treatments-xml/data/03/B2/87/03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.3389/fpls.2022.883151" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fe85e7a5-8a98-43bc-9a44-7d6a10241556" ID-PMC="PMC9289450" ID-PubMed="35860537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7576624" approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1674828599440" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Smith, Lucy T., Magdalena, Carlos, Przelomska, Natalia A. S., Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A., Melgar-Gómez, Darío G., Beck, Stephan, Negrão, Raquel, Mian, Sahr, Leitch, Ilia J., Dodsworth, Steven, Maurin, Olivier, Ribero-Guardia, Gaston, Salazar, César D., Gutierrez-Sibauty, Gloria, Antonelli, Alexandre &amp; Monro, Alexandre K." docDate="2022" docId="03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC" docLanguage="en" docName="FrontPlantSci.13.1-31.pdf" docOrigin="Frontiers in Plant Science 13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.883151" docTitle="Victoria amazonica Klotzsch" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FF8BFFA3FFE8FFDEAE3FFFB54D58FF8A" masterDocTitle="Revised Species Delimitation in the Giant Water Lily Genus Victoria (Nymphaeaceae) Confirms a New Species and Has Implications for Its Conservation" masterLastPageNumber="31" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1675171947094" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revised Species Delimitation in the Giant Water Lily Genus Victoria (Nymphaeaceae) Confirms a New Species and Has Implications for Its Conservation</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Lucy T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Magdalena, Carlos</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">c.magdalena@kew.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Przelomska, Natalia A. S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom &amp; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">o.perez-escobar@kew.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Melgar-Gómez, Darío G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Herbario German Coimbra Sanz, Jardín BotAEnico Municipal de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Beck, Stephan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San AndrØs, La Paz, Bolivia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Negrão, Raquel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mian, Sahr</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Leitch, Ilia J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dodsworth, Steven</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Maurin, Olivier</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ribero-Guardia, Gaston</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>La Rinconada Ecoparque, Santa Cruz, Urbari, Bolivia.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Salazar, César D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Calle 11 Norte # 24, Urbari, Bolivia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gutierrez-Sibauty, Gloria</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Herbario German Coimbra Sanz, Jardín BotAEnico Municipal de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Antonelli, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom &amp; Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden &amp; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Monro, Alexandre K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-07-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number>13</mods:number>
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<mods:end>31</mods:end>
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="7FSHC" ID-ENA="110274" authority="(Poepp.) Klotzsch" box="[840,1243,244,266]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,1049,244,266]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Victoria amazonica</emphasis>
(Poepp.) Klotzsch
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,
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<treatmentCitation pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis box="[1256,1467,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bot. Zeitung (Berlin)</emphasis>
5: 245 (1847)
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3D2ZG" authority="Poepp." authorityName="Poepp." box="[966,1243,275,297]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Euryale" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis box="[966,1162,275,297]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Euryale amazonica</emphasis>
Poepp.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Froriep’s Not. Natur- Heilk</emphasis>
. 35: 131 (1832).
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</paragraph>
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Type: 
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<emphasis box="[1097,1216,306,328]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Poeppig s.n.</emphasis>
(
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-presumed destroyed in 
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);
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, 
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, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[1266,1467,336,358]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Careiro da Várzea</collectingMunicipality>
[
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de Careiro
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<collectorName box="[1272,1397,367,389]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">G.T. Prance</collectorName>
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22745 (
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(selected by 
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): 
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(
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46745
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(
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="19.[810,1469,244,1903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Vernacular names: Forno de Jaçanã, Auapé yapóna, 
<taxonomicName box="[1252,1393,489,511]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regia">
<emphasis box="[1252,1393,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Victoria regia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Giant Amazonian Waterlily. 
<figureCitation box="[1040,1156,519,541]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[826,896,1151,1168]" captionTargetBox="[810,1468,167,1261]" captionTargetId="figure-534@1.[832,1440,184,1111]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1 | Wild populations of (A) Victoria amazonica (Peru, Loreto), (B) V. boliviana sp. nov. (Bolivia, Beni) and (C) V. cruziana (Argentina, Chaco). (Photo Credits: (A) Laurel Allen, iNaturalist ID 821386. (B) Carlos Magdalena. (C) Fernanda Alarcón, iNaturalist ID. 19516477)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7576630/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1040,1156,519,541]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figures 1A</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1167,1180,519,541]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[137,207,1558,1575]" captionTargetBox="[119,1468,167,1638]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[318,1265,184,1518]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 | Flower morphology and terms, using a Victoria amazonica second-night flower in longitudinal section for reference (above) and a fully dissected flower (below). (A) Ovary, (B) stigmatic surface and stigmatic chamber, (C) locule and ovules, (D) floral apex, (E) outer tepals, (F) inner tepals, (G) outer staminodia, (H) stamens, (I) inner staminodia, (J) carpellary appendages. Illustration and photo: Lucy T. Smith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7586153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7586153/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1167,1180,519,541]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1191,1251,519,541]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[137,207,1189,1206]" captionTargetBox="[120,778,167,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[142,750,184,1150]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3 | Line drawing comparing flower and seed morphology in: Victoria amazonica (A–C), V. boliviana sp. nov. (D–F), and V. cruziana (G–I); flower bud whole and in longitudinal section showing abaxial surface of outer tepals, bud profile, stigmatic chamber, carpellary appendage and prickle morphology; seeds. (cultivated at RBG Kew) Illustration: Lucy T Smith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7576636/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1191,1251,519,541]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">3A–C</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1262,1275,519,541]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[137,207,1101,1118]" captionTargetBox="[119,1468,167,1181]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[152,1430,184,1061]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4 | Victoria amazonica (A) habit, (B) abaxial leaf, (C) leaf rim profiles, (D) bud, whole and LS, (E) flower prickles, (F) first night flower, (G) second night flower, (H) carpellary appendages and tepal, staminode attachments; (I) ovule, whole and LS, (J) stamens, (K) fruit, (L) seed. (All from material cultivated at RBG Kew). Illustration: Lucy T. Smith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7576638/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1262,1275,519,541]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">4</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1287,1300,519,541]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[137,207,1534,1551]" captionTargetBox="[119,1468,167,1590]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[327,1255,184,1495]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9 | Victoria amazonica (A) bud whole, (B) bud L.S., (C) bud from above, (D) first night flower, (E) first night flower L.S., (F) second night flower, (G) second night flower LTS, (H) habit, and (I) seed. (A–H) (LTS) and (I) (CM) cultivated RBG Kew." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7576653/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1287,1300,519,541]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">9</emphasis>
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.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="19.[810,1469,244,1903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitation author="R. H. Schomb" page="661" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1837">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6SD33" authority="R. H. Schomb. Athenaeum (London)" box="[840,1372,550,572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regina">
<emphasis box="[840,992,550,572]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Victoria regina</emphasis>
R.H.Schomb. Athenaeum (London)
</taxonomicName>
515: 661 (September 9, 1837).
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[810,1469,244,1903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[840,1405,611,633]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitation author="Lindl." box="[840,1405,611,633]" page="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1837">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="5BD4Y" authority="Lindl., Monograph" authorityName="Lindl., Monograph" box="[840,1179,611,633]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regia">
<emphasis box="[840,976,611,633]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Victoria regia</emphasis>
Lindl., Monograph
</taxonomicName>
: 3 (October 16, 1837).
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
Type: Victoria Regia: 3, Plate 1 (October 16, 1837). 
<emphasis box="[1266,1398,642,664]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nom. superfl.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[810,1469,244,1903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitation author="J. E. Gray" page="440" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1837">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6SD33" authority="J. E. Gray, Mag. Zool. and Bot." authorityName="J. E. Gray, Mag. Zool. and Bot." box="[840,1348,672,694]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regina">
<emphasis box="[840,996,672,694]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Victoria regina</emphasis>
J. E. Gray, 
<emphasis box="[1133,1342,672,694]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mag. Zool. and Bot</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
2(11): 440 (December 1, 1837). 
<emphasis box="[1019,1146,703,725]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nom. superfl</emphasis>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
. 
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitation author="Hook." page="314" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1850">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="5BD52" authority="Hook." authorityName="Hook." box="[1154,1379,703,725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reginae">Victoria reginae Hook.</taxonomicName>
Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 314 (1850). 
<emphasis box="[1191,1284,733,755]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">orth. var.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="19.[810,1469,244,1903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis box="[840,905,764,786]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Leaves</emphasis>
up to 2.3 m broad, adaxial surface of lamina green, occasionally tinged bronze in younger leaves; abaxial surface of lamina maroon or green, radial and reticulate ribs maroon, yellow or green; leaf margins form a low to moderate rim c. 4–7% of the lamina length (higher in crowded habitats), rim curved at its base then ± perpendicular to adaxial surface, abaxial surface of rim maroon or green; hairs 0.3–12 mm, simple, multicellular, 3–12 segmented. 
<emphasis box="[1220,1296,970,992]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Flowers</emphasis>
up to 28 cm in diameter at second-night anthesis. Ovary 8–12 cm diameter, outer surface covered in prickles 1– 18 mm (dried), prickles gradually tapering to a sharp point, hairs absent or present, where present simple, 0.1–0.4 mm, inner surface of ovary with deeply concave stigmatic surface, rounded to triangular in longitudinal profile, ridged with lines corresponding with 25–36 radially arranged locules, each containing 25–28 ovules, 1–1.5 mm diameter (fresh). Outer tepals 4.9–12 × 4–8 cm when fresh; abaxial surface predominantly brown/maroon, bearing 55–330 prickles per tepal, prickles tapering gradually to a sharp point, ranging from 1–14 mm (dried), spaced regularly, irregularly, or clustering more densely toward the base over entire surface, hairs absent or present on abaxial surface, where present 0.1–0.2 mm. Inner tepals 7–15 × 2–6 cm (fresh), innermost deep maroon in bud; all others remaining white or turning pink to dark pink at second-night anthesis; outer staminodia&gt; 25, 5–6 × 1–1.5 cm thick, rigid, apiculate; stamens 2–4 × 0.5–1 cm; inner staminodia, 4–6 × 0.5–1 cm; base of lower parts of carpellary appendage auriculate/rounded in shape and hanging free from extension of stigmatic surface, length of upper parts not exceeding that of lower parts. 
<emphasis box="[941,1267,1606,1628]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Flower at first night of anthesis,</emphasis>
inner tepals white, with innermost tepals dark maroon, outer staminodia tipped pink; 
<emphasis box="[868,1085,1667,1689]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">second night anthesis,</emphasis>
innermost tepals dark maroon, inner tepals remaining white or pink to dark pink or red, darkest at base, outer staminodia remaining white or dark pink for basal two thirds of their length, tipped pink, inner staminodia pink at base. 
<emphasis box="[867,921,1789,1811]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Seeds</emphasis>
600–1000 per fruit, 7–8 × 9–10 mm, ellipsoid, green to brown, raphe faintly visible.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="19.[810,1469,244,1903]" lastBlockId="20.[120,779,1645,1881]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,1271,1850,1872]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution and Conservation Status —</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[1271,1468,1850,1872]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis box="[1271,1468,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Victoria amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to the Amazon river basin, from Northern Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana and Peru. Its EOO is estimated to be 2,640,795 km 
<superScript attach="left" box="[430,439,1670,1687]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2</superScript>
, exceeding the threshold for an IUCN threat category under criterion B, whilst its AOO is estimated as 476 km 
<superScript attach="left" box="[346,355,1731,1748]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2</superScript>
, falling into the Endangered category. We believe that our calculation of the AOO is likely an underestimate, resulting from difficulties in observing the species in the field and under-representation of the genus in biological collections.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576653" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7576653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7576653/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[137,207,1534,1551]" targetBox="[119,1468,167,1590]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph blockId="20.[137,1442,1534,1577]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[137,231,1534,1551]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 9 |</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[237,387,1534,1551]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis box="[237,387,1534,1551]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Victoria amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[392,416,1534,1551]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(A)</emphasis>
bud whole, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[516,540,1534,1551]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(B)</emphasis>
bud L.S., 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[624,649,1534,1551]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(C)</emphasis>
bud from above, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[792,817,1534,1551]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(D)</emphasis>
first night flower, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[957,980,1534,1551]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(E)</emphasis>
first night flower L.S., 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1160,1182,1534,1551]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(F)</emphasis>
second night flower, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1353,1379,1534,1551]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(G)</emphasis>
second night flower LTS, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[275,300,1560,1577]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(H)</emphasis>
habit, and 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[391,407,1560,1577]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(I)</emphasis>
seed. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[462,509,1560,1577]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(A–H)</emphasis>
(LTS) and 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[594,610,1560,1577]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(I)</emphasis>
(CM) cultivated RBG Kew.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="20.[810,1469,1645,1881]" lastBlockId="21.[120,779,170,1903]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
There are more than 10 locations for which threats have been assessed, but there is not the information on population fragmentation or fluctuation available in order to be able to assess the ‘severely fragmented’ and ‘extreme fluctuations’ subcriteria. A continuing decline in habitat quality is inferred due to the presence of hydroelectric dams, mining, and deforestation of the river systems from where 
<taxonomicName box="[1146,1293,1829,1851]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis box="[1146,1293,1829,1851]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">V. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is documented. For example, in Peru, localities along the Marañón river to the headwaters of the Amazon and the Ucayali river have been heavily deforested by gold mining (
<bibRefCitation accessDate="invalid" author="i-Terra" box="[564,702,201,223]" firstAuthor="i-Terra" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" publicationUrl="http://terra-i.org/terra-i/data/data-terra-i_peru.html" refId="ref27403" refString="i-Terra (2021). CIAT-Terra-I. Terra-i Peru. Available online at: http: // terra-i. org / terra-i / data / data-terra-i _ peru. html (accessed October 20, 2021)" title="CIAT-Terra-I. Terra-i Peru" type="url" year="2021">i-Terra, 2021</bibRefCitation>
). Gold mining is associated with profound mercury contamination of rivers and aquatic species (
<bibRefCitation author="USGS Environmental Health Program" firstAuthor="USGS Environmental Health Program" journalOrPublisher="Reston, VA: USGS" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref31230" refString="USGS Environmental Health Program (2019). Mercury Isotope Ratios used to Determine Sources of Mercury to Fish in Northeast U. S. Streams. Reston, VA: USGS." title="Mercury Isotope Ratios used to Determine Sources of Mercury to Fish in Northeast U. S. Streams" type="book" year="2019">USGS Environmental Health Program, 2019</bibRefCitation>
) and increases in Peruvian mercury imports suggest that contamination must be increasing (
<bibRefCitation author="Swenson" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Swenson" journalOrPublisher="PLoS One" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="e 18875" part="6" refId="ref30946" refString="Swenson, J. J., Carter, C. E., Domec, J. C., and Delgado, C. I. (2011). Gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon: global prices, deforestation, and mercury imports. PLoS One 6: e 18875. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0018875" title="Gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon: global prices, deforestation, and mercury imports" type="journal article" year="2011">Swenson et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
). In Brazil, as in Bolivia there have also been reports of mining activities in indigenous lands adjacent to several 
<taxonomicName box="[698,778,384,406]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[698,778,384,406]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Victoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations (
<bibRefCitation accessDate="invalid" author="Hutukara Associacao Yanomami and Associacao Wanasseduume Ye'kwana" firstAuthor="Hutukara Associacao Yanomami" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" publicationUrl="https://www.amazoniasocioambiental.org/en/radar/em-2020-garimpoavancou-30-na-terra-indigena-yanomami-aponta-relatorio/" refId="ref27163" refString="Hutukara Associacao Yanomami, and Associacao Wanasseduume Ye'kwana (2020). Scars in the Forest - The Growth of Illegal Mining in the Yanomami Indigenous Territory (YIL) in 2020. Report. Available Online at: https: // www. amazoniasocioambiental. org / en / radar / em- 2020 - garimpoavancou- 30 - na-terra-indigena-yanomami-aponta-relatorio / (accessed October 20, 2021)" title="Scars in the Forest - The Growth of Illegal Mining in the Yanomami Indigenous Territory (YIL) in 2020." type="url" year="2020">Hutukara Associação Yanomami and Associação Wanasseduume Ye’kwana, 2020</bibRefCitation>
; INPE, 2021; 
<bibRefCitation accessDate="invalid" author="MapBiomas" box="[589,772,445,467]" firstAuthor="MapBiomas" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" publicationUrl="https://plataforma.brasil.mapbiomas.org" refId="ref28498" refString="MapBiomas (2021). MapBiomas Project- Collection Cobertura of the Annual Series of Land Use and Land Cover Maps of Brazil. Available online at: https: // plataforma. brasil. mapbiomas. org (accessed October 20, 2021)." title="MapBiomas Project- Collection Cobertura of the Annual Series of Land Use and Land Cover Maps of Brazil." type="url" year="2021">MapBiomas, 2021</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Mercado" box="[120,271,476,498]" firstAuthor="Mercado" journalOrPublisher="Cochabamba: La Libre" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref28797" refString="Mercado, J. (2021). Tras el dorado. Cronicas de la explotacion del oro en la Amazonia. Cochabamba: La Libre." title="Tras el dorado. Cronicas de la explotacion del oro en la Amazonia" type="book" year="2021">Mercado, 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[120,779,170,1903]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName box="[150,352,506,528]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis box="[150,352,506,528]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Victoria amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here assessed as Least Concern (LC) considering that its range stretches across Amazonia and currently exceeds the parameters for a threatened category under criterion B. We note, however, a moderate number of locations where populations are under threat and there is a continuing decline in habitat quality. Further investigation and surveys are needed to better understand trends in population size, fragmentation, distribution and the impact of climate change.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[120,779,170,1903]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[150,219,750,772]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[225,421,751,773]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis box="[225,421,751,773]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Victoria amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species whose leaves do not always form an upturned rim, and when they do, it is usually low and vertical in profile rather than recurving over the flat part of the lamina. Its flowers are distinguished from 
<taxonomicName box="[661,778,842,864]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cruziana">
<emphasis box="[661,778,842,864]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">V. cruziana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith &amp; Magdalena &amp; Przelomska &amp; Pérez-Escobar &amp; Melgar-Gómez &amp; Beck &amp; Negrão &amp; Mian &amp; Leitch &amp; Dodsworth &amp; Maurin &amp; Ribero-Guardia &amp; Salazar &amp; Gutierrez-Sibauty &amp; Antonelli &amp; Monro" authorityYear="2022" box="[166,291,873,895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Victoria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
<emphasis box="[166,291,873,895]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">V. boliviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both in bud and on first-night opening, as the innermost tepals are dark maroon rather than white. Carpellary appendages are curved at the base of the lower part and hang freely away from the attachment point. The prickles covering both outer tepal abaxial surface and outer ovary are uniquely gradually tapering to a sharp point (not abruptly tapering as in other species), and always cover the entire abaxial surface of the outer tepals. Its seeds are ellipsoid rather than globose.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="21.[120,779,170,1903]" lastBlockId="21.[810,1469,170,1078]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[150,361,1117,1139]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Material Examined</emphasis>
— 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4022401302" collectingDate="1997-07-09" collectionCode="LPB, MO" collectorName="Ritter, N.; Crow, G. &amp; Crow, C." country="Bolivia" latitude="-10.903611" location="Rio Madre de Dios" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-66.126667" municipality="Manuripi" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pando">
<collectingCountry box="[399,502,1117,1139]" name="Bolivia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[519,593,1117,1139]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingRegion box="[519,589,1117,1139]" country="Bolivia" name="Pando" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pando</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality box="[608,708,1117,1139]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Manuripi</collectingMunicipality>
: pond north of 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAECEFBC94CBCFB18" box="[241,484,1148,1170]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-66.12666" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-10.903611" municipality="Manuripi" name="Rio Madre de Dios" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Pando">Rio Madre de Dios</location>
., 
<geoCoordinate box="[512,631,1148,1170]" degrees="66.126667" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-66.12666">–66.126667</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[656,774,1148,1170]" degrees="10.903611" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-10.903611">–10.903611</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[120,236,1178,1200]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1997-07-09">
<collectingDate box="[120,236,1178,1200]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1997-07-09">09/07/1997</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[257,485,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[257,362,1178,1200]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ritter, N.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[383,485,1178,1200]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Crow, G.</collectorName>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis box="[538,703,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[538,638,1178,1200]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Crow, C.</collectorName>
4170
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[728,774,1178,1200]" collectionName="LPB" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">LPB</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[120,165,1209,1231]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MO</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4022401303" collectingDate="1984-10-01" collectionCode="K, NY" collectorName="Ferreira, C. A." country="Brazil" latitude="-7.614444" location="Humaita" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.895556" municipality="Rio Moa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Acre">
<collectingCountry box="[182,271,1209,1231]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
. ‘North Brasil’: 1898, 
<emphasis box="[212,370,1239,1261]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Vaughan, G. 61</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[385,406,1239,1261]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">K</collectionCode>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[424,480,1239,1261]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingRegion box="[424,475,1239,1261]" country="Brazil" name="Acre" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Acre</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality box="[487,579,1239,1261]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Río Moa</collectingMunicipality>
, margem esquerda; lugar chamado 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAF20FB434C23FA86" box="[287,379,1270,1292]" country="Brazil" latitude="-72.89555" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-7.614444" municipality="Rio Moa" name="Humaita" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Acre">Humaita</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[394,513,1270,1292]" degrees="72.895556" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-72.89555">–72.895556</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[527,644,1270,1292]" degrees="7.614444" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-7.614444">– 7.614444</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[658,775,1270,1292]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1984-10-01">
<collectingDate box="[658,775,1270,1292]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1984-10-01">01/10/1984</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[120,355,1300,1322]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[120,289,1300,1322]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ferreira, C. A.</collectorName>
5123
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[382,422,1300,1322]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">NY</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-12-16" collectionCode="UPCB" collectorName="Brogim, R." latitude="-4.229167" location="Igarape no Rio Tapajos" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-55.961111" municipality="Itaituba" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amapa">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[451,528,1300,1322]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingRegion box="[451,528,1300,1322]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Amapá</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingMunicipality box="[552,634,1300,1322]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Itaituba</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBACAFFAA14DAFFAC3" latitude="-55.96111" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-4.229167" municipality="Itaituba" name="Igarape no Rio Tapajos" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Amapa">Igarape no Rio Tapajos</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[263,394,1331,1353]" degrees="55.961111" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-55.96111">– 55.961111</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[410,517,1331,1353]" degrees="4.229167" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-4.229167">–4.229167</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[532,649,1331,1353]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2017-12-16">
<collectingDate box="[532,649,1331,1353]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2017-12-16">16/12/2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[665,779,1331,1353]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Brogim, R.</collectorName>
4
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[156,227,1362,1384]" collectionName="UPCB" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">UPCB</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2009-02-15" collectionCode="K, SPF" collectorName="Quinet, A. &amp; Saraiva, B. &amp; Firmeza, T." latitude="-7.745278" location="Margem do Rio Croa" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.556667" municipality="Ipixuna" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[255,372,1361,1383]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingRegion box="[255,368,1361,1383]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality box="[390,471,1362,1384]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ipixuna</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAFD3FAE74FBFFAE2" box="[492,743,1362,1384]" latitude="-72.55666" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-7.745278" municipality="Ipixuna" name="Margem do Rio Croa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Amazonas">Margem do Rio Croa</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72.556667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-72.55666">– 72.556667</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[247,353,1392,1414]" degrees="7.745278" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-7.745278">–7.745278</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[374,490,1392,1414]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2009-02-15">
<collectingDate box="[374,490,1392,1414]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2009-02-15">15/02/2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[512,629,1392,1414]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Quinet, A.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[652,774,1392,1414]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Saraiva, B.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[120,233,1423,1445]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Firmeza, T.</collectorName>
1582
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[296,316,1423,1445]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">K</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[326,370,1423,1445]" collectionName="SPF" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">SPF</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1974-09-25" collectionCode="K, NY, US" collectorName="Prance, G. T." latitude="-3.10000" location="Ilha de Careiro" longitude="59.81667" municipality="Teresina" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality box="[386,476,1423,1445]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Teresina</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAFDAFA3A4FD8FA2F" box="[485,640,1423,1445]" municipality="Teresina" name="Ilha de Careiro" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry box="[485,525,1423,1445]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ilha</collectingCountry>
de Careiro
</location>
, –59.81667, – 3.1, 
<date box="[173,289,1453,1475]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1974-09-25">
<collectingDate box="[173,289,1453,1475]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1974-09-25">25/09/1974</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[309,539,1453,1475]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[309,463,1453,1475]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Prance, G. T.</collectorName>
22745
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[564,584,1453,1475]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">K</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[605,639,1453,1475]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">NY</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[660,694,1453,1475]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry box="[660,694,1453,1475]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">US</collectingCountry>
</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1968-10-29" collectionCode="NY" collectorName="Prance, G. T. &amp; Ramos, J. F. &amp; Farias, L. G." latitude="-7.229772" location="Basin of Rio Purus area" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-64.813056" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBACEDFA184C1FFA68" latitude="-64.81306" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-7.229772" name="Basin of Rio Purus area" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Basin of Rio Purus area</location>
. 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAF65FA794C8DFA68" box="[346,469,1484,1506]" latitude="-64.81306" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-7.229772" name="Lago Preto" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lago Preto</location>
, 
<locationDeviation box="[488,745,1484,1506]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<quantity box="[488,549,1484,1506]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
north of Labrea
</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="64.813056" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-64.81306">– 64.813056</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[244,351,1514,1536]" degrees="7.229772" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-7.229772">–7.229772</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[369,485,1514,1536]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1968-10-29">
<collectingDate box="[369,485,1514,1536]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1968-10-29">29/10/1968</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[504,655,1514,1536]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Prance, G. T.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ramos, J. F.</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName box="[206,346,1545,1567]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Farias, L. G.</collectorName>
8016
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[430,470,1545,1567]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">NY</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1974-02-05" collectionCode="K, NY, US" collectorName="Steward, W. C. &amp; Ramos, J. F." latitude="-3.168889" location="Rio Solimoes" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-59.806667" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAFD0F9BC4F27F995" box="[495,639,1545,1567]" latitude="-59.806667" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-3.168889" name="Rio Solimoes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rio Solimões</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBACAFF9BC4C5FF9B7" latitude="-59.806667" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-3.168889" name="south bank near Carreiro" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">south bank near Carreiro</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[275,394,1575,1597]" degrees="59.806667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-59.806667">–59.806667</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[406,512,1575,1597]" degrees="3.168889" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-3.168889">–3.168889</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[524,640,1575,1597]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1974-02-05">
<collectingDate box="[524,640,1575,1597]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1974-02-05">05/02/1974</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Steward, W. C.</collectorName>
And 
<collectorName box="[215,353,1606,1628]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ramos, J. F.</collectorName>
P20211
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[463,483,1606,1628]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">K</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[502,536,1606,1628]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">NY</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[555,589,1606,1628]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry box="[555,589,1606,1628]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">US</collectingCountry>
</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1987-08-08" collectionCode="MO, NY" collectorName="Tsugaru, S. &amp; Yotaro Sano" latitude="-3.216111" location="Rio Amazonas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-59.141944" municipality="Manaus" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAC58F9F34E5EF9D6" box="[615,774,1606,1628]" latitude="-59.141945" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-3.216111" municipality="Manaus" name="Rio Amazonas" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rio Amazonas</location>
, from 
<collectingMunicipality box="[179,260,1637,1659]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Manaus</collectingMunicipality>
to 
<locationDeviation box="[297,526,1637,1659]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<quantity box="[297,375,1637,1659]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
lower reaches
</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[538,656,1637,1659]" degrees="59.141944" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-59.141945">–59.141944</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[668,774,1637,1659]" degrees="3.216111" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-3.216111">–3.216111</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[120,236,1667,1689]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1987-08-08">
<collectingDate box="[120,236,1667,1689]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1987-08-08">08/08/1987</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[248,609,1667,1689]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[248,361,1667,1689]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tsugaru, S.</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName box="[415,542,1667,1689]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Yotaro Sano</collectorName>
B-769
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[624,669,1667,1689]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MO</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[681,720,1667,1689]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">NY</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1995-07-04" collectionCode="NY, SPF" collectorName="Adalardo- Oliveira, A." latitude="-1.570833" location="Ilha do Cantagalo" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.503887" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBACDDF9364C51F932" latitude="-61.503887" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-1.570833" name="Ilha do Cantagalo" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry box="[738,778,1667,1689]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ilha</collectingCountry>
do Cantagalo
</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[282,401,1698,1720]" degrees="61.503889" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-61.503887">–61.503889</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[418,524,1698,1720]" degrees="1.570833" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-1.570833">–1.570833</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[541,657,1698,1720]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1995-07-04">
<collectingDate box="[541,657,1698,1720]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1995-07-04">04/07/1995</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Adalardo- Oliveira, A.</collectorName>
2645
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[332,368,1728,1750]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">NY</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[387,431,1728,1750]" collectionName="SPF" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">SPF</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1987-08-15" collectionCode="NY" collectorName="Tsugaru, S. &amp; Yotaro Sano" latitude="-3.260278" location="Rio Solimoes" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-60.728058" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
Riverside and small islets of 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAE47F96A4C5DF97F" box="[120,261,1759,1781]" latitude="-60.728058" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="3.260278" name="Rio Solimoes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rio Solimões</location>
within 
<locationDeviation box="[353,748,1759,1781]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<quantity box="[353,436,1759,1781]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
upper-stream from Manaus
</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="60.728056" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-60.728058">– 60.728056</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[249,342,1789,1811]" degrees="3.260278" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="3.260278">3.260278</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[366,482,1789,1811]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1987-08-15">
<collectingDate box="[366,482,1789,1811]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1987-08-15">15/08/1987</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[505,631,1789,1811]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tsugaru, S.</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Yotaro Sano</collectorName>
B-1069
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[273,313,1820,1842]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">NY</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4022401309" collectingDate="1849-10" collectingDateMax="1849-11" collectingDateMin="1849-10" collectionCode="K, M, P" collectorName="Spruce, R. &amp; Spruce" latitude="-2.450070" location="Igarape" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.70684" municipality="Santarem" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[337,386,1820,1842]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingRegion box="[337,386,1820,1842]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pará</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingMunicipality box="[404,503,1820,1842]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Santarem</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAC38F8A94F0DF8B8" box="[519,597,1820,1842]" latitude="-54.70684" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-2.45007" municipality="Santarem" name="Igarape" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Para">Igarape</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAC5AF8A94D86F8DA" latitude="-54.70684" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-2.45007" municipality="Santarem" name="Ilha Grande de Santarum" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Para">
<collectingCountry box="[613,653,1820,1842]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ilha</collectingCountry>
Grande de Santarum
</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[240,358,1850,1872]" degrees="54.706840" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-54.70684">–54.706840</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[376,482,1850,1872]" degrees="2.450070" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-2.45007">–2.450070</geoCoordinate>
, –/10/1849 and –/11/1849, 
<emphasis box="[120,268,1881,1903]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[120,223,1881,1903]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Spruce, R.</collectorName>
441
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis box="[324,488,1881,1903]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[324,390,1881,1903]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Spruce</collectorName>
s.n., s.d.,
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[505,525,1881,1903]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">K</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[538,562,1881,1903]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[576,592,1881,1903]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4022401312" box="[613,906,170,1903]" collectingDate="1850-04" collectionCode="NY, P" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
– /04/1850(
<collectionCode box="[734,771,1881,1903]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">NY</collectionCode>
) 1849 (
<collectionCode box="[877,894,170,192]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1980-06-11" collectionCode="MO, NY, RB" collectorName="Davidson, C. &amp; Martinelli, G." country="United States of America" latitude="-1.812778" location="Lago Uraria" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-55.9025" municipality="Oriximina" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality box="[916,1024,170,192]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Oriximina</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAA31FF1F49D6FF4A" box="[1038,1166,170,192]" country="United States of America" latitude="-55.9025" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-1.812778" municipality="Oriximina" name="Lago Uraria" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lago Uraria</location>
, 
<locationDeviation box="[1181,1346,170,192]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">SW of Orixima</locationDeviation>
, 
<locationDeviation pageId="21" pageNumber="22">across Rio Trombetas</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[934,1035,201,223]" degrees="55.9025" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="5" value="-55.9025">– 55.9025</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1046,1152,201,223]" degrees="1.812778" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-1.812778">–1.812778</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1163,1280,201,223]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1980-06-11">
<collectingDate box="[1163,1280,201,223]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1980-06-11">11/06/1980</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[1291,1422,201,223]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Davidson, C.</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName box="[810,956,231,253]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Martinelli, G.</collectorName>
10241
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[1052,1097,231,253]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MO</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[1115,1149,231,253]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">NY</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[1167,1199,231,253]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">RB</collectionCode>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1217,1251,231,253]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">US</collectingCountry>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1948-01-01" collectionCode="IAN" collectorName="Black, G. A." location="Rio Cupari" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAAC2FF524820FF77" box="[1277,1400,231,253]" name="Rio Cupari" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rio Cupari</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBABB5FF524E2FFE96" name="Lago Curuca" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lago Curuca</location>
, 
<date box="[902,1018,262,284]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1948-01-01">
<collectingDate box="[902,1018,262,284]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1948-01-01">01/01/1948</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[1033,1254,262,284]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[1033,1162,262,284]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Black, G. A.</collectorName>
48-2223
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[1272,1322,262,284]" collectionName="IAN" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">IAN</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1948-01-02" collectionCode="IAN" collectorName="Black, G. A." location="Rio Cupari" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAB7EFEB348E0FE96" box="[1345,1464,262,284]" name="Rio Cupari" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rio Cupari</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAD15FE914EEFFEB0" box="[810,951,292,314]" name="Lago Curuca" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lago Curuca</location>
, 
<date box="[969,1085,292,314]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1948-01-02">
<collectingDate box="[969,1085,292,314]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1948-01-02">02/01/1948</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[1104,1335,292,314]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[1104,1240,292,314]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Black, G. A.</collectorName>
48-2253
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[1357,1407,292,314]" collectionName="IAN" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">IAN</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1948-01-02" collectionCode="IAN, NY, US" collectorName="Black, G. A." location="Rio Cupari" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBABA7FE914E2BFED3" name="Rio Cupari" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rio Cupari</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAD42FEF64979FED3" box="[893,1057,323,345]" name="Lago de Curuca" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lago de Curuca</location>
, 
<date box="[1067,1183,323,345]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1948-01-02">
<collectingDate box="[1067,1183,323,345]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1948-01-02">02/01/1948</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[1194,1402,323,345]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[1194,1315,323,345]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Black, G. A.</collectorName>
48-2254
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[1415,1463,323,345]" collectionName="IAN" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">IAN</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[810,844,353,375]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">NY</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[859,893,353,375]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry box="[859,893,353,375]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">US</collectingCountry>
</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1980-06-08" collectionCode="RB" collectorName="Martinelli, G." latitude="-1.803889" location="Rio Trombetas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-55.910278" municipality="Oriximina" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality box="[916,1024,353,375]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Oriximina</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAA2FFED449E8FEFD" box="[1040,1200,353,375]" latitude="-55.91028" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-1.803889" municipality="Oriximina" name="Rio Trombetas" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rio Trombetas</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAA80FED4481BFEFD" box="[1215,1347,353,375]" latitude="-55.91028" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-1.803889" municipality="Oriximina" name="Lago Ururia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lago Ururia</location>
, 
<locationDeviation pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<quantity box="[1362,1419,353,375]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
SW de Oriximina
</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[971,1090,384,406]" degrees="55.910278" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-55.91028">–55.910278</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1106,1212,384,406]" degrees="1.803889" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-1.803889">–1.803889</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1228,1344,384,406]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1980-06-08">
<collectingDate box="[1228,1344,384,406]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1980-06-08">08/06/1980</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Martinelli, G.</collectorName>
6945
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[910,945,414,436]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">RB</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1981-08-06" collectingDateMax="1981-08-08" collectingDateMin="1981-08-06" collectionCode="NY" collectorName="Jangoux, J. &amp; Riberio, B. G. S." latitude="-1.833333" location="Rio Curua" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-55.083333" municipality="Pacoval" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality box="[968,1048,414,436]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pacoval</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAA19FE2B49CEFE3E" box="[1062,1174,414,436]" latitude="-55.083332" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-1.833333" municipality="Pacoval" name="Rio Curua" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rio Curua</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1189,1308,414,436]" degrees="55.083333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-55.083332">–55.083333</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1322,1428,414,436]" degrees="1.833333" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-1.833333">–1.833333</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1981-08-06" valueMax="1981-08-08" valueMin="1981-08-06">
<collectingDate pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1981-08-06" valueMax="1981-08-08" valueMin="1981-08-06">6– 8/08/1981</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[923,1295,445,467]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[923,1033,445,467]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Jangoux, J.</collectorName>
, and 
<collectorName box="[1085,1242,445,467]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Riberio, B. G. S.</collectorName>
1647
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[1309,1349,445,467]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">NY</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1938-12-25" collectionCode="RB" location="Markgraf" municipality="Santarem" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality box="[1365,1464,445,467]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Santarem</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<date box="[810,926,476,498]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1938-12-25">
<collectingDate box="[810,926,476,498]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1938-12-25">25/12/1938</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[938,1088,476,498]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAD95FE69495FFE78" box="[938,1031,476,498]" municipality="Santarem" name="Markgraf" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Markgraf</location>
3873
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[1104,1139,476,498]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">RB</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2011-07-17" collectionCode="HUEFS" collectorName="Lima, C. T." latitude="-2.011944" location="Rio Gubatuba" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-55.91028" municipality="Monte Alegre" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality box="[1160,1305,476,498]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Monte Alegre</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAB1AFE6948E0FE78" box="[1317,1464,476,498]" latitude="-54.04333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-2.011944" municipality="Monte Alegre" name="Rio Gubatuba" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rio Gubatuba</location>
, 
<locationDeviation box="[810,1074,506,528]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">proximo a vila Pare Sol</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1091,1209,506,528]" degrees="54.043333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-54.04333">–54.043333</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1225,1332,506,528]" degrees="2.011944" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-2.011944">–2.011944</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1348,1464,506,528]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2011-07-17">
<collectingDate box="[1348,1464,506,528]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2011-07-17">17/07/2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[810,979,537,559]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[810,933,537,559]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lima, C. T.</collectorName>
503
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[997,1080,537,559]" collectionName="HUEFS" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">HUEFS</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1981-08-06" collectingDateMax="1981-08-08" collectingDateMin="1981-08-06" latitude="-1.833333" location="Rio Curua" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-55.083332" municipality="Pacoval" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality box="[1102,1182,537,559]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pacoval</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAA94FDAC4843FDA5" box="[1195,1307,537,559]" latitude="-55.083332" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-1.833333" municipality="Pacoval" name="Rio Curua" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rio Curua</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1322,1441,537,559]" degrees="55.083333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-55.083332">–55.083333</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.833333" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-1.833333">– 1.833333</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[922,1052,567,589]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1981-08-06" valueMax="1981-08-08" valueMin="1981-08-06">
<collectingDate box="[922,1052,567,589]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1981-08-06" valueMax="1981-08-08" valueMin="1981-08-06">6–8/08/1981</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-03-28" collectionCode="RB" collectorName="Martinelli, G. &amp; Moraes, M. A. &amp; Benevides, P. &amp; Forzza, R. C. &amp; Nadruz, M. &amp; Gallucci, S. &amp; Costa, D." latitude="-1.158333" location="Rio Branco" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-61.8525" municipality="Rorainopolis" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Roraima">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1071,1170,567,589]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingRegion box="[1071,1166,567,589]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Roraima</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality box="[1185,1319,567,589]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rorainopolis</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAB05FD8248E0FDC7" box="[1338,1464,567,589]" latitude="-61.8525" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-1.158333" municipality="Rorainopolis" name="Rio Branco" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Roraima">Rio Branco</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAD15FDE34EBEFDE6" box="[810,998,598,620]" latitude="-61.8525" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-1.158333" municipality="Rorainopolis" name="Lago do Pirarucu" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Roraima">Lago do Pirarucu</location>
, 
<locationDeviation box="[1013,1440,598,620]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<quantity box="[1013,1081,598,620]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
antes da boca com o Rio Negro
</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="61.8525" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="5" value="-61.8525">– 61.8525</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[904,1010,628,650]" degrees="1.158333" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-1.158333">–1.158333</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1024,1141,628,650]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2012-03-28">
<collectingDate box="[1024,1141,628,650]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2012-03-28">28/03/2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[1154,1297,628,650]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Martinelli, G.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[1311,1463,628,650]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Moraes, M. A.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[810,946,659,681]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Benevides, P.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[958,1096,659,681]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Forzza, R. C.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[1109,1230,659,681]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Nadruz, M.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[1243,1360,659,681]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Gallucci, S.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[1373,1468,659,681]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Costa, D.</collectorName>
17700
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[883,919,689,711]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">RB</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-01-28" collectingDateMax="2002-07-28" collectingDateMin="2002-01-28" collectionCode="K" collectorName="Plowman, T. &amp; Lockwood, T. &amp; Kennedy, H. &amp; Schultes, R. E." country="Colombia" latitude="-4.05944" location="below Quebrada de Arara" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.06528" municipality="Leticia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
<collectingCountry box="[934,1069,689,711]" name="Colombia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1077,1188,689,711]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingRegion box="[1077,1188,689,711]" country="Colombia" name="Amazonas" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingMunicipality box="[1191,1264,689,711]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Leticia</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAAC7FD044E3FFD6C" country="Colombia" latitude="-70.06528" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-4.05944" municipality="Leticia" name="below Quebrada de Arara" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Amazonas">below Quebrada de Arara</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[882,1001,720,742]" degrees="70.065278" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-70.06528">–70.065278</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1012,1106,720,742]" degrees="4.05944" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-4.05944">–4.05944</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1118,1263,720,742]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2002-01-28" valueMax="2002-07-28" valueMin="2002-01-28">
<collectingDate box="[1118,1263,720,742]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2002-01-28" valueMax="2002-07-28" valueMin="2002-01-28">28/01 – 07/02</collectingDate>
</date>
/1969, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[1332,1464,720,742]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Plowman, T.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[810,948,751,773]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lockwood, T.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[960,1090,751,773]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Kennedy, H.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[1101,1246,751,773]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Schultes, R. E.</collectorName>
2313
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[1318,1339,751,773]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">K</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4022401306" collectingDate="1988-09-27" collectionCode="K" collectorName="Maas, P. J. M. &amp; Lall, H. &amp; Welle, B. J. H. &amp; Westra, L. Y." country="Guyana" latitude="-4.394033" location="Rupununi River" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-58.2778" municipality="Karanambo" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo">
<collectingCountry box="[1359,1465,751,773]" name="Guyana" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">GUYANA</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[810,896,781,803]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry box="[810,892,781,803]" name="Guyana" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Berbice</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[910,988,781,803]" name="Guyana" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Berbice</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1006,1100,781,803]" degrees="58.2778" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="5" value="-58.2778">–58.2778</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1118,1211,781,803]" degrees="4.394033" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="4.394033">4.394033</geoCoordinate>
, 1837, 
<emphasis box="[1296,1468,781,803]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Schomburgk s.n.</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[818,839,812,834]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">K</collectionCode>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[861,1209,811,833]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingRegion box="[861,1209,811,833]" country="Guyana" name="Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingMunicipality box="[1227,1349,812,834]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Karanambo</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAB6BFC994E39FCEA" country="Guyana" latitude="-58.2778" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="4.394033" municipality="Karanambo" name="Rupununi River" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo">Rupununi River</location>
, –59.3, –3.75, 
<date box="[1004,1121,842,864]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1988-09-27">
<collectingDate box="[1004,1121,842,864]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1988-09-27">27/09/1988</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[1129,1268,842,864]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Maas, P. J. M.</collectorName>
, Koek-N, J., 
<collectorName box="[1388,1464,842,864]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lall, H.</collectorName>
, ter 
<collectorName box="[843,985,873,895]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Welle, B. J. H.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[994,1124,873,895]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Westra, L. Y.</collectorName>
7727
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[1193,1214,873,895]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">K</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1977-03-15" collectionCode="MO" collectorName="Gentry, A. &amp; Daly, D." country="Peru" latitude="-4.103611" location="East of Puerto Alegria" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-70.0625" municipality="Maynas" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry box="[1231,1296,873,895]" name="Peru" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">PERU</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1305,1393,873,895]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingMunicipality box="[1305,1389,873,895]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Maynas</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAB48FCDC4E99FC17" country="Peru" latitude="-70.0625" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-4.103611" municipality="Maynas" name="East of Puerto Alegria" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">East of Puerto Alegria</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[971,1065,903,925]" degrees="70.0625" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="5" value="-70.0625">–70.0625</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1075,1181,903,925]" degrees="4.103611" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-4.103611">–4.103611</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1192,1307,903,925]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1977-03-15">
<collectingDate box="[1192,1307,903,925]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1977-03-15">15/03/1977</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[1318,1423,903,925]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Gentry, A.</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName box="[810,897,934,956]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Daly, D.</collectorName>
18351
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[981,1027,934,956]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MO</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1982-12-21" collectionCode="MO" collectorName="Vasquez, R .. &amp; Grandez, C. &amp; N. Jaramillo, N." country="Iceland" latitude="-3.75" location="Cocha Paster" longitude="-76.166667" municipality="Padre" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry box="[1047,1082,934,956]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Isla</collectingCountry>
<collectingMunicipality box="[1090,1148,934,956]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Padre</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287DBFFFBFFCBAD77FF414980FBBC:8EC46016FFFDFFCBAAB3FC134841FC36" box="[1164,1305,934,956]" country="Iceland" municipality="Padre" name="Cocha Paster" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cocha Paster</location>
), 
<geoCoordinate box="[1324,1443,934,956]" degrees="76" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="-76.166667">–76.166667</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="-3.75">– 3.75</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[866,982,964,986]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1982-12-21">
<collectingDate box="[866,982,964,986]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1982-12-21">21/12/1982</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[993,1118,964,986]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Vasquez, R..</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[1130,1252,964,986]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Grandez, C.</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName box="[1306,1469,964,986]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">N. Jaramillo, N.</collectorName>
3684
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[874,920,995,1017]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MO</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1978-05-22" collectionCode="MO" collectorName="Gentry, A." latitude="-3.651944" location="Padre Isla in Rio Amazonas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-73.16361" municipality="Padre Isla in Rio Amazonas" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality box="[939,1230,995,1017]" latitude="-73.16361" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-3.651944" name="Padre Isla in Rio Amazonas" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Padre 
<collectingCountry box="[1005,1040,995,1017]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Isla</collectingCountry>
in Río Amazonas
</collectingMunicipality>
, and 
<locationDeviation pageId="21" pageNumber="22">in the cato below Iquitos</locationDeviation>
., 
<geoCoordinate box="[900,1018,1026,1048]" degrees="73.163611" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-73.16361">–73.163611</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1028,1135,1026,1048]" degrees="3.651944" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="-3.651944">–3.651944</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1144,1261,1026,1048]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1978-05-22">22/05/1978</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectorName box="[1270,1376,1026,1048]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Gentry, A.</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Jarmillo N.</collectingDate>
22133
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[913,959,1056,1078]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MO</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
See 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1015,1235,1056,1078]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Supplementary Data</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>