurin, Olivier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ribero-Guardia, Gaston</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>La Rinconada Ecoparque, Santa Cruz, Urbari, Bolivia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Salazar, César D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Calle 11 Norte # 24, Urbari, Bolivia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gutierrez-Sibauty, Gloria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Herbario German Coimbra Sanz, Jardín BotAEnico Municipal de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Antonelli, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom & Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden & Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Monro, Alexandre K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">a.monro@kew.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Frontiers in Plant Science</mods:title>
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||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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||
<mods:number>2022-07-04</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>13</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>31</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.883151</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3389/fpls.2022.883151</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">fe85e7a5-8a98-43bc-9a44-7d6a10241556</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC9289450</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PubMed">35860537</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7576624</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576648" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7576648" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFDFFC6AD77FBEC491FFDC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287DBFFFDFFC6AD77FBEC491FFDC7" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection box="[840,1402,1113,1135]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[810,1469,1113,1899]" box="[840,1402,1113,1135]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName authority="Magdalena and L. T. Sm." authorityName="Magdalena and L. T. Sm." authorityYear="2022" box="[840,1309,1113,1135]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,1034,1113,1135]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Victoria boliviana</emphasis>
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Magdalena and L. T. Sm.
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1321,1396,1113,1135]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[810,1469,1113,1899]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Type:
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4022401304" collectingDate="1988-03-29" collectionCode="LPB" collectorName="S. G. Beck" country="Bolivia" location="Provincia Ballivian" municipality="Provincia Ballivian" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Beni Department" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry box="[810,883,1144,1166]" name="Bolivia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[896,1078,1144,1166]" country="Bolivia" name="Beni" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Beni Department</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality box="[1091,1289,1144,1166]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Provincia Ballivían</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<locationDeviation pageId="21" pageNumber="22">subiendo el Río Yacuma desde Puerto Espíritu</locationDeviation>
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,
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<locationDeviation box="[1121,1464,1174,1196]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">laguna en conexíon al Río Yacuma</locationDeviation>
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, unos
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||
<quantity box="[870,937,1205,1227]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="20.0">
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<elevation box="[870,937,1205,1227]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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al N,
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<date box="[1012,1158,1205,1227]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1988-03-29">
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<collectingDate box="[1012,1158,1205,1227]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1988-03-29">29 Mar. 1988</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis box="[1172,1353,1205,1227]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<collectorName box="[1172,1281,1205,1227]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. G. Beck</collectorName>
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15173
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</emphasis>
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||
(
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<typeStatus box="[1371,1465,1205,1227]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode box="[810,855,1235,1257]" collectionName="LPB" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">LPB</collectionCode>
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;
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4022401307" box="[863,1115,1235,1257]" collectingDate="1988-03-29" collectionCode="K" collectorName="S. G. Beck" country="Bolivia" location="Provincia Ballivian" municipality="Provincia Ballivian" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCode="K000798309" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Beni Department" typeStatus="isotype">
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<typeStatus box="[863,938,1235,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">isotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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<collectionCode box="[946,963,1235,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">K</collectionCode>
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||
(
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<specimenCode box="[974,1108,1235,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">K000798309</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[810,1469,1113,1899]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Vernacular names: Reina
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<taxonomicName box="[1380,1464,1235,1257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Victoria</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[810,951,1266,1288]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regia">Victoria regia</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<figureCitation box="[959,1072,1266,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[826,896,1151,1168]" captionTargetBox="[810,1468,167,1261]" captionTargetId="figure-534@1.[832,1440,184,1111]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1 | Wild populations of (A) Victoria amazonica (Peru, Loreto), (B) V. boliviana sp. nov. (Bolivia, Beni) and (C) V. cruziana (Argentina, Chaco). (Photo Credits: (A) Laurel Allen, iNaturalist ID 821386. (B) Carlos Magdalena. (C) Fernanda Alarcón, iNaturalist ID. 19516477)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7576630/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[959,1072,1266,1288]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figures 1B</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[1084,1142,1266,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[137,207,1189,1206]" captionTargetBox="[120,778,167,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[142,750,184,1150]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3 | Line drawing comparing flower and seed morphology in: Victoria amazonica (A–C), V. boliviana sp. nov. (D–F), and V. cruziana (G–I); flower bud whole and in longitudinal section showing abaxial surface of outer tepals, bud profile, stigmatic chamber, carpellary appendage and prickle morphology; seeds. (cultivated at RBG Kew) Illustration: Lucy T Smith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7576636/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1084,1142,1266,1288]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3D–F</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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||
,
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<figureCitation box="[1154,1167,1266,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[137,207,1107,1124]" captionTargetBox="[119,1468,167,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[166,1416,184,1067]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5 | Victoria boliviana sp. nov. (A) habit, (B) abaxial leaf, (C) leaf rim profiles, (D) bud, whole and LS, (E) flower prickles, (F) first night flower, (G) second night flower, (H) carpellary appendages and tepal, staminode attachments; (I) ovule, whole and LS, (J) stamens, (K) seed. (All from material cultivated at RBG Kew). Illustration: Lucy T. Smith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7576640/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1154,1167,1266,1288]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">5</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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||
,
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<figureCitation box="[1178,1203,1266,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="22.[137,207,1455,1472]" captionTargetBox="[119,1468,167,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[327,1255,184,1416]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 10 | Victoria boliviana sp. nov. (A) bud whole, (B) bud L. S., (C) bud from above, (D) first night flower, (E) first night flower L. S., (F) second night flower, (G) second night flower L.S., (H) habit, and (I) seed. (A–G) (LTS), (I) (CM) cultivated RBG Kew, H (CM) Beni, Bolivia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7576655/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1178,1203,1266,1288]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">10</emphasis>
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||
</figureCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[810,1469,1113,1899]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Most similar to
|
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<taxonomicName authority="Orb." authorityName="Orb." box="[1024,1211,1296,1318]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cruziana">
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<emphasis box="[1024,1148,1296,1318]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">V. cruziana</emphasis>
|
||
Orb.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, from which it can be distinguished by the lower rim of the floating leaf, convex apex of the flower bud, length of the upper part of the carpellary appendages exceeding that of the lower part and the larger seeds. The
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro" authorityYear="2022" box="[922,1045,1419,1441]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
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<emphasis box="[922,1045,1419,1441]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">V. boliviana</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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plastid genome differs from that of other
|
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<taxonomicName box="[810,968,1449,1471]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis box="[810,890,1449,1471]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Victoria</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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by a 14 bp insertion between plastid genes
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<emphasis box="[1412,1467,1449,1471]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ndhC</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis box="[856,904,1480,1502]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">trnV</emphasis>
|
||
in the large single copy region (LSC), a 5 bp deletion between
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<emphasis box="[901,948,1510,1532]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">trnK</emphasis>
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||
and
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||
<emphasis box="[1003,1058,1510,1532]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">rps16</emphasis>
|
||
, a 7 bp deletion adjacent to
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<emphasis box="[1353,1400,1510,1532]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">trnC</emphasis>
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in the LSC and a 42b p deletion in the CDS of gene
|
||
<emphasis box="[1261,1301,1541,1563]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ycf1</emphasis>
|
||
, within the SSC. Finally, a 4 bp transversion unique to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro, 2022" authorityName="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro" authorityYear="2022" box="[1208,1333,1571,1593]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1208,1333,1571,1593]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">V. boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1341,1423,1571,1593]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was found inthe LSC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[810,1469,1113,1899]" lastBlockId="23.[120,778,1645,1881]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis box="[840,905,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
up to 3.2 m broad, adaxial surface of lamina green; abaxial surface of lamina dark green, maroon or dark-blue, radial and reticulate ribs yellow or green; leaf margins upturned to form a moderate rim c. 4–7% of leaf length, rim recurving strongly over blade surface at base and curving inwards or flared outwards at top, abaxial surface of rim deep maroon or very pale green/white in color, glabrous or with hairs, where present 1.2–3 mm, simple, multicellular, 6–15 segmented.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1125,1193,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Flower</emphasis>
|
||
bud broadly ovoid, convex at apex, up to 36 cm in diameter at second-night anthesis. Ovary 8–10 cm diameter, outer surface covered in prickles, 1–10 mm (dried) glabrous; prickles abruptly tapering from c. half of length to sharp apex; inner surface of ovary with shallowly concave stigmatic surface, oblong in longitudinal profile, ridged with lines corresponding with 25–36 radially arranged locules, each containing 8–14 ovules, 2–2.5 mm diameter (fresh). Outer tepals 4, 10–15 × 8–10 cm when fresh, abaxial surface predominantly green, or tinged maroon, prickles absent or present, where present up to 10 per tepal, prickles tapering abruptly at their midpoint to a sharp point, 1–10 (dried), distributed irregularly over entire surface, glabrous. Inner tepals 6–15 × 1.5–9 mm (fresh), innermost remaining white or turning pale pink at their base at the second-night anthesis; outer staminodia> 50,3– 4 × 0.5– cm, thick, rigid, apiculate; stamens, 4–5 × 0.5–1 cm; inner staminodia 4– 5 × 0.5–0.7 base of lower parts of carpellary appendage angular in shape and arising at 45 degree angle from stigmatic surface, length of upper parts exceeding that of lower parts.
|
||
<emphasis box="[875,1203,1750,1772]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Flower at first night of anthesis,</emphasis>
|
||
inner tepals white, outer staminodia tipped blue-violet;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1128,1342,1780,1802]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">second night anthesis</emphasis>
|
||
, inner tepal adaxial surface pink, inner tepals pale pink at base, white or pink towards the apex, outer staminodia dark pink for basal twothirds of their length, white then violet towards the apex, inner staminodia pink at base.
|
||
<emphasis box="[392,446,1645,1667]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
c. 300 per fruit, 12–13 × 16– 17 mm, globose with a prominent raphe (especially when dry), dark brown to black, surrounded by a mucilaginous aril.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576655" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7576655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7576655/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[137,207,1455,1472]" targetBox="[119,1468,167,1511]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[137,1451,1455,1498]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[137,242,1455,1472]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 10 |</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro, 2022" authorityName="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro" authorityYear="2022" box="[247,380,1456,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[247,380,1456,1473]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Victoria boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[386,451,1455,1472]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[454,478,1455,1472]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">(A)</emphasis>
|
||
bud whole,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[577,602,1455,1472]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">(B)</emphasis>
|
||
bud L. S.,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[691,716,1455,1472]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">(C)</emphasis>
|
||
bud from above,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[859,884,1455,1472]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">(D)</emphasis>
|
||
first night flower,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1024,1048,1455,1472]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">(E)</emphasis>
|
||
first night flower L. S.,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1232,1254,1455,1472]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">(F)</emphasis>
|
||
second night flower,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1425,1451,1455,1472]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">(G)</emphasis>
|
||
second night flower L.S.,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[342,367,1481,1498]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">(H)</emphasis>
|
||
habit, and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[457,473,1481,1498]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">(I)</emphasis>
|
||
seed.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[528,576,1481,1498]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">(A–G)</emphasis>
|
||
(LTS),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[631,647,1481,1498]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">(I)</emphasis>
|
||
(CM) cultivated RBG Kew, H (CM) Beni, Bolivia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576657" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7576657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7576657/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[137,207,1534,1551]" targetBox="[119,1468,167,1590]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[137,1433,1534,1577]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[137,242,1534,1551]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 11 |</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[247,377,1534,1551]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cruziana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[247,377,1534,1551]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Victoria cruziana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[383,406,1534,1551]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(A)</emphasis>
|
||
bud whole,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[506,531,1534,1551]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(B)</emphasis>
|
||
bud L.S.,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[615,640,1534,1551]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(C)</emphasis>
|
||
bud from above,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[782,808,1534,1551]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(D)</emphasis>
|
||
first night flower,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[948,971,1534,1551]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(E)</emphasis>
|
||
first night flower L.S.,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1150,1173,1534,1551]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(F)</emphasis>
|
||
second night flower,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1344,1369,1534,1551]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(G)</emphasis>
|
||
second night flower LTS,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[275,300,1560,1577]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(H)</emphasis>
|
||
habit, and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[391,407,1560,1577]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(I)</emphasis>
|
||
seed.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[462,542,1560,1577]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(A–D,F,G)</emphasis>
|
||
(photo LTS),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[649,665,1560,1577]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(I)</emphasis>
|
||
(CM) cultivated RBG Kew,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[884,927,1560,1577]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(D,E)</emphasis>
|
||
cultivated Denver Botanic Gardens (LTS).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[120,778,1645,1881]" lastBlockId="24.[120,778,170,1882]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[150,573,1737,1759]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution and Conservation status</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro" authorityYear="2022" box="[588,778,1737,1759]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[588,778,1737,1759]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Victoria boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Magdalena and L. T. Sm. is restricted to Bolivia and the flood plains of the Llanos de Moxos, Mamoré watershed, identified as a Centre of Plant Diversity and Endemism (Site SA24) (Beck and Moraes, 1997). These area is considered by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Langstroth Plotkin" box="[666,957,1645,1881]" firstAuthor="Langstroth Plotkin" journalOrPublisher="Geographica Helvetica" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="183 - 192" part="66" refId="ref27904" refString="Langstroth Plotkin, R. (2012). Biogeography of the Llanos de Moxos: natural and anthropogenic determinants. Geographica Helvetica 66, 183 - 192. doi: 10.5194 / gh- 66 - 183 - 2011" title="Biogeography of the Llanos de Moxos: natural and anthropogenic determinants" type="journal article" year="2012">Langstroth Plotkin (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Moxos is surrounded by the forests of the Upper Madeira basin and is an area of largely open vegetation – herbaceous wetlands, grasslands, savannas, and woodlands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Beck, S. G." journalOrPublisher="Vaduz: J. Cramer" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" part="186" refId="ref24818" refString="Beck, S. G. (1983). Vegetationsoekologische Grundlagen der Viehwirtschaft in den Ueberschwemmungs-Savannen des Rio Yacuma (departamento Beni, Bolivien) Dissertationes Botanicae Bd. Vaduz: J. Cramer, 186." title="Vegetationsoekologische Grundlagen der Viehwirtschaft in den Ueberschwemmungs-Savannen des Rio Yacuma (departamento Beni, Bolivien) Dissertationes Botanicae Bd" type="book" year="1983">Beck, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Beck, S. G." box="[873,922,1737,1759]" journalOrPublisher="Phytocoenologia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="321 - 350" part="12" refId="ref24856" refString="Beck, S. G. (1984). Comunidades vegetales de las sabanas inundadizas en el NE de Bolivia. Phytocoenologia 12, 321 - 350. doi: 10.1127 / phyto / 12 / 1984 / 321" title="Comunidades vegetales de las sabanas inundadizas en el NE de Bolivia" type="journal article" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Langstroth Plotkin" box="[936,1194,1737,1759]" firstAuthor="Langstroth Plotkin" journalOrPublisher="Geographica Helvetica" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="183 - 192" part="66" refId="ref27904" refString="Langstroth Plotkin, R. (2012). Biogeography of the Llanos de Moxos: natural and anthropogenic determinants. Geographica Helvetica 66, 183 - 192. doi: 10.5194 / gh- 66 - 183 - 2011" title="Biogeography of the Llanos de Moxos: natural and anthropogenic determinants" type="journal article" year="2012">Langstroth Plotkin, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Images (not included in the minimum calculation of the EOO or AOO) suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro" authorityYear="2022" box="[810,935,1798,1820]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[810,935,1798,1820]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">V. boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’s range extends further west (natural or cultivated) to Rurrenabaque. We estimated a minimum and maximum EOO and AOO. The maximum range was based on the potential habitat across the Llanos de Moxos region (including geographical information from public unverified images) and verified herbarium collections and iNaturalist images. The minimum range was based on the coordinates of herbarium collections and iNaturalist images alone. We estimated that the EOO of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro" authorityYear="2022" box="[250,375,323,345]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[250,375,323,345]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">V. boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranges between 8,006 km
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[647,656,317,334]" fontSize="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">2</superScript>
|
||
(minimum) and 33,151 km
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[278,287,348,365]" fontSize="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">2</superScript>
|
||
(maximum), falling close to the thresholds of the Vulnerable category under criterion B. We estimated that the AOO of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro" authorityYear="2022" box="[260,387,414,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[260,387,414,436]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">V. boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranges from 32 km
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[605,614,409,426]" fontSize="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">2</superScript>
|
||
(minimum) to 2,000 km
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[220,229,439,456]" fontSize="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">2</superScript>
|
||
(maximum), falling between the Endangered and Vulnerable categories. There are less than five known locations for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro" authorityYear="2022" box="[156,278,506,528]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[156,278,506,528]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">V. boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We could find no information about population fragmentation but believe that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro" authorityYear="2022" box="[448,575,537,559]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[448,575,537,559]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">V. boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be vulnerable to fluctuations in flooding and drought throughout the year. For example, Beni Department has been recently affected by seasonal floods, fires and droughts due to El Niño and La Niña climate events (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vasquez" box="[205,356,659,681]" editor="G. C. D. Ramos" firstAuthor="Vasquez" journalOrPublisher="Dakar: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA ))" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="121 - 136" refId="ref31263" refString="Vasquez, G. C. (2015). " Indigenous people and climate change: causes of flooding in the Bolivian Amazon and consequences for the indigenous populaton, " in Inequality and Climate Change: Perspectves from the South, ed. G. C. D. Ramos (Dakar: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA )), 121 - 136. doi: 10.2307 / j. ctvh 8 r 0 w 3.12" title="Indigenous people and climate change: causes of flooding in the Bolivian Amazon and consequences for the indigenous populaton" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Inequality and Climate Change: Perspectves from the South" year="2015">Vásquez, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Arecent increase in agriculture-lead deforestation has been documented along the Trinidad-Santa Cruz highway (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Langstroth Plotkin" box="[278,531,720,742]" firstAuthor="Langstroth Plotkin" journalOrPublisher="Geographica Helvetica" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="183 - 192" part="66" refId="ref27904" refString="Langstroth Plotkin, R. (2012). Biogeography of the Llanos de Moxos: natural and anthropogenic determinants. Geographica Helvetica 66, 183 - 192. doi: 10.5194 / gh- 66 - 183 - 2011" title="Biogeography of the Llanos de Moxos: natural and anthropogenic determinants" type="journal article" year="2012">Langstroth Plotkin, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), to the south of known
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro" authorityYear="2022" box="[120,244,751,773]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[120,244,751,773]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">V. boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations and satellite images from Google Earth Pro and i-Terra suggest extensive deforestation along the edges of roads (
|
||
<bibRefCitation accessDate="invalid" author="i-Terra" box="[191,325,812,834]" firstAuthor="i-Terra" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="http://terra-i.org/terra-i/data/data-terra-i_peru.html" refId="ref27403" refString="i-Terra (2021). CIAT-Terra-I. Terra-i Peru. Available online at: http: // terra-i. org / terra-i / data / data-terra-i _ peru. html (accessed October 20, 2021)" title="CIAT-Terra-I. Terra-i Peru" type="url" year="2021">i-Terra, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="NASA" box="[337,463,812,834]" firstAuthor="NASA" journalOrPublisher="Washington, DC: NASA" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref29018" refString="NASA (2021). Earth Observatory. Deforestation. Washington, DC: NASA." title="Earth Observatory. Deforestation" type="book" year="2021">NASA, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation accessDate="invalid" author="GoogleEarth" box="[475,666,812,834]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="https://www.google.com/earth/index.html" refId="ref26545" refString="GoogleEarth (2022). The World's Most Detailed Globe. Available Online at https: // www. google. com / earth / index. html (accessed June 16, 2022)" title="The World's Most Detailed Globe." type="url" year="2022">GoogleEarth, 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) which we use to infer an active decline in habitat quality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[120,778,170,1882]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Taking a precautionary approach and based on the small EOO and AOO, small number of locations (5), and continuing decline in habitat, we assess
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro" authorityYear="2022" box="[332,456,934,956]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[332,456,934,956]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">V. boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as Vulnerable (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[619,655,934,956]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">VU</emphasis>
|
||
), according to criteria B1ab(iii)+B2ab(iii).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[120,778,170,1882]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[150,219,995,1017]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Notes.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro, 2022" authorityName="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro" authorityYear="2022" box="[229,415,995,1017]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[229,415,995,1017]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Victoria boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[426,511,995,1017]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has the largest observed leaves of the three species, with laminae> 3 m in length having been observed. The abaxial surface of the upturned rim surface varies between individual plants in the same locality from dark maroon to very pale, almost “white” green, a characteristic not found in other species. Prickles on abaxial outer tepal surfaces are absent or very few, and if present are not confined to the lower portion of the outer tepals unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[546,666,1215,1237]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cruziana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[546,666,1215,1237]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">V. cruziana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where the smaller number of prickles are confined to the lower one-third of the abaxial tepal surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[120,778,170,1882]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro" authorityYear="2022" box="[150,340,1307,1329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[150,340,1307,1329]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Victoria boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[617,699,1307,1329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Victoria</taxonomicName>
|
||
whose carpellary appendages have upper portions that are longer than the lower portions. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro" authorityYear="2022" box="[532,661,1371,1393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[532,661,1371,1393]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">V. boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’s stigmatic chambers are the shallowest of the three
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[531,695,1401,1423]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[531,611,1401,1423]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Victoria</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Haenke saw
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[169,249,1432,1454]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[169,249,1432,1454]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Victoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants in Yacuma in 1801, during the Malaspina expedition (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gickelhorn, R." box="[242,417,1463,1485]" journalOrPublisher="Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref26518" refString="Gickelhorn, R. (1966). Thaddaus Haenkes Reisen und Arbeiten in Sudamerika nach Dokumentarforschungen in Spanischen Archiven. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag." title="Thaddaus Haenkes Reisen und Arbeiten in Sudamerika nach Dokumentarforschungen in Spanischen Archiven" type="book" year="1966">Gickelhorn, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 105;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ibanez Montoya" box="[499,725,1463,1485]" firstAuthor="Ibanez Montoya" journalOrPublisher="Madrid: Lunwerg Editores" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref27230" refString="Ibanez Montoya, M. V. (1984). Trabajos Cientificos y Correspondencia de Tadeo Haenke. La Expedicion Malaspina 1789 - 1794, Tomo IV. Madrid: Lunwerg Editores." title="Trabajos Cientificos y Correspondencia de Tadeo Haenke. La Expedicion Malaspina 1789 - 1794, Tomo IV" type="book" year="1984">Ibañez Montoya, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but no identifiable description is available and no voucher has been found.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="d'Orbigny" box="[196,367,1524,1546]" journalOrPublisher="Bot. Ser." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="57" part="13" refId="ref25559" refString="d'Orbigny (1840). Annales de Sciences Naturelles. Bot. Ser. 13: 57." title="Annales de Sciences Naturelles" type="book" year="1840">d’Orbigny (1840</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 57) reported seeing this species on the banks of the Mamoré river in 1832 and mistakenly assigned this species to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[272,412,1585,1607]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[272,412,1585,1607]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">V. amazonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
when publishing his description of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[120,237,1615,1637]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cruziana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[120,237,1615,1637]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">V. cruziana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[120,778,170,1882]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Further investigations and surveys are required to better understand the species’ current range, population fluctuations and habitat and thus better predict the impacts of the threats identified.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[120,778,170,1882]" lastBlockId="24.[810,1468,169,589]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Field observations of the flowers from a single population in the Llanos de Moxos suggest that whilst pollinated by beetles,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro, 2022" authorityName="Smith & Magdalena & Przelomska & Pérez-Escobar & Melgar-Gómez & Beck & Negrão & Mian & Leitch & Dodsworth & Maurin & Ribero-Guardia & Salazar & Gutierrez-Sibauty & Antonelli & Monro" authorityYear="2022" box="[120,250,1829,1851]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[120,250,1829,1851]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">V. boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[264,350,1829,1851]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
flowers may host fewer individuals of pollinators than
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[305,452,1860,1882]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[305,452,1860,1882]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">V. amazonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only 4–10 individuals being observedintheflowersof theformer, comparedto> 20 inthe flowers of the latter. This could be due to a lower density of pollinators in their area of occupation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[810,1468,169,589]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,1092,262,284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Additional Material –</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4022401310" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
BOLIVIA.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1232,1288,262,284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Beni:</emphasis>
|
||
Santa Ana del Yacuma, –65.4236, –13.74, –/6–7/1845,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1271,1468,292,314]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Bridges, T. s. n.</emphasis>
|
||
(K);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4022401310" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Cercado: Laguna Suarez 5 km sur de la ciudad de Trinidad, –64.864167, – 14.872222, 08/05/2019,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Magdalena, C. Melgar, D. G., Salazar, C. D., Alvarez, C., Gutierrez, G., Arias, J. 154</emphasis>
|
||
(German Coimbra Sanz Herbarium, Jardin Botanico Municipal);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4022401310" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Moxos, pasando el Río Mamoré, cerca al puente del Río Tijamuchi a lado del camino, –65.145278, –14.851111, 09/05/2019,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Magdalena, C. Melgar, D. G., Salazar, C. D., Alvarez, C., Gutierrez, G., Arias, J.155</emphasis>
|
||
(Herbario German Coimbra Sanz Jardín Botanico Municipal).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |