574 lines
69 KiB
XML
574 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document id="B83FDE331D5C6A4C88CCA96DBB9DD396" ID-CLB-Dataset="3292" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5071.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="15c88b50-3c7a-48c4-981d-6d9239529e04" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5723542" ID-ZooBank="2D907411-3227-409E-B644-2FB86937D2FF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1637744198823" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhang, Ningning, Yin, Shi, Carreno, Ramon A. & Zhang, Luping" docDate="2021" docId="03B287BFFFC9FFF70FDE7F62FD7CFEFA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5071.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5071 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parakongonema sinica Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang 2021, gen. n. et sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="8DE05466-52E8-434F-9857-57F84C3EF410" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="218" masterDocId="FF8BFFC7FFCFFFFB0F497A64FFDAFF9F" masterDocTitle="Three new genera and new species of hystrignathid nematodes (Nematoda: Thelastomatoidea) from passalid beetles (Insecta: Passalidae) from Yunnan Province, China with phylogenetic analysis of Hystrignathidae" masterLastPageNumber="222" masterPageNumber="206" pageNumber="212" updateTime="1699469868955" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E070A19931076C9F3E15B6B7E5088365">Three new genera and new species of hystrignathid nematodes (Nematoda: Thelastomatoidea) from passalid beetles (Insecta: Passalidae) from Yunnan Province, China with phylogenetic analysis of Hystrignathidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7C2C5F38EB1549AD3C55F7BA36409210" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5C620C7946DED987BD8208154193F114">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="93A47E79904A1FC9583F82BC01D53771">Zhang, Ningning</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B29E9AB8721BC89697FA410F3E61DEDC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="51BF86DA4F096B045F371F1A9A846121">Yin, Shi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="22BB73FAB3DC10DC57A4858F8811B18A">Carreno, Ramon A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4A441FF5137771538DC858F7BB21BCD1">Zhang, Luping</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="57FCBDDD0FB9908A27E844FE1A3E817D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A97D9D0D6781D541FB44B41D1006EDE1">
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<mods:date id="70FB250F929CA8981DF3EE56972E284B">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="80C226D7C7C0BA6C91ADC2E261005CBD">2021-11-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F4FBC68471A702794D3C44E1EAD84E59">5071</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B287BFFFC9FFF70FDE7F62FD7CFEFA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5773159" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190866177" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5773159" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8DE05466-52E8-434F-9857-57F84C3EF410" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287BFFFC9FFF70FDE7F62FD7CFEFA" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
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<subSubSection id="C3016522FFC9FFFD0FDE7F62FDAAFABF" box="[151,624,1286,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC9FFFD0FDE7F62FDAAFABF" blockId="6.[151,624,1286,1348]" box="[151,624,1286,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
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<heading id="D0EC81C5FFC9FFFD0FDE7F62FDAAFABF" bold="true" box="[151,624,1286,1313]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0FDE7F62FDAAFABF" bold="true" box="[151,624,1286,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC9FFFD0FDE7F62FE75FABF" ID-CoL="8TYZ6" authority="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang, 2021" authorityName="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,431,1286,1313]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Parakongonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sinica" status="gen. n. et sp. n.">
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||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0FDE7F62FE75FABF" bold="true" box="[151,431,1286,1313]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">Parakongonema sinica</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57C0FFC9FFFD0EFF7F62FDAAFABF" box="[438,624,1286,1312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" rank="species">gen. n. et sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3016522FFC9FFFD0FDE7F4EFED5FADB" box="[151,271,1322,1348]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC9FFFD0FDE7F4EFED5FADB" blockId="6.[151,624,1286,1348]" box="[151,271,1322,1348]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
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<heading id="D0EC81C5FFC9FFFD0FDE7F4EFED5FADB" bold="true" box="[151,271,1322,1348]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0FDE7F4EFED5FADB" bold="true" box="[151,271,1322,1348]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13202A2CFFC9FFFD0FD67F4EFEDCFADB" box="[159,262,1322,1348]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGUR 4" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,233,1150,1174]" captionTargetBox-0="[293,1293,193,1908]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,201,1127]" captionTargetId-0="figure-23@7.[277,1310,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@8.[151,1436,201,1127]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Parakongonema sinica gen. n. et sp. n. Female. A: Whole body, lateral view; B: Anterior part of body, lateral view; C: Cephalic end of body, lateral view (reconstructed from SEM images); D: posterior end of body, ventral view, showing the lateral alae; E: egg. scale bars: A, B, D = 100 μm, C, E = 50 μm." captionText-1="FIGUR 4. Parakongonema sinica gen. n. et sp. n. Female. SEM images.A: Whole body, lateral view, showing a lateral ala; B: Cephalic end, subapical view, showing cephalic papillae (cp) and amphids (am); C: Anterior part of body, ventral view, showing beginning of lateral alae and excretory pore (ep); D: Enlarged image of excretory pore; E: Posterior end of body" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723548" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5729452" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5723548/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5729452/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">Figs. 3-4</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3016522FFC9FFFD0FDE7F16FD3FFA2E" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC9FFFD0FDE7F16FDACFA12" blockId="6.[151,1436,1394,1853]" box="[151,630,1394,1421]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
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||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0FDE7F16FECBFA13" bold="true" box="[151,273,1394,1421]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
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||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0FDE7F16FEDDFA12" bold="true" box="[151,263,1394,1421]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">Type-host</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC9FFFD0E517F17FDA8FA12" authority="(Burmeister)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[280,626,1394,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Passalidae" genus="Aceraius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0E517F17FE03FA13" box="[280,473,1394,1421]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">Aceraius grandis</emphasis>
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||
(Burmeister)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC9FFFD0F8E7FF2FD3FFA2E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1394,1853]" box="[199,741,1430,1457]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
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||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0F8E7FF2FE97FA2F" bold="true" box="[199,333,1430,1457]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
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||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0F8E7FF2FE99FA2E" bold="true" box="[199,323,1430,1457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">Other-host</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC9FFFD0E1D7FF3FD3FFA2E" authority="(Westwood)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[340,741,1430,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Passalidae" genus="Ceracupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fronticornis">
