628 lines
73 KiB
XML
628 lines
73 KiB
XML
<document id="A1EC4EA61D853C8664499539B7CA8734" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5373241" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5373241" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630273372394" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Krassilov, Valentin A. & Golovneva, Lena B." docDate="2004" docId="03A98781EB6DFFC53F4FFA20C58FEEF9" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.2004.26.1.5-15.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 26 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA833BFD04EE0E3F39962C07E351CEA5.3:Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EA833BFD04EE0E3F39962C07E351CEA5" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Callicrypta chlamydea Krassilov & Golovneva 2004, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FF90FFF9EB68FFCC3C75FFCBC709EB5C" masterDocTitle="A minute mid-Cretaceous flower from Siberia and implications for the problem of basal angiosperms" masterLastPageNumber="15" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1699208290596" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:mods id="FB7FF1CE1BFA7CC4B73790EC064DC8AD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B9434AA1F0998F0C34C1971BF901243C">
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<mods:title id="6865E737302A4B1C84BF9997C46DC5F1">A minute mid-Cretaceous flower from Siberia and implications for the problem of basal angiosperms</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="EA4E9B61A834CCE753C9F111E8BA6891" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="E53E4BB51F105C60994BD9CE1A2F7F69">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D84C5D6DEE683F13F2CE6AD50679D978">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DEC0806125B6533EA6126214B2F397D6">Krassilov, Valentin A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F40904EA4988CA72B4D6205ACB4AEB7D">Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, 31905 (Israel) and Palaeontological Institute, 123 Profsojusnaya, Moscow 117647 (Russia) krassilo @ research. haifa. ac. il vkrassilov @ hotmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B6B9B399D39557F82E63F831FB36B0D5" type="email">vkrassilov@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3E5428EC4EF0AD87943A82EF5927A99D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CA810F53660C5C50F5BF1F1B09D0B8D5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="665F9D5E636A8E6401FEAAD80AAA99B2">Golovneva, Lena B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2E032226908B4B46E5F9E04BA212990F">Botanical Institute, 2 Popova, St. Petersburg (Russia) lena @ LG 1575. spb. edu ..</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D8AD7B4EC585A28ED5A9A7EFC59407B8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="5D4C60965137F40B5E59770DE22EC98A">
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<mods:title id="1CA4D4CAE775D206AC9C6813CEDE8E46">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="82E5C647676B1EAD1540AE39D1F1E26D">
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<mods:date id="84CDD6F65155A025E0725581F452E1B6">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="310668BCE9B70B6AA7CE69FA4FABA147" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2920279ECE58CB1A50EFBD49D8F942AE">26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="937C873405DD9DE772708C5140BD2A2E" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="EB74691B52CD06B36237A3CF3435B093">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="97FBC1F5A3D29F33E18D4B5971C14C8F">5</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="72BFDEF17E8E2A79A6EFC5D2DB109B21">15</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="BC7030D90FF4AA4517032409F02AE448">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4059014E62D3D1ACACFD1ED23C0E29F4" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5373241</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D44B121BD506AF22E98001AB0BB4C1E8" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5796171AE9588D587ACFCBE156F238C5" type="Zenodo-Dep">5373241</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03A98781EB6DFFC53F4FFA20C58FEEF9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A98781EB6DFFC53F4FFA20C58FEEF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A98781EB6DFFC53F4FFA20C58FEEF9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="C31A651CEB6DFFC93F4FFA20C300ED79" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBF3697EB6DFFC93F4FFA20C300ED79" blockId="5.[714,1247,1514,1668]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="D0F781FBEB6DFFC93F4FFA20C300ED79" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6DFFC93F4FFA20C325ED59" authority="Krassilov & Golovneva, 2004" authorityName="Krassilov & Golovneva" authorityYear="2004" box="[826,1068,1515,1541]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Callicrypta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chlamydea" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6DFFC93F4FFA20C325ED59" bold="true" box="[826,1068,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Callicrypta chlamydea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24757FEEB6DFFC93846FA21C366ED58" box="[1075,1135,1514,1540]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="133B2A12EB6DFFC93FD2F9C0C4F6ED79" box="[935,1023,1547,1573]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="2.[151,162,1545,1562]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,162,856,873]" captionStartId-2="4.[714,725,1588,1605]" captionTargetBox-0="[247,1150,261,1455]" captionTargetBox-1="[244,1152,158,827]" captionTargetBox-2="[730,1229,171,1545]" captionTargetId-0="figure-22@2.[247,1150,261,1455]" captionTargetId-1="figure-326@3.[244,1152,158,827]" captionTargetId-2="figure-347@4.[730,1230,171,1545]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIG. 1. — Callicrypta chlamydea n. gen., n. sp. from the Cenomanian of Vilyuy Basin, Siberia, SEM photographs; A, holotype, a pistillate flower with a calyx, biseriate corolla, and apocarpous gynoecium (see Fig. 2 for interpretation); B, carpel with a short style, abaxial aspect; C, radial sequence of sepal (S), outer petal (Po), inner petal (Pi) and carpel (C), the carpel is split in the median plane showing the locule, the position of papillate gland on the inner petal is marked as n; D, tubular structure (staminode?) clasped at base by the inner petal; E, papillate gland (nectary?) below the apical notch of an inner petal (see n); F, carpel, lateral view, style missing. Scale bars: A, 300 µm; B, 120 µm; C, 90 µm; D, 40 µm; E, 21 µm; F, 70 µm." captionText-1="FIG. 2. — Callicrypta chlamydea n. gen., n. sp., a flower from the Cenomanian of Vilyuy Basin, Siberia, outline of the holotype (see Fig. 1A) showing interpretation of the floral parts. Abbreviations: C, carpel; Pi, inner petal;Po, outer petal; S, sepal; St, staminode?. Scale bar: 150 µm." captionText-2="FIG. 3. — Pollen grains adhering to the petals and carpels of Callicrypta n. gen., n. sp., a pistillate flower from the Cenomanian of Vilyuy Basin, Siberia; A, polar aspect; B, oblique equatoriopolar aspect; C, lateral aspect. Scale bars: 3 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5373245" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5373247" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5373251" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5373245/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5373247/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5373251/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Figs 1-3</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31A651CEB6DFFC43EBFF9F2C622E8A9" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBF3697EB6DFFC43EBFF9F2C622E8A9" blockId="5.[714,1247,1514,1668]" lastBlockId="8.[151,684,937,1119]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
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<materialsCitation id="3B683CCAEB6DFFC43EBFF9F2C622E8A9" county="Komarov Botanical Institute" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="13" location="Tyung River" municipality="Cenomanian" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Saint Petersburg" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54BB8835EB6DFFC93EBFF9F2C437ED13" box="[714,830,1593,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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. —
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<collectingCounty id="62DE4E1BEB6DFFC93F06F9F2C3BAED0E" box="[883,1203,1593,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Komarov Botanical Institute</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C4F875EB6DFFC938B4F9F1C435ED37" country="Russia" name="Saint Petersburg" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">St. Petersburg</collectingRegion>
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, No. 1181-3-585(1), a flower from the
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BDBACEDEB6DFFC93EBFF9A7C446EDD8" box="[714,847,1644,1668]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Cenomanian</collectingMunicipality>
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(Timerdyakhskaya Formation) of the middle reaches of
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<location id="8EDF604CEB60FFC43D1BFC62C6F7E89E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A98781EB6DFFC53F4FFA20C58FEEF9:8EDF604CEB60FFC43D1BFC62C6F7E89E" box="[366,510,937,962]" county="Komarov Botanical Institute" municipality="Cenomanian" name="Tyung River" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Saint Petersburg">Tyung River</location>
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about
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<quantity id="4CF89B72EB60FFC43E20FC61C5A5E89E" box="[597,684,938,962]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="200.0">200 km</quantity>
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upstream of its confluence with the
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<location id="8EDF604CEB60FFC43E6BFC08C5A1E887" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A98781EB6DFFC53F4FFA20C58FEEF9:8EDF604CEB60FFC43E6BFC08C5A1E887" box="[542,680,963,987]" county="Komarov Botanical Institute" municipality="Cenomanian" name="Vilyuy River" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Saint Petersburg">Vilyuy River</location>
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,
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<location id="8EDF604CEB60FFC43CE2FC17C622E8A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A98781EB6DFFC53F4FFA20C58FEEF9:8EDF604CEB60FFC43CE2FC17C622E8A9" box="[151,299,988,1013]" county="Komarov Botanical Institute" municipality="Cenomanian" name="eastern Siberia." pageId="8" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Saint Petersburg">eastern Siberia.</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF7F661FEB6EFFCA3CDEFF63C3C4EBE5" box="[171,1229,168,185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" startId="6.[171,182,168,185]">
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<paragraph id="8BBF3697EB6EFFCA3CDEFF63C3C4EBE5" blockId="6.[171,1229,168,185]" box="[171,1229,168,185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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TABLE 1. — Morphological comparison of Cretaceous ranunculids with the
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3F63FF63C49FEBE5" box="[790,918,168,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amborellaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Amborellales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amborellaceae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3FE8FF63C325EBE5" box="[925,1068,168,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Menispermaceae</taxonomicName>
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and allied families.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BBF3697EB6EFFCA3CE2FF23C39AED34" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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<table id="F900C437EB6E00333CE2FF23C3D4EDDC" box="[151,1245,232,1664]" colsContinueIn="7.[151,1238,187,1646]" gridcols="4" gridrows="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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<tr id="353034D5EB6E00333CE2FF23C3D4EA48" box="[151,1245,232,276]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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<th id="76E15DA9EB6E00333CE2FF23C64FEA48" box="[151,326,232,276]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3CE2FF23C601EBA0" bold="true" box="[151,264,232,252]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Characters</emphasis>
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</th>
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<th id="76E15DA9EB6E00333D2AFF23C585EA48" box="[351,652,232,276]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3DDFFF23C54AEBA0" box="[426,579,232,252]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amborellaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Amborellales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3DDFFF23C54AEBA0" bold="true" box="[426,579,232,252]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Amborellaceae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th id="76E15DA9EB6E00333ED9FF23C4BDEA48" box="[684,948,232,276]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3EB6FF23C477EA48" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3EB6FF23C47BEBA0" box="[707,882,232,252]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Menispermaceae</taxonomicName>
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and related families
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</emphasis>
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</th>
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<th id="76E15DA9EB6E00333FB0FF23C3D4EA48" box="[965,1245,232,276]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA386FFF23C3A3EA48" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA386FFF23C356EA48" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA386FFF23C388EBA0" box="[1050,1153,232,252]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Freyantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Freyantha</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3F87FECBC356EA48" authority="Krassilov & Golovneva, 2004" authorityName="Krassilov & Golovneva" authorityYear="2004" box="[1010,1119,256,276]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Callicrypta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Callicrypta</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24757FEEB6EFFCA3810FECBC3A3EA48" box="[1125,1194,256,276]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="353034D5EB6E00333CE2FEFCC3D4EACF" box="[151,1245,311,403]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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<th id="76E15DA9EB6E00333CE2FEFCC64FEACF" box="[151,326,311,403]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3CE2FEFCC612EA17" bold="true" box="[151,283,311,331]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Growth habit</emphasis>
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</th>
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<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333D2AFEFCC585EACF" box="[351,652,311,403]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Small scrambling tree or shrub</td>
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<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333ED9FEFCC4BDEACF" box="[684,948,311,403]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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Diverse, commonly small scrambling trees or shrubs as is also the monotypic
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3ED9FEB4C469EACF" box="[684,864,383,403]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sargentodoxaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sargentodoxaceae</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333FB0FEFCC3D4EACF" box="[965,1245,311,403]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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Unknown, yet a slender axis and minute prophylls of
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3F9AFEACC344EA27" box="[1007,1101,359,379]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Freyantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3F9AFEACC344EA27" box="[1007,1101,359,379]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Freyantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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suggest a diminutive habit
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="353034D5EB6E00333CE2FE79C3D4EA82" box="[151,1245,434,478]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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<th id="76E15DA9EB6E00333CE2FE79C64FEA82" box="[151,326,434,478]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3CE2FE79C7D6EA9A" bold="true" box="[151,223,434,454]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Leaves</emphasis>
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</th>
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<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333D2AFE79C585EA82" box="[351,652,434,478]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Alternate, entire or rarely lobed</td>
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<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333ED9FE79C4BDEA82" box="[684,948,434,478]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Alternate, entire or rarely lobed, occasionally peltate</td>
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<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333FB0FE79C3D4EA82" box="[965,1245,434,478]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
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In
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3F9BFE79C345EA9A" box="[1006,1100,434,454]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Freyantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3F9BFE79C345EA9A" box="[1006,1100,434,454]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Freyantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lobbed of
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3FA3FE01C360EA82" authorityName="J.S.Newberry" authorityYear="1895" box="[982,1129,458,478]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Liriodendropsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3FA3FE01C360EA82" box="[982,1129,458,478]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Liriodendropsis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
type
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6E00333CE2FE30C3D4E963" box="[151,1245,507,575]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6E00333CE2FE30C64FE963" box="[151,326,507,575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3CE2FE30C62CE953" bold="true" box="[151,293,507,527]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Sex allocation</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333D2AFE30C585E963" box="[351,652,507,575]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Dioecious</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333ED9FE30C4BDE963" box="[684,948,507,575]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Commonly dioecious</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333FB0FE30C3D4E963" box="[965,1245,507,575]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Unknown, probably dioecious since and came from different localities</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6E00333CE2FD90C3D4E9DB" box="[151,1245,603,647]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6E00333CE2FD90C64FE9DB" box="[151,326,603,647]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3CE2FD90C628E933" bold="true" box="[151,289,603,623]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Inflorescence</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333D2AFD90C4BDE9DB" box="[351,948,603,647]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Axillary cymeAxillary cymes or racemes</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333FB0FD90C3D4E9DB" box="[965,1245,603,647]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
orSupra-axillary raceme in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3FA3FDB8C33DE9DB" box="[982,1076,627,647]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Freyantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3FA3FDB8C33DE9DB" box="[982,1076,627,647]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Freyantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6E00333CE2FD6FC3D4E844" box="[151,1245,676,792]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6E00333CE2FD6FC64FE844" box="[151,326,676,792]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3CE2FD6FC7FFE9E4" bold="true" box="[151,246,676,696]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Prophylls</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333D2AFD6FC585E844" box="[351,652,676,792]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Small scales on peduncle</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333ED9FD6FC4BDE844" box="[684,948,676,792]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
Occasionally conspicuous in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3EB7FD77C43AE9B4" authority="(Cissampelos)" baseAuthorityName="Cissampelos" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Menispermaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
Menispermaceae (
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3EC4FD1FC423E9B4" box="[689,810,724,744]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Cissampelos</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, scaly in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3ED9FD27C441E85C" box="[684,840,748,768]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lardizabalaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lardizabalaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3ED9FCCFC438E844" box="[684,817,772,792]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lardizabalaceae" genus="Sargentodoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3ED9FCCFC438E844" box="[684,817,772,792]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Sargentodoxa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333FB0FD6FC3D4E844" box="[965,1245,676,792]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
Small scales on peduncle in (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3F87FD77C359E98C" box="[1010,1104,700,720]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Freyantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3F87FD77C359E98C" box="[1010,1104,700,720]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Freyantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6E00333CE2FCFDC3D4E83E" box="[151,1245,822,866]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6E00333CE2FCFDC64FE83E" box="[151,326,822,866]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3CE2FCFDC64FE816" bold="true" box="[151,326,822,842]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Flower symmetry</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333D2AFCFDC585E83E" box="[351,652,822,866]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Actinomorphic, hypogynous or slightly perigynous</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333ED9FCFDC4BDE83E" box="[684,948,822,866]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Actinomorphic, or somewhat zygomorphic hypogynous</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333FB0FCFDC3D4E83E" box="[965,1245,822,866]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic, hypogynous</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6E00333CE2FCB4C3D4E89F" box="[151,1245,895,963]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6E00333CE2FCB4C64FE89F" box="[151,326,895,963]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3CE2FCB4C618E8F7" bold="true" box="[151,273,895,939]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Flower morphology</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333D2AFCB4C585E89F" box="[351,652,895,963]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Minute, 3-5 mm in diameter functionally diclinous, with 1-2 staminodes in pistillate flower</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333ED9FCB4C4BDE89F" box="[684,948,895,963]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Minute, diclinous with rudimentary organs of opposite sex</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333FB0FCB4C3D4E89F" box="[965,1245,895,963]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Minute, diclinous with a single staminode in pistillate flower</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6E00333CE2FC14C3D4EFBF" box="[151,1245,991,1251]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6E00333CE2FC14C64FEFBF" box="[151,326,991,1251]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3CE2FC14C7E5E8AF" bold="true" box="[151,236,991,1011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Perianth</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333D2AFC14C585EFBF" box="[351,652,991,1251]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Of variable numbers of distinct tepals, sepals and petals indistinguishable</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333ED9FC14C4BDEFBF" box="[684,948,991,1251]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
Of variable number, commonly 6, distinct, occasionally connate sepals and smaller valvate biseriate petals (indistinguishable in the tribes Coscineae and Anomospermae), nectariferous in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3ED9FB7CC469EF97" box="[684,864,1207,1227]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sargentodoxaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sargentodoxaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3ED9FB04C441EFBF" box="[684,840,1231,1251]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lardizabalaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lardizabalaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333FB0FC14C3D4EFBF" box="[965,1245,991,1251]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
Perygonal of bracteate, calyptral nectariferous tepals in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3858FBC4C382EF7F" box="[1069,1163,1039,1059]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Freyantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3858FBC4C382EF7F" box="[1069,1163,1039,1059]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Freyantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, heterochlamydeous of distinct mebranous sepals and valvate biseriate nectariferous petals in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3FA3FB4CC333EFC7" authority="Krassilov & Golovneva, 2004" authorityName="Krassilov & Golovneva" authorityYear="2004" box="[982,1082,1159,1179]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Callicrypta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3FA3FB4CC333EFC7" box="[982,1082,1159,1179]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Callicrypta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24757FEEB6EFFCA3835FB4CC38AEFC7" box="[1088,1155,1159,1179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6E00333CE2FB34C3D4EE07" box="[151,1245,1279,1371]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6E00333CE2FB34C64FEE07" box="[151,326,1279,1371]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3CE2FB34C64BEE4F" bold="true" box="[151,322,1279,1299]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Floral receptacle</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333D2AFB34C585EE07" box="[351,652,1279,1371]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Expanded, cuplike in bud</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333ED9FB34C4BDEE07" box="[684,948,1279,1371]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
Somewhat expanded in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3ED9FADCC45DEE77" box="[684,852,1303,1323]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Menispermaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, elongate in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3EB7FAE4C47FEE1F" box="[706,886,1327,1347]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sargentodoxaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sargentodoxaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333FB0FB34C3D4EE07" box="[965,1245,1279,1371]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
Elongate in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3832FB34C3ACEE4F" box="[1095,1189,1279,1299]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Freyantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3832FB34C3ACEE4F" box="[1095,1189,1279,1299]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Freyantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, broad relative to carpels, apparently expanded in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3FA3FA8CC333EE07" authority="Krassilov & Golovneva, 2004" authorityName="Krassilov & Golovneva" authorityYear="2004" box="[982,1082,1351,1371]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Callicrypta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3FA3FA8CC333EE07" box="[982,1082,1351,1371]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Callicrypta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24757FEEB6EFFCA3835FA8CC38AEE07" box="[1088,1155,1351,1371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6E00333CE2FAB2C3D4EE89" box="[151,1245,1401,1493]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6E00333CE2FAB2C64FEE89" box="[151,326,1401,1493]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3CE2FAB2C64AEED1" bold="true" box="[151,323,1401,1421]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Floral phyllotaxis</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333D2AFAB2C585EE89" box="[351,652,1401,1493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Spiral in mature flowers, at early stages indistinguishable</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333ED9FAB2C4BDEE89" box="[684,948,1401,1493]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
Bi- to multiseriate, in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3ED9FA5AC469EEF9" box="[684,864,1425,1445]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sargentodoxaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sargentodoxaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
hemicyclic (transitional from spiral to cyclic)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333FB0FAB2C3D4EE89" box="[965,1245,1401,1493]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
Transitional from spiral to cyclic in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA385CFA5AC38EEEF9" box="[1065,1159,1425,1445]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Freyantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA385CFA5AC38EEEF9" box="[1065,1159,1425,1445]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Freyantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, cyclic (petals bicyclic) in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6EFFCA3FA3FA0AC333EE89" authority="Krassilov & Golovneva, 2004" authorityName="Krassilov & Golovneva" authorityYear="2004" box="[982,1082,1473,1493]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Callicrypta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3FA3FA0AC333EE89" box="[982,1082,1473,1493]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Callicrypta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24757FEEB6EFFCA3835FA0AC38AEE89" box="[1088,1155,1473,1493]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6E00333CE2FA3FC3D4ED54" box="[151,1245,1524,1544]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6E00333CE2FA3FC64FED54" box="[151,326,1524,1544]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3CE2FA3FC60BED54" bold="true" box="[151,258,1524,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Pollination</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333D2AFA3FC585ED54" box="[351,652,1524,1544]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Mixed anemo- or entomophilous</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333ED9FA3FC4BDED54" box="[684,948,1524,1544]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Anemo- or entomophilous</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333FB0FA3FC3D4ED54" box="[965,1245,1524,1544]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Supposedly entomophilous</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6E00333CE2F9EFC3D4EDDC" box="[151,1245,1572,1664]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6E00333CE2F9EFC64FEDDC" box="[151,326,1572,1664]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6EFFCA3CE2F9EFC7EBED0C" bold="true" box="[151,254,1572,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333D2AF9EFC585EDDC" box="[351,652,1572,1664]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">With 9-11 tepals and a more numerous, 12-21, stamens in several cycles, bearing a rudimentary gynophore</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333ED9F9EFC4BDEDDC" box="[684,948,1572,1664]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">With 6, rarely fewer or more numerous biseriate stamens mostly opposite the petals</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6E00333FB0F9EFC3D4EDDC" box="[965,1245,1572,1664]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="11">With 3 bracteate tepals and 6 stamens, hemicyclic, indistinctly biseriate</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBF3697EB6FFFCB3CE2FF70C33DED32" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<table id="F900C437EB6F00333CE2FF70C3DFED32" box="[151,1238,187,1646]" colsContinueFrom="6.[151,1245,232,1664]" gridcols="4" gridrows="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6F00333CE2FF70C3DFEBBB" box="[151,1238,187,231]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6F00333CE2FF70C636EBBB" box="[151,319,187,231]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3CE2FF70C601EB93" bold="true" box="[151,264,187,207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Characters</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6F00333D2AFF70C589EBBB" box="[351,640,187,231]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB3DDFFF70C54AEB93" box="[426,579,187,207]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amborellaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Amborellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3DDFFF70C54AEB93" bold="true" box="[426,579,187,207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Amborellaceae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6F00333ED9FF70C4A0EBBB" box="[684,937,187,231]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3EB7FF70C477EBBB" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB3EB7FF70C478EB93" box="[706,881,187,207]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Menispermaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and related families
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6F00333FA3FF70C3DFEBBB" box="[982,1238,187,231]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB386FFF70C3A3EBBB" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB386FFF70C356EBBB" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB386FFF70C388EB93" box="[1050,1153,187,207]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Freyantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Freyantha</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB3F87FF18C356EBBB" authority="Krassilov & Golovneva, 2004" authorityName="Krassilov & Golovneva" authorityYear="2004" box="[1010,1119,211,231]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Callicrypta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Callicrypta</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24757FEEB6FFFCB3810FF18C3A3EBBB" box="[1125,1194,211,231]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6F00333CE2FEC1C3DFE962" box="[151,1238,266,574]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6F00333CE2FEC1C636E962" box="[151,319,266,574]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3CE2FEC1C7F9EA42" bold="true" box="[151,240,266,286]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Stamens</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333D2AFEC1C589E962" box="[351,640,266,574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Basally adnate to inner tepals, with a short filament, connective protruding, anthers bithecate introrse</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333ED9FEC1C4A0E962" box="[684,937,266,574]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
Free to variously connate, connective occasionally inflated, sometimes protruding (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB3EC4FEA1C45DEA22" box="[689,852,362,382]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Chondrodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3EC4FEA1C45DEA22" box="[689,852,362,382]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Chondrodendron</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), anthers bithecate, mostly introrse, with a short filament and a broad protruding connective in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB3ED9FE29C46DEAAA" box="[684,868,482,502]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sargentodoxaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sargentodoxaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, some
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB3ED9FE31C413E97A" authority="(Decaisnea)" baseAuthorityName="Decaisnea" box="[684,840,506,550]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lardizabalaceae" genus="Lardizabalaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
Lardizabalaceae (
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3EC4FDD9C41AE97A" box="[689,787,530,550]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Decaisnea</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB3ED9FDE1C49EE962" authority="(Nandina)" baseAuthorityName="Nandina" box="[684,919,554,574]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
Berberidaceae (
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3F37FDE1C498E962" box="[834,913,554,574]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Nandina</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333FA3FEC1C3DFE962" box="[982,1238,266,574]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Free or the anterior slightly connate, with a short filament and protruding connective, anthers bithecate, apparently introrse</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6F00333CE2FD97C3DFE92C" box="[151,1238,604,624]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6F00333CE2FD97C636E92C" box="[151,319,604,624]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3CE2FD97C63AE92C" bold="true" box="[151,307,604,624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Anther opening</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333D2AFD97C589E92C" box="[351,640,604,624]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">By longitudinal slit</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333ED9FD97C4A0E92C" box="[684,937,604,624]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">By longitudinal slit</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333FA3FD97C3DFE92C" box="[982,1238,604,624]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">By longitudinal slit</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6F00333CE2FD45C3DFE816" box="[151,1238,654,842]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6F00333CE2FD45C636E816" box="[151,319,654,842]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3CE2FD45C612E9FE" bold="true" box="[151,283,654,674]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Pollen grains</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333D2AFD45C589E816" box="[351,640,654,842]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Monoporate operculate or inaperturate</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333ED9FD45C4A0E816" box="[684,937,654,842]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
Of diverse apertural types more commonly tricolpate, tricolporate, porate or inaperturate. Tricolpate irregularly reticulate with long slit-like invaginate colpi in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB3ED9FCFDC469E816" box="[684,864,822,842]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sargentodoxaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sargentodoxaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333FA3FD45C3DFE816" box="[982,1238,654,842]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
Tricolpate irregularly reticulate with long slit-like invaginate colpi in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB3FA3FD1DC33DE9B6" box="[982,1076,726,746]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Freyantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3FA3FD1DC33DE9B6" box="[982,1076,726,746]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Freyantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and dispersed adhering to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB383DFD25C3A5E85E" authority="Krassilov & Golovneva, 2004" authorityName="Krassilov & Golovneva" authorityYear="2004" box="[1096,1196,750,770]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Callicrypta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB383DFD25C3A5E85E" box="[1096,1196,750,770]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Callicrypta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24757FEEB6FFFCB3FA3FCCDC310E846" box="[982,1049,774,794]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6F00333CE2FCACC3DFE8CF" box="[151,1238,871,915]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6F00333CE2FCACC636E8CF" box="[151,319,871,915]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3CE2FCACC636E827" bold="true" box="[151,319,871,891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Pistillate flowers</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333D2AFCACC589E8CF" box="[351,640,871,915]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Smaller than the staminate, with 1-2 staminodes</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333ED9FCACC4A0E8CF" box="[684,937,871,915]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Commonly with staminodes</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333FA3FCACC3DFE8CF" box="[982,1238,871,915]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
Smaller than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB3826FCACC3B8E827" box="[1107,1201,871,891]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Freyantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3826FCACC3B8E827" box="[1107,1201,871,891]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Freyantha</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, with a single staminode
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6F00333CE2FC7AC3DFEF51" box="[151,1238,945,1037]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6F00333CE2FC7AC636EF51" box="[151,319,945,1037]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3CE2FC7AC603E899" bold="true" box="[151,266,945,965]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Gynoecium</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333D2AFC7AC589EF51" box="[351,640,945,1037]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Apocarpous</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333ED9FC7AC4A0EF51" box="[684,937,945,1037]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
Apocarpous, often on a gynophore, with carpels widely diverging in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB3ED9FC32C441EF51" box="[684,840,1017,1037]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lardizabalaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lardizabalaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333FA3FC7AC3DFEF51" box="[982,1238,945,1037]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Apocarpous, with widely diverging carpels</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6F00333CE2FBE7C3DFEFFC" box="[151,1238,1068,1184]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6F00333CE2FBE7C636EFFC" box="[151,319,1068,1184]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3CE2FBE7C7EFEF1C" bold="true" box="[151,230,1068,1088]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Carpels</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333D2AFBE7C589EFFC" box="[351,640,1068,1184]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">In a single whorl, mostly 5-6, minute, gibbose, ascidiform, shortly stipitate, unilocular</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333ED9FBE7C4A0EFFC" box="[684,937,1068,1184]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
Commonly 6 (1-3 to 30) in one or more cycles, gibbose, unilocular, unsealed in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB3ED9FB47C441EFFC" box="[684,840,1164,1184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lardizabalaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lardizabalaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333FA3FBE7C3DFEFFC" box="[982,1238,1068,1184]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">6 in a single whorl, minute, distinct, sessile, gibbose, incompletely sealed, unilocular</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6F00333CE2FB76C3DFEFB5" box="[151,1238,1213,1257]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6F00333CE2FB76C636EFB5" box="[151,319,1213,1257]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3CE2FB76C7D7EF8D" bold="true" box="[151,222,1213,1233]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Stigma</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333D2AFB76C589EFB5" box="[351,640,1213,1257]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Sessile, bilobed, with multicellular papillae</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333ED9FB76C4A0EFB5" box="[684,937,1213,1257]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Sessile or on a very short style</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333FA3FB76C3DFEFB5" box="[982,1238,1213,1257]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">On a short style</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6F00333CE2FACCC3DFEE27" box="[151,1238,1287,1403]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6F00333CE2FACCC636EE27" box="[151,319,1287,1403]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3CE2FACCC7D8EE47" bold="true" box="[151,209,1287,1307]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Ovule</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333D2AFACCC589EE27" box="[351,640,1287,1403]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">In mature carpels solitary, hemitropous (or described as orthotropous curved at base), bitegmic</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333ED9FACCC4A0EE27" box="[684,937,1287,1403]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
Initially 2, but in mature carpels single, mostly bitegmic. In
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB3EB6FA84C441EE3F" box="[707,840,1359,1379]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lardizabalaceae" genus="Sargentodoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3EB6FA84C441EE3F" box="[707,840,1359,1379]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Sargentodoxa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
solitary hemianatropous
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333FA3FACCC3DFEE27" box="[982,1238,1287,1403]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Unknown</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6F00333CE2FA52C3DFED51" box="[151,1238,1433,1549]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6F00333CE2FA52C636ED51" box="[151,319,1433,1549]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3CE2FA52C605EEF1" bold="true" box="[151,268,1433,1453]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Endosperm</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333D2AFA52C589ED51" box="[351,640,1433,1549]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Abundant</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333ED9FA52C4A0ED51" box="[684,937,1433,1549]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
Scanty in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB3ED9FA7AC45DEE99" box="[684,852,1457,1477]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Menispermaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, yet abundant in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB3ED9FA2AC469EEA9" box="[684,864,1505,1525]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sargentodoxaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sargentodoxaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB3ED9FA32C441ED51" box="[684,840,1529,1549]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lardizabalaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lardizabalaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333FA3FA52C3DFED51" box="[982,1238,1433,1549]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Unknown</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="353034D5EB6F00333CE2F9E1C3DFED32" box="[151,1238,1578,1646]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<th id="76E15DA9EB6F00333CE2F9E1C636ED32" box="[151,319,1578,1646]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB6FFFCB3CE2F9E1C7CFED62" bold="true" box="[151,198,1578,1598]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Fruit</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333D2AF9E1C589ED32" box="[351,640,1578,1646]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Drupaceous</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333ED9F9E1C4A0ED32" box="[684,937,1578,1646]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Aggregates of drupes or nutlets</td>
|
|
<td id="76E15DA9EB6F00333FA3F9E1C3DFED32" box="[982,1238,1578,1646]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">
|
|
Aggregates of nutlets in association with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB6FFFCB3FA3F991C33DED32" box="[982,1076,1626,1646]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Freyantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Freyantha</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF7F661FEB60FFC43CE2FC82C303E82C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5373255" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5373255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5373255/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" startId="8.[151,162,841,858]" targetBox="[170,1229,171,806]" targetPageId="8">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBF3697EB60FFC43CE2FC82C303E82C" blockId="8.[151,1247,841,880]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">
|
|
FIG. 4. —
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43C93FC82C57FE806" authority="Krassilov et Golovneva (2001)" authorityName="Krassilov et Golovneva" authorityYear="2001" box="[230,630,841,858]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Freyantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB60FFC43C93FC82C67EE806" box="[230,375,841,858]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">Freyantha sibirica</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B66EB60FFC43D09FC82C57FE806" author="KRASSILOV V. A. & GOLOVNEVA L. B." box="[380,630,841,858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" pagination="99 - 106" refId="ref5051" refString="KRASSILOV V. A. & GOLOVNEVA L. B. 2001. - Inflorescence with tricolpate pollen grains from the Cenomanian of Tschulymo-Yenisey Basin, West Siberia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 115: 99 - 106." type="journal article" year="2001">Krassilov et Golovneva (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, from the Cenomanian of Tschulymo-Yenisey Basin, Siberia, inflorescence of staminate flowers subtended by calyptrate bracts with a prominent nectar gland (
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB60FFC43F24FC94C455E82C" bold="true" box="[849,860,863,880]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
|
|
). Scale bar: 1.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31A651CEB60FFC43CE2FBCFC616EF6A" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBF3697EB60FFC43CE2FBCFC616EF6A" blockId="8.[151,684,937,1119]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">ETYMOLOGY. — Chlamidea (from Greek) with a mantle (perianth).</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31A651CEB60FFC43CE2FB8DC6DAEF02" box="[151,467,1094,1119]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBF3697EB60FFC43CE2FB8DC6DAEF02" blockId="8.[151,684,937,1119]" box="[151,467,1094,1119]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">DIAGNOSIS. — As for the genus.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31A651CEB60FFC53CE2FB41C58FEEF9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBF3697EB60FFC43CE2FB41C610EFFE" blockId="8.[151,684,1162,1669]" box="[151,281,1162,1188]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBF3697EB60FFC43CE2FB60C4D9EF38" blockId="8.[151,684,1162,1669]" lastBlockId="8.[714,1247,939,1669]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43CE2FB60C677EF99" authority="Krassilov & Golovneva, 2004" authorityName="Krassilov & Golovneva" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,382,1195,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Callicrypta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chlamydea" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB60FFC43CE2FB60C677EF99" box="[151,382,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">Callicrypta chlamydea</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24757FEEB60FFC43DFDFB61C528EF98" box="[392,545,1194,1220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
is similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43CE2FB00C635EFB9" box="[151,316,1227,1253]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amborellaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Amborellales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amborellaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
in general aspect of the minute diclinous oligomerous flowers of free parts, with one or few staminodes and with a single whorl of five or six gibbose ascidiform carpels. At the same time, it shares with the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43DD6FA80C553EE39" box="[419,602,1355,1381]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Menispermaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and/or the allied ranunculid families
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43D91FAA0C5A1EED9" box="[484,680,1387,1413]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sargentodoxaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sargentodoxaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43CE2FA40C636EEF9" box="[151,319,1419,1445]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lardizabalaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lardizabalaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43D01FA40C51AEEF9" authorityName="A.S.Foster ex Airy Shaw" authorityYear="1965" box="[372,531,1419,1445]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Kingdoniaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Kingdoniaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
such diagnostic features of floral morphology as the calyx of petaloid sepals, corolla of more numerous biseriate nectariferous petals which are smaller than sepals, imbricate and valvate, clasping the staminodes, and the apocarpous gynoecium of six carpels with a short style.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43DCBF980C5A5ED39" authority="Krassilov & Golovneva, 2004" authorityName="Krassilov & Golovneva" authorityYear="2004" box="[446,684,1611,1637]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Callicrypta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chlamydea" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB60FFC43DCBF980C5A5ED39" box="[446,684,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">Callicrypta chlamydea</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24757FEEB60FFC43CE2F9A1C624EDD8" box="[151,301,1642,1668]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
, thus, indicates an affinity between the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43E83FC60C49EE899" box="[758,919,939,965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amborellaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Amborellales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amborellaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43FA6FC60C386E899" box="[979,1167,939,965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Menispermaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which can be reinforced by involving in the comparison the staminate flowers of the Cretaceous ranunculid
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43E85FBC0C4BBEF79" authorityName="Krassilov et Golovneva" authorityYear="2001" box="[752,946,1035,1061]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Freyantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB60FFC43E85FBC0C4BBEF79" box="[752,946,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">Freyantha sibirica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
which produced pollen of the same
|
|
<typeStatus id="54BB8835EB60FFC43F4DFBE1C461EF18" box="[824,872,1066,1092]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
|
as found attached to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43812FBE0C43FEF39" authority="Krassilov & Golovneva, 2004" authorityName="Krassilov & Golovneva" authorityYear="2004" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Callicrypta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chlamydea" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB60FFC43812FBE0C43FEF39" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">Callicrypta chlamydea</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24757FEEB60FFC43F48FB81C4D9EF38" box="[829,976,1098,1124]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBF3697EB60FFC53EBFFBA0C593E959" blockId="8.[714,1247,939,1669]" lastBlockId="9.[151,684,170,1445]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">
|
|
The morphological comparison (
|
|
<tableCitation id="C682032CEB60FFC43843FBA0C382EFD9" box="[1078,1163,1131,1157]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="6.[171,182,168,185]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Morphological comparison of Cretaceous ranunculids with the Amborellaceae, Menispermaceae and allied families." pageId="8" pageNumber="13">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
|
) places both these Cretaceous species in the plexus of archaic ranunculids the present day survivors of which
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43F69FB00C48CEFB9" box="[796,901,1227,1253]" form="the" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" rank="form">form the</taxonomicName>
|
|
monotypic families
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC438F1FB00C444EE59" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sargentodoxaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sargentodoxaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43F2EFB20C303EE59" authorityName="A.S.Foster ex Airy Shaw" authorityYear="1965" box="[859,1034,1259,1285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Kingdoniaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Kingdoniaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC4386DFB20C3D3EE59" box="[1048,1242,1259,1285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Circaeasteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Circaeasteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43EBFFAC0C453EE79" authorityName="Tamura" authorityYear="1972" box="[714,858,1291,1317]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Glaucidiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Glaucidiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and the closely allied
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC4384BFAC0C3D3EE79" box="[1086,1242,1291,1317]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amborellaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Amborellales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amborellaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. A traditional assignment of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC4386FFAE0C387EE19" box="[1050,1166,1323,1349]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amborellaceae" genus="Amborella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Amborellales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB60FFC4386FFAE0C387EE19" box="[1050,1166,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">Amborella</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43EBFFA80C4EDEE39" box="[714,996,1355,1381]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Laurales (Monimiaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
|
is based mainly on a single feature in common, the inflated floral receptacle (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B66EB60FFC43F34FA40C4E7EEF9" author="CRONQUIST A." box="[833,1006,1419,1445]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refId="ref4528" refString="CRONQUIST A. 1981. - An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press, New York, 1262 p." type="book" year="1981">Cronquist 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) that occurs, although in a less conspicuous form, in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43812FA60C414EEB8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Menispermaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
also. A recently advocated link to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB60FFC43EBFFA20C455ED59" box="[714,860,1515,1541]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Nymphaeales</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B66EB60FFC43F1FFA20C3A1ED59" author="MATHEWS S. & DONOGHUE M. J." box="[874,1192,1515,1541]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" pagination="947 - 950" refId="ref5202" refString="MATHEWS S. & DONOGHUE M. J. 1999. - The root of angiosperm phylogeny inferred from duplicate phytochrome genes. Science 286: 947 - 950." type="journal article" year="1999">Mathews & Donoghue 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B66EB60FFC438C6FA20C44CED79" author="QIU Y. - L. & LEE J. & QUADRONI F. & SOLTIS D. E. & SOLTIS P. S. & ZANIS M. & ZIMMER Z. A. & CHEN Z. & SOVALAINEN V. & CHASE M. V." pageId="8" pageNumber="13" pagination="404 - 407" refId="ref5318" refString="QIU Y. - L., LEE J., BERNASCONI- QUADRONI F., SOLTIS D. E., SOLTIS P. S., ZANIS M., ZIMMER Z. A., CHEN Z., SOVALAINEN V. & CHASE M. V. 1999. - The earliest angiosperms: evidence from mitochondrial, plastid and nuclear genomes. Nature 402: 404 - 407." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
|
Qiu
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB60FFC43EBFF9C1C5F1ED79" box="[714,760,1546,1573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 1999
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), an order of aquatic angiosperms, is scarcely justified by a few homoplastic features in common, such as the porose vessels (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B66EB60FFC43807F980C49DEDD9" author="SCHNEIDER E. L. & CARLQUIST S." pageId="8" pageNumber="13" pagination="637 - 641" refId="ref5452" refString="SCHNEIDER E. L. & CARLQUIST S. 1996. - Vessel origin in Cabomba. Nordic Journal of Botany 16: 637 - 641." type="journal article" year="1996">Schneider & Carlquist 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) or a spiral floral phyllotaxis, widely scattered among the angiosperm orders. The tracheary elements in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB61FFC53DB7FF00C527EBB9" box="[450,558,203,229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amborellaceae" genus="Amborella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Amborellales" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB61FFC53DB7FF00C527EBB9" box="[450,558,203,229]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Amborella</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with small pores in pit membranes or altogether lacking pit membranes are unlike those in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB61FFC53E77FEC0C5A5EA79" box="[514,684,267,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Nymphaeaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
with large pores (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B66EB61FFC53D2AFEE0C52CEA19" author="FIELD T. S. & ZWEINIECKI M. A. & BRODRIBB T. & JAFFRE T. & DONOGHUE M. J. & HOLBROOK N. M." box="[351,549,298,325]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="705 - 712" refId="ref4584" refString="FIELD T. S., ZWEINIECKI M. A., BRODRIBB T., JAFFRE T., DONOGHUE M. J. & HOLBROOK N. M. 2000. - Structure and function of tracheary elements in Amborella trichopoda. International Journal of Plant Science 161: 705 - 712." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
|
Field
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB61FFC53DD1FEE1C6D5EA19" box="[420,476,298,325]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2000
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The more strictly diagnostic features of the flower topology, gynoecium, ovules, fruit, pollen grains, etc., are so disparate that a detailed comparison does not make much sense. Basic nymphaeaceous floral structure has been fairly distinct in the mid- Cretaceous already (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B66EB61FFC53D1AFE20C586E959" author="KRASSILOV V. A. & BACCHIA F." box="[367,655,491,517]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="785 - 799" refId="ref4929" refString="KRASSILOV V. A. & BACCHIA F. 2000. - Cenomanian florule of Nammoura, Lebanon. Cretaceous Research 21: 785 - 799." type="journal article" year="2000">Krassilov & Bacchia 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBF3697EB61FFC53CE2FDC1C50DE8B8" blockId="9.[151,684,170,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
|
|
We emphasize the extreme diminution of the flower in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB61FFC53D71FDE0C671E919" authority="Krassilov & Golovneva, 2004" authorityName="Krassilov & Golovneva" authorityYear="2004" box="[260,376,555,581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Callicrypta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB61FFC53D71FDE0C671E919" box="[260,376,555,581]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Callicrypta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24757FEEB61FFC53DF4FDE1C6C6E918" box="[385,463,554,580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
not only because it counters once popular idea of primitiveness, but also because dimensions are important in pollination ecology. Our studies of gut contents of fossil insects have revealed a widespread Palaeozoic and Mesozoic pollen feeding by various relatively large insects, such as hypoperlids, booklice, katydids and xyelids (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B66EB61FFC53D55FCC0C551E879" author="KRASSILOV V. A. & RASNITSYN A. P." box="[288,600,779,805]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="65 - 72" refId="ref4997" refString="KRASSILOV V. A. & RASNITSYN A. P. 1998. - Plant remains from the guts of fossil insects: evolutionary and palaeoecological inferences. Proceedings of the 1 st International Palaeoentomological Conference, Moscow, AMBA Projects AM / PFICM- 98 / 1. 99: 65 - 72." type="journal article" year="1998">Krassilov & Rasnitsyn 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Floral organs of proangiosperms might have been visited for pollen primarily, as in the case of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB61FFC53E6AFC80C58CE839" authorityName="V.A.Krassilov" authorityYear="1999" box="[543,645,843,869]" class="Pteridospermopsida" genus="Preflosella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B974EA85EB61FFC53E6AFC80C58CE839" box="[543,645,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Preflosella</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, an Early Cretaceous pre-flower foraged by two xyelid species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B66EB61FFC53C98FC40C516E8F9" author="KRASSILOV V. A. & RASNITSYN A. P." box="[237,543,907,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="65 - 72" refId="ref4997" refString="KRASSILOV V. A. & RASNITSYN A. P. 1998. - Plant remains from the guts of fossil insects: evolutionary and palaeoecological inferences. Proceedings of the 1 st International Palaeoentomological Conference, Moscow, AMBA Projects AM / PFICM- 98 / 1. 99: 65 - 72." type="journal article" year="1998">Krassilov & Rasnitsyn 1998</bibRefCitation>
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). Co-adaptation of plants and pollinivorous insects implied a certain robustness of floral organs.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF3697EB61FFC53CE2FC20C58FEEF9" blockId="9.[151,684,170,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
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A miniaturization of floral parts accompanied by a development of secreting structures (glands on the bracteate tepals in
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB61FFC53D1CFBE0C520EF19" authorityName="Krassilov et Golovneva" authorityYear="2001" box="[361,553,1067,1093]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Freyantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sibirica">
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<emphasis id="B974EA85EB61FFC53D1CFBE0C520EF19" box="[361,553,1067,1093]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Freyantha sibirica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and on the inner petals in
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB61FFC53D46FB80C504EF39" authority="Krassilov & Golovneva, 2004" authorityName="Krassilov & Golovneva" authorityYear="2004" box="[307,525,1099,1125]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Callicrypta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chlamidea" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
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<emphasis id="B974EA85EB61FFC53D46FB80C504EF39" box="[307,525,1099,1125]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Callicrypta chlamidea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24757FEEB61FFC53E61FB81C5ADEF38" box="[532,676,1098,1124]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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) suggests a major innovation in pollination ecology involving new groups of insects coming for nectar and capable of gently handling the flower. This line of co-evolution might have led to a diversification of forms related to the present-day ranunculids. The finds of such forms in the mid-Cretaceous of Siberia and northern
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<collectingCountry id="F3177607EB61FFC53DFCFAE0C501EE19" box="[393,520,1323,1349]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB61FFC53E6FFAE1C6FBEE39" authority=": Vakhrameev & Krassilov 1979" authorityName=": Vakhrameev & Krassilov" authorityYear="1979" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Caspiocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974EA85EB61FFC53E6FFAE1C5ACEE18" box="[538,677,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Caspiocarpus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF914B66EB61FFC53CE2FA80C6FBEE39" author="VAKHRAMEEV V. A. & KRASSILOV V. A." box="[151,498,1355,1381]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="121 - 128" refId="ref5578" refString="VAKHRAMEEV V. A. & KRASSILOV V. A. 1979. - Reproductive organs of angiosperms from the Albian of Kazakhstan. Palaeontological Journal, Moscow 1: 121 - 128." type="journal article" year="1979">Vakhrameev & Krassilov 1979</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF914B66EB61FFC53D8AFA80C5A1EE39" author="KRASSILOV V. A." box="[511,680,1355,1381]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="577 - 592" refId="ref4876" refString="KRASSILOV V. A. 1984. - New paleobotanical data on origin and early evolution of angiospermy. Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden 71: 577 - 592." type="journal article" year="1984">Krassilov 1984</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D14EB61FFC53CE2FAA0C6E8EED9" authority=": Krassilov et al. 1983" authorityName="Krassilov" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,481,1386,1413]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Hyrcantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B974EA85EB61FFC53CE2FAA0C60BEED9" box="[151,258,1387,1413]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Hyrcantha</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF914B66EB61FFC53D7AFAA0C6E8EED9" author="KRASSILOV V. A. & SHILIN P. V. & VAKHRAMEEV V. A." box="[271,481,1386,1413]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="91 - 113" refId="ref5091" refString="KRASSILOV V. A., SHILIN P. V. & VAKHRAMEEV V. A. 1983. - Cretaceous flowers from Kazakhstan. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 40: 91 - 113." type="journal article" year="1983">
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Krassilov
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<emphasis id="B974EA85EB61FFC53D06FAA1C695EED9" box="[371,412,1386,1413]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
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. 1983
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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) suggest a diversification center in the northern temperate realm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |