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<mods:title id="6E608D860E827144F4E85D5339307BD8">Wild Relatives of the Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.: Solanaceae): New Understanding of Species Names in a Complex Group</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C3337ED3FFC8FFD2FCDDFC6BFB461FB6" box="[851,1270,958,980]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC8FFD2FCDDFC6BFB461FB6" blockId="6.[851,1479,958,1014]" box="[851,1270,958,980]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
4.
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FCE6FC15FB891FB6" ID-CoL="4Y2TL" authority="L." authorityName="L." box="[872,1081,958,980]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
Solanum incanum
<bibCitation id="5E032534FFC8FFD2FBADFC15FB891FB6" author="L." box="[1059,1081,958,980]" journal="Sp. Pl." page="188" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1753">L.</bibCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Sp. Pl. 188. 1753.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3337ED3FFC8FFD2FCE6FC74FA771F94" box="[872,1479,991,1014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC8FFD2FCE6FC74FA771F94" blockId="6.[851,1479,958,1014]" box="[872,1479,991,1014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB390A76FFC8FFD2FCE6FC74FA771F94" box="[872,1479,991,1014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitation id="0A880B49FFC8FFD2FCE6FC74FAB61F94" author="L." box="[872,1286,991,1014]" page="269" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1762">
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FCE6FC74FBA81F94" ID-CoL="4Y44M" authority="L." authorityName="L." box="[872,1048,991,1014]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FCE6FC74FC491F97" box="[872,1017,991,1013]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum sanctum</emphasis>
<bibCitation id="5E032534FFC8FFD2FB8FFC4BFBA81F94" author="L." box="[1025,1048,992,1014]" journal="Sp. Pl. ed. 2" page="269" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1762">L.</bibCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Sp. Pl. ed 2: 269. 1762
</treatmentCitation>
, nom. illeg. superfl.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3337ED3FFC8FFD2FCEEFBBAFBBE1819" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC8FFD2FCEEFBBAFBBE1819" blockId="6.[840,1479,1041,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Distribution. Ethiopia, Somalia, Arabia, and the Middle East to Pakistan, with some populations in N Kenya, Sudan, and extending to westwards to Mali; thickets, scrubland, and desert savanna;
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.
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Application of the name
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FBC1FB2BFB1B18F4" box="[1103,1195,1152,1174]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FBC1FB2BFB1B18F4" box="[1103,1195,1152,1174]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. incanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been incredibly confused and variable since its first description. This could be grounds for its rejection (see
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FC41FB13FBF718AC" box="[975,1095,1208,1230]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linnaeanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FC41FB13FBF718AC" box="[975,1095,1208,1230]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. linnaeanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below), but we feel its common use to describe eggplant relatives merits its re-circumscription and careful re-use in a more restricted context than previously (e.g., [
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC8FFD2FAE4FB5BFA361964" author="Lester RN &amp; Hazan SMZ" box="[1386,1414,1264,1286]" editor="Hawkes JG &amp; Lester RN &amp; Nee M &amp; Estrada N" journalOrPublisher="Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="369 - 387" refId="ref10927" refString="29. Lester RN, Hazan SMZ (1991) Origin and domestication of the brinjal eggplant, Solanum melongena, from Solanum incanum, in Africa and Asia. In: Hawkes JG, Lester RN, Nee M, Estrada N, editors. Solanaceae III: taxonomy, chemistry and evolution. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, 369 - 387." title="Origin and domestication of the brinjal eggplant, Solanum melongena, from Solanum incanum, in Africa and Asia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Solanaceae III: taxonomy, chemistry and evolution" year="1991">29</bibRefCitation>
]). The type specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FC72FAA7FBEC1940" box="[1020,1116,1292,1314]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FC72FAA7FBEC1940" box="[1020,1116,1292,1314]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. incanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
chosen by Hepper and Jaeger [
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC8FFD2FA2AFAA7FA701940" author="Hepper FN &amp; Jaeger P-ML" box="[1444,1472,1292,1314]" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="387 - 391" part="40" refId="ref11482" refString="45. Hepper FN, Jaeger P-ML (1985) The typification of six Linnaean names in Solanum. Kew Bull 40: 387 - 391." title="The typification of six Linnaean names in Solanum" type="journal article" year="1985">45</bibRefCitation>
] matches material from the Middle East in being densely yellow pubescent with shallowly lobed leaves. Due in part to the misapplication of the name
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FBE3FAF4FB601917" box="[1133,1232,1375,1397]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FBE3FAF4FB601917" box="[1133,1232,1375,1397]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. incanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to material from India and southeast Asia and confusion over the differences between
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FA3BFAD0FC3D19CF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FA3BFAD0FC3D19CF" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. incanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FC4AFA33FB9319CF" box="[964,1059,1432,1453]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FC4AFA33FB9319CF" box="[964,1059,1432,1453]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. insanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, North African specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FAC5FA33FA1A19CF" box="[1355,1450,1432,1453]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FAC5FA33FA1A19CF" box="[1355,1450,1432,1453]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. incanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as defined here were often identified and sometimes named as varieties of
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FC39FA64FBDB1984" authority="Forssk." authorityName="Forssk." box="[951,1131,1487,1510]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coagulans">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FC39FA64FBAD1986" box="[951,1053,1487,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. coagulans</emphasis>
Forssk.
</taxonomicName>
, an unrelated North African species that can easily be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FB44FA40FA9B1A62" box="[1226,1323,1515,1536]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FB44FA40FA9B1A62" box="[1226,1323,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. incanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its fragrant zygomorphic flowers and berry enclosed in an accrescent calyx; see complete synonymy in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC8FFD2FBC1F988FBDC1A5B" author="Vorontsova MS &amp; Knapp S" box="[1103,1132,1571,1593]" editor="Beentje H" journalOrPublisher="Richmond: RBG Kew" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="164 - 186" refId="ref10772" refString="25. Vorontsova MS, Knapp S (2012) Solanum sections Oliganthes, Melongena and Monodolichopus. In: Edmonds JM, Solanaceae, In: Beentje H, editor. Flora of Tropical East Africa. Richmond: RBG Kew, 164 - 186, 198 - 215, 220 - 223." title="Solanum sections Oliganthes, Melongena and Monodolichopus" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Flora of Tropical East Africa" year="2012">25</bibRefCitation>
]. The most common misapplication of the epithet incanum is its use to describe any wild eggplant relative from Africa, most commonly
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FB34F9F0FAEB1A0D" box="[1210,1371,1626,1648]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campylacanthum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FB34F9F0FAEB1A0D" box="[1210,1371,1626,1648]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. campylacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC8FFD2FCEEF9DDFB591B0E" blockId="6.[840,1479,1041,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FCEEF9DDFC4B1AEE" box="[864,1019,1654,1676]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FCEEF9DDFC4B1AEE" box="[864,1019,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Solanum incanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131231DDFFC8FFD2FB9EF9DCFBEB1AEF" box="[1040,1115,1655,1677]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[155,220,172,191]" captionTargetBox="[160,1391,167,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-0@3.[155,1397,162,1916]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Representative flower and fruit morphology of eggplant and its wild relatives. A. Solanum campylacanthum inflorescences (Kenya - Vorontsova et al. 157); B. Solanum incanum immature fruit (Kenya Vorontsova et al. 203); C. Solanum insanum fruit cross-section (China Wang et al. 2047); D. Solanum insanum inflorescence with several hermaphrodite flowers (China Wang et al. 2039); E. Solanum linnaeanum with yellow mature and mottled green immature fruit, note highly dissected leaves (Spain - Knapp IM-10096); F. Solanum melongena flower with duplicated parts (China Wang et al. 2042). Photographs: A, B taken M.S. Vorontsova; C, D, E, F taken by S. Knapp. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057039.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6338574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6338574/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
) is a species of dry regions from northern Kenya to Pakistan and in general occurs in drier areas than do other species of the group, although all are weedy and occupy a wide variety of habitats. It is morphologically most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FC25F94DFB971A99" box="[939,1063,1766,1787]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lichtensteinii">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FC25F94DFB971A99" box="[939,1063,1766,1787]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. lichtensteinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of southern Africa and clustered with that species in phenetic analyses [
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC8FFD2FBFEF8A8FB3C1B7B" author="Lester RN &amp; Hazan SMZ" box="[1136,1164,1795,1817]" editor="Hawkes JG &amp; Lester RN &amp; Nee M &amp; Estrada N" journalOrPublisher="Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="369 - 387" refId="ref10927" refString="29. Lester RN, Hazan SMZ (1991) Origin and domestication of the brinjal eggplant, Solanum melongena, from Solanum incanum, in Africa and Asia. In: Hawkes JG, Lester RN, Nee M, Estrada N, editors. Solanaceae III: taxonomy, chemistry and evolution. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, 369 - 387." title="Origin and domestication of the brinjal eggplant, Solanum melongena, from Solanum incanum, in Africa and Asia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Solanaceae III: taxonomy, chemistry and evolution" year="1991">29</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC8FFD2FB1FF8A8FB1D1B7B" author="Mace ES &amp; Lester RN &amp; Gebhardt CG" box="[1169,1197,1795,1817]" journalOrPublisher="Theor Appl Genet" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="626 - 633" part="99" refId="ref10993" refString="30. Mace ES, Lester RN, Gebhardt CG (1999) AFLP analysis of genetic relationships among the cultivated eggplant, Solanum melongena L., and wild relatives (Solanaceae). Theor Appl Genet 99: 626 - 633." title="AFLP analysis of genetic relationships among the cultivated eggplant, Solanum melongena L., and wild relatives (Solanaceae)" type="journal article" year="1999">30</bibRefCitation>
]. The species can be easily distinguished by geography and by the young stems on dry specimens that are more deeply ridged in
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FB64F891FAD71B2D" box="[1258,1383,1850,1871]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lichtensteinii">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FB64F891FAD71B2D" box="[1258,1383,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. lichtensteinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and only shallowly or not at all ridged in
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FB0BF8FDFB531B09" box="[1157,1251,1878,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FB0BF8FDFB531B09" box="[1157,1251,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. incanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC8FFDCFCEEF8D9FE4C1E69" blockId="6.[840,1479,1041,1956]" lastBlockId="8.[155,793,164,523]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Lester and Hasan [
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC8FFD2FB92F8D9FB881BEA" author="Lester RN &amp; Hazan SMZ" box="[1052,1080,1906,1928]" editor="Hawkes JG &amp; Lester RN &amp; Nee M &amp; Estrada N" journalOrPublisher="Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="369 - 387" refId="ref10927" refString="29. Lester RN, Hazan SMZ (1991) Origin and domestication of the brinjal eggplant, Solanum melongena, from Solanum incanum, in Africa and Asia. In: Hawkes JG, Lester RN, Nee M, Estrada N, editors. Solanaceae III: taxonomy, chemistry and evolution. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, 369 - 387." title="Origin and domestication of the brinjal eggplant, Solanum melongena, from Solanum incanum, in Africa and Asia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Solanaceae III: taxonomy, chemistry and evolution" year="1991">29</bibRefCitation>
] proposed that their
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FA9BF8D9FA351BEA" box="[1301,1413,1906,1928]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">S. incanum</taxonomicName>
group C (=
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC8FFD2FC05F825FC591BC1" box="[907,1001,1934,1955]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC8FFD2FC05F825FC591BC1" box="[907,1001,1934,1955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. incanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as defined here) was the ancestral type and that all the rest of the species were derived from it in a bidirectional manner (i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFEAEFF6BFE3D1CB4" box="[288,397,192,214]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFEAEFF6BFE3D1CB4" box="[288,397,192,214]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. melongena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the east and
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFDBDFF6BFD651CB4" box="[563,725,192,214]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campylacanthum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFDBDFF6BFD651CB4" box="[563,725,192,214]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. campylacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the south, then giving rise to
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFE1FFF77FDBD1C90" box="[401,525,220,242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lichtensteinii">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFE1FFF77FDBD1C90" box="[401,525,220,242]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. lichtensteinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
still further to the south); if polyploidy is indeed occuring in this group (see above under
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFC86FF53FE931D48" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campylacanthum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFC86FF53FE931D48" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. campylacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) this scenario needs re-examination. Chromosome counts have not been published for material that is verifiably
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFC86FE9BFF501D00" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFC86FE9BFF501D00" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. incanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but high fertility in crosses with
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFDCBFEE7FD041D00" box="[581,692,332,354]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFDCBFEE7FD041D00" box="[581,692,332,354]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. melongena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC6FFDCFD49FEE7FD521D00" author="Daunay M-C &amp; Hazra P" box="[711,738,332,354]" editor="Peter KV &amp; Hazra P" journalOrPublisher="Houston: Studium Press" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="257 - 322" refId="ref10579" refString="19. Daunay M-C, Hazra P (2012) Eggplant. In: Peter KV, Hazra P, editors. Handbook of Vegetables. Houston: Studium Press, 257 - 322." title="Eggplant" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Handbook of Vegetables" year="2012">19</bibRefCitation>
] and molecular work with co-dominant SSR markers [
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC6FFDCFDF7FEC3FD251D1C" author="Vilanova S &amp; Blasco M &amp; Hurtado M &amp; Munoz-Falcon JE &amp; Prohens J" box="[633,661,360,382]" editor="Prohens J &amp; Rodriguez-Burruezo A" journalOrPublisher="Valencia: Editoral de la Universitat Politecnica de Valencia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="435 - 439" refId="ref11509" refString="46. Vilanova S, Blasco M, Hurtado M, Munoz-Falcon JE, Prohens J, et al. (2010) Development of a linkage map of eggplant based on a S. incanum x S. melongena backcross generation. In: Prohens J, Rodriguez-Burruezo A, editors. Advances in genetics and breeding of capsicum and eggplant. Valencia: Editoral de la Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, 435 - 439." title="Development of a linkage map of eggplant based on a S. incanum x S. melongena backcross generation" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Advances in genetics and breeding of capsicum and eggplant" year="2010">46</bibRefCitation>
] suggests it is diploid.
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFF7AFE2FFE201DF8" box="[244,400,388,410]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFF7AFE2FFE201DF8" box="[244,400,388,410]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum incanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is being used in eggplant breeding programmes as a source of variation for phenolics content and resistance to drought as well as to develop ILs (introgression lines, see [
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC6FFDCFF5CFE72FF5F1D8D" author="Eshed Y &amp; Zamir D" box="[210,239,473,495]" journalOrPublisher="Genetics" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1147 - 1162" part="141" refId="ref11586" refString="47. Eshed Y, Zamir D (1995) An introgression line population of Lycopersicon pennellii in the cultivated tomato enables the identification and fine mapping of yield associated QTL. Genetics 141: 1147 - 1162." title="An introgression line population of Lycopersicon pennellii in the cultivated tomato enables the identification and fine mapping of yield associated QTL" type="journal article" year="1995">47</bibRefCitation>
]; http://zamir.sgn.cornell.edu/Qtl/il_story.htm) as a resource for eggplant breeding [
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC6FFDCFE5AFE5EFE421E69" author="Vilanova S &amp; Blasco M &amp; Hurtado M &amp; Munoz-Falcon JE &amp; Prohens J" box="[468,498,501,523]" editor="Prohens J &amp; Rodriguez-Burruezo A" journalOrPublisher="Valencia: Editoral de la Universitat Politecnica de Valencia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="435 - 439" refId="ref11509" refString="46. Vilanova S, Blasco M, Hurtado M, Munoz-Falcon JE, Prohens J, et al. (2010) Development of a linkage map of eggplant based on a S. incanum x S. melongena backcross generation. In: Prohens J, Rodriguez-Burruezo A, editors. Advances in genetics and breeding of capsicum and eggplant. Valencia: Editoral de la Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, 435 - 439." title="Development of a linkage map of eggplant based on a S. incanum x S. melongena backcross generation" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Advances in genetics and breeding of capsicum and eggplant" year="2010">46</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>