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||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0E1D7FF3FD8CFA2F" box="[340,598,1430,1457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">Ceracupes fronticornis</emphasis>
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||
(Westwood)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3016522FFC9FFFD0F8E7FDEFAA1FA67" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC9FFFD0F8E7FDEFAD8FA4A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1394,1853]" box="[199,1282,1466,1493]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
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||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0F8E7FDEFEBEFA4B" bold="true" box="[199,356,1466,1493]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
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||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0F8E7FDEFE81FA4A" bold="true" box="[199,347,1466,1493]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">Type-locality</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B733CF4FFC9FFFD0E257FDEFB24FA4A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3412161301" box="[364,1278,1466,1493]" country="China" latitude="24.615278" location="Tongbiguan Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="97.66361" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
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||
<location id="8EC46072FFC9FFFD0E257FDEFD72FA4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287BFFFC9FFF70FDE7F62FD7CFEFA:8EC46072FFC9FFFD0E257FDEFD72FA4A" box="[364,680,1466,1493]" country="China" latitude="97.66361" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="24.615278" name="Tongbiguan Nature Reserve" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" stateProvince="Yunnan">Tongbiguan Nature Reserve</location>
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||
,
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<collectingRegion id="49DFF84BFFC9FFFD0DFB7FDFFCAFFA4B" box="[690,885,1466,1493]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F30C7639FFC9FFFD0CC97FDEFC19FA4B" box="[896,963,1466,1492]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F506EFFC9FFFD0C9A7FDEFB85FA4B" box="[979,1119,1466,1492]" degrees="97" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" precision="15" seconds="49" value="97.66361">97°39’49”N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2F506EFFC9FFFD0B227FDEFB2FFA4A" box="[1131,1269,1466,1493]" degrees="24" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" precision="15" seconds="55" value="24.615278">24°36’55”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC9FFFD0F8E7FBAFAA1FA67" blockId="6.[151,1436,1394,1853]" box="[199,1403,1502,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0F8E7FBAFEABFA67" bold="true" box="[199,369,1502,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0F8E7FBAFEB2FA66" bold="true" box="[199,360,1502,1529]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">Type-material</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B733CF4FFC9FFFD0E317FBAFCF8FA67" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3412161302" box="[376,802,1502,1528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" specimenCode="HBNU-I-2021033" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0880BFFC9FFFD0E317FBAFE3AFA67" box="[376,480,1502,1528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1DFD20FFC9FFFD0EAE7FBAFDE9FA67" box="[487,563,1502,1528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" type="female">female</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBD9ED2FFC9FFFD0D0B7FBAFCCCFA67" box="[578,790,1502,1528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">HBNU-I-2021033</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B733CF4FFC9FFFD0C607FBBFAA1FA67" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3412161305" box="[809,1403,1502,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" specimenCount-female="11" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0880BFFC9FFFD0C607FBBFC43FA66" box="[809,921,1503,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1DFD20FFC9FFFD0CEA7FBAFBC6FA67" box="[931,1052,1502,1528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" type="female">11 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(HBNU-I-2021034–2021044).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016522FFC9FFFD0F8E7C66FE66F933" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC9FFFD0F8E7C66FE35F9DE" blockId="6.[151,1436,1394,1853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0F8E7C66FE8AF983" bold="true" box="[199,336,1538,1565]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0F8E7C66FE9CF982" bold="true" box="[199,326,1538,1565]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">Prevalence</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC9FFFD0E347C67FDE7F983" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[381,573,1538,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Passalidae" genus="Aceraius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0E347C67FDE7F983" box="[381,573,1538,1565]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">Aceraius grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 75 % (12 infected out of 16 examined); ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC9FFFD0B657C67FAF4F983" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1068,1326,1538,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Passalidae" genus="Ceracupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fronticornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0B657C67FAF4F983" box="[1068,1326,1538,1565]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">Ceracupes fronticornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 2.6 % (3 infected out of 115 examined).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC9FFFD0F8E7C2EFECEF917" blockId="6.[151,1436,1394,1853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0F8E7C2EFEEFF9FB" bold="true" box="[199,309,1610,1636]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0F8E7C2EFEF6F9FB" bold="true" box="[199,300,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">Intensity</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC9FFFD0E3F7C2FFD9BF9FB" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[374,577,1610,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Passalidae" genus="Aceraius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0E3F7C2FFD9BF9FB" box="[374,577,1610,1637]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">Aceraius grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 2-13 (mean 6) specimens; ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC9FFFD0C9D7C2FFB05F9FB" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[980,1247,1610,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Passalidae" genus="Ceracupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fronticornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0C9D7C2FFB05F9FB" box="[980,1247,1610,1637]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">Ceracupes fronticornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 1-6 (mean 4) specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC9FFFD0F8E7CF6FE66F933" blockId="6.[151,1436,1394,1853]" box="[199,444,1682,1709]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0F8E7CF6FE8BF933" bold="true" box="[199,337,1682,1709]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0F8E7CF6FE92F932" bold="true" box="[199,328,1682,1709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC9FFFD0F8E7CF6FF29F933" box="[199,243,1682,1708]" class="Bacteroidia" family="Flavobacteriaceae" genus="Site" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Flavobacteriales" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" phylum="Bacteroidota" rank="genus">Site</taxonomicName>
|
||
in host
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Hindgut.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016522FFC9FFFD0F8E7CD2FE6AF887" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC9FFFD0F8E7CD2FE6AF887" blockId="6.[151,1436,1394,1853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0F8E7CD2FDEEF94E" bold="true" box="[199,564,1718,1745]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">Representative DNA sequences</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B733CF4FFC9FFFD0D0F7CD3FE6AF887" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413100304" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Two partial 28S and one partial 18S rDNA sequences of the new species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC9FFFD0F9F7CBFFE96F96B" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[214,332,1754,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Passalidae" genus="Aceraius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0F9F7CBFFE96F96B" box="[214,332,1754,1781]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">A. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are deposited in the GenBank database under the accession numbers
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9448AB4AFFC9FFFD0B287CBEFB38F96A" box="[1121,1250,1754,1781]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ330359" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">MZ330359</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9448AB4AFFC9FFFD0BA77CBEFAB6F96B" box="[1262,1388,1754,1780]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ330363" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">MZ330363</accessionNumber>
|
||
and
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9448AB4AFFC9FFFD0FDE7C9AFEC2F887" box="[151,280,1790,1816]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ330360" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">MZ330360</accessionNumber>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016522FFC9FFFD0F8E7D46FC26F8A2" box="[199,1020,1826,1853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC9FFFD0F8E7D46FC26F8A2" blockId="6.[151,1436,1394,1853]" box="[199,1020,1826,1853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0F8E7D46FE91F8A3" bold="true" box="[199,331,1826,1853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC9FFFD0F8E7D46FE98F8A2" bold="true" box="[199,322,1826,1853]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="212">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet refers to its geographic location (China).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF646621FFC8FFFC0FDE7DF3FC90F867" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723548" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5723548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723548/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="213" startId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[293,1293,193,1908]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC8FFFC0FDE7DF3FC90F867" blockId="7.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC8FFFC0FDE7DF3FD1AF82F" bold="true" box="[151,704,1943,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="213">
|
||
FIGURE 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC8FFFC0E547DF3FDCAF830" authority="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang, 2021" authorityName="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[285,528,1943,1967]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Parakongonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="213" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sinica" status="gen. n. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC8FFFC0E547DF3FDCAF830" bold="true" box="[285,528,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="213">Parakongonema sinica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57C0FFC8FFFC0D517DFCFD1AF82F" box="[536,704,1944,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="213" rank="species">gen. n. et sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female. A: Whole body, lateral view; B: Anterior part of body, lateral view; C: Cephalic end of body, lateral view (reconstructed from SEM images); D: posterior end of body, ventral view, showing the lateral alae; E: egg. scale bars: A, B, D = 100 μm, C, E = 50 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF646621FFC7FFF30FDE7E1AFADDFB41" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5729452" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5729452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5729452/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="214" startId="8.[151,233,1150,1174]" targetBox="[151,1436,201,1127]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC7FFF30FDE7E1AFADDFB41" blockId="8.[151,1436,1150,1247]" pageId="8" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC7FFF30FDE7E1AFD41FB08" bold="true" box="[151,667,1150,1175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="214">
|
||
FIGUR 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC7FFF30E4E7E1AFE22FB09" authority="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang, 2021" authorityName="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[263,504,1150,1174]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Parakongonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="214" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sinica" status="gen. n. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC7FFF30E4E7E1AFE22FB09" bold="true" box="[263,504,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="214">Parakongonema sinica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57C0FFC7FFF30EB47E1BFD41FB08" box="[509,667,1151,1175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="214" rank="species">gen. n. et sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female. SEM images. A: Whole body, lateral view, showing a lateral ala; B: Cephalic end, subapical view, showing cephalic papillae (cp) and amphids (am); C: Anterior part of body, ventral view, showing beginning of lateral alae and excretory pore (ep); D: Enlarged image of excretory pore; E: Posterior end of body
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC7FFF30A417EA2FAD6FB41" blockId="8.[151,1436,1150,1247]" box="[1288,1292,1222,1246]" pageId="8" pageNumber="214">.</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016522FFC7FFF30F8E7F68FA87F8DC" pageId="8" pageNumber="214" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC7FFF30F8E7F68FA87F8DC" blockId="8.[151,1437,1292,1859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC7FFF30F8E7F68FE8EFAB8" bold="true" box="[199,340,1292,1319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC7FFF30F8E7F68FE97FAB9" bold="true" box="[199,333,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="214">Description</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female body comparatively large and robust, widening from base of first cephalic annule, with maximum body diameter near mid-body, and gradually tapering towards anus. Cervical cuticle unarmed, strongly annulated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A2CFFC7FFF30E5A7F31FE51FAF0" box="[275,395,1365,1391]" captionStart="FIGUR 4" captionStartId="8.[151,233,1150,1174]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,201,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,201,1127]" captionText="FIGUR 4. Parakongonema sinica gen. n. et sp. n. Female. SEM images.A: Whole body, lateral view, showing a lateral ala; B: Cephalic end, subapical view, showing cephalic papillae (cp) and amphids (am); C: Anterior part of body, ventral view, showing beginning of lateral alae and excretory pore (ep); D: Enlarged image of excretory pore; E: Posterior end of body" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5729452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5729452/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="214">Fig. 4B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rest of body with marked annuli decreasing their width towards level of anus. Subcuticular longitudinal striae present. Lateral alae originating from level of nerve ring and extending to level of anus. Lateral alae relatively narrower from nerve ring to base of bulb, becoming wider behind bulb base. Posterior ends of lateral alae rounded, forming short lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A2CFFC7FFF30D6F7FA5FD51FA44" box="[550,651,1473,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[293,1293,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-23@7.[277,1310,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parakongonema sinica gen. n. et sp. n. Female. A: Whole body, lateral view; B: Anterior part of body, lateral view; C: Cephalic end of body, lateral view (reconstructed from SEM images); D: posterior end of body, ventral view, showing the lateral alae; E: egg. scale bars: A, B, D = 100 μm, C, E = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723548/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="214">Figs. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A2CFFC7FFF30DD17FA5FD66FA44" box="[664,700,1473,1499]" captionStart="FIGUR 4" captionStartId="8.