265 lines
32 KiB
XML
265 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a15" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1e89d723-7f54-4d6b-85dd-6bcd573eca32" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3694209" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9DD3CC29-3AEA-44B8-8E8F-6AD882DF5B1C" checkinTime="1583172268754" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Bonis, Louis de, Gardin, Axelle & Blondel, Cécile" docDate="2019" docId="03A487991A69FF95FF40FB586D6AFD1C" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.41.15.601-621.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 41 (15)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pachycynodon filholi Schlosser 1888" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="610" masterDocId="FF9DFFE11A60FF9EFFADFF8D6E62FF8E" masterDocTitle="Carnivora from the early Oligocene of the ‘ Phosphorites du Quercy’ in southwestern France" masterLastPageNumber="621" masterPageNumber="601" pageNumber="608" updateTime="1675702286038" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Carnivora from the early Oligocene of the ‘ Phosphorites du Quercy’ in southwestern France</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bonis, Louis de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">louis.debonis@univ-poitiers.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gardin, Axelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">axelle.gardin@univ-poitiers.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Blondel, Cécile</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">cecile.blondel@univ-poitiers.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2019-09-10</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>41</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>601</mods:start>
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<mods:end>621</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a15</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">1e89d723-7f54-4d6b-85dd-6bcd573eca32</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3694209</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9DD3CC29-3AEA-44B8-8E8F-6AD882DF5B1C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3703509" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162367535" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3703509" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487991A69FF95FF40FB586D6AFD1C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487991A69FF95FF40FB586D6AFD1C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="610" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">
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<subSubSection box="[237,670,1237,1264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[237,670,1237,1296]" box="[237,670,1237,1264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">
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<heading box="[237,670,1237,1264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">
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<taxonomicName authority="Schlosser, 1888" authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1888" box="[237,670,1237,1264]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filholi">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[237,390,1237,1264]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">Pachycynodon</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[430,495,1237,1264]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">filholi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Schlosser" box="[502,670,1238,1264]" firstAuthor="Schlosser" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref19017" refString="SCHLOSSER M. 1888. - Die Affen, Lemuren, Chiropteren, Insectivoren, Marsupialier, Creodonten und Carnivoren des europaischen Tertiars und deren Beziehungen zu ihren lebenden und fossilen aussereuropaischen Verwandten. Beitrage zur Palaontologie Osterreich Ungarns und des Orients I. Theil 6: 1 - 224. II Theil 7: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1888">Schlosser, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[363,544,1269,1296]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="9.[237,670,1237,1296]" box="[363,544,1269,1296]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">
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||
(
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<figureCitation box="[370,456,1269,1296]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,217,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[747,1305,758,1327]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — A, Pachycynodon boriei or curvirostris (Filhol, 1876): A1-A3, UP LPL13, right m1, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; A4, A5, d3-d4, in buccal (A4), and lingual (A5) views; B, C, Pachycynodon sp. 1; B, UP MGB9, left d4, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views (stereo); C, UM VD16, right d4, in buccal (C1), lingual (C2) view, and occlusal (C3) views; D, Pachycynodon sp. 2, UM VD18, right d4; D1, lingual view, occlusal (D2), and buccal (D3) views; E, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, UM VD7, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (E1), lingual (E2), and occlusal (E3) views; F, Pachycynodon sp. 3, UM VD48 M1, in occlusal view; G, Pachycynodon sp. 4, UM VD50 M1, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694213/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">Figs 2E</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation box="[467,535,1270,1296]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[190,1388,179,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[747,1305,762,1331]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — A, Pachycynodon sp. 3, left M1-M2, UM VD47, in occlusal view; B, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, UM VD5, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; C-E, Pachycynodon cf. dubius; C, left hemi-mandible UM VD14, in buccal (C1), lingual (C2), and occlusal (C3) views; D, right hemimandible UM VD4, in lingual (D1) and buccal (D2) views; E, right hemimandible VD6, in buccal (E1), and occlusal (E2) views; F, Cephalogale sp., left mandible UP MGB26, in lingual (F1), and buccal (F2) views; G, Pachycynodon sp. 5, left P4 UP VD51, in occlusal (G1), and mesial (G2) views; H, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, right m2, UP LPL14, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694215/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">3B, H</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="608" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph blockId="9.[132,775,1326,1430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">
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||
<collectionCode box="[132,181,1326,1350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">TYPE</collectionCode>
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||
<collectionCode box="[187,279,1331,1348]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">MATERIAL</collectionCode>
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||
. —
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<materialsCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="608">
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<typeStatus box="[324,420,1327,1351]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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by designation of Teilhard (
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<bibRefCitation author="Teilhard" firstAuthor="Teilhard" page="38" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" pagination="103 - 190" refId="ref19194" refString="TEILHARD DE CHARDIN P. 1915. - Les carnassiers des phosphorites du Quercy. Annales de Paleontologie 9: 103 - 190." type="journal article" year="1915">Teilhard 1915: 38</bibRefCitation>
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): fragment of left hemi-mandible with broken p2, p3-m1 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Schlosser" box="[140,325,1379,1403]" firstAuthor="Schlosser" page="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref19017" refString="SCHLOSSER M. 1888. - Die Affen, Lemuren, Chiropteren, Insectivoren, Marsupialier, Creodonten und Carnivoren des europaischen Tertiars und deren Beziehungen zu ihren lebenden und fossilen aussereuropaischen Verwandten. Beitrage zur Palaontologie Osterreich Ungarns und des Orients I. Theil 6: 1 - 224. II Theil 7: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1888">Schlosser 1888: 30</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. IX, figs 1, 3, 5), “Phosphorites du Quercy” without any biostratigraphic information.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="9.[132,775,1453,1530]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">
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||
<collectionCode box="[132,181,1453,1477]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93c9-w2q7" name="University of Newcastle" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">NEW</collectionCode>
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||
<collectionCode box="[186,278,1458,1475]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">MATERIAL</collectionCode>
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||
. —
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||
<materialsCitation box="[318,728,1453,1477]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">
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||
<collectionCode box="[318,360,1454,1477]" country="Germany" name="University of Marburg" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">UM</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode box="[365,403,1454,1477]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">VD</collectionCode>
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7 left hemi-mandible with p3-m1;
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="608">
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||
<collectionCode box="[733,775,1454,1477]" country="Germany" name="University of Marburg" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">UM</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode box="[132,171,1480,1504]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">VD</collectionCode>
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8 left hemi-mandible;
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</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="608">
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||
<collectionCode box="[388,430,1480,1503]" country="Germany" name="University of Marburg" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">UM</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode box="[436,474,1480,1504]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">VD</collectionCode>
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10 small fragment of mandible with m2;
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<collectionCode box="[228,261,1507,1530]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="University of Papua and New Guinea" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">UP</collectionCode>
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LPL
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<quantity box="[312,363,1506,1530]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
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2;
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</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation box="[386,769,1506,1530]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">
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||
<collectionCode box="[386,428,1507,1530]" country="Germany" name="University of Marburg" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">UM</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode box="[434,472,1506,1530]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">VD</collectionCode>
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5 hemi-mandible with p3-m2.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="610" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph blockId="9.[132,775,1588,2030]" box="[132,232,1588,1614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">REMARKS</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[132,775,1588,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Schlosser" box="[132,311,1620,1647]" firstAuthor="Schlosser" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref19017" refString="SCHLOSSER M. 1888. - Die Affen, Lemuren, Chiropteren, Insectivoren, Marsupialier, Creodonten und Carnivoren des europaischen Tertiars und deren Beziehungen zu ihren lebenden und fossilen aussereuropaischen Verwandten. Beitrage zur Palaontologie Osterreich Ungarns und des Orients I. Theil 6: 1 - 224. II Theil 7: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1888">Schlosser (1888)</bibRefCitation>
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||
established
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1888" box="[441,525,1620,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filholi">
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<emphasis box="[441,525,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">P. filholi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on a fragment of mandible with p3-m1 from the “Phosphorites du Quercy” and he added a fragment of edentulous maxilla (
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<bibRefCitation author="Schlosser" box="[607,768,1684,1710]" firstAuthor="Schlosser" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref19017" refString="SCHLOSSER M. 1888. - Die Affen, Lemuren, Chiropteren, Insectivoren, Marsupialier, Creodonten und Carnivoren des europaischen Tertiars und deren Beziehungen zu ihren lebenden und fossilen aussereuropaischen Verwandten. Beitrage zur Palaontologie Osterreich Ungarns und des Orients I. Theil 6: 1 - 224. II Theil 7: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1888">Schlosser 1888</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. IX, fig. 16) from the bulk of the Quercy specimens without any special link to the mandible.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[132,775,1588,2030]" lastBlockId="9.[813,1456,632,2029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">
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Among the material from Valbro, some mandibular specimens seem to be close to this species. A hemi-mandible (UM VD7) with mesial alveolus and distal root of p2, and fresh p3-m1 is quite similar to a cast of the
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<typeStatus box="[630,677,1876,1902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">type</typeStatus>
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||
of
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1888" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filholi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">P. filholi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
|
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<figureCitation box="[192,280,1907,1933]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,217,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[747,1305,758,1327]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — A, Pachycynodon boriei or curvirostris (Filhol, 1876): A1-A3, UP LPL13, right m1, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; A4, A5, d3-d4, in buccal (A4), and lingual (A5) views; B, C, Pachycynodon sp. 1; B, UP MGB9, left d4, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views (stereo); C, UM VD16, right d4, in buccal (C1), lingual (C2) view, and occlusal (C3) views; D, Pachycynodon sp. 2, UM VD18, right d4; D1, lingual view, occlusal (D2), and buccal (D3) views; E, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, UM VD7, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (E1), lingual (E2), and occlusal (E3) views; F, Pachycynodon sp. 3, UM VD48 M1, in occlusal view; G, Pachycynodon sp. 4, UM VD50 M1, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694213/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation box="[280,320,1907,1933]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1964,1982]" captionTargetBox="[212,1402,209,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[755,1301,780,1349]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Amphicynodon sp. 1: left hemi-mandible UP VAL2, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; B, Amphicynodon typicus: left mandible UP VAL1, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; C, Amphicynodon sp. 3: right M1, UM VD49, in occlusal view; D, Amphicynodon sp. 2: right M1, UM VBO492, in occlusal view. Scale bars: A, B, 10 mm; C, D, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694211/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">1-E</figureCitation>
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||
<figureCitation box="[320,334,1907,1933]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[190,1388,179,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[747,1305,762,1331]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — A, Pachycynodon sp. 3, left M1-M2, UM VD47, in occlusal view; B, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, UM VD5, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; C-E, Pachycynodon cf. dubius; C, left hemi-mandible UM VD14, in buccal (C1), lingual (C2), and occlusal (C3) views; D, right hemimandible UM VD4, in lingual (D1) and buccal (D2) views; E, right hemimandible VD6, in buccal (E1), and occlusal (E2) views; F, Cephalogale sp., left mandible UP MGB26, in lingual (F1), and buccal (F2) views; G, Pachycynodon sp. 5, left P4 UP VD51, in occlusal (G1), and mesial (G2) views; H, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, right m2, UP LPL14, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694215/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">3</figureCitation>
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). The almost symmetrical and pointed p3 displays small mesial and distal cingulids with a small, pointed mesial spur; its mesial and distal edges are sharp and pointed, with a profile that is slightly concave. The p4 is clearly higher than p3 and the protoconid of m1, its mesial and distal cingulids are more developed than in p3 and the distal cingulid forms a true small talonid. A pacd is situated at mid-height of the distal cristid of p4. The low m1 has a small cingulid running along the base of the paraconid-protoconid blade, the former appears smaller than the metaconid in lingual view. The paraconid–metaconid contact at mid-height closes the trigonid valley. The latter is slightly shifted distally and can clearly be seen in buccal view behind of the protoconid, which is separated from the hypoconid by a large sinus. The hypoconid is quite large and slopes gently lingually to the base of the entoconid, which is fused into a slender entocristid slightly higher than the hypoconid. Medially, the entoconid is separated by a small notch from the metaconid and distally joins the hypocristid to close the talonid basin. The p2 and p3 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Teilhard" box="[1291,1448,1110,1137]" firstAuthor="Teilhard" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" pagination="103 - 190" refId="ref19194" refString="TEILHARD DE CHARDIN P. 1915. - Les carnassiers des phosphorites du Quercy. Annales de Paleontologie 9: 103 - 190." type="journal article" year="1915">Teilhard 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. IV, figs 7-9) are sharp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[813,1456,632,2029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">
|
||
There is no m
|
||
<quantity box="[988,1031,1174,1200]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1080,1128,1174,1200]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen, but there is an m
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
the hemi-mandible VD5 that we identify as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1888" box="[1334,1455,1206,1232]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filholi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1334,1353,1206,1231]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">P.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1392,1455,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">filholi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[822,906,1238,1264]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[190,1388,179,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[747,1305,762,1331]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — A, Pachycynodon sp. 3, left M1-M2, UM VD47, in occlusal view; B, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, UM VD5, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; C-E, Pachycynodon cf. dubius; C, left hemi-mandible UM VD14, in buccal (C1), lingual (C2), and occlusal (C3) views; D, right hemimandible UM VD4, in lingual (D1) and buccal (D2) views; E, right hemimandible VD6, in buccal (E1), and occlusal (E2) views; F, Cephalogale sp., left mandible UP MGB26, in lingual (F1), and buccal (F2) views; G, Pachycynodon sp. 5, left P4 UP VD51, in occlusal (G1), and mesial (G2) views; H, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, right m2, UP LPL14, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694215/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation box="[907,947,1238,1264]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1964,1982]" captionTargetBox="[212,1402,209,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[755,1301,780,1349]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Amphicynodon sp. 1: left hemi-mandible UP VAL2, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; B, Amphicynodon typicus: left mandible UP VAL1, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; C, Amphicynodon sp. 3: right M1, UM VD49, in occlusal view; D, Amphicynodon sp. 2: right M1, UM VBO492, in occlusal view. Scale bars: A, B, 10 mm; C, D, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694211/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">1-B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation box="[948,962,1238,1264]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[190,1388,179,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[747,1305,762,1331]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — A, Pachycynodon sp. 3, left M1-M2, UM VD47, in occlusal view; B, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, UM VD5, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; C-E, Pachycynodon cf. dubius; C, left hemi-mandible UM VD14, in buccal (C1), lingual (C2), and occlusal (C3) views; D, right hemimandible UM VD4, in lingual (D1) and buccal (D2) views; E, right hemimandible VD6, in buccal (E1), and occlusal (E2) views; F, Cephalogale sp., left mandible UP MGB26, in lingual (F1), and buccal (F2) views; G, Pachycynodon sp. 5, left P4 UP VD51, in occlusal (G1), and mesial (G2) views; H, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, right m2, UP LPL14, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694215/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The p3 of VD5 is partly broken off but was smaller than the thin and pointed p4 that displays a small pacd and a minute talonid. The m1 has a paraconid that is less oblique than that of
|
||
<emphasis box="[1086,1183,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">P. dubius</emphasis>
|
||
and thus the paraconidprotoconid shearing blade is more prominent. In the talonid of m1, the entoconid is partly broken off. In m2, which is rectangular, the trigonid occupies half of the surface of the crown; the protoconid and metaconid are subequal in size, both having a small wear facet on the dentine at the tip. In front of the protoconid and metaconid, a mesial cristid closes a mesial fovea. The protoconid is separated by a sinus from the hypoconid, which, in turn, is followed by a cristid running to the metaconid and closing a bowlshaped basin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[813,1456,632,2029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">
|
||
An isolated rectangular and elongate m2 from the site of La Plante2 (UP LPL14) is too small to fit
|
||
<emphasis box="[1333,1423,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">P. boriei</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis box="[813,956,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">P. curvirostris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[974,1065,1748,1774]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[190,1388,179,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[747,1305,762,1331]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — A, Pachycynodon sp. 3, left M1-M2, UM VD47, in occlusal view; B, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, UM VD5, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; C-E, Pachycynodon cf. dubius; C, left hemi-mandible UM VD14, in buccal (C1), lingual (C2), and occlusal (C3) views; D, right hemimandible UM VD4, in lingual (D1) and buccal (D2) views; E, right hemimandible VD6, in buccal (E1), and occlusal (E2) views; F, Cephalogale sp., left mandible UP MGB26, in lingual (F1), and buccal (F2) views; G, Pachycynodon sp. 5, left P4 UP VD51, in occlusal (G1), and mesial (G2) views; H, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, right m2, UP LPL14, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694215/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="608">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
). It displays a complete trigonid, a faint cingulid is present along the base of a small but clear paraconid displaying a small pit of dentine at its tip. The paraconid cristids close the minute trigonid basin mesially. Both protoconid and metaconid display a wear facet at the tip. This facet is larger in the latter. The proto- and metalophids separate the trigonid and talonid basins, while distally a post-hypocristid and entocristid close the bowlshaped talonid basin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3694215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694215/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="609" startId="10.[132,143,1919,1937]" targetBox="[190,1388,179,1887]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[132,1456,1919,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">
|
||
FIG. 3. —
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[213,226,1919,1937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1888" box="[236,359,1919,1937]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="610" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[236,359,1919,1937]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">Pachycynodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 3, left M1-M2, UM VD47, in occlusal view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[753,766,1919,1937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1888" box="[777,975,1919,1937]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="609" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filholi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[777,900,1919,1937]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">Pachycynodon</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[932,975,1919,1937]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">filholi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, UM VD5, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1318,1342,1919,1937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">B1</emphasis>
|
||
), lingual (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1422,1445,1919,1937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">B2</emphasis>
|
||
), and occlusal (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[250,274,1942,1960]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">B3</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[343,376,1941,1960]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">C -E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1888" box="[388,511,1941,1959]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="610" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[388,511,1941,1959]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">Pachycynodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[545,601,1941,1959]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">dubius</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[612,626,1941,1959]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">C</emphasis>
|
||
, left hemi-mandible UM VD14, in buccal (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[981,1005,1941,1959]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">C1</emphasis>
|
||
), lingual (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1086,1110,1941,1959]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">C2</emphasis>
|
||
), and occlusal (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1245,1268,1941,1959]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">C3</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1338,1352,1942,1960]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">D</emphasis>
|
||
, right hemimandible UM VD4, in lingual (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[381,405,1964,1982]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">D1</emphasis>
|
||
) and buccal (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[519,543,1964,1982]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">D2</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[612,624,1964,1982]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">E</emphasis>
|
||
, right hemimandible VD6, in buccal (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[933,955,1964,1982]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">E1</emphasis>
|
||
), and occlusal (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1088,1111,1964,1982]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">E2</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1179,1190,1964,1982]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">F</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1201,1305,1964,1982]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">Cephalogale</emphasis>
|
||
sp., left mandible UP MGB26, in lingual (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[321,342,1987,2005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">F1</emphasis>
|
||
), and buccal (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[460,481,1987,2005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">F2</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[549,563,1987,2005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">G</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1888" box="[573,696,1987,2005]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="610" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[573,696,1987,2005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">Pachycynodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 5, left P4 UP VD51, in occlusal (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[996,1021,1987,2005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">G1</emphasis>
|
||
), and mesial (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1136,1160,1987,2005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">G2</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1228,1242,1987,2005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">H</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1888" box="[1252,1450,1987,2005]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Pachycynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="609" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filholi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1252,1375,1987,2005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">Pachycynodon</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1407,1450,1987,2005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="609">filholi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right m2, UP LPL14, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[132,776,217,658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="610">The corpus mandibulae of UM VD8 is shallow and tapering rostrally. There are two small mental foramina, one below p2, and another below p3. The m1, in which part of the trigonid is missing, has a morphology similar to that of UM VD7. Some isolated m1s could belong to the same taxon.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[132,776,217,658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="610">We hesitantly add to these remains a fragment of mandible (UM VD10) with m2. Its crown is partially worn but we can see the large wear pit of the protoconid, the less marked metaconid and, mesially, the small well with dentine that would may correspond to the paraconid. There is a sinus between the protoconid and the hypoconid. The hypoconid and the entoconid are worn with large appearance of dentine. The talonid tapers distally and the basin is narrow.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |