183 lines
21 KiB
XML
183 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="717F1BD7149F18CA404EAAB520513EBC" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.156112" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f86b2225-fd69-4d14-888f-1656863a3244" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="156112" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459440574016" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Béthoux, Olivier & Nel, André" docDate="2002" docId="03A487F05716FB7EFECA8C27983FA3FD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00096.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 96" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Gerarus bruesi Meunier 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FF9DFF885734FB5AFFC288139B43A04B" masterDocTitle="Venation pattern and revision of Orthoptera sensu nov. and sister groups. Phylogeny of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Orthoptera sensu nov." masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698189919819" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2FDEBC6934B1467CFB28BB904A7B91E1">Venation pattern and revision of Orthoptera sensu nov. and sister groups. Phylogeny of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Orthoptera sensu nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="48E3725F8F20BABF744E185DF67327D7">Béthoux, Olivier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="04F5434BDF0D2F8060D43D4BB9445E22">Nel, André</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2EFA428A99EC6B6330FDA9E4ABAB7129">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="11F06239DF35AA32DC40F9C74496CA85">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="55F804A9FD9DB5634EE5AF7A8CBE74BF">
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<mods:date id="5CD2BF6AF6F7CDAFDF7CF79B0013A190">2002</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="99AFDD9BE1F2B55EBD487632DF2E0C56" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="909260DFC83F0E295795405ADEFAFECD">96</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C798CDADCA66A5F4241053DA8E350657">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C71BBFE7E782A384C576FD457EBBE56D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.156112</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A487F05716FB7EFECA8C27983FA3FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6278048" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119330381" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6278048" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487F05716FB7EFECA8C27983FA3FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487F05716FB7EFECA8C27983FA3FD" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection id="C317656D5716FB78FECA8C279ADAA43A" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E65716FB78FECA8C27993BA406" blockId="34.[264,632,1075,1137]" box="[264,632,1075,1102]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<heading id="D0FA818A5716FB78FECA8C27993BA406" bold="true" box="[264,632,1075,1102]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D655716FB78FECA8C27993BA406" authority="Meunier, 1909" authorityName="Meunier" authorityYear="1909" box="[264,632,1075,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Geraridae" genus="Gerarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geraroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruesi">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF45716FB78FECA8C27993BA406" bold="true" box="[264,632,1075,1102]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF45716FB78FECA8C279AFDA405" bold="true" box="[264,446,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Gerarus bruesi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B175716FB78FE078C20993BA406" author="Meunier" box="[453,632,1075,1101]" pageId="34" pageNumber="70" refString="Meunier, F. (1909) Nouveaux Insectes du Stephanien de Commentry (Cinquieme note). Bulletin du Museum diHistoire Naturelle de Paris, 15, 37 - 49." type="journal article" year="1909">Meunier, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E65716FB78FECA8C449ADAA43A" blockId="34.[264,632,1075,1137]" box="[264,409,1111,1137]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13362A635716FB78FED28C449AD2A43A" box="[272,401,1111,1137]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 13" captionStart-1="FIGURE 14" captionStartId-0="35.[264,370,1295,1321]" captionStartId-1="36.[264,368,1615,1639]" captionTargetBox-0="[267,1318,334,1277]" captionTargetBox-1="[297,1282,1009,1588]" captionTargetId-0="figure@35.[267,1320,787,1277]" captionTargetId-1="figure@36.[264,1323,1009,1588]" captionTargetPageId-0="35" captionTargetPageId-1="36" captionText-0="FIGURE 13. Gerarus bruesi, holotype specimen MNHNLPR. 51164 (counterpart): reconstruction" captionText-1="FIGURE 14. Gerarus bruesi, holotype specimen MNHNLPR. 51164 (counterpart): photograph of the mediocubital area (detail of common stem M + CuA, distal free part of CuA, and fusion of CuA and CuPa). (scale bar represents 3 mm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/156124/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/168686/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 1314</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C317656D5716FB7EFECA8CB4983FA3FD" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E65716FB78FECA8CB4987EA495" blockId="34.[264,1040,1191,1374]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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1909
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<emphasis id="B979EAF45716FB78FE868CB49975A4F5" box="[324,566,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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Archaeacridites
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D655716FB78FE368CB49975A4F5" authority="Meunier" authorityName="Meunier" box="[500,566,1191,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Geraridae" genus="Gerarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geraroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruesi">bruesi</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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Meunier, 4546, fig. 2 (original description) 1919
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D655716FB78FE868CD49961A495" box="[324,546,1223,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sthenaropoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruesi">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF45716FB78FE868CD49961A495" box="[324,546,1223,1246]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Sthenaropoda bruesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Handlirsch, 547, fig. 48.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E65716FB78FECA8CF4981EA4B5" blockId="34.[264,1040,1191,1374]" box="[264,861,1255,1278]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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1929
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<emphasis id="B979EAF45716FB78FE868CF49975A4B5" box="[324,566,1255,1278]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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||
Archaeacridites
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D655716FB78FE368CF49975A4B5" box="[500,566,1255,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sthenaropoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruesi">bruesi</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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ñ Vignon, 112, pl. 3, fig. 2.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E65716FB78FECA8D14986FA555" blockId="34.[264,1040,1191,1374]" box="[264,812,1287,1310]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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1983
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D655716FB78FE868D149AA4A555" box="[324,487,1287,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Geraridae" genus="Gerarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geraroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruesi">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF45716FB78FE868D149AA4A555" box="[324,487,1287,1310]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Gerarus bruesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Burnham, 3536, figs 1819.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E65716FB78FECA8D34984DA515" blockId="34.[264,1040,1191,1374]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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1992
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D655716FB78FE868D349AA4A575" box="[324,487,1319,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Geraridae" genus="Gerarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geraroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruesi">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF45716FB78FE868D349AA4A575" box="[324,487,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Gerarus bruesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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KukalováPeck & Brauckmann, 2461, fig. 27. 1992
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D655716FB78FE868D549AA4A515" box="[324,487,1351,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Geraridae" genus="Gerarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geraroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruesi">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF45716FB78FE868D549AA4A515" box="[324,487,1351,1374]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Gerarus bruesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Carpenter 122, fig. 72.3a.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E65716FB78FECA8D9C984CA59A" blockId="34.[264,1324,1423,1889]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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Material:
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<typeStatus id="54B688445716FB78FEB98D9C9AA2A5E2" box="[379,481,1423,1449]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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specimen MNHNLPR.51164, Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris,
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<collectingCountry id="F31A76765716FB78FD758DA49849A59A" box="[695,778,1463,1489]" name="France" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">France</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E65716FB78FEFA8DCC9E40A5B2" blockId="34.[264,1324,1423,1889]" box="[312,1283,1503,1529]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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Geological settings: Stephanian, Upper Carboniferous, Commentry, Allier,
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<collectingCountry id="F31A76765716FB78FB698DCC9FBCA5B2" box="[1195,1279,1503,1529]" name="France" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">France</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E65716FB78FEFA8E14992AA63A" blockId="34.[264,1324,1423,1889]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis. CuPb lost in network below CuPa/CuPa. MA2 simple or very distally ramified; origin of MP in very distal position, just distal of first ramification of CuA + CuPa; CuPb very ramified.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E65716FB78FEFA8E6C98DBA72A" blockId="34.[264,1324,1423,1889]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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Note. The revision of this specimen was necessary because
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B175716FB78FBC48E6C9E68A6D2" author="Burnham" box="[1030,1323,1663,1689]" pageId="34" pageNumber="67" refString="Burnham, L. (1983) Studies on Upper Carboniferous insects: 1. The Geraridae (Order Protorthoptera). Psyche, 90, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="1983">Burnham (1983: fig. 18)</bibRefCitation>
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did not figure vein ScA and because the convexity of main veins was unknown, partly indicated in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B175716FB78FE628EDC9837A6A2" author="Kukalova-Peck" box="[416,884,1743,1769]" pageId="34" pageNumber="69" refString="Kukalova-Peck, J. & Brauckmann, C. (1992). Most Paleozoic Protorthoptera are ancestral hemipteroids: major wing braces as clues to a new phylogeny of Neoptera (Insecta). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, 2452 - 2473." type="journal article" year="1992">KukalováPeck & Brauckmann (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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, but with some differences with the present redescription. These last authors figured several veins at the wing base, which they named ‘MA’, ‘CuA’ and ‘AA1’. These veins are not visible on the fossil, particularly because there is a common basal stem of R + M + CuA.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF72666E5717FB79FECA8D1C9E6FA562" box="[264,1324,1295,1321]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156124/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[267,1318,334,1277]" targetPageId="35">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E65717FB79FECA8D1C9E6FA562" blockId="35.[264,1324,1295,1361]" box="[264,1324,1295,1321]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF45717FB79FECA8D1C9AD1A562" bold="true" box="[264,402,1295,1321]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 13</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D655717FB79FE628D019902A562" box="[416,577,1298,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Geraridae" genus="Gerarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geraroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruesi">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF45717FB79FE628D019902A562" box="[416,577,1298,1321]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Gerarus bruesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, holotype specimen MNHNLPR.51164 (counterpart): reconstruction
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E65717FB79FECA8D2998DAA51A" blockId="35.[264,1324,1295,1361]" box="[264,921,1338,1361]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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and photograph (lightmirrored). (scale bar represents
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<quantity id="4CF59B035717FB79FC898D2998CEA51A" box="[843,909,1338,1361]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E65717FB7EFEFA8D9B982CA23D" blockId="35.[264,1325,1416,1882]" lastBlockId="36.[264,1325,284,950]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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Redescription. Counterpart of a nearly complete forewing perfectly preserved with only the apex missing. Preserved length 46.0 mm, width
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<quantity id="4CF59B035717FB79FC6C8DA39F58A581" box="[942,1051,1456,1482]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.51" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="15.1">15.1 mm</quantity>
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; ScA reaching anterior margin
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<quantity id="4CF59B035717FB79FEA58DCB9A95A5B9" box="[359,470,1496,1522]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="12.3">12.3 mm</quantity>
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from wing base; ScP anteriorly pectinate, with branches simple and slightly sigmoidal; base of
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<collectingCountry id="F31A76765717FB79FD978E13993AA651" box="[597,633,1536,1562]" name="Poland" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">RP</collectingCountry>
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<quantity id="4CF59B035717FB79FD478E1399B2A651" box="[645,753,1536,1562]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="18.5">18.5 mm</quantity>
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distal of wing base; ScP and R (+ M + CuA) basally separated; presence of a common stem R + (M + CuA); RA convex, anteriorly pectinate, with its branches dichotomously ramified; first branch of RA
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<quantity id="4CF59B035717FB79FBA78E439F82A621" box="[1125,1217,1616,1642]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="8.7">8.7 mm</quantity>
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distal of base of
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<collectingCountry id="F31A76765717FB79FEA18E6B9AC9A6D9" box="[355,394,1656,1682]" name="Poland" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">RP</collectingCountry>
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; area between RA and
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<collectingCountry id="F31A76765717FB79FD5A8E6B99FFA6D9" box="[664,700,1656,1682]" name="Poland" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">RP</collectingCountry>
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with sigmoidal crossveins; convexity of
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<collectingCountry id="F31A76765717FB79FB658E6B9F88A6D9" box="[1191,1227,1656,1682]" name="Poland" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">RP</collectingCountry>
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neutral;
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<collectingCountry id="F31A76765717FB79FECA8EB39A6FA6F1" box="[264,300,1696,1722]" name="Poland" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">RP</collectingCountry>
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dichotomously ramified distally, with one anterior branch fused with posterior branch of RA; CuA separated from M in the basal third of the wing; M dichotomously ramified into MA and MP; first anterior branch of MA close to
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<collectingCountry id="F31A76765717FB79FC5F8EE39882A741" box="[925,961,1776,1802]" name="Poland" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">RP</collectingCountry>
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, dichotomously ramified; area between branches of
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<collectingCountry id="F31A76765717FB79FDC88F0B996DA779" box="[522,558,1816,1842]" name="Poland" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">RP</collectingCountry>
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and branches of M with more or less regularly spaced straight crossveins; free part of CuA short, basal of its fusion with CuPa; CuA + CuPa posteriorly pectinate, with its two first posterior branches concave; sigmoidal crossveins between M and CuA + CuPa; CuPa short basal of its fusion with CuA; CuPa with an apical fork; a network of irregular cells in area between CuA + CuPa and CuPa; division of CuP into CuPa and CuPb near wing base; an anterior branch of CuPb (CuPb), lost in the network between CuPb and CuPa, posterior branch of CuP (CuPb) divided into three long branches; area between CuPa/CuPa and CuPb very broad (largest width opposite origin of CuPa /CuPa), with an irregular network of cells; 1A apparently separated from CuP close to the base of the wing, distally ramified; three main veins in anal area basal of 1A, only the third being branched.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E65710FB7EFEFA8A97983FA3FD" blockId="36.[264,1325,284,950]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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Comparison with other
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D655710FB7EFD928A979984A2D5" box="[592,711,644,670]" class="Insecta" family="Geraridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geraroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geraridae</taxonomicName>
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.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D655710FB7EFD108A9798C6A2D6" box="[722,901,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Geraridae" genus="Gerarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geraroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF45710FB7EFD108A9798C6A2D6" box="[722,901,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Gerarus bruesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D655710FB7EFB9F8A979E67A2D6" box="[1117,1316,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Geraridae" genus="Gerarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geraroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danielsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF45710FB7EFB9F8A979E67A2D6" box="[1117,1316,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Gerarus danielsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These two taxa share: (1) a simple MA2 or very distally ramified; (2) an anterior branch of MP simple or very distally ramified; (3) a network of cells in area between CuPa/CuPa; (4) a densely ramified CuPb.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D655710FB7EFDA68AEF984AA35E" box="[612,777,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Geraridae" genus="Gerarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geraroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF45710FB7EFDA68AEF984AA35E" box="[612,777,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Gerarus vetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B175710FB7EFC788AEF9A8DA375" author="Kukalova-Peck" pageId="36" pageNumber="69" refString="Kukalova-Peck, J. & Brauckmann, C. (1992). Most Paleozoic Protorthoptera are ancestral hemipteroids: major wing braces as clues to a new phylogeny of Neoptera (Insecta). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, 2452 - 2473." type="journal article" year="1992">KukalováPeck & Brauckmann (1992: fig. 13)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, has different right and left forewings, with apparently different organisation of veins MA, MA1, MA2 and MP. Nevertheless, the right forewing has an anterior branch of MA very close to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A76765710FB7EFD7B8B67999EA3C5" box="[697,733,884,910]" name="Poland" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">RP</collectingCountry>
|
||
and these veins being connected by a short crossvein. This character is also present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D655710FB7EFD018B8F9836A3FE" box="[707,885,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Geraridae" genus="Gerarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geraroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF45710FB7EFD018B8F9836A3FE" box="[707,885,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Gerarus bruesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |