462 lines
51 KiB
XML
462 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="74252D5EA26550E3A4BA010B5E9ADE59" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4168.2.9" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4168.2.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7709e182-a95d-43a2-9ba8-747caeed3a62" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="262999" ID-ZooBank="C1C701D7-B409-43FB-BB36-78F880B8D178" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1473924640055" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Li, Shan, Konings, Adrianus F. & Stauffer, Jay R." docDate="2016" docId="0398977FFF90CC17FF1EFD51EC87E2F3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4168.2.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4168 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chindongo Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="9BD033A8-CA36-4958-A819-6EEAAC93CDF9" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="373" masterDocId="FFA1EF07FF83CC03FF89FF8AEE28E52F" masterDocTitle="A Revision of the Pseudotropheus elongatus species group (Teleostei: Cichlidae) With Description of a New Genus and Seven New Species" masterLastPageNumber="381" masterPageNumber="353" pageNumber="372" updateTime="1698385919667" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9ABBE96F719A2F69E49B075F7A1F7F68">A Revision of the Pseudotropheus elongatus species group (Teleostei: Cichlidae) With Description of a New Genus and Seven New Species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D6C0D20FD9C0BC8B60DAA8BD7B6FFB71">Li, Shan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DD7BEB125CE1C42455DE8B73A90499E9">Konings, Adrianus F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1C95A68DAF0A7785266DB4D3E0B9F841">Stauffer, Jay R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D6F21E237EFC07622BF27C98B467A639">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B531AC586DF3402925234170272D6C2A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C9F8B437653F59D1A0497CE48391CAE4">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="15E605830C850574940795B681EBA37B">4168</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0398977FFF90CC17FF1EFD51EC87E2F3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6059730" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124551804" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6059730" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9BD033A8-CA36-4958-A819-6EEAAC93CDF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0398977FFF90CC17FF1EFD51EC87E2F3" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="373" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
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<subSubSection id="C32B75E2FF90CC10FF1EFD51EFBBE7DA" box="[151,403,731,757]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF90CC10FF1EFD51EFBBE7DA" blockId="19.[151,403,731,757]" box="[151,403,731,757]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
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<heading id="D0C69105FF90CC10FF1EFD51EFBBE7DA" bold="true" box="[151,403,731,757]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FF1EFD51EFBBE7DA" bold="true" box="[151,403,731,757]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
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<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FF1EFD51EF36E7DA" box="[151,286,731,757]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FF1EFD51EF36E7DA" bold="true" box="[151,286,731,757]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Chindongo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2764700FF90CC10FEACFD51EFBBE7DA" box="[293,403,731,757]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32B75E2FF90CC10FF1EFCABEAC4E689" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF90CC10FF1EFCABEAC4E689" blockId="19.[151,1437,801,2017]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
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<materialsCitation id="3B592C34FF90CC10FF1EFCABEAC4E689" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1311613304" country="Tanzania" county="Members" location="Mbamba Bay" municipality="Most" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FF1EFCABEF97E615" ID-CoL="6WHRB" box="[151,447,801,826]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
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<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FF1EFCABEF97E615" box="[151,447,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Pseudotropheus elongatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
was described from specimens collected in
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<location id="8EEE70B2FF90CC10FC3AFCABEA64E615" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398977FFF90CC17FF1EFD51EC87E2F3:8EEE70B2FF90CC10FC3AFCABEA64E615" box="[947,1100,801,826]" country="Tanzania" county="Members" municipality="Most" name="Mbamba Bay" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Mbamba Bay</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F32666F9FF90CC10FBD1FCABEA94E615" box="[1112,1212,801,826]" name="Tanzania" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA05B98FF90CC10FB45FCA8EB66E615" author="Fryer" box="[1228,1358,801,826]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" refString="Fryer, G. (1956) New species of cichlid fishes from Lake Nyasa. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 53, 81 - 91." type="journal article" year="1956">Fryer 1956</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BEABC13FF90CC10FAEBFCA8EBB4E616" box="[1378,1436,802,825]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Most</collectingMunicipality>
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members of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FEC4FCCCEFFEE671" ID-CoL="6WHRB" box="[333,470,837,862]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
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<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FEC4FCCCEFFEE671" box="[333,470,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">P. elongatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group are small species with a standard length less than
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<quantity id="4CC98B8CFF90CC10FB25FCCCEADAE672" box="[1196,1266,838,862]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA05B98FF90CC10FA89FCCFEEFBE6AD" author="Ribbink" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" refString="Ribbink, A. J., Marsh, B. A., Marsh, A. C., Ribbink, A. C. & Sharp, B. J. (1983) A preliminary survey of the cichlid fishes of rocky habitats in Lake Malawi. South African Journal of Zoology, 18 (3), 149 - 310. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 02541858.1983.11447831" type="journal article" year="1983">
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Ribbink
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<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FAEDFCCCEBBDE671" box="[1380,1429,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">et al</emphasis>
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. 1983
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<collectingCounty id="62EF5EE5FF90CC10FF6FFCE3EF78E6AD" box="[230,336,873,898]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Members</collectingCounty>
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of this complex which are morphologically distinct from
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<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FC5EFCE3EB55E6AD" box="[983,1405,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
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<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FC5EFCE3EA4CE6AD" box="[983,1124,873,898]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Metriaclima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Metriaclima</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FBE6FCE3EACFE6AD" ID-CoL="82YD" box="[1135,1255,873,898]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tropheops</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FB7BFCE3EB51E6AD" ID-CoL="3YLH" box="[1266,1401,873,898]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cynotilapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynotilapia</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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or from the
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<typeStatus id="548A98CBFF90CC10FF74FC04EF05E689" box="[253,301,910,934]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">type</typeStatus>
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species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FE22FC07EC76E689" ID-CoL="73XT" box="[427,606,909,934]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FE22FC07EC76E689" box="[427,606,909,934]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Pseudotropheus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FDE5FC04ECC7E689" ID-CoL="6WHPV" box="[620,751,909,934]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamsi">
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<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FDE5FC04ECC7E689" box="[620,751,909,934]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">P. williamsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, will be placed into the newly defined genus.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32B75E2FF90CC10FF4EFC3BEC95E6E5" box="[199,701,945,970]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF90CC10FF4EFC3BEC95E6E5" blockId="19.[151,1437,801,2017]" box="[199,701,945,970]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
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||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FF4EFC3BEF4AE6E5" bold="true" box="[199,354,945,970]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Type species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FEE0FC3BEC74E6E5" box="[361,604,945,970]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chingongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellicosus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FEE0FC3BEC74E6E5" box="[361,604,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Chingongo bellicosus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FDEAFC3BEC95E6E5" bold="true" box="[611,701,945,970]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2764700FF90CC10FDEAFC3BEC95E6E5" box="[611,701,945,970]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32B75E2FF90CC10FF4EFC5FED1AE3CC" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF90CC10FF4EFC5FEB40E021" blockId="19.[151,1437,801,2017]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
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||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FF4EFC5FEF69E6C1" bold="true" box="[199,321,981,1006]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This genus is comprised of small, rock-dwelling haplochromine cichlids endemic to Lake
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<collectingCountry id="F32666F9FF90CC10FAC9FC5FEBB1E6C1" box="[1344,1433,981,1006]" name="Malawi" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
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. The possession of the following characteristics aligns
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<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FD7CFC73ED5AE13D" box="[757,882,1017,1042]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FD7CFC73ED5AE13D" box="[757,882,1017,1042]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Chindongo</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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with the other 13 mbuna genera in Lake
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<collectingCountry id="F32666F9FF90CC10FAB6FC73EBB1E13D" box="[1343,1433,1017,1042]" name="Malawi" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
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: 1) large number of small scales on the nape and chest region; 2) abrupt transition from large flank scales to small chest scales; 3) reduction of the left ovary; and 4) possession of true ocelli (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA05B98FF90CC10FBC5FBC8EAF3E175" author="Fryer" box="[1100,1243,1089,1114]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" refString="Fryer, G. (1959) The trophic interrelationships and ecology of some littoral communities of Lake Nyasa with especial reference to the fishes, and a discussion of the evolution of a group of rock - frequenting Cichlidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 132 (2), 153 - 281. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1959. tb 05521. x" type="journal article" year="1959">Fryer, 1959</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The following morphological characteristics distinguish
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FDE1FBEFECCCE151" box="[616,740,1125,1150]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FDE1FBEFECCCE151" box="[616,740,1125,1150]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
: 1) the presence of bicuspid teeth in the anterior portion of the outer row of both upper and lower jaws; 2) a moderately to steeply sloped vomer with a narrow rostral tip making an angle of between 53° and 68° with the parasphenoid; 3) small mouth with lower jaw slightly shorter than upper; 4) broad anterior dentigerous area on both premaxilla and dentary with 3 or more rows of teeth (usually 5–6 rows); 5) a flank melanin pattern consisting of vertical bars without horizontal elements at any stage of development.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF90CC10FF4EFA93ED1AE3CC" blockId="19.[151,1437,801,2017]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FF4EFA93EF6CE01D" box="[199,324,1305,1330]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FF4EFA93EF6CE01D" box="[199,324,1305,1330]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FDCDFA93ECC5E01D" box="[580,749,1305,1330]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Abactochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FDCDFA93ECC5E01D" box="[580,749,1305,1330]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Abactochromis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FD75FA93EDA8E01D" box="[764,896,1305,1330]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cynotilapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FD75FA93EDA8E01D" box="[764,896,1305,1330]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Cynotilapia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FC19FA93EA62E01D" box="[912,1098,1305,1330]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Gephyrochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FC19FA93EA62E01D" box="[912,1098,1305,1330]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Gephyrochromis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FB46FA93EB50E01D" box="[1231,1400,1305,1330]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Labidochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FB46FA93EB50E01D" box="[1231,1400,1305,1330]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Labidochromis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of bicuspid teeth in the anterior portion of the outer row of both the upper and lower jaws, which are unicuspid in the other genera, and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FDDAFAEBECF1E055" box="[595,729,1377,1402]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Petrotilapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FDDAFAEBECF1E055" box="[595,729,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Petrotilapia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FC87FAEBED9DE055" box="[782,949,1377,1402]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Labeotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FC87FAEBED9DE055" box="[782,949,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Labeotropheus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as representatives of these two genera have tricuspid teeth.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FEC2FA0FEFE0E0B1" box="[331,456,1413,1438]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FEC2FA0FEFE0E0B1" box="[331,456,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FCAFFA0FEDE6E0B1" box="[806,974,1413,1438]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Labidochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FCAFFA0FEDE6E0B1" box="[806,974,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Labidochromis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of an inclination of the anterior dentigerous area of the dentary which makes an angle of 30–45° with the dentigerous arms in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FF1EFA47EF17E0C9" box="[151,319,1485,1510]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Labidochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FF1EFA47EF17E0C9" box="[151,319,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Labidochromis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FEFBFA47EFC7E0C9" box="[370,495,1485,1510]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FEFBFA47EFC7E0C9" box="[370,495,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the anterior and posterior dentigerous areas of the dentary are in about the same plane as the arms), and by a wide U-shaped dentary which is narrowly V-shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FBBDFA7BEAF4E325" box="[1076,1244,1521,1546]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Labidochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FBBDFA7BEAF4E325" box="[1076,1244,1521,1546]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Labidochromis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The presence of teeth consisting of narrow shafts with recurved, spoonlike, compressed crowns distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FB3DF99FEB76E301" box="[1204,1374,1557,1582]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cyathochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FB3DF99FEB76E301" box="[1204,1374,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Cyathochromis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FF1EF9B3EF3BE37D" box="[151,275,1593,1618]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FF1EF9B3EF3BE37D" box="[151,275,1593,1618]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The isognathic to slightly retrognathic jaws of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FCCCF9B3EDEAE37D" box="[837,962,1593,1618]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FCCCF9B3EDEAE37D" box="[837,962,1593,1618]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
distinguish it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FB22F9B3EB65E37D" box="[1195,1357,1593,1618]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Genyochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FB22F9B3EB65E37D" box="[1195,1357,1593,1618]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Genyochromis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which possess a prognathic mouth with a strong chin.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FD42F9D7ED60E359" box="[715,840,1629,1654]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FD42F9D7ED60E359" box="[715,840,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FBDBF9D7EB29E359" box="[1106,1281,1629,1654]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FBDBF9D7EB29E359" box="[1106,1281,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Melanochromis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a lack of longitudinal stripes in its flank melanin pattern and by the absence of a sex-related reversal in the color pattern which characterizes the latter.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FE63F92FEC57E391" box="[490,639,1701,1726]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Iodotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FE63F92FEC57E391" box="[490,639,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Iodotropheus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by a narrow U-shaped dentary with a width about 3/4 of its length while that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FE68F940EC76E3CC" box="[481,606,1738,1763]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FE68F940EC76E3CC" box="[481,606,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is as wide as long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B75E2FF90CC17FF4EF97AEC83E2BC" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="373" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF90CC17FF4EF97AECCEE433" blockId="19.[151,1437,801,2017]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="373" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FF4EF97AEF6CE226" box="[199,324,1776,1801]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FF4EF97AEF6CE226" box="[199,324,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FDB7F97AECD9E226" box="[574,753,1776,1801]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FDB7F97AECD9E226" box="[574,753,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Pseudotropheus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(here characterized by its
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A98CBFF90CC10FB92F97BEA63E226" box="[1051,1099,1777,1801]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FB22F97BEB05E226" box="[1195,1325,1776,1801]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FB22F97BEB05E226" box="[1195,1325,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">P. williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FA0EF97BEEF3E202" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FA0EF97BEEF3E202" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">P. brevis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by a smaller mouth with relatively large outer teeth. The outer row teeth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FBBFF89EEAC1E202" box="[1078,1257,1812,1837]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FBBFF89EEAC1E202" box="[1078,1257,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Pseudotropheus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are about twice the size of those in the second row, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FD26F8B2ED04E27E" box="[687,812,1848,1873]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FD26F8B2ED04E27E" box="[687,812,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the outer row teeth are 4–10 times as large (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A3AECFF90CC10FACCF8B2EBA5E27F" box="[1349,1421,1848,1873]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,818,840]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,339,794]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[313,1273,339,794]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Occlusal view of the dentary Chindongo bellicosus (A) and Pseudotropheus williamsi (B). Note that the outer-row teeth of Chindongo (A) are much larger than those of the second row while those of P. williamsi are only slightly larger (B)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263011/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FF1EF8D6EF3CE25A" box="[151,276,1884,1909]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FF1EF8D6EF3CE25A" box="[151,276,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by a melanin pattern consisting of vertical bars on the flank while the pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FF1EF80AEF63E2B6" box="[151,331,1920,1945]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FF1EF80AEF63E2B6" box="[151,331,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Pseudotropheus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of two longitudinal bands of spots.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FCC1F80AEDEDE2B6" box="[840,965,1920,1945]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FCC1F80AEDEDE2B6" box="[840,965,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FBD5F80AEAF9E2B6" box="[1116,1233,1920,1945]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FBD5F80AEAF9E2B6" box="[1116,1233,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Tropheops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the placement of the teeth in the dentary; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FE63F82EEC4FE292" box="[490,615,1956,1981]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FE63F82EEC4FE292" box="[490,615,1956,1981]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all teeth are implanted at about the same plane and the dentigerous area extends posteriorly to about halfway the coronoid process, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF90CC10FC15F842EA39E2CE" box="[924,1041,1992,2017]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF90CC10FC15F842EA39E2CE" box="[924,1041,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Tropheops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
almost all teeth are anterior of the coronoid process and the anterior most teeth are implanted at a considerably lower level (the crown tips of the larger anterior teeth are at about the same level as those of the minute posterior teeth) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A3AECFF97CC17FBFAFF36EA91E5FB" box="[1139,1209,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1335,1357]" captionTargetBox="[329,1257,923,1311]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[329,1257,923,1311]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Occlusal view of the dentary Chindongo bellicosus (A) and Tropheops kamtambo (B). In Chindongo all teeth are implanted at about the same plane and the dentigerous area extends posteriorly to about halfway the coronoid process, while in Tropheops almost all teeth are anterior of the coronoid process and the anterior most teeth are implanted at a considerable lower level." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263012/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FB46FF36EB64E5FA" box="[1231,1356,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FB46FF36EB64E5FA" box="[1231,1356,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FF5DFF55EF61E5D7" box="[212,329,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FF5DFF55EF61E5D7" box="[212,329,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Tropheops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FE09FF55EC23E5D7" box="[384,523,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Metriaclima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FE09FF55EC23E5D7" box="[384,523,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Metriaclima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a consistently different range in the angle of the vomer (53–68° in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FA96FF55EBB4E5D7" box="[1311,1436,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FA96FF55EBB4E5D7" box="[1311,1436,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. 71–96° in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FEBAFE8EEF80E432" box="[307,424,260,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FEBAFE8EEF80E432" box="[307,424,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Tropheops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. 32–49° in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FDC2FE8EECFEE432" box="[587,726,260,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Metriaclima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FDC2FE8EECFEE432" box="[587,726,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Metriaclima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E76E1FF97CC17FF1EFCB8EB55E648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263011/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" targetBox="[313,1273,339,794]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF97CC17FF1EFCB8EB55E648" blockId="20.[151,1436,818,871]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FF1EFCB8EF3AE668" bold="true" box="[151,274,818,840]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Occlusal view of the dentary
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FDC8FCB8ED34E667" box="[577,796,818,840]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellicosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FDC8FCB8ED34E667" box="[577,796,818,840]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Chindongo bellicosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FCFEFCB8EA54E667" box="[887,1148,818,840]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FCFEFCB8EA54E667" box="[887,1148,818,840]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Pseudotropheus williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B). Note that the outer-row teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FF63FCDBEF73E648" box="[234,347,849,871]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FF63FCDBEF73E648" box="[234,347,849,871]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A) are much larger than those of the second row while those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FC64FCD8EA4BE648" box="[1005,1123,849,871]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FC64FCD8EA4BE648" box="[1005,1123,849,871]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">P. williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are only slightly larger (B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E76E1FF97CC17FF1EFABDEEE7E086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263012/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" targetBox="[329,1257,923,1311]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF97CC17FF1EFABDEEE7E086" blockId="20.[151,1436,1335,1449]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FF1EFABDEF3BE062" bold="true" box="[151,275,1335,1357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Occlusal view of the dentary
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FDCEFABDED0BE062" box="[583,803,1335,1357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellicosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FDCEFABDED0BE062" box="[583,803,1335,1357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Chindongo bellicosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FC09FABDEA73E062" box="[896,1115,1335,1357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kamtambo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FC09FABDEA73E062" box="[896,1115,1335,1357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Tropheops kamtambo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FB24FABDEB36E062" box="[1197,1310,1335,1357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FB24FABDEB36E062" box="[1197,1310,1335,1357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all teeth are implanted at about the same plane and the dentigerous area extends posteriorly to about halfway the coronoid process, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FF1EFAFEEF29E0A5" box="[151,257,1396,1418]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FF1EFAFEEF29E0A5" box="[151,257,1396,1418]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Tropheops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
almost all teeth are anterior of the coronoid process and the anterior most teeth are implanted at a considerable lower level.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF97CC17FF4EFA65EAEAE207" blockId="20.[151,1436,1519,2012]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">
|
||
Representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FE29FA65EC35E327" box="[416,541,1519,1544]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FE29FA65EC35E327" box="[416,541,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are further diagnosed by their feeding technique. Members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FB6EFA65EB4CE327" box="[1255,1380,1519,1544]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FB6EFA65EB4CE327" box="[1255,1380,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feed mostly on aufwuchs extracting loose material (diatoms and cyanobacteria) from the algal matrix on rocks by biting (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA05B98FF97CC17FF17F9BDEF69E37F" author="Konings" box="[158,321,1591,1616]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" refString="Konings, A. (2007) Malawi cichlids in their natural habitat. 4 th Edition. Cichlid Press, El Paso, Texas, 424 pp." type="book" year="2007">Konings 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and they feed at a 30–60° angle to the substrate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA05B98FF97CC17FCE6F9BDEA54E37F" author="Stauffer" box="[879,1148,1591,1616]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" refString="Stauffer, J. R. Jr. & Posner, I. (2006) An investigation of the utility of feeding angles among Lake Malawi rock-dwelling cichlids (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Copeia, 2006 (2), 289 - 292." type="journal article" year="2006">Stauffer & Posner 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They favor patches with a lush growth so that the bites yield sufficient food. In order to prevent other algae-eaters access to such lush aufwuchs, members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FE20F9F5EC0EE3B7" box="[425,550,1663,1688]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FE20F9F5EC0EE3B7" box="[425,550,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
protect their feeding grounds aggressively with most species defending socalled algal gardens. Members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FDA1F929EC9AE393" box="[552,690,1699,1724]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Metriaclima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FDA1F929EC9AE393" box="[552,690,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Metriaclima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rake the algal matrix with their teeth collecting only the loose material while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FECBF94DEF9FE3CF" box="[322,439,1735,1760]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FECBF94DEF9FE3CF" box="[322,439,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Tropheops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species feed by shearing and twisting algal strands from the substrate.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FB61F94DEBB3E3CF" box="[1256,1435,1735,1760]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FB61F94DEBB3E3CF" box="[1256,1435,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Pseudotropheus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FF29F967EF0DE22B" box="[160,293,1771,1796]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FF29F967EF0DE22B" box="[160,293,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">P. williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FEE9F967EFE9E22B" box="[352,449,1771,1796]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FEE9F967EFE9E22B" box="[352,449,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">P. brevis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) do not feed on algae but instead on insects that fall on the water surface or even by jumping partly out of the water snapping lake flies hovering above the surface (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA05B98FF97CC17FB98F885EA9EE207" author="Konings" box="[1041,1206,1807,1832]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" refString="Konings, A. (2007) Malawi cichlids in their natural habitat. 4 th Edition. Cichlid Press, El Paso, Texas, 424 pp." type="book" year="2007">Konings 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF97CC17FF4EF8BEEC83E2BC" blockId="20.[151,1436,1519,2012]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">
|
||
In addition to the newly described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FDD3F8BEECC4E263" box="[602,748,1843,1868]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellicosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FDD3F8BEECC4E263" box="[602,748,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">C. bellicosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we assign the following species, which were previously in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FF1EF8DDEF63E25F" box="[151,331,1879,1904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FF1EF8DDEF63E25F" box="[151,331,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Pseudotropheus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FEF4F8DDEFD1E25F" box="[381,505,1879,1904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FEF4F8DDEFD1E25F" box="[381,505,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FD84F8D2EC76E240" box="[525,606,1880,1903]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FD84F8D2EC76E240" box="[525,606,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">C. ater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FDF9F8D2ECC7E240" box="[624,751,1880,1903]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FDF9F8D2ECC7E240" box="[624,751,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">C. cyaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FC88F8D2EDB9E25F" box="[769,913,1879,1904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="demasoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FC88F8D2EDB9E25F" box="[769,913,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">C. demasoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FC2DF8D2EA1DE25F" box="[932,1077,1879,1904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FC2DF8D2EA1DE25F" box="[932,1077,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">C. elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FBC1F8D2EA87E25F" box="[1096,1199,1879,1904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FBC1F8D2EA87E25F" box="[1096,1199,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">C. flavus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FB4BF8D2EB58E25F" box="[1218,1392,1879,1904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heteropictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FB4BF8D2EB58E25F" box="[1218,1392,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">C. heteropictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FA0BF8D2EEC0E2BB" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longior">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FA0BF8D2EEC0E2BB" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">C. longior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FF7FF8F6EF58E2BB" box="[246,368,1916,1940]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FF7FF8F6EF58E2BB" box="[246,368,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">C. minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FEF4F8F6EFC5E2BB" box="[381,493,1915,1940]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saulosi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FEF4F8F6EFC5E2BB" box="[381,493,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">C. saulosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FDA2F8F6EC8DE2BB" box="[555,677,1915,1940]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socolofi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FDA2F8F6EC8DE2BB" box="[555,677,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">C. socolofi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B75E2FF97CC17FF4EF815EC87E2F3" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF97CC17FF4EF815EC87E2F3" blockId="20.[151,1436,1519,2012]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FF4EF815EF66E297" bold="true" box="[199,334,1951,1976]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF97CC17FE50F815EC7EE297" box="[473,598,1951,1976]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Chindongo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF97CC17FE50F815EC7EE297" box="[473,598,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Chindongo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a commonly-used name for “small, rock-dwelling fish” in the local vernacular of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32666F9FF97CC17FEBBF849EFA3E2F3" box="[306,395,1987,2012]" name="Malawi" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The gender is masculine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |