158 lines
16 KiB
XML
158 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="3C9C7AA41CD2F23C45992177C333E64C" ID-DOI="10.1093/isd/ixaa003" ID-ISSN="2399-3421" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630298270055" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Buffington, Matthew L., Forshage, Mattias, Liljeblad, Johan, Tang, Chang-Ti & Noort, Simon van" docDate="2020" docId="039F00036C50FF9FFF6CC8D7FD5DF863" docLanguage="en" docName="ixaa003.pdf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (4), No. 1" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa003" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74.8:InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74" docStyleName="InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Pycnostigminae Cameron 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="FFA6787B6C6EFFA0FFFECE02FF8DFFCE" masterDocTitle="World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1699219653636" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="7BFE06CEC5D7341AB19E7E05C4EB0BD1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D7897E3F997567AF49B480E37E2020C5">
|
||
<mods:title id="F02E2BBF612453CD268549837E6C68F3">World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="42CDE7CD2F0DE62D186422906E60EE05" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="73BF6D6415D72324E60BCCA49913F53D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="362CEE4CEBFEDCD1F1DBF5A4B77F22AC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3AF0E12D8E0EC46572FD080A1B95428E">Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="8FFF57DF723C762E0101D5BE6C3063A7">Systematic EntomologyLaboratory, ARS-USDAc / oNational Museumof NaturalHistory, SmithsonianInstitution, 10 th & Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC 20013, USA,</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3E8CC89B6731B773A9C4C2465E59A7D2" type="email">matt.buffington@usda.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C364190A070A3B5F2AD3F85B3B7EF20B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="3240E660BEE4EA86308AE7468F8363B3">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="71FF79F14A67D6B4AE96BC7F0CEE6CD8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="050995FE2A37BB1A7EB8CE7A906F0DAF">Forshage, Mattias</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="3E534A9AEB36270E73D7F59E309BC9A3">Department of Zoology, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Box 50007, SE- 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden,</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="98BA4EED0C0137EEF8C4A0C471A4B690" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="23B2EF36ED1314D523470AD10844051F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9D8B7C477F733536DD51572F1244594A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="E0B54D6D54E1D9976769834A4E4B4C8C">Liljeblad, Johan</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="BECAD1F14BDE03E900AC0B5CA7DB7D3B">Swedish Species Information Centre, PO Box 7007, SE- 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden,</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="4155E3AC510BAB4CF20ED90A5FAAA10C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8D92885296B0DD33939092C633B92AD0">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="5595937B3276FC3823AFAAE02DE035D6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D6A42784489D531172489DBB2AAD938F">Tang, Chang-Ti</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="E1B5E7D1CB2DC07A7194A6A6BDC90A57">Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, SEH, Suite 6300, 800 22 nd Street, NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA,</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="5045CB0F5B06570AB922D323D4440E86" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="950CE07307B96A36E7D0C4CB5877812B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="CD3F0728828EA80F9B36A201266C4A15">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D4658B53D8338D6A6410AE18D2ECF504">Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="61EAD871EBE2B884B87FC1C1229DD42C">Research and Exhibitions Department, South African Museum, Iziko Museums of South Africa, P. O. Box 61, Cape Town 8000, South Africa,</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="24FAF4F0BE0A5C61664564BD91E08C6F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="2850473FFFBD5D60704D9A47F96159DF" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="84FF38C3937B6DCF941A89A22E65CD81">
|
||
<mods:title id="9062A7646313D77FED030CC079663F61">Insect Systematics and Diversity</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="3EBFBAA661B87D914C3ED6FAE08BB264">
|
||
<mods:date id="69429D7CA87D0811E63256398EF3716D">2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="0357D2475AD2190BE68BA91F14F83FCC" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="10A052BE67CFE12D560404FBD8D99102">2020-07-01</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="59F571994C4468307DF4AEABD26EDE4D" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="752F8052B0EC63899EF639A797D6DA93">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B0BB8F4C1F41842C615318DBD448F795" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="D9263B2D0EC2BA57DEF2AD197D6C698D">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="9C2A5E4B3BAE0CB38804E5327EEF988E" type="numero">
|
||
<mods:number id="81DFA96B8F8546456CAD34121F2FB952">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="12289B38E2D3ECF2A7551963133B195D" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="C17E0A318716A89FBC6CB99E13808484">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="AD9A78F1D6BF8124C5CD0A7CC5D20C4D">69</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="07BCB91400A31F9B290AE944FCC463C3">
|
||
<mods:url id="478AF51AE3608DCE694208589F6DF499">http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa003</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="E6B41604147BC4C15E5E01FC0809CCCB">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="72EB9DA31E50B99DBCC706514B218619" type="DOI">10.1093/isd/ixaa003</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="38D27AB697107E7E61F58ADFA42252F4" type="ISSN">2399-3421</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="039F00036C50FF9FFF6CC8D7FD5DF863" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F00036C50FF9FFF6CC8D7FD5DF863" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F00036C50FF9FFF6CC8D7FD5DF863" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32CE29E6C50FF9EFF6CC8D7FECAF922" box="[146,327,1749,1772]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89B1156C50FF9EFF6CC8D7FECAF922" blockId="62.[146,327,1749,1772]" box="[146,327,1749,1772]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<heading id="D0C106796C50FF9EFF6CC8D7FECAF922" box="[146,327,1749,1772]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C36CA966C50FF9EFF6CC8D7FECAF922" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1905" box="[146,327,1749,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pycnostigminae">Pycnostigminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32CE29E6C50FF9FFF6CC8FAFD5DF863" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89B1156C50FF9EFF6CC8FAFE98F8C2" blockId="62.[146,770,1784,1950]" box="[146,277,1784,1804]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<figureCitation id="130DAD906C50FF9EFF6CC8FAFF6BF8C2" box="[146,230,1784,1804]" captionStart="Plate 26" captionStartId="62.[146,187,1653,1670]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,151,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-94@62.[154,1434,147,1618]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Plate 26. Pycnostigminae. Fig. 274, Pycnostigmus rostratus Cameron, 1905, USNMENT01231880. Figs. 275 and 277, Pycnostigmus mastersonae Buffington and van Noort, 2007, SAM-HYM-P0024397. Fig. 276, Tylosema dayae Buffington and van Noort, 2007, SAM-HYM-P0024394. Figs. 278 and 279, Trjapitziniola vanharteni Buffington and van Noort 2007,USNMENT00764764." pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Figs. 274</figureCitation>
|
||
–279
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89B1156C50FF9EFF6CC917FB8CF8C6" blockId="62.[146,770,1784,1950]" lastBlockId="62.[818,1441,1751,1800]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
This charismatic and poorly known figitid group has a unique vein structure in the forewing; the veins of the marginal cell are heavily expanded, nearly closing the marginal cell, resulting in a pseudopterostigma. The only known metallic-colored figitid (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C36CA966C50FF9EFF67C989FE1EF853" authorityName="Buffington and van Noort" authorityYear="2007" box="[153,403,1931,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Pycnostigmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mastersonae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9426D076C50FF9EFF67C989FE1EF853" box="[153,403,1931,1949]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Pycnostigmus mastersonae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) belongs to the pycnostigmines. Their biology is unknown; all known specimens have been passively collected in Malaise traps
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89B1156C50FF9EFCCCC925FB96F8F5" blockId="62.[818,1051,1831,1851]" box="[818,1051,1831,1851]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Biology. Hosts unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89B1156C50FF9EFCCCC955FBF4F86B" blockId="62.[818,1442,1879,1957]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Distribution. Afrotropical and Palearctic; most species from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F27FF76C50FF9EFAA9C955FC31F846" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Western Cape Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321F1856C50FF9EFC34C976FC78F846" box="[970,1013,1908,1928]" name="South Africa" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">RSA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Rarely collected in arid southern Palearctic (North Africa and Southwest Asia).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF49E19D6C51FF9FFF6CC843FDB9F9A2" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" startId="63.[146,187,1601,1618]" subCaptionStartIDs="63.[335,371,1601,1618] 63.[904,940,1601,1618] 63.[1370,1398,1601,1618]" subCaptionStarts="Figs & Figs & Fig" targetBox="[159,1432,152,1564]" targetPageId="63">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89B1156C51FF9FFF6CC843FDB9F9A2" blockId="63.[146,1444,1601,1644]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9426D076C51FF9FFF6CC843FF54F99C" bold="true" box="[146,217,1601,1618]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Plate 27.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C36CA966C51FF9FFF1EC843FEC8F99C" authorityName="Kovalev" authorityYear="1994" box="[224,325,1601,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thrasorinae">Thrasorinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Figs. 280, 283, and 285,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C36CA966C51FF9FFDDFC843FCBCF99C" authority=", USNMENT" authorityName="USNMENT" box="[545,817,1601,1618]" class="Hexapoda" family="Figitidae" genus="Myrtopsen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimosae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9426D076C51FF9FFDDFC843FD40F99C" box="[545,717,1601,1618]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Myrtopsen mimosae</emphasis>
|
||
, USNMENT
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
01525867. Figs. 281 and 284,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C36CA966C51FF9FFBD2C843FB2DF99C" box="[1068,1184,1601,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Scutimica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9426D076C51FF9FFBD2C843FBF0F99C" box="[1068,1149,1601,1618]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Scutimica</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNMENT01231860. Fig. 282,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C36CA966C51FF9FFF6CC859FE0FF9A2" authority="Weld, 1944" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1944" box="[146,386,1627,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Thrasorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9426D076C51FF9FFF6CC859FEA9F9A2" box="[146,292,1627,1644]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Thrasorus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
Weld, 1944
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,USNMENT01231876.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89B1156C51FF9FFF6CC88CFF7FF912" blockId="63.[146,770,1678,1757]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Relevant literature.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7CCE46C51FF9FFEB1C88CFD1CF96C" author="Buffington, M. L. & S. van Noort" box="[335,657,1678,1698]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref22178" refString="Buffington, M. L., and S. van Noort. 2007. A world revision of the Pycnostigminae (Cynipoidea: Figitidae) with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa. 1392: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C36CA966C51FF9FFEB1C88CFE3DF96C" authority="Buffington & Forshage & Liljeblad & Tang & Noort, 2020" authorityName="Buffington & Forshage & Liljeblad & Tang & Noort" authorityYear="2020" box="[335,432,1678,1698]" genus="Buffington" pageId="63" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Buffington</taxonomicName>
|
||
and van Noort (2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
revised the genus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C36CA966C51FF9FFF2CC8A9FEBEF971" authority="Buffington & Forshage & Liljeblad & Tang & Noort, 2020" authorityName="Buffington & Forshage & Liljeblad & Tang & Noort" authorityYear="2020" box="[210,307,1707,1727]" genus="Buffington" pageId="63" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Buffington</taxonomicName>
|
||
et al. (2007, 2012) investigated the phylogeny of the group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89B1156C51FF9FFF6CC8FCFE99F8DC" blockId="63.[146,276,1790,1810]" box="[146,276,1790,1810]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Classification.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89B1156C51FF9FFF4AC92CFE54F88C" blockId="63.[180,473,1838,1858]" box="[180,473,1838,1858]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C36CA966C51FF9FFF4AC92CFE54F88C" authority="Cameron, 1905" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1905" box="[180,473,1838,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pycnostigminae">Pycnostigminae Cameron, 1905</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89B1156C51FF9FFF41C95DFD5DF863" blockId="63.[191,720,1886,1965]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C36CA966C51FF9FFF41C95DFE5BF8BC" authority="Cameron, 1905" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1905" box="[191,470,1886,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Pycnostigmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9426D076C51FF9FFF41C95DFEB3F8BF" box="[191,318,1887,1905]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Pycnostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
Cameron, 1905
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 5 species
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321F1856C51FF9FFDC8C95CFD27F8BC" box="[566,682,1886,1906]" name="South Africa" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C36CA966C51FF9FFF41C979FE4AF841" authority="Kovalev, 1995" authorityName="Kovalev" authorityYear="1995" box="[191,455,1915,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Trjapitziniola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9426D076C51FF9FFF41C979FEB1F841" box="[191,316,1915,1935]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Trjapitziniola</emphasis>
|
||
Kovalev, 1995
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2 species Southwest Asia
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C36CA966C51FF9FFF41C99BFE1BF863" authority="Kieffer, 1905" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1905" box="[191,406,1945,1965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Tylosema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9426D076C51FF9FFF41C99BFE9BF863" box="[191,278,1945,1965]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Tylosema</emphasis>
|
||
Kieffer, 1905
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3 species South and North Africa
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |