235 lines
33 KiB
XML
235 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="B07480D052A9C7885756F244879F0B9B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276876" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a52c737b-5f8e-48ab-a98a-d3d7aa3b8d44" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276876" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460242194602" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis & Medianero, Enrique" docDate="2011" docId="03A487F3FFFBC601FF2A62E8FD45ED8F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02774p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2774" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Synergus rufinotaulis Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FF9DFF8BFFF2C60BFFBD6707FFA3EA1B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698241067433" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1B14BA782C82684C1842E43B1351F1AC">
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<mods:title id="A6EDD9390FE94EB7061B37FB9A63821B">Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F3A77BF1073A0326200388C6F00D0019" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A7BFB0A4AB55351C04D33B55B7CA8661">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B31FB39D9388991B2882568F36D77368">Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="48578DBD5C308CAC5A00D2E0684678DD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="80BC04B5741117E274F1E4D2AAFFED59">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="47A6A6DEFCDB365E195622F2CE44E14C">Medianero, Enrique</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="66D436AD6BAFEAD5CCC9D0F34BDD3252">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D2E981EA8A7D7D10F9BE6EDEDEFDF183">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A38CFF97FA901038D832F9507AB6110E">
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<mods:date id="4748A4668A400726FF9B6D6FEE24E39C">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="F3E1139863924CF1B769C66B6A823D65" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0886D1BE9509CE13F28DED8957EA95FB">2774</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F0FA5BEEF3EC2B309ACCC90B90E6B449">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="609CD0EE3DB1E1C7F8C3C13348EA32E6">47</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="ED30C939EF80DDBDE3C086955590061E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FB9569D2845E9DB89551E5F9282A49A7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276876</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="38FDB154EFC0486C051CB21D62D87288" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D78379EAC4B335F658F40A042C1E010F" type="Zenodo-Dep">276876</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A487F3FFFBC601FF2A62E8FD45ED8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6189364" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119389905" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6189364" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487F3FFFBC601FF2A62E8FD45ED8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487F3FFFBC601FF2A62E8FD45ED8F" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFBC602FF2A62E8FCA2EC31" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFBC602FF2A62E8FCCAEC12" blockId="9.[151,873,1519,1578]" box="[151,873,1519,1545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="D0FA8189FFFBC602FF2A62E8FCCAEC12" bold="true" box="[151,873,1519,1545]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFBC602FF2A62E8FCCAEC12" bold="true" box="[151,873,1519,1545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFBC602FF2A62E8FCA7EC12" authority="Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero" authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero" box="[151,772,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufinotaulis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFBC602FF2A62E8FE3EEC12" bold="true" box="[151,413,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Synergus rufinotaulis</emphasis>
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Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A578CFFFBC602FCB162E8FCCAEC12" box="[780,873,1519,1545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFBC602FF2A6115FCA2EC31" blockId="9.[151,873,1519,1578]" box="[151,769,1554,1578]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFBC602FF226115FF4DEC31" box="[159,238,1554,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head anterior view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus luteus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276878/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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D, 4G, 4H, 5K, 6K, 8D, 11D, 13C, 17F, 19E–F)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFBC602FF2A615CFE23ED3D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFBC602FF2A615CFE23ED3D" blockId="9.[151,1436,1626,2010]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFBC602FF2A615CFEE5EC68" bold="true" box="[151,326,1626,1651]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFBC602FF2A615CFF71EC68" box="[151,210,1627,1651]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFBC602FEF0615DFE16EC69" box="[333,437,1626,1650]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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̩ (
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFBC602FE5E615DFD90EC69" box="[483,563,1626,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1838,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 19. Habitus of Synergus species: (A) Synergus nicaraguensis, female. (B) Synergus nicaraguensis, male. (C) Synergus colombianus, female. (D) Synergus colombianus, male. (E) Synergus rufinotaulis, female. (F) Synergus rufinotaulis, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276895/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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E) (in Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid,
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFBC602FB18615DFB46EC69" box="[1189,1253,1626,1650]" name="Spain" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Spain</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFFBC602FB49615DFAEDEC69" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1268,1358,1626,1650]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MNCN</collectionCode>
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), cardmounted. Cat. nº 2098).
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFBC602FE1A6178FD82EC8C" box="[423,545,1663,1687]" name="Panama" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
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, Chiriquí, Volcán Barú, 8º 46' 36 08” N, 82º 31' 39 03” W,
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<quantity id="4CF59B00FFFBC602FB0C6179FAAAEC8D" box="[1201,1289,1662,1686]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0789999999999997" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="3079.0">3079 m</quantity>
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; ex gall
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFBC602FAD86178FF79ECA0" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFBC602FAD86178FF1BECA0" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cynips</taxonomicName>
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sp
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</emphasis>
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. on twigs of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFBC602FECA61A4FD4EECA1" box="[375,749,1698,1723]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bumelioides">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFBC602FECA61A4FDC6ECA0" box="[375,613,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Quercus bumelioides</emphasis>
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(Fagaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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, gall collected
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<date id="FFB31025FFFBC602FC2161A5FBACECA1" box="[924,1039,1698,1722]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2008-10-23">23.x.2008</date>
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, E. Medianero leg.
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFBC602FB4E61A4FAC7ECA0" box="[1267,1380,1699,1723]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: 13, same data as
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFBC602FE9261C1FE37ECC5" box="[303,404,1734,1758]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, but gall collected
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<date id="FFB31025FFFBC602FDD761C1FD4FECC5" box="[618,748,1734,1758]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2008-07-22">22.vii.2008</date>
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; 1̩, same data as
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFBC602FC7E61C1FB8BECC5" box="[963,1064,1734,1758]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, reared from an unidentified gall (
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFBC602FF1D61ECFF4DED19" box="[160,238,1771,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFBC602FF1D61ECFF4DED19" box="[160,238,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cynips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.?)
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<date id="FFB31025FFFBC602FE8861EDFE09ED19" box="[309,426,1770,1794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2009-02-27">27.ii.2009</date>
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. One
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFBC602FE5061ECFDEEED18" box="[493,589,1771,1795]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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in the
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFFBC602FD2261EDFD55ED19" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[671,758,1770,1794]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MNCN</collectionCode>
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, another
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFBC602FCE261ECFC1CED18" box="[863,959,1771,1795]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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in Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFBC602FF056009FEB2ED3D" box="[184,273,1806,1830]" name="Panama" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Panamá</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFFBC602FE9D6009FED7ED3D" box="[288,372,1806,1830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MEUP</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFBC602FF7A6034FA99ED51" box="[199,1338,1842,1867]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFBC602FF7A6034FA99ED51" blockId="9.[151,1436,1626,2010]" box="[199,1338,1842,1867]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFBC602FF7A6034FEE5ED50" bold="true" box="[199,326,1843,1867]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Etymology</emphasis>
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. Named after the reddish coloration of the notauli contrasting with the black mesoscutum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFBC601FF7A6051FE1AEB24" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFBC601FF7A6051FE1AEB24" blockId="9.[151,1436,1626,2010]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,1940]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFBC602FF7A6051FE5AED74" bold="true" box="[199,505,1878,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis and comments.</emphasis>
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This pretty, distinctive species differs from other Panamanian species by its long filiform antennae and long radial cell; the scutellum being subpentagonal, strongly reticulate-rugose dorsally, the large, quadrangular or irregularly rounded scutellar foveae, the wide well impressed notauli, reddish posteriorly in females, the mesopleuron with mixed striate and coriarious-rugose sculpture and the metasomal T2+3 with punctures extended about 1/3 of metasoma length. With respect to its general aspect, the micropunctate metasoma, the shape of mesoscutal sculpture and the long radial cell resembles
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF8C601FCDA67BAFBB1EACF" box="[871,1042,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF8C601FCDA67BAFBB1EACF" box="[871,1042,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. colombianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but these two species are well distinguished by many other characters, such as the antennal F1 of males, which is more strongly expanded in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF8C601FA3A67E7FE85EB07" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF8C601FA3A67E7FE85EB07" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. colombianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the wider notauli of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF8C601FD9B6602FD6BEB07" box="[550,712,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufinotaulis">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF8C601FD9B6602FD6BEB07" box="[550,712,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. rufinotaulis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the different mesoscutal coloration, the shape of the scutellar foveae and other features.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF8C601FF7A664CFC1AECFB" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF8C601FF7A664CFDA1E844" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF8C601FF7A664CFEFAEB7F" bold="true" box="[199,345,331,356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description.</emphasis>
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Body length
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<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF8C601FE45664BFDFCEB7F" box="[504,607,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.36" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.36">3.36 mm</quantity>
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(range 3.16–3.56; N = 2) for females; 2.77 (N = 1) for males. Female. Head black excepting a narrow band along internal margin of eyes, the entire genae, the sides of the face and the bases of the mandibles which are yellowish-red or orange. Antenae brown, last flagellar segments lighter. Mesosoma black, with dorsolateral margins of pronotum, posterior one third of notauli, tegulae and dorsal margin of metascutellum orange. Metasoma black dorsally and yellowish ventrally. Legs yellow, with basal half of metacoxae black; distal half of posterior tibiae and tarsi of all legs more or less brown. Forewing hyaline, veins brown. Male differs in having the orange coloration much reduced or absent; the mesosoma being entirely black, and the metasoma almost entirely black.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF8C601FF7A656BFD15E9DC" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF8C601FF7A656BFEBDE89F" bold="true" box="[199,286,620,644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Female</emphasis>
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. (
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF8C601FE88656BFE25E89F" box="[309,390,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1838,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 19. Habitus of Synergus species: (A) Synergus nicaraguensis, female. (B) Synergus nicaraguensis, male. (C) Synergus colombianus, female. (D) Synergus colombianus, male. (E) Synergus rufinotaulis, female. (F) Synergus rufinotaulis, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276895/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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E). Head in dorsal view (
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF8C601FD22656BFD42E89F" box="[671,737,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1822,1845]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1801]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 4. Head dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus ibericus. (B) Synergus nicaraguensis. (C) Synergus chiricanus. (D) Synergus gabrieli. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus baruensis. (G) Synergus rufinotaulis, male. (H) Synergus rufinotaulis, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276880/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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H) 2.2 times as wide as long. Gena not expanded behind compound eye. POL 1.2 times longer than OOL, posterior ocellus separated from inner orbit of eye by 1.5 times its diameter. Head in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF8C601FDB365B3FDF2E8D7" box="[526,593,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head anterior view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus luteus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276878/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D) trapezoid, 1.3 times wider than high, genae not expanded. Face weakly pubescent, with marked, high, strong irradiating carinae from clypeus, reaching ventral margin of eye and ventral margin of toruli; the carinae widely spaced, especially medially, the interspaces smooth. Ventral margin of clypeus straight not projected over mandibles. Malar space 0.6 as long as height of compound eye. Toruli situated at midheight of compound eye; distance between toruli short, shorter than diameter of a torulus; distance between mesal margin of compound eye and lateral margin of a torulus shorter than diameter of a torulus, including rim. Frons with reticulate rugae, frontal carinae narrow, branched near lateral ocelli (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF8C601FC5A648BFB84E9BF" box="[999,1063,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head anterior view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus luteus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276878/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Vertex and occiput reticulate rugose, with piliferous punctures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF8C601FDAA64A8FDC7E9DC" box="[535,612,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1822,1845]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1801]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 4. Head dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus ibericus. (B) Synergus nicaraguensis. (C) Synergus chiricanus. (D) Synergus gabrieli. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus baruensis. (G) Synergus rufinotaulis, male. (H) Synergus rufinotaulis, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276880/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
G, 4H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF8C601FF7A64D3FC57EE2F" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Female antenna with 14 segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF8C601FDC864D3FD1DE9F7" box="[629,702,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[166,1429,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[166,1431,147,1946]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female antennae of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus colombianus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus baruensis. (G) Synergus luteus. (H) Synergus mesoamericanus. (I) Synergus chiricanus (J) Synergus elegans. (K) Synergus rufinotaulis. (L) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276881/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
K); flagellum slender. Relative lengths of antennal segments: 18:8:27:27:25:24:20:15:14:12:11:10:9:15; pedicel slightly longer than wide; F1 as long as F2. Male antenna with 15 segments; F1 excaved medially and slightly expanded apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF8C601FC30631BFC73EE2F" box="[909,976,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1731,1754]" captionTargetBox="[191,1394,181,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[191,1395,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male antennae of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus nicaraguensis. (D) Synergus chiricanus. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus gabrieli. (G) Synergus ramoni. (H) Synergus mesoamericanus. (I) Synergus colombianus. (J) Synergus baruensis. (K) Synergus rufinotaulis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276882/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
K).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF8C601FF7A6346FEDFEF4F" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Mesosoma. Pronotum without lateral pronotal carina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF8C601FC8E6347FCD9EE43" box="[819,890,1088,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1403,1426]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1381]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1382]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pronotum anterior view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus ibericus. (B) Synergus ramoni. (C) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (D) Synergus chiricanus. (E) Synergus laticephalus. (F) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276883/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Lateral surface of pronotum with reticulaterugose sculpture. Mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF8C601FE416363FD9DEE67" box="[508,574,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Mesosoma dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus mesoamericanus. (F) Synergus nicaraguensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276884/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
D) with, undulate transverse rugae, the interspaces with coriarious sculpture. Notauli percurrent, deep and wide thorough, crossed regularly by transversal mesoscutal sculpture; notauli moderately converging posteriorly. Median mesoscutal impression visible but shallowly impressed. Anteroadmedian signa visible. Scutellar foveae rounded, smooth, anterior margins straight and not quite diverging abruptly from the fissure transscutal, posterior margins distinct. Scutellum subpentagonal, not margined, with reticulate rugose sculpture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF8C601FF6F621FFEB7EF2B" box="[210,276,1304,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Mesosoma dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus mesoamericanus. (F) Synergus nicaraguensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276884/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Mesopleuron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF8C601FE5F621FFD93EF2B" box="[482,560,1304,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1803,1826]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,171,1783]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 11. Mesosoma lateral view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus nicaraguensis. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus gabrieli. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276887/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
D) with the horizontal striae obscured by reticulate rugae, the interspaces with coriarious sculpture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF8C601FF7A6267FE49EF87" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lateral propodeal carinae distinct, broad, slightly convergent posteriorly. Median propodeal area pubescent, not sculptured. Nucha sulcate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF8C601FF7A62AEFB65EFDB" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1940]" box="[199,1222,1448,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Legs. Tarsal claw with secondary acute tooth measuring about 1/2 of length of apical tooth.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF8C601FF7A62CBFED4EC4B" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF8C601FEFC62CBFE32EFFF" box="[321,401,1484,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,145,1945]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 17. Forewing of Synergus species: (A) Synergus laticephalus. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus ramoni (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus rufinotaulis. (G) Synergus gabrieli. (H) Synergus chiricanus. (I) Synergus luteus. (J) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276893/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
F). As long as body. Radial cell long, 3 times longer than wide. All the veins well pigmented, R1 well visible along margin of radial cell although narrowed and less pigmented, radial cell closed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF8C601FABF62F7FAF1EC13" box="[1282,1362,1520,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,145,1945]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 17. Forewing of Synergus species: (A) Synergus laticephalus. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus ramoni (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus rufinotaulis. (G) Synergus gabrieli. (H) Synergus chiricanus. (I) Synergus luteus. (J) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276893/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
F; areolet indistinct; vein Rs+M visible. Basal cell with sparse spaced setae. Apical margin of wing with a moderately long fringe of setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF8C601FF7A615AFC1AECFB" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Metasoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF8C601FEF7615BFE38EC6F" box="[330,411,1628,1652]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1648]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1648]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 13. Metasoma lateral view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus rufinotaulis. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus ramoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276889/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
C). As long as head plus mesosoma. First metasomal tergum longitudinally sulcate dorsally. Metasomal tergum T2+3 fused, covering almost the entire metasoma, smooth and shining, with well visible micropunctures, extended in posterior one third of tergite. Projecting part of hypopygial spine slightly extended beyond attachment of lateral flap; apical setae not projected beyond apex spine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF8C601FF7A61ECFBBDED1F" box="[199,1054,1771,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF8C601FF7A61ECFBBDED1F" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1940]" box="[199,1054,1771,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF8C601FF7A61ECFEC3ED1F" bold="true" box="[199,352,1771,1796]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Confined to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF8C601FDA161EAFDEFED1E" box="[540,588,1773,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality Volcán Barú (Chiriqui,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF8C601FC0861EBFBB0ED1F" box="[949,1043,1772,1796]" name="Panama" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF8C601FF7A6008FD45ED8F" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF8C601FF7A6008FD45ED8F" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF8C601FF7A6008FE84ED33" bold="true" box="[199,295,1807,1832]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF8C601FE936017FDBCED33" box="[302,543,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufinotaulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF8C601FE936017FDBCED33" box="[302,543,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Synergus rufinotaulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is present as inquiline in galls of an undescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF8C601FBED6016FB3DED33" box="[1104,1182,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF8C601FBED6016FB3DED33" box="[1104,1182,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF8C601FABA6017FAF9ED33" box="[1287,1370,1808,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,177,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[151,1436,177,1861]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 22. Host galls of Synergus species from Panama: (A) unidentified cynipid genus on twigs of Quercus salicifolia, (B) undescribed species of Loxaulus or Bassettia genera on Quercus bumelioides, (C) gall of an unidentified genus, (D) Cynips sp. nov., (E) Neuroterus sp. nov., (F) Cynips sp. nov., (G) unidentified cynipid genus on Quercus salicifolia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276898/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
D), as well as in other detachable galls induced by an unknown cynipid species, presumably a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF8C601FBDB6032FB17ED57" box="[1126,1204,1845,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF8C601FBDB6032FB17ED57" box="[1126,1204,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species as well (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF8C601FAD36033FF15ED6B" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,177,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[151,1436,177,1861]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 22. Host galls of Synergus species from Panama: (A) unidentified cynipid genus on twigs of Quercus salicifolia, (B) undescribed species of Loxaulus or Bassettia genera on Quercus bumelioides, (C) gall of an unidentified genus, (D) Cynips sp. nov., (E) Neuroterus sp. nov., (F) Cynips sp. nov., (G) unidentified cynipid genus on Quercus salicifolia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276898/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
F). In both cases, the host galls are spherical in shape, detachable and fall to the ground when mature. They grow on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF8C601FF07607AFE06ED8F" box="[186,421,1916,1940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bumelioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF8C601FF07607AFE06ED8F" box="[186,421,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Quercus bumelioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF8C601FE0B607AFDB7ED8F" box="[438,532,1917,1940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF8C601FE0B607AFDB7ED8F" box="[438,532,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF8C601FD9F607BFDDCED8F" box="[546,639,1916,1940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||
section).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |