228 lines
29 KiB
XML
228 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="26057F033E0F181A83CA83D14C0855EC" ID-CLB-Dataset="31123" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4365.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d834dbd0-6d0a-44b6-a642-ac416eb9a9a6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1119197" ID-ZooBank="27B93F6C-55F8-40BB-A854-EB916E339D04" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1513752234029" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Thandar, Ahmed S." docDate="2017" docId="03B287CAAB568E14FF47FA16FB66FE19" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4365.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4365 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thyonina rasidae Thandar 2017, n.sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="417" masterDocId="FF8BFFB2AB508E1CFFD0FFCCFE33FFB4" masterDocTitle="Two new subfamilies, three new species and a new subspecies of dendrochirotid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="420" masterPageNumber="410" pageNumber="416" updateTime="1698510438216" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="A35AE6A1EA71B2D42E147D1ACF487EC9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5224FBD75774A6DB512785D82BE23655">
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<mods:title id="18A3F7815709ECFD44E5F648DDCE7716">Two new subfamilies, three new species and a new subspecies of dendrochirotid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="7B7EF45457BA74D704FE86900C88ADB6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="133FEE7058698F94BEB90319F6E8F456">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E28499D7A12B38BB3D7B1D3A6C9FF7D8">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="04B7BDB0072F4C6EB6ACD000D32CBC09">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="57666C1BF5B752E5AA258453C6AAE405">
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<mods:title id="390BD8271BACF252C47241A1E999E8EA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C1118614DC9F1E74C2C411D9221D1886">
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<mods:date id="7F2BF40DFB7CE24B5C54718EB0E48223">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0CB54A12BE81E0EB2DF51B709D3ED72B" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="3630A8E6DD08345DA3300BFD8CCC1BFA">2017-12-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="7B7E7D421806EE4FD9ACDA89DCA79123" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B9B1E10023328205565F295AC7BBE1D5">4365</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="84ADE6068A171B350B4FA4D27F0EE411" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="91F88129A988E9C87C0447FF1A253FDE">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3BB149E4ADF4AA39F0A32DE6B11FBCF7">410</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="8317B90CBCFBCE03CB6EED0C4CCD71EB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A6AFC994C0727DF78C27654B4A09A2AB" type="CLB-Dataset">31123</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="378ACCCE6D8F31FBAE46FB7113A5F6E9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4365.4.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="21233EA36F81EA922196CADDA3317214" type="GBIF-Dataset">d834dbd0-6d0a-44b6-a642-ac416eb9a9a6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3CA2C913F9786E32566E8FBFF780E040" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1E68F5B5472D8BBB99BF7CA376989949" type="Zenodo-Dep">1119197</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03B287CAAB568E14FF47FA16FB66FE19" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6028479" ID-GBIF-Taxon="139350585" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6028479" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287CAAB568E14FF47FA16FB66FE19" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287CAAB568E14FF47FA16FB66FE19" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="417" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">
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<subSubSection id="C3016557AB568E1AFF47FA16FEDFF9A0" pageId="6" pageNumber="416" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB568E1AFF47FA16FEDFF9A0" blockId="6.[151,414,1498,1556]" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB568E1AFF47FA16FF51FA47" ID-CoL="7C9FG" authority="Thandar, 2017" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,354,1498,1523]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="416" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rasidae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB568E1AFF47FA16FF51FA47" bold="true" box="[151,354,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">Thyonina rasidae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57B5AB568E1AFEB9FA17FFADFA46" box="[361,414,1499,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="416" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="13202A59AB568E1AFF47FA32FEDFF9A0" box="[151,236,1534,1556]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,1103,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,1103,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thyonina rasidae n. sp. A. Specimen entire (holotype,NHMUK 1883.4.19.7); B. Anal body wall plates; C. Body wall ossicles; D. Tube feet end-plate; E. Rods and rosettes from tentacles; F. Rods and rosettes from introvert; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal).(B–F drawn to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119203/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3016557AB568E1AFF47F9F6FA56F8FD" pageId="6" pageNumber="416" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB568E1AFF47F9F6FA56F8FD" blockId="6.[151,1436,1594,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">
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<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB568E1AFF47F9F6FF22F9E7" bold="true" box="[151,273,1594,1619]" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A strongly U-shaped species, up to
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<quantity id="4CE39B39AB568E1AFD78F9F6FCC4F9E6" box="[680,759,1594,1619]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="416" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
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in length along ventral surface; mouth surrounded by fringe of papillae. Colour off white in alcohol. Tentacles 10, ventral two reduced, others of unequal length. Tube feet short, scattered. Anal teeth absent, anal papillae present. Calcareous ring complex, radial and interradial plates short, faintly fused and weakly subdivided into few pieces of calcite; posterior processes of radial plates long, about thrice the length of ring, conspicuously subdivided. Polian vesicles four, one long, others diminutive; stone canal short, madreporite spherical. Body wall ossicles as smooth curved rods, 20–47 µm long, with dichotomously branched and/or perforated ends. Tube feet with similar rods, end-plates reduced. Introvert with closed mulberrylike rosettes. Tentacles with mulberry-like bodies and rods, of which some rosette-like.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3016557AB568E1AFF17F89FFC98F83B" pageId="6" pageNumber="416" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB568E1AFF17F89FFC98F83B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1594,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">
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<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB568E1AFF17F89FFF7DF8D8" bold="true" box="[199,334,1875,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">Etymology.</emphasis>
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This species is named after my dear wife Rasida for her patience and tolerance in allowing me to continue with my passion long after retirement.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3016557AB568E1AFF17F856FA18F862" pageId="6" pageNumber="416" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB568E1AFF17F856FB42F807" blockId="6.[151,1436,1594,2006]" box="[199,1393,1946,1971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">
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<materialsCitation id="3B733C81AB568E1AFF17F856FB42F807" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1795862890" box="[199,1393,1946,1971]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Pakistan" county="Karachi Museum" location="Kurrachee" municipality="Karachi" pageId="6" pageNumber="416" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB568E1AFF17F856FF08F807" bold="true" box="[199,315,1946,1971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">
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<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB568E1AFF17F856FF05F807" box="[199,310,1946,1971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="416" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED0AAE19AB568E1AFE92F857FF9FF806" box="[322,428,1947,1970]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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1883.4.19.7,
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<location id="8EC46007AB568E1AFD96F856FC88F807" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287CAAB568E14FF47FA16FB66FE19:8EC46007AB568E1AFD96F856FC88F807" box="[582,699,1946,1971]" country="Pakistan" county="Karachi Museum" municipality="Karachi" name="Kurrachee" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">Kurrachee</location>
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(colonial spelling of
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BC0ACA6AB568E1AFC7AF856FA34F807" box="[938,1031,1946,1971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">Karachi</collectingMunicipality>
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), ex
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<collectingCounty id="62C54E50AB568E1AFBEBF856FB33F806" box="[1083,1280,1946,1971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">Karachi Museum</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F30C764CAB568E1AFADBF856FB5DF807" box="[1291,1390,1946,1971]" name="Pakistan" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB568E1AFF17F871FA18F862" blockId="6.[151,1436,1594,2006]" box="[199,1067,1981,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">
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<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB568E1AFF17F871FF75F862" bold="true" box="[199,326,1981,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">
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<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB568E1AFF17F871FF72F862" box="[199,321,1981,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="416" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED0AAE19AB568E1AFE9CF872FF85F861" box="[332,438,1982,2005]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="6" pageNumber="416">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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1883.4.19.8-9. Same data as the
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<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB568E1AFCFAF871FDBCF862" box="[810,911,1981,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="416" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D1DFD55AB568E1AFC4AF872FA14F862" box="[922,1063,1981,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="416" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3016557AB578E1BFF17FF5BFB00FF60" pageId="7" pageNumber="417" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB578E1BFF17FF5BFB00FF60" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">
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||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB578E1BFF17FF5BFF6AFF04" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">Description.</emphasis>
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All three specimens U-shaped, mouth and anus terminal, level of mouth higher than that of anus, anal end attenuated. Length
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<quantity id="4CE39B39AB578E1BFE03FF77FC7DFF67" box="[467,590,187,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="39.5" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="28.0">28–51 mm</quantity>
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, mid-body width
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||
<quantity id="4CE39B39AB578E1BFCC5FF77FDB0FF67" box="[789,899,187,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 mm</quantity>
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. Skin thin, colour off white in alcohol.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3016557AB578E1BFF47FF37FA97FB96" pageId="7" pageNumber="417" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB578E1BFF47FF37FECDFEA0" blockId="7.[151,1437,251,1058]" box="[151,254,251,276]" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">
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<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB578E1BFF47FF37FECDFEA0" box="[151,254,251,276]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">Holotype</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB578E1BFF47FED3FF53FE70" blockId="7.[151,1437,251,1058]" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">
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Length
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<quantity id="4CE39B39AB578E1BFF21FED3FF77FE83" box="[241,324,287,312]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 mm</quantity>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13202A59AB578E1BFE87FED3FFE1FE8C" box="[343,466,287,312]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,1103,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,1103,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thyonina rasidae n. sp. A. Specimen entire (holotype,NHMUK 1883.4.19.7); B. Anal body wall plates; C. Body wall ossicles; D. Tube feet end-plate; E. Rods and rosettes from tentacles; F. Rods and rosettes from introvert; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal).(B–F drawn to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119203/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">Figure 3A</figureCitation>
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). Tentacles 10, white, bushy, in 8 + 2 arrangement, ventral two reduced, others of unequal length, longer ones occurring dorsally, decreasing in size ventrally. Tube feet short, well developed, scattered, longer and more numerous in ventral ambulacra, decreasing in size dorsally, suckers conspicuous. Mouth circular, surrounded by a fringe of papillae. Anal teeth absent but anal papillae present in pairs in the five radii surrounding anus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB578E1BFF17FE03FDAAFD6B" blockId="7.[151,1437,251,1058]" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">
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Calcareous ring complex (
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<figureCitation id="13202A59AB578E1BFDD7FE03FCB5FE5C" box="[519,646,463,488]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,1103,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,1103,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thyonina rasidae n. sp. A. Specimen entire (holotype,NHMUK 1883.4.19.7); B. Anal body wall plates; C. Body wall ossicles; D. Tube feet end-plate; E. Rods and rosettes from tentacles; F. Rods and rosettes from introvert; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal).(B–F drawn to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119203/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">Figure 3G</figureCitation>
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), radial and interradial plates short, faintly fused, plates weakly subdivided but subdivisions not obvious. Radial plates anteriorly bifid, but bifurcations not conspicuous; some radial plates somewhat incised posteriorly; posterior processes of radial plates arise at posterior border of the interradial plates; posterior processes long, about thrice the size of the ring itself, all conspicuously subdivided. Polian vesicles four, of variable length, longest one straight, tubular,
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||
<quantity id="4CE39B39AB578E1BFC4CFD91FDD8FDC0" box="[924,1003,605,629]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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in length, remaining three diminutive, dorsal in position, apparently arising at the same point as the stone canal. Stone canal short, thin, straight, embedded in dorsal mesentery; madreporite spherical. Longitudinal muscles unpaired; retractors arise from longitudinal muscles at about mid-body, dorsal ones more anteriorly.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB578E1BFF17FD25FA97FB96" blockId="7.[151,1437,251,1058]" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">
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Body wall ossicles comprise smooth, curved rods (
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<figureCitation id="13202A59AB578E1BFCCAFD25FDA2FCB6" box="[794,913,745,770]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,1103,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,1103,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thyonina rasidae n. sp. A. Specimen entire (holotype,NHMUK 1883.4.19.7); B. Anal body wall plates; C. Body wall ossicles; D. Tube feet end-plate; E. Rods and rosettes from tentacles; F. Rods and rosettes from introvert; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal).(B–F drawn to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119203/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">Figure 3C</figureCitation>
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) of two
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<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB578E1BFC2BFD26FA09FCB6" box="[1019,1082,746,770]" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">types</typeStatus>
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: delicate ones 20–47 µm long (mean 36 µm) with dichotomously branched and/or perforated ends; stouter rods with corrugated surface and also with perforated and/or branched ends, both
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<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB578E1BFD51FCFEFC8FFCFE" box="[641,700,818,842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">types</typeStatus>
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somewhat corroded, hence corrugation of the larger rods perhaps a result of corrosion. Anal region supported by fragmented, perforated plates on way to corrosion (
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<figureCitation id="13202A59AB578E1BFAC6FC99FBBDFCDA" box="[1302,1422,853,878]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,1103,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,1103,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thyonina rasidae n. sp. A. Specimen entire (holotype,NHMUK 1883.4.19.7); B. Anal body wall plates; C. Body wall ossicles; D. Tube feet end-plate; E. Rods and rosettes from tentacles; F. Rods and rosettes from introvert; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal).(B–F drawn to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119203/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">Figure 3B</figureCitation>
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). Other perforated plates in body wall are perhaps remains of tube feet end-plates but without any regular arrangement of holes. Tube feet supported by similar rods and reduced end-plates (
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<figureCitation id="13202A59AB578E1BFBE2FC51FA9BFC02" box="[1074,1192,925,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,1103,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,1103,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thyonina rasidae n. sp. A. Specimen entire (holotype,NHMUK 1883.4.19.7); B. Anal body wall plates; C. Body wall ossicles; D. Tube feet end-plate; E. Rods and rosettes from tentacles; F. Rods and rosettes from introvert; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal).(B–F drawn to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119203/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">Figure 3D</figureCitation>
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), also without regular arrangement of holes and showing signs of corrosion. Introvert supported by closed, mulberry-like rosettes, 12–22 µm (mean 16 µm) and branched rods (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A59AB578E1BFD87FC29FCF8FC4A" box="[599,715,997,1022]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,1103,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,1103,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thyonina rasidae n. sp. A. Specimen entire (holotype,NHMUK 1883.4.19.7); B. Anal body wall plates; C. Body wall ossicles; D. Tube feet end-plate; E. Rods and rosettes from tentacles; F. Rods and rosettes from introvert; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal).(B–F drawn to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119203/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">Figure 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
) and tentacles by rods with few “branches”, thus appearing as open rosettes, as well as closed mulberry like rosettes, 11–29 µm (mean 17 µm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A59AB578E1BFBF3FBC5FAABFB96" box="[1059,1176,1033,1058]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,1103,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,1103,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thyonina rasidae n. sp. A. Specimen entire (holotype,NHMUK 1883.4.19.7); B. Anal body wall plates; C. Body wall ossicles; D. Tube feet end-plate; E. Rods and rosettes from tentacles; F. Rods and rosettes from introvert; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal).(B–F drawn to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119203/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">Figure 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF646654AB578E1BFF47F93DFC9AF8F0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119203/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="417" targetBox="[151,1427,1103,1742]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB578E1BFF47F93DFC9AF8F0" blockId="7.[151,1436,1777,1860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB578E1BFF47F93DFF20F8B3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1777,1799]" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB578E1BFECAF93DFFFEF8B3" authority="Thandar, 2017" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2017" box="[282,461,1777,1799]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="417" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rasidae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB578E1BFECAF93DFFFEF8B3" box="[282,461,1777,1799]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">Thyonina rasidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57B5AB578E1BFE04F93EFC38F8B3" box="[468,523,1778,1799]" pageId="7" pageNumber="417" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A. Specimen entire (holotype,NHMUK 1883.4.19.7); B. Anal body wall plates; C. Body wall ossicles; D. Tube feet end-plate; E. Rods and rosettes from tentacles; F. Rods and rosettes from introvert; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal). (B–F drawn to same scale).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016557AB578E1BFF17F8BCFD94F83D" box="[199,935,1904,1929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="417" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB578E1BFF17F8BCFD94F83D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1904,2038]" box="[199,935,1904,1929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB578E1BFF17F8BCFF53F83D" bold="true" box="[199,352,1904,1929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from Karachi,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C764CAB578E1BFD4DF8BCFCCFF83D" box="[669,764,1904,1929]" name="Pakistan" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Arabian Sea).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016557AB578E14FF17F858FB66FE19" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="418" pageId="7" pageNumber="417" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB578E14FF17F858FB66FE19" blockId="7.[151,1436,1904,2038]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="418" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB578E1BFF17F858FF08F819" bold="true" box="[199,315,1940,1965]" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB578E1BFE91F858FC13F819" box="[321,544,1940,1965]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="417" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="articulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB578E1BFE91F858FC13F819" box="[321,544,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">Thyonina articulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C764CAB578E1BFDB4F858FCC0F819" box="[612,755,1940,1965]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DFF83EAB578E1BFDB4F858FC96F819" box="[612,677,1940,1965]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
Africa
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
was the only species in this genus, hence the genus was long thought to be monotypic and endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C764CAB578E1BFDB9F874FCCEF865" box="[617,765,1976,2001]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DFF83EAB578E1BFDB9F874FC99F865" box="[617,682,1976,2001]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
Africa
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The presence now of a similar but not identical form from Karachi,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C764CAB578E1BFF2DF811FF6FF842" box="[253,348,2013,2038]" name="Pakistan" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB578E1BFEBCF812FFE8F842" authority="Thandar, 2017" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2017" box="[364,475,2013,2038]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="417" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rasidae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB578E1BFEBCF812FFE8F842" box="[364,475,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">T. rasidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57B5AB578E1BFE32F812FC13F841" box="[482,544,2013,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="417" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
), and another form (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB578E1BFCD5F812FD67F842" authority="Thandar, 2017" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2017" box="[773,852,2013,2038]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="417" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bijui" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB578E1BFCD5F812FD67F842" box="[773,852,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">T. bijui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57B5AB578E1BFC8BF812FDA4F841" box="[859,919,2013,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="417" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) with similar ossicles from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DFF83EAB578E1BFB1FF811FB2FF842" box="[1231,1308,2013,2038]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C764CAB578E1BFAF7F811FB50F842" box="[1319,1379,2013,2038]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="417">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, also in the Arabian Sea, described above, confirms that the genus is not monotypic after all. The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C764CAB588E14FB47FF5BFAC5FF04" box="[1175,1270,151,176]" name="Pakistan" pageId="8" pageNumber="418">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
species differs from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DFF83EAB588E14FF2FFF70FF73FF61" box="[255,320,188,213]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="8" pageNumber="418">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB588E14FE75FF71FC1CFF61" box="[421,559,188,213]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="418" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="articulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB588E14FE75FF71FC1CFF61" box="[421,559,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="418">T. articulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
not only in the form of the body and the size and form of the body wall rods, but also in the tentacle and introvert deposits and tube feet end-plates. The tentacle deposits in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DFF83EAB588E14FB2DFF13FB0DFF4C" box="[1277,1342,223,248]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="8" pageNumber="418">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
African species comprise plates only, compared to rods and rosettes in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C764CAB588E14FCABFEC8FDE9FEA9" box="[891,986,260,285]" name="Pakistan" pageId="8" pageNumber="418">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DFF83EAB588E14FBC0FEC8FA68FEA9" box="[1040,1115,260,285]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="8" pageNumber="418">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
forms. The end-plates of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DFF83EAB588E14FF47FEEBFEEBFEF4" box="[151,216,295,320]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="8" pageNumber="418">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
African form and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB588E14FE62FEE5FC37FEF4" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2017" box="[434,516,295,320]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="418" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bijui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB588E14FE62FEE5FC37FEF4" box="[434,516,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="418">T. bijui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very characteristic with minute medial holes surrounded by a ring of larger holes outside these. However, these deposits in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB588E14FD66FE81FD14FED1" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2017" box="[694,807,332,357]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="418" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rasidae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB588E14FD66FE81FD14FED1" box="[694,807,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="418">T. rasidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although somewhat corroded show no signs of clearly differentiated holes with regular arrangement. The calcareous ring is also quite different with the new species not showing as much fragmentation of plates as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB588E14FD63FE59FCD0FE19" box="[691,739,405,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="418">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB588E14FCA1FE59FD8CFE19" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2017" box="[881,959,404,429]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="418" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bijui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB588E14FCA1FE59FD8CFE19" box="[881,959,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="418">T. bijui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the processes are much longer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |