treatments-xml/data/03/A0/62/03A0625A5E2F9E24FC8CA9AC25039393.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

299 lines
39 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="35B8DF4111A00F227AB3E498C9D19E3C" ID-CLB-Dataset="55397" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112696" ID-GBIF-Dataset="26be6180-2c66-44fb-855c-9c0aa1377cce" ID-ISSN="1873-3700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8259854" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1692309814311" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Qing, Zhixing, Yan, Fangqin, Huang, Peng &amp; Zeng, Jianguo" docDate="2021" docId="03A0625A5E2F9E24FC8CA9AC25039393" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytochemistry.185.112696.pdf" docOrigin="Phytochemistry (112696) 185" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112696" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F36D69FC8B198FBE91029DF9C24697D3.5:Phytochemistry.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F36D69FC8B198FBE91029DF9C24697D3" docStyleName="Phytochemistry.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Macleaya R. Br." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FF991A225E2D9E27FFBEAC18270C956A" masterDocTitle="Establishing the metabolic network of isoquinoline alkaloids from the Macleaya genus" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1692795788062" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="576CEA571AD7A50DE43B3C0C5F3930CC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="55113DC8B0FDBE82C53838F616E41B7E">
<mods:title id="367A9014F7A04B37898D09D2C83838B0">Establishing the metabolic network of isoquinoline alkaloids from the Macleaya genus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C385C642466D290D4E5431B6A8882761" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EB5ABD714DC9EE118CDC38147620537B">
<mods:roleTerm id="28328BCEF0FE95BE1CD33FD122215EDD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F681032A0CB7474DF09A7993A92F7398">Qing, Zhixing</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B0B08CA4C4AB9A208D0F465D32D5EAF7">** &amp; * &amp; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China &amp; School of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="62B02A269FBF948E644BA8CDC013C052" type="personal">
<mods:role id="732B87B5ADFD209CE90754A3A99679C6">
<mods:roleTerm id="52158BBD3022D96E66CE455BEE728C3A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B6D3C2E6BCABE379690F4602DC6FC370">Yan, Fangqin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5A52591FAA96F8BEC1C13D9BEB3BE1F1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="83B40EDC9E48F19B0E2E64A8BC148014">
<mods:roleTerm id="306BBEC8714FD9FAEF0FC1B90FB82C78">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1AF6955851E911EB071A6C1D2CB5F3AD">Huang, Peng</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="65901109E38C0FEE399F1D01A062BFE6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="387D3F305DD61A7A90DC88A87D1874E8">
<mods:roleTerm id="35D66EAA23A7B58FAA28D28B387F479A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3EF0BED3103F90528414308014F893E8">Zeng, Jianguo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A9CA8694C4AF760B11297A3C91815EDB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="AF1C8C6793F22502FFE4F3D6B3A0C60D" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="8BEC6DA1487DF50CBF081B161F24D8F4">
<mods:title id="8BC96076E218E6D6E380A0B4D7D5BB9B">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F312B16B97530C2CBB4EFFDF395A7DBC">
<mods:date id="8AE6FA35D9F138CD075A57A829F9C467">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="62A51542DA0092A08C0C431FCCF03F96" type="series">
<mods:title id="351E3E5C079DE73967016E500180E86B">112696</mods:title>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C1CEA62B5F83A418DE648F6ACC022FE6" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="54D4FB8DE2E1EE16AC943CAE5E959959">2021-05-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="AA7C12F577329BD0A136D107D72BB6F4" type="volume">
<mods:number id="557EE15A8EF0C61CCEE13257F11A2215">185</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="D1587563686F38D562EED5E4D879D44B" unit="page">
<mods:start id="746776D4643F4D7BB32BD07105D93931">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="8795F96CF0D3A083037918E3892F6C8B">8</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="E3D21DB7CD56A151038D658D73035B53">
<mods:url id="97A50F8AF1E634300B5D35781B39E9A3">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112696</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="41866F213FA67CD0AB02A849DCF2D293">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FDD9172037586F0F38F6C0997F79B293" type="CLB-Dataset">55397</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="01B97EE6596BF31EA8188DD4EC2B8FCC" type="DOI">10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112696</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3DDFADF87EBF414714D3840B01C73F8F" type="GBIF-Dataset">26be6180-2c66-44fb-855c-9c0aa1377cce</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AF63D2736D8298E2273FF93A4DA73AE1" type="ISSN">1873-3700</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="562111CA29D99D3D9E3D58F633BDCFA4" type="Zenodo-Dep">8259854</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A0625A5E2F9E24FC8CA9AC25039393" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8276659" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8276659" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0625A5E2F9E24FC8CA9AC25039393" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0625A5E2F9E24FC8CA9AC25039393" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="C31380C75E2F9E25FC8CA9AC24CC9089" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB6D34C5E2F9E25FC8CA9AC24CC9089" blockId="2.[818,1457,1460,1480]" lastBlockId="2.[818,960,1487,1507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D0FE64205E2F9E25FC8CA9AC22BD90A2" bold="true" box="[818,1457,1460,1480]" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2F9E25FC8CA9AC22BD90A2" bold="true" box="[818,1457,1460,1480]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2.4. Establishing the metabolic network of isoquinoline alkaloids in the</emphasis>
</heading>
<heading id="D0FE64205E2F9E25FC8CA9D724CC9089" box="[818,960,1487,1507]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2F9E25FC8CA9D724CC9089" bold="true" box="[818,960,1487,1507]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C09A8CF5E2F9E25FC8CA9D724849089" ID-CoL="5J5S" ID-ENA="346061" authorityName="R. Br." box="[818,904,1487,1507]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" genus="Macleaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Macleaya</taxonomicName>
genus
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31380C75E2F9E24FCEFAA1025039393" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB6D34C5E2F9E25FCEFAA10226492EC" blockId="2.[818,1487,1544,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Metabolic networks can provide new insight into the biosynthesis pathways of some important compounds present in plant-derived medicines. Sanguinarine and chelerythrine, which are the main components of the
<taxonomicName id="4C09A8CF5E2F9E25FCD2AA4324CE9305" box="[876,962,1627,1647]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" genus="Macleaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2F9E25FCD2AA4324CE9305" bold="true" box="[876,962,1627,1647]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Macleaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus, are used as animal food additives. We previously characterized the biosynthesis pathways of these two compounds in
<taxonomicName id="4C09A8CF5E2F9E25FC8CAA8B249993CD" box="[818,917,1683,1703]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" genus="Macleaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordata">
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2F9E25FC8CAA8B249993CD" bold="true" box="[818,917,1683,1703]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">M. cordata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
thoroughly (
<bibRefCitation id="EF98AEBD5E2F9E25FBACAA8C23AF93CD" author="Liu, X. B. &amp; Liu, Y. S. &amp; Huang, P. &amp; Ma, Y. S. &amp; Qing, Z. X. &amp; Tang, Q. &amp; Cao, H. F. &amp; Cheng, P. &amp; Zheng, Y. J. &amp; Yuan, Z. J. &amp; Zhou, Y. &amp; Liu, J. F. &amp; Tang, Z. S. &amp; Zhuo, Y. X. &amp; Zhang, Y. C. &amp; Yu, L. L. &amp; Huang, J. L. &amp; Yang, P. &amp; Peng, Q. &amp; Zhang, J. B. &amp; Jiang, W. K. &amp; Zhang, Z. H. &amp; Lin, K. &amp; Ro, D. K. &amp; Chen, X. Y. &amp; Xiong, X. Y. &amp; Shang, Y. &amp; Huang, S. W. &amp; Zeng, J. G." box="[1042,1187,1684,1703]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="975 - 989" refId="ref6370" refString="Liu, X. B., Liu, Y. S., Huang, P., Ma, Y. S., Qing, Z. X., Tang, Q., Cao, H. F., Cheng, P., Zheng, Y. J., Yuan, Z. J., Zhou, Y., Liu, J. F., Tang, Z. S., Zhuo, Y. X., Zhang, Y. C., Yu, L. L., Huang, J. L., Yang, P., Peng, Q., Zhang, J. B., Jiang, W. K., Zhang, Z. H., Lin, K., Ro, D. K., Chen, X. Y., Xiong, X. Y., Shang, Y., Huang, S. W., Zeng, J. G., 2017. The genome of medicinal plant Macleaya cordata provides new insights into benzylisoquinoline alkaloids metabolism. Mol. Plant 10 (7), 975 - 989. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. molp. 2017.05.007." type="journal article" year="2017">Liu et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
). However, are there any other biosynthesis pathways involving either of these two alkaloids in the
<taxonomicName id="4C09A8CF5E2F9E25FC8CAAD2248493B4" box="[818,904,1738,1758]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" genus="Macleaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2F9E25FC8CAAD2248493B4" bold="true" box="[818,904,1738,1758]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Macleaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus plants? Establishment of the metabolic networks is an effective method to answer this question. In this study, a metabolic framework was established primarily based on the reported biosynthesis pathways.
<collectionCode id="ED184B895E2F9E25FC27AB0724AB9258" box="[921,935,1823,1842]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
specific metabolic network of isoquinoline alkaloids was then constructed based on the structural relations and differences for identified compounds metabolic levels at various growth stages and isotopically labeled [
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2F9E25FC46AB6A231692EC" bold="true" box="[1016,1050,1906,1926]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ring</emphasis>
-
<superScript id="7C7C7E045E2F9E25FB9FAB75233F9211" attach="right" box="[1057,1075,1901,1915]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">13</superScript>
<collectionCode id="ED184B895E2F9E25FB8DAB6B234C92EC" box="[1075,1088,1907,1926]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
<subScript id="178DD1095E2F9E25FBFEAB62234592E2" attach="left" box="[1088,1097,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6</subScript>
]-tyrosine feeding experiment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB6D34C5E2F9E24FCEFAB9725D096F2" blockId="2.[818,1487,1544,1982]" lastBlockId="3.[100,771,147,1785]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
In the
<taxonomicName id="4C09A8CF5E2F9E25FC2FAB9624EB92C8" box="[913,999,1934,1954]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" genus="Macleaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2F9E25FC2FAB9624EB92C8" bold="true" box="[913,999,1934,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Macleaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plants, most isoquinoline alkaloids are synthesized from the benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids, which can then be converted to tetrahydroprotoberberine and aporphine alkaloids.
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FD52AC8B25F795CD" bold="true" box="[748,763,147,167]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectionCode id="ED184B895E2E9E24FD52AC8B25F795CD" box="[748,763,147,167]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
- methyltetrahydroprotoberberine, protoberberine, and 7,8-dihydroprotoberberine are derived from tetrahydroprotoberberine-type alkaloids. Protopine is generated from an
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FE35ACFE26969590" bold="true" box="[395,410,230,250]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectionCode id="ED184B895E2E9E24FE35ACFE26969590" box="[395,410,230,250]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
-methyltetrahydroprotoberberine-type alkaloid, and it is continually metabolized to dihydrobenzophenanthridine and benzophenanthridine alkaloids (
<bibRefCitation id="EF98AEBD5E2E9E24FDB2AD0725949458" author="Liu, X. B. &amp; Liu, Y. S. &amp; Huang, P. &amp; Ma, Y. S. &amp; Qing, Z. X. &amp; Tang, Q. &amp; Cao, H. F. &amp; Cheng, P. &amp; Zheng, Y. J. &amp; Yuan, Z. J. &amp; Zhou, Y. &amp; Liu, J. F. &amp; Tang, Z. S. &amp; Zhuo, Y. X. &amp; Zhang, Y. C. &amp; Yu, L. L. &amp; Huang, J. L. &amp; Yang, P. &amp; Peng, Q. &amp; Zhang, J. B. &amp; Jiang, W. K. &amp; Zhang, Z. H. &amp; Lin, K. &amp; Ro, D. K. &amp; Chen, X. Y. &amp; Xiong, X. Y. &amp; Shang, Y. &amp; Huang, S. W. &amp; Zeng, J. G." box="[524,664,287,307]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="975 - 989" refId="ref6370" refString="Liu, X. B., Liu, Y. S., Huang, P., Ma, Y. S., Qing, Z. X., Tang, Q., Cao, H. F., Cheng, P., Zheng, Y. J., Yuan, Z. J., Zhou, Y., Liu, J. F., Tang, Z. S., Zhuo, Y. X., Zhang, Y. C., Yu, L. L., Huang, J. L., Yang, P., Peng, Q., Zhang, J. B., Jiang, W. K., Zhang, Z. H., Lin, K., Ro, D. K., Chen, X. Y., Xiong, X. Y., Shang, Y., Huang, S. W., Zeng, J. G., 2017. The genome of medicinal plant Macleaya cordata provides new insights into benzylisoquinoline alkaloids metabolism. Mol. Plant 10 (7), 975 - 989. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. molp. 2017.05.007." type="journal article" year="2017">Liu et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF98AEBD5E2E9E24FD1DAD0727DC9424" author="Takemura, T. &amp; Ikezawa, N. &amp; Iwasa, K. &amp; Sato, F." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="100 - 108" refId="ref7529" refString="Takemura, T., Ikezawa, N., Iwasa, K., Sato, F., 2013. Molecular cloning and characterization of a cytochrome P 450 in sanguinarine biosynthesis from Eschscholzia californica cells. Phytochemistry 91, 100 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. phytochem. 2012.02.013." type="journal article" year="2013">Takemura et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
) (Fig.
<collectionCode id="ED184B895E2E9E24FEAFAD2326119424" box="[273,285,315,334]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
6(
<collectionCode id="ED184B895E2E9E24FE91AD23264D9424" box="[303,321,315,334]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
)).
<collectionCode id="ED184B895E2E9E24FEE5AD2326659424" box="[347,361,315,334]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
metabolic framework of isoquinoline alkaloids in the
<taxonomicName id="4C09A8CF5E2E9E24FF69AD4E26219400" box="[215,301,342,362]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" genus="Macleaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FF69AD4E26219400" bold="true" box="[215,301,342,362]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Macleaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus was established based on the above metabolism of alkaloids. Take alkaloids
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FD83AD6B255A94EC" bold="true" box="[573,598,371,390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">17</emphasis>
(3
<superScript id="7C7C7E045E2E9E24FD32AD68259D9417" attach="none" box="[652,657,368,381]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4"></superScript>
-hydroxy-
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FD53AD6A25F094EC" bold="true" box="[749,764,370,390]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectionCode id="ED184B895E2E9E24FD53AD6A25F094EC" box="[749,764,370,390]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FFDAAD96277F94C8" bold="true" box="[100,115,398,418]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectionCode id="ED184B895E2E9E24FFDAAD96277F94C8" box="[100,115,398,418]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
-dimethylcoclaurine) and
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FEC2AD9726AD94C8" bold="true" box="[380,417,399,418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">115</emphasis>
(10-demethylmagnoflorine) as an example. Compounds
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FE83ADB2265A94D7" bold="true" box="[317,342,426,445]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">17</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FE30ADB226BF94D7" bold="true" box="[398,435,426,445]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">115</emphasis>
were identified as benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline- and aporphine-type alkaloids, respectively (
<figureCitation id="1332CFC95E2E9E24FD0FADDF25F894B0" box="[689,756,455,474]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[498,528,1049,1066]" captionTargetBox="[213,1395,159,1013]" captionTargetId="figure-594@5.[187,1400,148,1021]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. TICs of 0-day (A) and 36-day-old (B) tissue culture seedlings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8259860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8259860/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. S3</figureCitation>
). Both alkaloids have the same substituent groups, and the benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline can be converted to aporphine in the
<taxonomicName id="4C09A8CF5E2E9E24FD11ADE727949744" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Papaveraceae</taxonomicName>
family (
<bibRefCitation id="EF98AEBD5E2E9E24FF56AE02268C9747" author="Sato, F. &amp; Inui, T. &amp; Takemura, T." box="[232,384,538,558]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="211 - 218" refId="ref7399" refString="Sato, F., Inui, T., Takemura, T., 2007. Metabolic engineering in isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. Curr. Pharmaceut. Biotechnol. 8 (4), 211 - 218. https: // doi. org / 10.2174 / 138920107781387438." type="journal article" year="2007">Sato et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF98AEBD5E2E9E24FE35AE0225309747" author="Ziegler, J. &amp; Schmidt, J. &amp; Kramell, R. &amp; Miersch, O. &amp; Ammer, C. &amp; Gesell, A. &amp; Kutchan, T. M." box="[395,572,538,558]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="177 - 192" refId="ref7976" refString="Ziegler, J., Voigtl ¨ ander, S., Schmidt, J., Kramell, R., Miersch, O., Ammer, C., Gesell, A., Kutchan, T. M., 2006. Comparative transcript and alkaloid profiling in Papaver species identifies a short chaindehydrogenase / reductase involved in morphine biosynthesis. Plant J. 48 (2), 177 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 313 X. 2006.02860. x." type="journal article" year="2006">Ziegler et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, alkaloid
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FFDAAE2E27719723" bold="true" box="[100,125,566,585]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">17</emphasis>
was regarded as the precursor of
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FE76AE2E26E19723" bold="true" box="[456,493,566,585]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">115</emphasis>
. The relations of substituent groups (Fig.
<collectionCode id="ED184B895E2E9E24FF64AE4A27EA970F" box="[218,230,594,613]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
6(B)) that have been reported in the
<taxonomicName id="4C09A8CF5E2E9E24FD82AE49259E970F" box="[572,658,593,613]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" genus="Macleaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FD82AE49259E970F" bold="true" box="[572,658,593,613]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Macleaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus were employed for establishing the specific metabolic network of the same skeleton compounds (
<bibRefCitation id="EF98AEBD5E2E9E24FE83AE9226D197F7" author="Liu, X. B. &amp; Liu, Y. S. &amp; Huang, P. &amp; Ma, Y. S. &amp; Qing, Z. X. &amp; Tang, Q. &amp; Cao, H. F. &amp; Cheng, P. &amp; Zheng, Y. J. &amp; Yuan, Z. J. &amp; Zhou, Y. &amp; Liu, J. F. &amp; Tang, Z. S. &amp; Zhuo, Y. X. &amp; Zhang, Y. C. &amp; Yu, L. L. &amp; Huang, J. L. &amp; Yang, P. &amp; Peng, Q. &amp; Zhang, J. B. &amp; Jiang, W. K. &amp; Zhang, Z. H. &amp; Lin, K. &amp; Ro, D. K. &amp; Chen, X. Y. &amp; Xiong, X. Y. &amp; Shang, Y. &amp; Huang, S. W. &amp; Zeng, J. G." box="[317,477,650,669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="975 - 989" refId="ref6370" refString="Liu, X. B., Liu, Y. S., Huang, P., Ma, Y. S., Qing, Z. X., Tang, Q., Cao, H. F., Cheng, P., Zheng, Y. J., Yuan, Z. J., Zhou, Y., Liu, J. F., Tang, Z. S., Zhuo, Y. X., Zhang, Y. C., Yu, L. L., Huang, J. L., Yang, P., Peng, Q., Zhang, J. B., Jiang, W. K., Zhang, Z. H., Lin, K., Ro, D. K., Chen, X. Y., Xiong, X. Y., Shang, Y., Huang, S. W., Zeng, J. G., 2017. The genome of medicinal plant Macleaya cordata provides new insights into benzylisoquinoline alkaloids metabolism. Mol. Plant 10 (7), 975 - 989. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. molp. 2017.05.007." type="journal article" year="2017">Liu et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Take alkaloids
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FD2EAE92259097F7" bold="true" box="[656,668,650,669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</emphasis>
(4
<superScript id="7C7C7E045E2E9E24FD02AE9F25CD97FE" attach="none" box="[700,705,647,660]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4"></superScript>
-demethylcolletine) and
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FEA7AEBE263E97D3" bold="true" box="[281,306,678,697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">28</emphasis>
(colletine) as an example. Both of those compounds were identified as benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline-type alkaloids (
<figureCitation id="1332CFC95E2E9E24FFD2AEC527BC979B" box="[108,176,733,753]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[498,528,1049,1066]" captionTargetBox="[213,1395,159,1013]" captionTargetId="figure-594@5.[187,1400,148,1021]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. TICs of 0-day (A) and 36-day-old (B) tissue culture seedlings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8259860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8259860/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. S3</figureCitation>
). Their structures differed in that alkaloid
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FDE9AEC5257C979A" bold="true" box="[599,624,733,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">28</emphasis>
has an OCH
<subScript id="178DD1095E2E9E24FD47AEFD240E9799" attach="left" box="[761,770,741,755]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3</subScript>
group at the site of C-4; however, an
<collectionCode id="ED184B895E2E9E24FE76AEE126EB9666" box="[456,487,761,780]" country="Czech Republic" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12554" name="Agricultural Museum of Praha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">OH</collectionCode>
group was present in the same position for alkaloid
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FE91AF0D26379642" bold="true" box="[303,315,789,808]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</emphasis>
. In the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C09A8CF5E2E9E24FE77AF0C25139642" box="[457,543,788,808]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" genus="Macleaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FE77AF0C25139642" bold="true" box="[457,543,788,808]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Macleaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the
<collectionCode id="ED184B895E2E9E24FDE0AF0D25719642" box="[606,637,789,808]" country="Czech Republic" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12554" name="Agricultural Museum of Praha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">OH</collectionCode>
can be transferred to an OCH
<subScript id="178DD1095E2E9E24FEACAF202617962C" attach="left" box="[274,283,824,838]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3</subScript>
group by the methyl transferase (MT), which is an enzyme encoded by various functional genes, such as 6-OMT, Mc2833, and McSMT (Han et al., 2010;
<bibRefCitation id="EF98AEBD5E2E9E24FEC3AF7125049616" author="Liu, X. B. &amp; Liu, Y. S. &amp; Huang, P. &amp; Ma, Y. S. &amp; Qing, Z. X. &amp; Tang, Q. &amp; Cao, H. F. &amp; Cheng, P. &amp; Zheng, Y. J. &amp; Yuan, Z. J. &amp; Zhou, Y. &amp; Liu, J. F. &amp; Tang, Z. S. &amp; Zhuo, Y. X. &amp; Zhang, Y. C. &amp; Yu, L. L. &amp; Huang, J. L. &amp; Yang, P. &amp; Peng, Q. &amp; Zhang, J. B. &amp; Jiang, W. K. &amp; Zhang, Z. H. &amp; Lin, K. &amp; Ro, D. K. &amp; Chen, X. Y. &amp; Xiong, X. Y. &amp; Shang, Y. &amp; Huang, S. W. &amp; Zeng, J. G." box="[381,520,873,892]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="975 - 989" refId="ref6370" refString="Liu, X. B., Liu, Y. S., Huang, P., Ma, Y. S., Qing, Z. X., Tang, Q., Cao, H. F., Cheng, P., Zheng, Y. J., Yuan, Z. J., Zhou, Y., Liu, J. F., Tang, Z. S., Zhuo, Y. X., Zhang, Y. C., Yu, L. L., Huang, J. L., Yang, P., Peng, Q., Zhang, J. B., Jiang, W. K., Zhang, Z. H., Lin, K., Ro, D. K., Chen, X. Y., Xiong, X. Y., Shang, Y., Huang, S. W., Zeng, J. G., 2017. The genome of medicinal plant Macleaya cordata provides new insights into benzylisoquinoline alkaloids metabolism. Mol. Plant 10 (7), 975 - 989. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. molp. 2017.05.007." type="journal article" year="2017">Liu et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
). The structural relation of both compounds indicated that alkaloid
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FE5DAF9D26E396F2" bold="true" box="[483,495,901,920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</emphasis>
was the precursor of
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FD03AF9D25DA96F2" bold="true" box="[701,726,901,920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">28</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB6D34C5E2E9E24FF3AAFB9257790C0" blockId="3.[100,771,147,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The changes in metabolite levels at different growth stages provided further obvious evidence for establishing the metabolic network. The peak area of alkaloid
<quantity id="4CF17EA95E2E9E24FE95AFC026429686" box="[299,334,984,1004]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="in" value="2.0">
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FE95AFC0263B9681" bold="true" box="[299,311,984,1003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</emphasis>
in
</quantity>
the TICs of tissue culture seedlings continually decreased from 0 to 36 days; however, the peak area of alkaloid
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FD57AFEC240E916D" bold="true" box="[745,770,1012,1031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">28</emphasis>
successively increased (
<figureCitation id="1332CFC95E2E9E24FEF6A808268C914E" box="[328,384,1040,1060]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[498,528,1049,1066]" captionTargetBox="[213,1395,159,1013]" captionTargetId="figure-594@5.[187,1400,148,1021]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. TICs of 0-day (A) and 36-day-old (B) tissue culture seedlings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8259860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8259860/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Interestingly, the level of change was nearly the same, which further demonstrated that the alkaloid
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FD05A83425CB9155" bold="true" box="[699,711,1068,1087]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</emphasis>
could be converted to
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FEB3A850262A9131" bold="true" box="[269,294,1096,1115]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">28</emphasis>
during plant growth. When we used a similar method, the specific metabolic network of other isoquinoline alkaloids in the
<taxonomicName id="4C09A8CF5E2E9E24FF11A867260991F9" box="[175,261,1151,1171]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" genus="Macleaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FF11A867260991F9" bold="true" box="[175,261,1151,1171]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Macleaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus was also established (
<figureCitation id="1332CFC95E2E9E24FD86A898257991F9" box="[568,629,1152,1171]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[1152,1182,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[101,1126,149,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[100,1128,148,1882]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Proposed metabolic network of isoquinoline alkaloids in the Macleaya genus. a the solid arrow represents verified biosynthesis pathways; b the dotted arrow represents unverified pathways, c the double arrow represents two or more steps needed for biosynthesis; d MT, GOA, and COA are abbreviation for methyl transferase, glycosyltransferase, and cyclooxygenase, respectively; e the red moieties represent the changed substituent groups, and f the blue moieties represent the 13C -labeled benzene ring. (For 6 interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8259858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8259858/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Finally, the [
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FFD3A883278391C5" bold="true" box="[109,143,1179,1199]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ring</emphasis>
-
<superScript id="7C7C7E045E2E9E24FF28A88E27A491CE" attach="right" box="[150,168,1174,1188]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">13</superScript>
<collectionCode id="ED184B895E2E9E24FF16A88427B991C5" box="[168,181,1180,1199]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
<subScript id="178DD1095E2E9E24FF08A8BB27B391DB" attach="right" box="[182,191,1187,1201]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">6</subScript>
]-tyrosine feeding experiment provided visual evidence for establishing the metabolic network of isoquinoline alkaloids in the
<taxonomicName id="4C09A8CF5E2E9E24FFDAA8CB27B6918D" box="[100,186,1235,1255]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" genus="Macleaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FFDAA8CB27B6918D" bold="true" box="[100,186,1235,1255]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Macleaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus. The [
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FEF3A8CB2663918D" bold="true" box="[333,367,1235,1255]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ring</emphasis>
-
<superScript id="7C7C7E045E2E9E24FEC8A8D6268491B6" attach="right" box="[374,392,1230,1244]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">13</superScript>
<collectionCode id="ED184B895E2E9E24FE36A8CC2699918D" box="[392,405,1236,1255]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
<subScript id="178DD1095E2E9E24FE2BA8C326929183" attach="left" box="[405,414,1243,1257]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">6</subScript>
]-labeled alkaloids
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FDDCA8CB2562918C" bold="true" box="[610,622,1235,1254]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FD13A8CB25CA918C" bold="true" box="[685,710,1235,1254]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">28</emphasis>
were detected simultaneously in the TICs of
<taxonomicName id="4C09A8CF5E2E9E24FE4EA8F7255B9069" box="[496,599,1263,1283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" genus="Macleaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordata">
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FE4EA8F7255B9069" bold="true" box="[496,599,1263,1283]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. cordata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seedlings, which further indicated that alkaloid
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FE3CA91326829074" bold="true" box="[386,398,1291,1310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</emphasis>
was the precursor of
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FDEAA91325619074" bold="true" box="[596,621,1291,1310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">28</emphasis>
. All [
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FD1FA91225CF9074" bold="true" box="[673,707,1290,1310]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ring</emphasis>
-
<superScript id="7C7C7E045E2E9E24FD74A91E25D0907E" attach="right" box="[714,732,1286,1300]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">13</superScript>
<collectionCode id="ED184B895E2E9E24FD62A91325E59074" box="[732,745,1291,1310]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
<subScript id="178DD1095E2E9E24FD57A90B25FE904B" attach="left" box="[745,754,1299,1313]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">6</subScript>
]- labeled isoquinoline alkaloids were synthesized from [
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FDCAA93E259A9050" bold="true" box="[628,662,1318,1338]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ring</emphasis>
-
<superScript id="7C7C7E045E2E9E24FD23A93A25A3905A" attach="right" box="[669,687,1314,1328]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">13</superScript>
<collectionCode id="ED184B895E2E9E24FD11A93F25B09050" box="[687,700,1319,1338]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
<subScript id="178DD1095E2E9E24FD02A93625C99056" attach="left" box="[700,709,1326,1340]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">6</subScript>
]-tyrosine, and their metabolic relationships could be relatively easily determined (
<figureCitation id="1332CFC95E2E9E24FF10A94727E89018" box="[174,228,1375,1394]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[1152,1182,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[101,1126,149,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[100,1128,148,1882]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Proposed metabolic network of isoquinoline alkaloids in the Macleaya genus. a the solid arrow represents verified biosynthesis pathways; b the dotted arrow represents unverified pathways, c the double arrow represents two or more steps needed for biosynthesis; d MT, GOA, and COA are abbreviation for methyl transferase, glycosyltransferase, and cyclooxygenase, respectively; e the red moieties represent the changed substituent groups, and f the blue moieties represent the 13C -labeled benzene ring. (For 6 interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8259858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8259858/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). In addition, four enzymes, i.e., MT, glycosyltransferase (GTA), cyclooxygenase (COA), and oxidase, were proposed for each specific biosynthesis pathway in this metabolic network.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB6D34C5E2E9E24FF3AA9AB25039393" blockId="3.[100,771,147,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Although the isoquinoline alkaloids were screened from 45 TICs of samples, which were collected from various parts of
<taxonomicName id="4C09A8CF5E2E9E24FDEAA9D625A69088" box="[596,682,1486,1506]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" genus="Macleaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FDEAA9D625A69088" bold="true" box="[596,682,1486,1506]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Macleaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plants at different growth stages, some intermediate alkaloids were still no detected or were absent in this metabolic network. Take alkaloids
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FD62AA1E240D9373" bold="true" box="[732,769,1542,1561]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">144</emphasis>
(sanguinarine) and
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FE92AA3A265D935F" bold="true" box="[300,337,1570,1589]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">157</emphasis>
(10-methoxy-sanguinarine) as an example (
<figureCitation id="1332CFC95E2E9E24FFD2AA2627A0933B" box="[108,172,1598,1617]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[498,528,1049,1066]" captionTargetBox="[213,1395,159,1013]" captionTargetId="figure-594@5.[187,1400,148,1021]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. TICs of 0-day (A) and 36-day-old (B) tissue culture seedlings." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8259860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8259860/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. S3</figureCitation>
). Sanguinarine can be converted to 10-hydroxy-sanguinarine by an oxidase, and the intermediate alkaloid can be methylated to
<taxonomicName id="4C09A8CF5E2E9E24FD6BAA4227BC93E3" form="alkaloid" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="form">form alkaloid</taxonomicName>
<quantity id="4CF17EA95E2E9E24FF07AA6E27F693E3" box="[185,250,1654,1673]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9878" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="in" value="157.0">
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FF07AA6E27D293E3" bold="true" box="[185,222,1654,1673]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">157</emphasis>
in
</quantity>
the
<taxonomicName id="4C09A8CF5E2E9E24FE92AA6E26A093E3" box="[300,428,1654,1673]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Papaveraceae</taxonomicName>
family (Fig.
<collectionCode id="ED184B895E2E9E24FD91AA6E253793E3" box="[559,571,1654,1673]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
7) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF98AEBD5E2E9E24FDDEAA6E279893CF" author="Tanahashi, T. &amp; Zenk, M. H." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="579 - 586" refId="ref7590" refString="Tanahashi, T., Zenk, M. H., 1990. New hydroxylated benzo [c] phenanthridine alkaloids from Eschscholtzia californica cell suspension cultures. Journal of natural product 53 (3), 579 - 586. https: // doi. org / 10.1021 / np 50069 a 007." type="journal article" year="1990">Tanahashi et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
). However, no detectable amount of 10-hydroxy-sanguinarine was found from the TICs of 45
<taxonomicName id="4C09A8CF5E2E9E24FE28AAB526E093AB" box="[406,492,1709,1729]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" genus="Macleaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FE28AAB526E093AB" bold="true" box="[406,492,1709,1729]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Macleaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus samples. Therefore, 10-hydroxy-sanguinarine was absent from the metabolic network of isoquinoline alkaloids in the
<taxonomicName id="4C09A8CF5E2E9E24FEC8AAFD26C09393" box="[374,460,1765,1785]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" genus="Macleaya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97D0F5E5E2E9E24FEC8AAFD26C09393" bold="true" box="[374,460,1765,1785]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Macleaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>