[151,233,1150,1174]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,201,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,201,1127]" captionText="FIGUR 4. Parakongonema sinica gen. n. et sp. n. Female. SEM images.A: Whole body, lateral view, showing a lateral ala; B: Cephalic end, subapical view, showing cephalic papillae (cp) and amphids (am); C: Anterior part of body, ventral view, showing beginning of lateral alae and excretory pore (ep); D: Enlarged image of excretory pore; E: Posterior end of body" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5729452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5729452/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="214">4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head well developed, bearing eight rounded papillae. Amphids pore-like, laterally situated. Oral opening triangular, surrounded by cuticular ring. Ring surrounded by cuticular flap (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A2CFFC7FFF30F9B7C6DFEF0F9BC" box="[210,298,1545,1571]" captionStart="FIGUR 4" captionStartId="8.[151,233,1150,1174]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,201,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,201,1127]" captionText="FIGUR 4. Parakongonema sinica gen. n. et sp. n. Female. SEM images.A: Whole body, lateral view, showing a lateral ala; B: Cephalic end, subapical view, showing cephalic papillae (cp) and amphids (am); C: Anterior part of body, ventral view, showing beginning of lateral alae and excretory pore (ep); D: Enlarged image of excretory pore; E: Posterior end of body" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5729452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5729452/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="214">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). First cephalic annule slightly inflated, about two head-lengths long. First cephalic annule cylindrical without subcuticular longitudinal striae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A2CFFC7FFF30D277C49FD0EF9D8" box="[622,724,1581,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[293,1293,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-23@7.[277,1310,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parakongonema sinica gen. n. et sp. n. Female. A: Whole body, lateral view; B: Anterior part of body, lateral view; C: Cephalic end of body, lateral view (reconstructed from SEM images); D: posterior end of body, ventral view, showing the lateral alae; E: egg. scale bars: A, B, D = 100 μm, C, E = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723548/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="214">Figs. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A2CFFC7FFF30DAD7C49FCD2F9D8" box="[740,776,1581,1607]" captionStart="FIGUR 4" captionStartId="8.[151,233,1150,1174]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,201,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,201,1127]" captionText="FIGUR 4. Parakongonema sinica gen. n. et sp. n. Female. SEM images.A: Whole body, lateral view, showing a lateral ala; B: Cephalic end, subapical view, showing cephalic papillae (cp) and amphids (am); C: Anterior part of body, ventral view, showing beginning of lateral alae and excretory pore (ep); D: Enlarged image of excretory pore; E: Posterior end of body" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5729452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5729452/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="214">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Stoma short, about 1.5 first cephalic annule lengths in diameter, surrounded by an oesophageal collar. Oesophagus consisting of a muscular, sub-cylindrical procorpus, very short isthmus, and spherical basal bulb with valve plate well developed. Intestine simple, sub-rectilinear, anterior portion slightly dilated. Nerve ring encircling procorpus at about mid-point of oesophagus. Excretory pore situated at about one body width posterior to basal bulb. Vulva located near mid-body. Vagina muscular, directed anteriorly. Didelphic-amphidelphic. Anterior ovary reflexed at about one half body width behind excretory pore, with posterior ovary reflexed at about one body width before the anus. Eggs ovoid, ornamented with rough longitudinal ridges on shell. Tail short, sharply attenuate, and filiform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A2CFFC7FFF30DFD7D4DFCCDF8DC" box="[692,791,1833,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[293,1293,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-23@7.[277,1310,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parakongonema sinica gen. n. et sp. n. Female. A: Whole body, lateral view; B: Anterior part of body, lateral view; C: Cephalic end of body, lateral view (reconstructed from SEM images); D: posterior end of body, ventral view, showing the lateral alae; E: egg. scale bars: A, B, D = 100 μm, C, E = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723548/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="214">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A2CFFC7FFF30C6D7D4DFC9DF8DC" box="[804,839,1833,1859]" captionStart="FIGUR 4" captionStartId="8.[151,233,1150,1174]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,201,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,201,1127]" captionText="FIGUR 4. Parakongonema sinica gen. n. et sp. n. Female. SEM images.A: Whole body, lateral view, showing a lateral ala; B: Cephalic end, subapical view, showing cephalic papillae (cp) and amphids (am); C: Anterior part of body, ventral view, showing beginning of lateral alae and excretory pore (ep); D: Enlarged image of excretory pore; E: Posterior end of body" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5729452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5729452/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="214">4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Male not observed. Measurements in Table II.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF646621FFC6FFF20FDE7AF3FBD9FF4C" ID-Table-UUID="DF646621FFC6FFF20FDE7AF3FBD9FF4C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF646621FFC6FFF20FDE7AF3FBD9FF4C" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" startId="9.[151,239,151,175]" targetBox="[163,1417,229,1359]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC6FFF20FDE7AF3FBD9FF4C" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20FDE7AF3FEC9FF30" bold="true" box="[151,275,151,175]" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">TABLE II.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC6FFF20EAD7AFCFD59FF30" authority="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang, 2021" authorityName="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[484,643,151,175]" class="Arachnida" family="Zoropsidae" genus="Huntia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morffei" status="gen. n. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20EAD7AFCFD59FF30" box="[484,643,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Huntia morffei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57C0FFC6FFF20DC27AFCFCEAFF30" box="[651,816,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" rank="species">gen. n. et sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC6FFF20C2F7AF3FB84FF30" authority="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang, 2021" authorityName="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[870,1118,151,175]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Parakongonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sinica" status="gen. n. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20C2F7AF3FB84FF30" box="[870,1118,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Parakongonema sinica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57C0FFC6FFF20B2C7AFCFAD1FF30" box="[1125,1291,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" rank="species">gen. n. et sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
All measurements are in micrometers as range values followed by mean values in parentheses
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC6FFF20B4A7ADFFBDDFF4C" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,212]" box="[1027,1031,187,211]" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<tableNote id="76FD3727FFC6FFF20B4A7ADFFBDDFF4C" box="[1027,1031,187,211]" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" targetBox="[163,1417,229,1359]" targetPageId="9">.</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC6FFF20E477A8CFAACFAD0" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<table id="F91BC409FFC600040FEA7A81FA53FAD0" box="[163,1417,229,1359]" gridcols="6" gridrows="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<tr id="352B34EBFFC600040FEA7A81FA53FE9F" box="[163,1417,229,256]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040FEA7A81FE13FE9F" box="[163,457,229,256]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20E477A8CFE87FE9F" bold="true" box="[270,349,232,256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Species</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040EAB7A81FCEAFE9F" box="[482,816,229,256]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20EAB7A8CFCEAFE9F" bold="true" box="[482,816,231,256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC6FFF20EAB7A8CFD50FF60" authority="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang, 2021" authorityName="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[482,650,231,256]" class="Arachnida" family="Zoropsidae" genus="Huntia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morfferi" status="gen. n. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20EAB7A8CFD50FF60" bold="true" box="[482,650,231,256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Huntia morfferi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57C0FFC6FFF20DD97A8CFCEAFE9F" box="[656,816,232,256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" rank="species">gen. n. et sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040C107A81FA53FE9F" box="[857,1417,229,256]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20CE87A81FAE3FF61" bold="true" box="[929,1337,229,254]" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC6FFF20CE87A81FB48FF62" authority="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang, 2021" authorityName="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[929,1170,229,253]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Parakongonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sinica" status="gen. n. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20CE87A81FB48FF62" bold="true" box="[929,1170,229,253]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Parakongonema sinica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57C0FFC6FFF20BD17A82FAE3FF61" box="[1176,1337,230,254]" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" rank="species">gen. n. et sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352B34EBFFC600040FEA7B6BFA53FECF" box="[163,1417,271,336]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040FEA7B6BFE13FECF" box="[163,457,271,336]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20FA87B74FE8FFECF" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Type specimens Hosts</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040EAB7B6BFCEAFECF" box="[482,816,271,336]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20EAA7B74FCDBFED0" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
Holotype Paratypes (n=9
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC6FFF20D587B53FCDBFED0" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[529,769,311,335]" class="Insecta" family="Passalidae" genus="Ceracupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fronticornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20D587B53FCDBFED0" bold="true" box="[529,769,311,335]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Ceracupes fronticornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040C107B6BFB7CFECF" box="[857,1190,271,336]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20C107B74FB8FFED0" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
Holotype Paratypes (n=8)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC6FFF20CEA7B53FB8FFED0" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[931,1109,311,335]" class="Insecta" family="Passalidae" genus="Aceraius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20CEA7B53FB8FFED0" bold="true" box="[931,1109,311,335]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Aceraius grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040B877B6BFA53FECF" box="[1230,1417,271,336]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20B9C7B74FAA2FED0" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
Paratypes (n=3)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC6FFF20B967B53FAA2FED0" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1247,1400,311,335]" class="Insecta" family="Passalidae" genus="Ceracupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fronticornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20B967B53FAA2FED0" bold="true" box="[1247,1400,311,335]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">C. fronticornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352B34EBFFC600040FEA7B04FA53FE6E" box="[163,1417,352,497]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040FEA7B04FE13FE6E" box="[163,457,352,497]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">a b c V</th>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040EAB7B04FDF4FE6E" box="[482,558,352,497]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">14 8.9 8.2 40</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040D227B04FCEAFE6E" box="[619,816,352,497]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">11.4–16.1 (13.1) 7.3–9.6 (8.7) 7.0–10.1 (8.5) 44–53 (47)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040C107B04FC7EFE6E" box="[857,932,352,497]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">8.6 6.2 7.2 52</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040CA27B04FB7CFE6E" box="[1003,1190,352,497]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">9.1–12.2 (10.7) 5.6–7.6 (6.7) 6.7–8.7 (7.5) 51–60 (55)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040B877B04FA53FE6E" box="[1230,1417,352,497]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">10.1–11.1 (10.4) 6.3–7.0 (6.5) 7.1–7.6 (7.3) 45–57 (51)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352B34EBFFC600040FEA7865FA53FD86" box="[163,1417,513,537]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040FEA7865FE13FD86" box="[163,457,513,537]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">V’</th>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040EAB7865FDF4FD86" box="[482,558,513,537]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">69</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040D227865FCEAFD86" box="[619,816,513,537]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">52–66 (60)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040C107865FC7EFD86" box="[857,932,513,537]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">60</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040CA27865FB7CFD86" box="[1003,1190,513,537]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">60–71 (64)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040B877865FA53FD86" box="[1230,1417,513,537]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">52–66 (59)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352B34EBFFC600040FEA784FFA53FDDC" box="[163,1417,555,579]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040FEA784FFE13FDDC" box="[163,457,555,579]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Total body length</th>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040EAB784FFDF4FDDC" box="[482,558,555,579]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">4537</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040D22784FFCEAFDDC" box="[619,816,555,579]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">3976–4930 (4399)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040C10784FFC7EFDDC" box="[857,932,555,579]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">2310</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040CA2784FFB7CFDDC" box="[1003,1190,555,579]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">2330–3030 (2598)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040B87784FFA53FDDC" box="[1230,1417,555,579]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">2340–2430 (2397)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352B34EBFFC600040FEA783CFA53FDEF" box="[163,1417,600,624]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040FEA783CFE13FDEF" box="[163,457,600,624]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Maximum body width</th>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040EAB783CFDF4FDEF" box="[482,558,600,624]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">324</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040D22783CFCEAFDEF" box="[619,816,600,624]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">256–401 (342)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040C10783CFC7EFDEF" box="[857,932,600,624]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">270</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040CA2783CFB7CFDEF" box="[1003,1190,600,624]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">200–290 (244)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040B87783CFA53FDEF" box="[1230,1417,600,624]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">220–240 (230)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352B34EBFFC600040FEA78E6FA53FD74" box="[163,1417,642,747]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040FEA78E6FE13FD74" box="[163,457,642,747]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Stoma length Head length Head width</th>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040EAB78E6FDF4FD74" box="[482,558,642,747]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">48 13 43</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040D2278E6FCEAFD74" box="[619,816,642,747]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">34–44 (40) 8–13 (12) 38–50 (42)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040C1078E6FC7EFD74" box="[857,932,642,747]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">28 8 28</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040CA278E6FB7CFD74" box="[1003,1190,642,747]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">28–38 (33) 8–13 (11) 28–38 (31)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040B8778E6FA53FD74" box="[1230,1417,642,747]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">25–35 (32) 8–13 (10) 23–38 (30)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352B34EBFFC600040FEA7899FA53FC89" box="[163,1417,765,790]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040FEA7899FE13FC89" box="[163,457,765,790]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">First cephalic annule length</th>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040EAB7899FDF4FC89" box="[482,558,765,790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">--</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040D227899FCEAFC89" box="[619,816,765,790]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">-------------</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040C107899FC7EFC89" box="[857,932,765,790]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">25</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040CA27899FB7CFC89" box="[1003,1190,765,790]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">18–25 (24)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040B877899FA53FC89" box="[1230,1417,765,790]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">20–23 (21)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352B34EBFFC600040FEA794EFA53FCDD" box="[163,1417,810,834]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040FEA794EFE13FCDD" box="[163,457,810,834]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">First cephalic annule width</th>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040EAB794EFDF4FCDD" box="[482,558,810,834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">--</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040D22794EFCEAFCDD" box="[619,816,810,834]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">-------------</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040C10794EFC7EFCDD" box="[857,932,810,834]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">50</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040CA2794EFB7CFCDD" box="[1003,1190,810,834]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">50–58 (55)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040B87794EFA53FCDD" box="[1230,1417,810,834]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">45–55 (51)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352B34EBFFC600040FEA7906FA53FCE4" box="[163,1417,866,891]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040FEA7906FE13FCE4" box="[163,457,866,891]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Total oesophagus length</th>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040EAB7906FDF4FCE4" box="[482,558,866,891]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">546</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040D227906FCEAFCE4" box="[619,816,866,891]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">449–570 (505)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040C107906FC7EFCE4" box="[857,932,866,891]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">372</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040CA27906FB7CFCE4" box="[1003,1190,866,891]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">371–435 (389)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040B877906FA53FCE4" box="[1230,1417,866,891]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">348–382 (367)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352B34EBFFC600040FEA79FEFA53FC2C" box="[163,1417,922,947]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040FEA79FEFE13FC2C" box="[163,457,922,947]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Procorpus length</th>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040EAB79FEFDF4FC2C" box="[482,558,922,947]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">377</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040D2279FEFCEAFC2C" box="[619,816,922,947]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">299–430 (376)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040C1079FEFC7EFC2C" box="[857,932,922,947]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">275</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040CA279FEFB7CFC2C" box="[1003,1190,922,947]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">261–304 (278)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040B8779FEFA53FC2C" box="[1230,1417,922,947]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">251–275 (267)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352B34EBFFC600040FEA79A3FA53FC40" box="[163,1417,967,991]" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040FEA79A3FE13FC40" box="[163,457,967,991]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Isthmus length</th>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040EAB79A3FDF4FC40" box="[482,558,967,991]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">48</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040D2279A3FCEAFC40" box="[619,816,967,991]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">19–48 (32)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040C1079A3FC7EFC40" box="[857,932,967,991]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">19</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040CA279A3FB7CFC40" box="[1003,1190,967,991]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">19–24 (21)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040B8779A3FA53FC40" box="[1230,1417,967,991]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">14–24 (19)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352B34EBFFC600040FEA7996FA53FBAD" box="[163,1417,1010,1074]" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040FEA7996FE13FBAD" box="[163,457,1010,1074]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Bulb length Bulb width</th>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040EAB7996FDF4FBAD" box="[482,558,1010,1074]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">87 106</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040D227996FCEAFBAD" box="[619,816,1010,1074]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">87–116 (98) 92–126 (112)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040C107996FC7EFBAD" box="[857,932,1010,1074]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">77 77</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040CA27996FB7CFBAD" box="[1003,1190,1010,1074]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">72–106 (90) 72–92 (83)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040B877996FA53FBAD" box="[1230,1417,1010,1074]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">72–82 (81) 72–77 (74)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352B34EBFFC600040FEA7E23FA53FBC0" box="[163,1417,1095,1119]" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040FEA7E23FE13FBC0" box="[163,457,1095,1119]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Nerve ring from anterior end</th>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040EAB7E23FDF4FBC0" box="[482,558,1095,1119]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">377</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040D227E23FCEAFBC0" box="[619,816,1095,1119]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">318–435 (388)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040C107E23FC7EFBC0" box="[857,932,1095,1119]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">179</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040CA27E23FB7CFBC0" box="[1003,1190,1095,1119]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">170–233 (209)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040B877E23FA53FBC0" box="[1230,1417,1095,1119]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">213–233 (219)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352B34EBFFC600040FEA7E10FA53FB35" box="[163,1417,1140,1194]" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040FEA7E10FE13FB35" box="[163,457,1140,1194]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Excretory pore from anterior end</th>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040EAB7E10FDF4FB35" box="[482,558,1140,1194]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">870</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040D227E10FCEAFB35" box="[619,816,1140,1194]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">749–1610 (1056)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040C107E10FC7EFB35" box="[857,932,1140,1194]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">610</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040CA27E10FB7CFB35" box="[1003,1190,1140,1194]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">465–760 (598)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040B877E10FA53FB35" box="[1230,1417,1140,1194]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">630–640 (635)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352B34EBFFC600040FEA7ED8FA53FB4B" box="[163,1417,1212,1236]" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040FEA7ED8FE13FB4B" box="[163,457,1212,1236]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Vulva from anterior end</th>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040EAB7ED8FDF4FB4B" box="[482,558,1212,1236]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">2529</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040D227ED8FCEAFB4B" box="[619,816,1212,1236]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">1856–2730 (2333)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040C107ED8FC7EFB4B" box="[857,932,1212,1236]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">1200</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040CA27ED8FB7CFB4B" box="[1003,1190,1212,1236]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">1240–1730 (1453)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040B877ED8FA53FB4B" box="[1230,1417,1212,1236]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">1100–1370 (1235)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352B34EBFFC600040FEA7E82FA53FAD0" box="[163,1417,1254,1359]" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<th id="76FA5D97FFC600040FEA7E82FE13FAD0" box="[163,457,1254,1359]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Egg length Egg width Tail</th>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040EAB7E82FDF4FAD0" box="[482,558,1254,1359]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">217 92 551</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040D227E82FCEAFAD0" box="[619,816,1254,1359]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">213–227 (220) 72–92 (87) 440–599 (524)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040C107E82FC7EFAD0" box="[857,932,1254,1359]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">150 63 320</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040CA27E82FB7CFAD0" box="[1003,1190,1254,1359]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">140–150 (144) 58–77 (76) 290–430 (351)</td>
|
||
<td id="76FA5D97FFC600040B877E82FA53FAD0" box="[1230,1417,1254,1359]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">135–140 (138) 58–72 (62) 320–330 (327)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016522FFC6FFF70F8E7F1DFD7CFEFA" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC6FFF20F8E7F1DFE2FFA43" blockId="9.[151,1437,1401,1643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20F8E7F1DFEEFFA0C" bold="true" box="[199,309,1401,1428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20F8E7F1DFEF4FA0B" bold="true" box="[199,302,1401,1428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC6FFF20E747F1DFE2CFA0C" authority="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang, 2021" authorityName="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[317,502,1401,1427]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Parakongonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20E747F1DFE2CFA0C" box="[317,502,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Parakongonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57C0FFC6FFF20EB47F1EFD90FA0B" box="[509,586,1402,1428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is similar to the following genera of hystrignathid nematodes by having an unarmed cervical cuticle, sub-cylindrical procorpus and didelphic reproductive system:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC6FFF20B3A7FF9FAC1FA28" authorityName="Cordeiro" authorityYear="1981" box="[1139,1307,1437,1463]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Anomalostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20B3A7FF9FAC1FA28" box="[1139,1307,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Anomalostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC6FFF20A627FFAFA4FFA27" authorityName="Morffe & Garcia" authorityYear="2011" box="[1323,1429,1438,1464]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Coynema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20A627FFAFA4FFA27" box="[1323,1429,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Coynema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC6FFF20FDE7FA6FEC4FA44" authorityName="Morffe & Garcia" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,286,1474,1499]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Kongonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20FDE7FA6FEC4FA44" box="[151,286,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Kongonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC6FFF20E1C7FA6FE79FA44" authority="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang, 2021" authorityName="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[341,419,1474,1499]" class="Arachnida" family="Zoropsidae" genus="Huntia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20E1C7FA6FE79FA44" box="[341,419,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Huntia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57C0FFC6FFF20EE37FA6FE2FFA43" box="[426,501,1474,1500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC6FFF20F8E7F81FE95F9F4" blockId="9.[151,1437,1401,1643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC6FFF20F8E7F81FEB5FA60" authorityName="Cordeiro" authorityYear="1981" box="[199,367,1509,1535]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Anomalostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20F8E7F81FEB5FA60" box="[199,367,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Anomalostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is different from the new genus by having the anterior part of stoma strongly swollen.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC6FFF20FDE7C6DFE8AF9BC" authority="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang, 2021" authorityName="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,336,1545,1571]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Parakongonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20FDE7C6DFE8AF9BC" box="[151,336,1545,1571]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Parakongonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57C0FFC6FFF20E1E7C6EFE79F9BB" box="[343,419,1546,1572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC6FFF20D7E7C6EFD7BF9BB" authorityName="Morffe & Garcia" authorityYear="2011" box="[567,673,1546,1572]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Coynema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="215" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC6FFF20D7E7C6EFD7BF9BB" box="[567,673,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="215">Coynema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a sub-cylindrical procorpus and the anterior region of the intestine slightly inflated rather than having a basal dilation of the procorpus and the anterior region of the intestine notably inflated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF646621FFC5FFF10FDE7DFDFA4AF868" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723550" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5723550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723550/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="216" startId="10.[151,248,1945,1967]" targetBox="[270,1319,191,1911]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC5FFF10FDE7DFDFA4AF868" blockId="10.[151,1424,1945,2039]" pageId="10" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC5FFF10FDE7DFDFCF4F830" bold="true" box="[151,814,1945,1967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="216">
|
||
FIGURE 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC5FFF10E517DFDFD53F830" authority="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang, 2021" authorityName="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[280,649,1945,1967]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Parahystrignathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="216" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tongbiguanensis" status="gen. n. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC5FFF10E517DFDFD53F830" bold="true" box="[280,649,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="216">Parahystrignathus tongbiguanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57C0FFC5FFF10DC67DFEFCF4F830" box="[655,814,1946,1967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="216" rank="species">gen. n. et sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female. A: Anterior part of body, lateral view; B: cephalic end, lateral view (reconstructed from SEM images); C: Whole body, lateral view; D: Posterior end of body, lateral view; E: Cephalic end,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC5FFF10E6E7D86FEB5F869" box="[295,367,2017,2039]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="216">en face</emphasis>
|
||
view (reconstructed from SEM images); F: egg. scale bars: A, C, D, F = 100 μm; B = 30 μm; E = 10 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF646621FFC4FFF00FDE7D44FB94F857" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723552" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5723552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5723552/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="217" startId="11.[151,250,1824,1848]" targetBox="[227,1360,198,1800]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC4FFF00FDE7D44FB94F857" blockId="11.[151,1437,1824,1993]" pageId="11" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC4FFF00FDE7D44FCE9F8A6" bold="true" box="[151,819,1824,1849]" pageId="11" pageNumber="217">
|
||
FIGURE 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC4FFF00E507D44FD57F8A7" authority="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang, 2021" authorityName="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[281,653,1824,1848]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Parahystrignathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="217" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tongbiguanensis" status="gen. n. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC4FFF00E507D44FD57F8A7" bold="true" box="[281,653,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="217">Parahystrignathus tongbiguanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57C0FFC4FFF00DDA7D45FCE9F8A6" box="[659,819,1825,1849]" pageId="11" pageNumber="217" rank="species">gen. n. et sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female. SEM images. A: Cephalic end of body; B: Enlarged spines; C: Cephalic end, subapical view; D, E: Cephalic end,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC4FFF00C467D21FC82F8C2" box="[783,856,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="217">en face</emphasis>
|
||
view, showing cephalic papillae (cp) and amphids (am); F: Vulval region, lateral view, showing the vulva and terminal part of spines; G: A part of body anterior to vulva, showing the posterior part of spines; H: A part of body at excretory pore region, showing the excretory pore and spines near the excretory pore; I: Enlarged image of excretory pore; J: Posterior end of body, showing the anus and tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436A9FFC3FFF70F8E7AF3FD7CFEFA" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="218">
|
||
The new genus is different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC3FFF70D077AF3FD0FFF2F" authorityName="Morffe & Garcia" authorityYear="2013" box="[590,725,151,176]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Kongonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="218" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC3FFF70D077AF3FD0FFF2F" box="[590,725,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="218">Kongonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the cephalic structure (first cephalic annule cylindrical in the former
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC3FFF70E5F7ADFFEF7FF4B" box="[278,301,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="218">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. conical in the latter).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC3FFF70D787ADFFD30FF4A" authority="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang, 2021" authorityName="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[561,746,187,213]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Parakongonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="218" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC3FFF70D787ADFFD30FF4A" box="[561,746,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="218">Parakongonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57C0FFC3FFF70DBB7ADFFCE5FF4A" box="[754,831,187,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="218" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC3FFF70C9E7ADFFBFFFF4B" authority="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang, 2021" authorityName="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[983,1061,187,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Zoropsidae" genus="Huntia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC3FFF70C9E7ADFFBFFFF4B" box="[983,1061,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="218">Huntia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57C0FFC3FFF70B647ADFFBA3FF4A" box="[1069,1145,187,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="218" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by the presence of a first cephalic annule instead of the absence of first cephalic annule. SEM observation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC3FFF70B787ABBFB54FF67" authority="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang, 2021" authorityName="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[1073,1166,223,248]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Parakongonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="218" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sinica" status="gen. n. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC3FFF70B787ABBFB54FF67" box="[1073,1166,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="218">P. sinica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57C0FFC3FFF70BDD7ABBFAE2FF66" box="[1172,1336,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="218" rank="species">gen. n. et sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
revealed the oral opening surrounded by a cuticular flap. This structure has not been observed on the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC3FFF70A627B67FA4FFE82" authorityName="Morffe & Garcia" authorityYear="2011" box="[1323,1429,259,285]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Coynema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="218" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC3FFF70A627B67FA4FFE82" box="[1323,1429,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="218">Coynema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC3FFF70FDE7B43FEC4FEDF" authorityName="Morffe & Garcia" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,286,295,320]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Kongonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="218" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC3FFF70FDE7B43FEC4FEDF" box="[151,286,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="218">Kongonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC3FFF70E2B7B43FE6AFEDF" authorityName="Zhang & Yin & Carreno & Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[354,432,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Zoropsidae" genus="Huntia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC3FFF70E2B7B43FE6AFEDF" box="[354,432,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="218">Huntia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by SEM observations. However, whether the flap of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D2AFFC3FFF70B687B43FAFFFEDE" box="[1057,1317,295,321]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Anomalostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="12" pageNumber="218" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEABBFFC3FFF70B687B43FB13FEDE" box="[1057,1225,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="218">Anomalostoma</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is present needs to be identified by the SEM observation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |