treatments-xml/data/03/A4/87/03A487A1FFFB3E52C5977BC607B17D2C.xml
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<mods:title id="E81AD35637DA9BEF8201CD8E8A44F6E5">Recent collections of sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from China seas, with some new records and a checklist of the area</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B979EAA5FFFB3E52C5977BC604FF7993" bold="true" box="[151,447,441,468]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Paranymphon spinosum</emphasis>
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(
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C496785E07D67A7A" author="Caullery, M." box="[406,662,545,570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="361 - 364" refId="ref5770" refString="Caullery, M. (1896) Pycnogonides. Resultats scientifiques de la campagne du Caudan dans le golfe de Gascogne, aout-sept. Annales de Universite de Lyon, 26, 361 - 364." type="journal article" year="1896">Caullery, 1896: 361362</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 12: figs. 16;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C653785E016C7A7A" author="Hedgpeth, J. W." box="[851,1068,545,570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="157 - 342" refId="ref6102" refString="Hedgpeth, J. W. (1948) The Pycnogonida of the western North Atlantic and the Caribbean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 97, 157 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.97 - 3216.157" type="journal article" year="1948">Hedgpeth, 1948: 253</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 41;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10A6FFFB3E52C18A785E002E7A7A" author="Stock, J. H." box="[1162,1390,545,570]" page="204" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C18A785E002E7A7A" author="Stock, J. H." box="[1162,1390,545,570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="189 - 219" refId="ref7743" refString="Stock, J. H. (1978) Abyssal Pycnogonida from the north-eastern Atlantic bassin part 1. Cahiers de biologie marine, 19, 189 - 219." type="journal article" year="1978">Stock, 1978: 204205</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 5dg;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10A6FFFB3E52C408783F07067A18" author="Nakamura, K. &amp; Child, C. A." box="[264,582,576,601]" page="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C408783F07067A18" author="Nakamura, K. &amp; Child, C. A." box="[264,582,576,601]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref7203" refString="Nakamura, K. &amp; Child, C. A. (1983) Shallow-water Pycnogonida from the Izu Peninsula, Japan. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 386, 1 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.386" type="journal article" year="1983">Nakamura and Child, 1983: 38</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10A6FFFB3E52C751783F064A7A19" author="Bamber, R. N." box="[593,778,576,601]" page="69" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C751783F064A7A19" author="Bamber, R. N." box="[593,778,576,601]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="65 - 74" refId="ref5252" refString="Bamber, R. N. (1983) Some deep water Pycnogonids from the north-east Atlantic. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 77, 65 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1983. tb 01721. x" type="journal article" year="1983">Bamber, 1983: 69</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 3 (B);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10A6FFFB3E52C681783F016F7A18" author="Stock, J. H." box="[897,1071,576,601]" page="413" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C681783F016F7A18" author="Stock, J. H." box="[897,1071,576,601]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="399 - 441" refId="ref7812" refString="Stock, J. H. (1986) Pycnogonida from the Caribbean and the Straits of Florida. Bulletin of marine Science, 38, 399 - 441." type="journal article" year="1986">Stock, 1986: 413</bibRefCitation>
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[text], fig. 4;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10A6FFFB3E52C1BE783E04637A37" author="Hong, J. S. &amp; Kim, I. H." page="149" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C1BE783E04637A37" author="Hong, J. S. &amp; Kim, I. H." pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="137 - 164" refId="ref6339" refString="Hong, J. S. &amp; Kim, I. H. (1987) Korean pycnogonids chiefly based on the collections of the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 3, 137 - 164." type="journal article" year="1987">Hong and Kim, 1987: 149150</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 8, 9;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10A6FFFB3E52C493782107657A37" author="Child, C. A." box="[403,549,606,631]" page="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C493782107657A37" author="Child, C. A." box="[403,549,606,631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref5806" refString="Child, C. A. (1992) Shallow-water Pycnogonida of the Gulf of Mexico. Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises, 9 (1), 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="1992">Child, 1992: 8</bibRefCitation>
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(key), 9 (table), 3133, fig. 14;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10A6FFFB3E52C66A782101F97A37" author="Bamber, R. N. &amp; Thurston, M. H." box="[874,1209,606,631]" page="129" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C66A782101F97A37" author="Bamber, R. N. &amp; Thurston, M. H." box="[874,1209,606,631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="117 - 162" refId="ref5542" refString="Bamber, R. N. &amp; Thurston, M. H. (1995) The deep-water pycnogonids (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Zoological journal of the Linnean Society, 115, 117 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1995. tb 02325. x" type="journal article" year="1995">Bamber and Thurston, 1995: 129</bibRefCitation>
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(key), 132.
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; Male (TIO2019Y1101), Xiamen,
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,
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depth
</elevation>
,
<date id="FFB31077FFFB3E52C6E578B6012A7AA3" box="[997,1130,713,740]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" value="2019-06-01">
<collectingDate id="EFF7E99FFFFB3E52C6E578B6012A7AA3" box="[997,1130,713,740]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" value="2019-06-01">1 Jun. 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26F85361FFFB3E52C17478B600487AA4" box="[1140,1288,713,740]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Yaqin Huang</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26F85361FFFB3E52C02B78B500CD7AA3" box="[1323,1421,713,740]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Kun Liu</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317653CFFFB3E52C5C7789201617B0F" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB236B7FFFB3E52C5C7789201617B0F" blockId="2.[151,1437,677,1388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis id="B979EAA5FFFB3E52C5C7789204197B48" bold="true" box="[199,345,749,776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Distribution</emphasis>
This species was usually collected from the North Atlantic, but had also been reported in the Northwest Pacific, including the Western Yellow Sea, Western Kyushu and Eastern Honshu (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C1B9796E05937B0F" author="Nakamura, K. &amp; Child, C. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref7249" refString="Nakamura, K. &amp; Child, C. A. (1991) Pycnogonida from waters adjacent to Japan. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 512, 1 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.512" type="journal article" year="1991">Nakamura &amp; Child, 1991</bibRefCitation>
). Our specimens extended the species distribution to the Southwest Pacific.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317653CFFFB3E52C5C7792507B17D2C" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB236B7FFFB3E52C5C7792504C67C43" blockId="2.[151,1437,677,1388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis id="B979EAA5FFFB3E52C5C7792504747B34" bold="true" box="[199,308,858,884]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Remarks</emphasis>
There were just four species in genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D34FFFB3E52C7E1792601327B33" authority="(Bamber et al. 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Bamber" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[737,1138,857,883]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Ammotheidae" genus="Paranymphon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAA5FFFB3E52C7E1792606C07B33" box="[737,896,857,883]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Paranymphon</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C68E792601297B33" author="Bamber, R. N. &amp; El Nagar, A. &amp; Arango, C. P." box="[910,1129,857,883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" refId="ref5491" refString="Bamber, R. N., El Nagar, A. &amp; Arango, C. P. (Eds.) (2020) Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / pycnobase (accessed 23 March 2020)" type="url" year="2020">
Bamber
<emphasis id="B979EAA5FFFB3E52C6EF792501677B33" box="[1007,1063,857,883]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and the characteristics for determining and distinguishing them were distinctive.
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D34FFFB3E52C7FC790106C67BD7" authorityName="Caullery" authorityYear="1896" box="[764,902,894,920]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Ammotheidae" genus="Paranymphon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">
<emphasis id="B979EAA5FFFB3E52C7FC7901064D7BD7" box="[764,781,894,919]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B979EAA5FFFB3E52C61C790106C67BD7" box="[796,902,894,919]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">spinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D34FFFB3E52C16C790100797BD7" authorityName="Hong &amp; Kim" authorityYear="1987" box="[1132,1337,893,919]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Ammotheidae" genus="Paranymphon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnidigitatum">
<emphasis id="B979EAA5FFFB3E52C16C790100797BD7" box="[1132,1337,893,919]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">P. magnidigitatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C0417901044F7BFB" author="Hong, J. S. &amp; Kim, I. H." pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="137 - 164" refId="ref6339" refString="Hong, J. S. &amp; Kim, I. H. (1987) Korean pycnogonids chiefly based on the collections of the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 3, 137 - 164." type="journal article" year="1987">Hong &amp; Kim, 1987</bibRefCitation>
with larger chela fingers and two tubercles on the first coxa, and could be easily distinguished with the other two speices,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D34FFFB3E52C46679B9071F7B9F" authority="Stock 1986" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1986" box="[358,607,965,991]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Ammotheidae" genus="Paranymphon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filarium">
<emphasis id="B979EAA5FFFB3E52C46679B9049B7B9F" box="[358,475,965,991]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">P. filarium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C4E179BA071F7B9F" author="Stock, J. H." box="[481,607,965,991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="399 - 441" refId="ref7812" refString="Stock, J. H. (1986) Pycnogonida from the Caribbean and the Straits of Florida. Bulletin of marine Science, 38, 399 - 441." type="journal article" year="1986">Stock 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D34FFFB3E52C79579B906FE7B9F" authority="Arango, 2009" authorityName="Arango" authorityYear="2009" box="[661,958,965,992]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Ammotheidae" genus="Paranymphon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifilarium">
<emphasis id="B979EAA5FFFB3E52C79579B9065F7B9F" box="[661,799,965,991]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">P. bifilarium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C62479B906FE7B9F" author="Arango, C. P." box="[804,958,965,992]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref5074" refString="Arango, C. P. (2009) New species and new records of sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from deep waters in Western Australia. Zootaxa, 1977 (1), 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1977.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Arango, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
which shared the presence of long filiform spurs (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C5E17996043B7C43" author="Arango, C. P." box="[225,379,1001,1027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref5074" refString="Arango, C. P. (2009) New species and new records of sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from deep waters in Western Australia. Zootaxa, 1977 (1), 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1977.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Arango 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B7FFFB3E52C5C77E7206257C9B" blockId="2.[151,1437,677,1388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
The stellate spines of lateral processes agreed with illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D34FFFB3E52C6AD7E7101397C67" authorityName="Hong &amp; Kim" authorityYear="1987" box="[941,1145,1037,1063]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Ammotheidae" genus="Paranymphon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnidigitatum">
<emphasis id="B979EAA5FFFB3E52C6AD7E7101397C67" box="[941,1145,1037,1063]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">P. magnidigitatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 10c in
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C0097E7105907C0B" author="Hong, J. S. &amp; Kim, I. H." pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="137 - 164" refId="ref6339" refString="Hong, J. S. &amp; Kim, I. H. (1987) Korean pycnogonids chiefly based on the collections of the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 3, 137 - 164." type="journal article" year="1987">Hong &amp; Kim 1987</bibRefCitation>
) and were different from the Stocks figures for
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D34FFFB3E52C7FF7E4D06CA7C0B" authorityName="Caullery" authorityYear="1896" box="[767,906,1074,1100]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Ammotheidae" genus="Paranymphon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">
<emphasis id="B979EAA5FFFB3E52C7FF7E4D06507C0B" box="[767,784,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B979EAA5FFFB3E52C6207E4D06CA7C0B" box="[800,906,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">spinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<quantity id="4CF59B52FFFB3E52C6D17E4E06AD7C0C" box="[977,1005,1073,1100]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" unit="g" value="5.0">5g</quantity>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C1147E4E01D97C0B" author="Stock, J. H." box="[1044,1177,1073,1099]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="189 - 219" refId="ref7743" refString="Stock, J. H. (1978) Abyssal Pycnogonida from the north-eastern Atlantic bassin part 1. Cahiers de biologie marine, 19, 189 - 219." type="journal article" year="1978">Stock 1978</bibRefCitation>
). The formula of compound spines on the terminal oviger articles was 4: 4: 1: 1, and slightly different from the illustrations in
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C0407E29045C7CD3" author="Hong, J. S. &amp; Kim, I. H." pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="137 - 164" refId="ref6339" refString="Hong, J. S. &amp; Kim, I. H. (1987) Korean pycnogonids chiefly based on the collections of the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 3, 137 - 164." type="journal article" year="1987">Hong &amp; Kim (1987)</bibRefCitation>
which was 4: 4: 2: 1. The swelling of the second palp article was present on the lateral surface (
<figureCitation id="13362A32FFFB3E52C06F7E0605F87CF8" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1743,1768]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,184,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Propallene sp. (TIO2016CNHD3101) female, a. trunk, dorsal view; b. oviger; c. terminal articles of oviger, enlarged; d. compound spines on terminal articles of oviger, enlarged; e. chela; f. Leg 3; g. tarsus, propodus and claw of leg 3, enlarged; Propallene sp. indet., (TIO908XM2901) Juvenile, h. tarsus, propodus and claw of leg 3, enlarged; Paranymphon spinosum (TIO2016DH0501) male, i. palp, dorsal view. Scale bars a, f=0.5 mm, b, g, i=0.2 mm, c, e, h=0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3907604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3907604/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Fig. 2-i</figureCitation>
), and different from the figure in
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C72F7EE1064E7CF7" author="Hong, J. S. &amp; Kim, I. H." box="[559,782,1181,1208]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="137 - 164" refId="ref6339" refString="Hong, J. S. &amp; Kim, I. H. (1987) Korean pycnogonids chiefly based on the collections of the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 3, 137 - 164." type="journal article" year="1987">Hong &amp; Kim (1987</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 8b) which appeared in ventral view. The third article, slightly longer than the second one, was the longest palp article.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B7FFFB3E52C5C77E9A07B17D2C" blockId="2.[151,1437,677,1388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C5C77E9A041B7CBF" author="Stock, J. H." box="[199,347,1253,1279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="189 - 219" refId="ref7743" refString="Stock, J. H. (1978) Abyssal Pycnogonida from the north-eastern Atlantic bassin part 1. Cahiers de biologie marine, 19, 189 - 219." type="journal article" year="1978">Stock (1978)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D34FFFB3E52C4DA7E9907227CBF" authorityName="Caullery" authorityYear="1896" box="[474,610,1254,1279]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Ammotheidae" genus="Paranymphon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">
<emphasis id="B979EAA5FFFB3E52C4DA7E9907227CBF" box="[474,610,1254,1279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">P. spinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as “a variable species” and supposed the variations depend on the age, and also found the differences between the materials from the West Indian and the
<typeStatus id="54B68815FFFB3E52C1357F7501257D64" box="[1077,1125,1290,1316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">type</typeStatus>
location, the Bay of Biscay (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B46FFFB3E52C59F7F5204637D08" author="Stock, J. H." box="[159,291,1325,1352]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="399 - 441" refId="ref7812" refString="Stock, J. H. (1986) Pycnogonida from the Caribbean and the Straits of Florida. Bulletin of marine Science, 38, 399 - 441." type="journal article" year="1986">Stock 1986</bibRefCitation>
). Given the lack of significant differences and the variations in this species, we consider that this specimens should be temporarily attributed to
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D34FFFB3E52C7657F2D07AB7D2B" authorityName="Caullery" authorityYear="1896" box="[613,747,1362,1387]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Ammotheidae" genus="Paranymphon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">
<emphasis id="B979EAA5FFFB3E52C7657F2D07AB7D2B" box="[613,747,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">P. spinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>