251 lines
31 KiB
XML
251 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="ECBBE2C7157A6DBF0DE5CE11C0A5778A" ID-CLB-Dataset="26179" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4638.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a8b9540f-40d0-413e-9086-4e6f428d250c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3338810" ID-ZooBank="B24E54D1-B370-489A-BDA7-B98190C49471" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563336319872" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Basheer, V. S. & Ravi, Charan" docDate="2019" docId="0355220E5C19FFE9CD9FFD6F99376D5F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4638.3.6.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4638 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aenigmachanna mahabali Basheer & Ravi 2019, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="414" masterDocId="FF6C5A765C18FFEDCD08FF9F9D0B6868" masterDocTitle="Aenigmachanna mahabali, a new species of troglophilic snakehead (Pisces: Channidae) from Kerala, India" masterLastPageNumber="418" masterPageNumber="410" pageNumber="411" updateTime="1698745675894" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="800E276123D6D606FC3977B3695143FA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D535E39AF5324FFECC3A8DEF58EBCF92">
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<mods:title id="54872CFBA136AA06D04C6AF6821E6B6C">Aenigmachanna mahabali, a new species of troglophilic snakehead (Pisces: Channidae) from Kerala, India</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="68EF34ED7C98E7175189FBDB84151264" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="082749CA3C18F542517FDC936EFA102B">Basheer, V. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2BF794F6828A032F96EE67D62E4A5AC5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B702367D2A06A6CB53147959BE222199">Ravi, Charan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7BD2251BB33502EB80631C314D8B4737">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F7DBFB2104F16440D17CBAAEFACFD3A8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0F2512C4FCC35A0129FEF198A0B3BC2E">
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<mods:date id="A38DF72F15629D7213BE8B36835CB2EE">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C635BAAAA58A5CF773361E406027889B">2019-07-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2B13D496CA097E8134A88B4AB038E735">4638</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0355220E5C19FFE9CD9FFD6F99376D5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677622" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158698202" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5677622" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0355220E5C19FFE9CD9FFD6F99376D5F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0355220E5C19FFE9CD9FFD6F99376D5F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">
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<subSubSection id="C3E6C0935C19FFECCD9FFD6F9ECE6B46" pageId="1" pageNumber="411" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B4393185C19FFECCD9FFD6F9ECE6B46" blockId="1.[151,965,751,814]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">
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<taxonomicName id="4CFCE89B5C19FFECCD9FFD6F9CC76B62" authority="Basheer & Ravi, 2019" authorityName="Basheer & Ravi" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,460,752,778]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Aenigmachanna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mahabali" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C19FFECCD9FFD6F9CC76B62" box="[151,460,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">Aenigmachanna mahabali</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C19FFECCCD3FD6F9F616B61" bold="true" box="[475,618,751,778]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2BBF2715C19FFECCCD3FD6F9F616B61" box="[475,618,751,778]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<subSubSection id="C3E6C0935C19FFECCD9FFCC49FF76BF2" pageId="1" pageNumber="411" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B4393185C19FFECCD9FFCC49FF76BF2" blockId="1.[151,1437,859,1210]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">
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<materialsCitation id="3B9499455C19FFECCD9FFCC49FF76BF2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2283960905" collectingDate="2018-04-18" collectionCode="ICAR-NBFGR" collectorName="Arun Vishwanath" country="India" county="Peringara" location="near Thiruvalla" municipality="Pathanamthitta" pageId="1" pageNumber="411" specimenCode="CHAPMAH.1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54472DBA5C19FFECCD9FFCC49C0F6B1D" box="[151,260,859,885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="EDED0BDD5C19FFECCC18FCC39CCB6B1E" box="[272,448,860,886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">ICAR-NBFGR</collectionCode>
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/
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<specimenCode id="DB5A3B635C19FFECCCC1FCC39F6E6B1E" box="[457,613,860,886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">CHAPMAH.1</specimenCode>
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;
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SL;
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<collectingCountry id="F3EBD3885C19FFECCE09FCC49E346B1D" box="[769,831,859,885]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">India</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49385DFA5C19FFECCE43FCC49E916B1D" box="[843,922,859,885]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">Kerala</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingCounty id="6222EB945C19FFECCEAEFCC4991F6B1D" box="[934,1044,859,885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">Peringara</collectingCounty>
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,
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<location id="8E23C5C35C19FFECC929FCC399C56B1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0355220E5C19FFE9CD9FFD6F99376D5F:8E23C5C35C19FFECC929FCC399C56B1D" box="[1057,1230,859,886]" country="India" county="Peringara" municipality="Pathanamthitta" name="near Thiruvalla" pageId="1" pageNumber="411" stateProvince="Kerala">near Thiruvalla</location>
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in
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B2709625C19FFECC9FCFCC498976B1D" box="[1268,1436,859,885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">Pathanamthitta</collectingMunicipality>
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district. Collected by
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<collectorName id="2609F6CE5C19FFECCC8FFC1F9F456BF1" box="[391,590,895,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">Arun Vishwanath</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FF42B5D85C19FFECCF51FC1F9FF36BF2" box="[601,760,895,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411" value="2018-04-18">
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<collectingDate id="EF064C305C19FFECCF51FC1F9FF36BF2" box="[601,760,895,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411" value="2018-04-18">18 April 2018</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3E6C0935C19FFECCDCFFC3C9F096CFD" pageId="1" pageNumber="411" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B4393185C19FFECCDCFFC3C9F096CFD" blockId="1.[151,1437,859,1210]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">
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<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C19FFECCDCFFC3C9C496BD6" bold="true" box="[199,322,931,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A species of
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<taxonomicName id="4CFCE89B5C19FFECCCD7FC3B9F9E6BD6" authorityName="Britz, Anoop, Dahanukar & Raghavan" authorityYear="2019" box="[479,661,932,958]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Aenigmachanna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C19FFECCCD7FC3B9F9E6BD6" box="[479,661,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">Aenigmachanna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as evidenced by the complete absence of a lateral line, an elongate eel-like body, a long-based dorsal fin nearly three-quarters of standard length, and a long-based anal fin, greater than half of standard length, with over 40 rays.
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<taxonomicName id="4CFCE89B5C19FFECCFA2FC739EDA6C6E" authorityName="Basheer & Ravi" authorityYear="2019" box="[682,977,1004,1030]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Aenigmachanna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mahabali">
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<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C19FFECCFA2FC739EDA6C6E" box="[682,977,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">Aenigmachanna mahabali</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from the only other known species in the genus by possessing fewer rays in the dorsal fin (53 vs 56–57), fewer scales in a lateral series (76 vs 83–85), a shorter head (18.5% SL vs 20.7–21.6% SL), a longer upper jaw (64.5% HL vs 60.0–60.8% HL), a smaller eye (9.8% HL vs 12.7–13.3% HL), and in having the pectoral-fin rays extending as filaments well beyond the margin of the fin membrane.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3E6C0935C19FFEFCDCFFB009EA06BEB" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="412" pageId="1" pageNumber="411" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B4393185C19FFECCDCFFB00986D6CD2" blockId="1.[151,1437,859,1210]" box="[199,1382,1183,1210]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">
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<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C19FFECCDCFFB009C506CD2" bold="true" box="[199,347,1183,1210]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">Description:</emphasis>
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General appearance as in
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<figureCitation id="13C78F9D5C19FFECCF8AFB009E026CD2" box="[642,777,1183,1210]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1723,1748]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,250,1965,1990]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,250,1962,1987]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1231,1703]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,1065,1946]" captionTargetBox-2="[287,1300,166,1942]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[151,1436,1231,1703]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[151,1436,1065,1946]" captionTargetId-2="figure@3.[287,1300,166,1942]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Aenigmachanna mahabali, ICAR-NBFGR/CHAPMAH.1, 127mm SL, in life." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Aenigmachanna mahabali, ICAR-NBFGR/CHAPMAH.1, 127mm SL, in preservative; lateral, dorsal and ventral views." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Cephalic sensory pores on the head of Aenigmachanna mahabali, holotype, ICAR-NBFGR/CHAPMAH.1, 127mm SL: dorsal, lateral and ventral views." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3338812/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3338814/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3338816/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
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; morphometric and meristic data are given in
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<tableCitation id="C67EA6A35C19FFECC804FB00986B6CD2" box="[1292,1376,1183,1210]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,154,178]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic data for Aenigmachanna mahabali" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF83C3905C1DFFE8CD9FFF059EA668DA" pageId="1" pageNumber="411" tableUuid="DF83C3905C1DFFE8CD9FFF059EA668DA">Table 1</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF83C3905C19FFECCD9FF92499BA6EBC" box="[151,1201,1723,1748]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3338812/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="411" startId="1.[151,250,1723,1748]" targetBox="[151,1436,1231,1703]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="8B4393185C19FFECCD9FF92499BA6EBC" blockId="1.[151,1201,1723,1748]" box="[151,1201,1723,1748]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">
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<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C19FFECCD9FF9249C186EBC" bold="true" box="[151,275,1723,1748]" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="4CFCE89B5C19FFECCC91F9249FAF6EBB" authorityName="Basheer & Ravi" authorityYear="2019" box="[409,676,1723,1747]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Aenigmachanna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mahabali">
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<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C19FFECCC91F9249FAF6EBB" box="[409,676,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">Aenigmachanna mahabali</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, ICAR-NBFGR/CHAPMAH.1, 127mm SL, in life.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B4393185C19FFEFCDCFF89D98756893" blockId="1.[151,1437,1794,2037]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,153,1043]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="412" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">
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The body is slender and elongate, sloping upwards from the snout to the dorsal-fin origin and then very gently sloping downwards to the caudal peduncle. The body is deepest at the origin of the dorsal fin (10.9% SL) and widest at the origin of the anal fin (9.3% SL). The caudal peduncle is deeper (4.6% SL) than long (2.5% SL). The bases of the dorsal and anal fins are long (73.1% and 58.3% SL, respectively), with 53 and 42 rays, respectively. The posterior branch of each of the branched dorsal-fin rays, from the 20th ray posteriorly, is bifurcated distally (
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<figureCitation id="13C78F9D5C19FFECC810F80D98566FC4" box="[1304,1373,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,599,624]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,573]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,181,573]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Close up of the posterior end of the dorsal fin of Aenigmachanna mahabali, holotype, ICAR-NBFGR/CHAPMAH.1, 127mm SL, illustrating secondary-branching of rays. The large arrow points to the entire anterior branch of a ray, the small arrows point to the secondary bifurcation of the posterior branch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3338818/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). The pectoral fin (14.0% SL) is shorter than the head, and has 12 rays which are produced as filaments beyond the margin of the interradial membrane (
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<figureCitation id="13C78F9D5C19FFECCCEAF8459F2C6F9D" box="[482,551,2010,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1555,1580]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,453,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,453,1536]" captionText="FIGURE 6. Close up of the pectoral fin of Aenigmachanna mahabali, holotype, ICAR-NBFGR/CHAPMAH.1, 127mm SL, illustrating the terminal extension of the rays. The approximate position of the interradial membrane is outlined in white, the arrows point to the approximate end of the pectoral fin rays." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3338836/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="411">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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||
). The pelvic fin is absent. The caudal fin is lanceolate, with 14 branched rays. Pored lateral-line scales are absent. There are 76 scales in a lateral series,
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<quantity id="4C043EFD5C1AFFEFCEECFF06991468DB" box="[996,1055,153,179]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" unit="in" value="12.0">12 in</quantity>
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a transverse series at the anal-fin origin, and 17 pre-dorsal scales. There are 61 total vertebrae. The bones of the hypural complex are arranged in two groups separated by a distinct gap, with each hypural plate supporting 7 branched rays of the caudal fin (
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<figureCitation id="13C78F9D5C1AFFEFC824FF7E987B6893" box="[1324,1392,224,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,250,986,1011]" captionTargetBox="[267,1311,774,898]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[236,1351,718,961]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. X-radiograph of the holotype of Aenigmachanna mahabali, holotype, ICAR-NBFGR/CHAPMAH.1, 127mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3338820/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B4393185C1AFFEFCDCFFE9A99736A0B" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">
|
||
The head is moderately long (18.5% SL), widest (51.3% HL) approximately midway, and deepest (53.4% HL) at the nape. The snout (22.7% HL) is broad and blunt. The eyes are small (9.8% HL) and situated dorsolaterally in the anterior third of the head. The mouth is large (64.5% HL), with fleshy lips, and the length of the maxilla is more than twice the distance from the tip of the snout to the posterior margin of the eye. Both upper and lower jaws exhibit multiple rows of minute, pointed teeth. There are 10 prominent caniniform teeth arranged in a single row on the vomer and there is a single row of smaller teeth on the palatines. Cephalic sensory pores are single, without satellite openings, and consists of 2 nasal pores, 7 circumorbital pores, 2 frontal pores, 4 preopercular pores, 2 extrascapular pores, 1 pterotic pore, 1 posttemporal pore, 4 dentary and 1 anguloarticular pores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13C78F9D5C1AFFEFC932FD9E99746A73" box="[1082,1151,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1962,1987]" captionTargetBox="[287,1300,166,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[287,1300,166,1942]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cephalic sensory pores on the head of Aenigmachanna mahabali, holotype, ICAR-NBFGR/CHAPMAH.1, 127mm SL: dorsal, lateral and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3338816/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are 10 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch. There are no scales in the gular region or on the ventral side of the lower jaw. The scales in the postorbital region anterior to the nape are deeply embedded in the skin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4393185C1AFFEFCDCFFDF398976B7F" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1AFFEFCDCFFDF39CBE6AEF" bold="true" box="[199,437,620,647]" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">Colouration. In life:</emphasis>
|
||
The body is uniformly reddish-brown, with the colouration of the ventral surface anterior to the anal-fin origin fading to cream. The scales on the cheek exhibit reflective silvery regions surrounding areas of dark pigment, while those on the operculum are almost entirely silvery. Scales on the body are pigmented basally to about a third of the scale length, with clear distal margins, presenting the appearance of a row of spots along the side. The fins are hyaline, with faint spots on the dorsal-fin membrane and a spot at the base of each dorsal-fin ray.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4393185C1AFFEFCDCFFCBE9EA06BEB" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1AFFEFCDCFFCBE9C8C6B53" bold="true" box="[199,391,800,827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">In preservative:</emphasis>
|
||
The body is predominantly brown, darker brown dorsally. The ventral side of the head, the chest and belly are cream with spots of darker pigment, especially along the ventral mid-line. The scales exhibit pigmented bases and unpigmented distal regions. The fins are hyaline.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3E6C0935C1AFFEFCDCFFC139E396C7B" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4393185C1AFFEFCDCFFC139E396C7B" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1AFFEFCDCFFC139C9B6BCF" bold="true" box="[199,400,908,935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">Genetic analysis.</emphasis>
|
||
The COI sequence generated in this study, representing a barcode for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CFCE89B5C1AFFEFC9ACFC1298266BCF" authorityName="Basheer & Ravi" authorityYear="2019" box="[1188,1325,909,935]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Aenigmachanna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mahabali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1AFFEFC9ACFC1298266BCF" box="[1188,1325,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">A. mahabali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been submitted to GenBank under the accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber id="94AF0EFB5C1AFFEFCFD3FC2F9E546BA3" box="[731,863,944,971]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK736657" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">MK736657</accessionNumber>
|
||
. Uncorrected pairwise distances were calculated to be 12.3% between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CFCE89B5C1AFFEFCC63FC4A9CFF6B87" authorityName="Basheer & Ravi" authorityYear="2019" box="[363,500,981,1007]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Aenigmachanna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mahabali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1AFFEFCC63FC4A9CFF6B87" box="[363,500,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">A. mahabali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CFCE89B5C1AFFEFCF22FC4A9F9C6B87" box="[554,663,981,1007]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Aenigmachanna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gollum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1AFFEFCF22FC4A9F9C6B87" box="[554,663,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">A. gollum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and ranged from 15.8-24.4% between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CFCE89B5C1AFFEFC959FC4A980C6B87" authorityName="Britz, Anoop, Dahanukar & Raghavan" authorityYear="2019" box="[1105,1287,981,1007]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Aenigmachanna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1AFFEFC959FC4A980C6B87" box="[1105,1287,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">Aenigmachanna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CFCE89B5C1AFFEFC835FC4A989D6B87" box="[1341,1430,981,1007]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1AFFEFC835FC4A989D6B87" box="[1341,1430,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">Channa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 19.4-21.5% between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CFCE89B5C1AFFEFCCBDFC669F606C7B" authorityName="Britz, Anoop, Dahanukar & Raghavan" authorityYear="2019" box="[437,619,1017,1043]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Aenigmachanna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1AFFEFCCBDFC669F606C7B" box="[437,619,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">Aenigmachanna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CFCE89B5C1AFFEFCFA9FC669E206C7B" authorityName="Teugels & Daget" authorityYear="1984" box="[673,811,1017,1043]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Parachanna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1AFFEFCFA9FC669E206C7B" box="[673,811,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">Parachanna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF83C3905C1AFFEFCD9FF8329C5A6F82" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3338814/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" startId="2.[151,250,1965,1990]" targetBox="[151,1436,1065,1946]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4393185C1AFFEFCD9FF8329C5A6F82" blockId="2.[151,1436,1965,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1AFFEFCD9FF8329C186FAE" bold="true" box="[151,275,1965,1990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CFCE89B5C1AFFEFCC92F8319FAE6FAE" authorityName="Basheer & Ravi" authorityYear="2019" box="[410,677,1966,1990]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Aenigmachanna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mahabali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1AFFEFCC92F8319FAE6FAE" box="[410,677,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">Aenigmachanna mahabali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ICAR-NBFGR/CHAPMAH.1, 127mm SL, in preservative; lateral, dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF83C3905C1BFFEECD9FF8359F076F8F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3338816/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" startId="3.[151,250,1962,1987]" targetBox="[287,1300,166,1942]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4393185C1BFFEECD9FF8359F076F8F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1962,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1BFFEECD9FF8359C196FAB" bold="true" box="[151,274,1962,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Cephalic sensory pores on the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CFCE89B5C1BFFEECF90F8359EAA6FAA" authorityName="Basheer & Ravi" authorityYear="2019" box="[664,929,1962,1986]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Aenigmachanna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mahabali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1BFFEECF90F8359EAA6FAA" box="[664,929,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">Aenigmachanna mahabali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, ICAR-NBFGR/CHAPMAH.1, 127mm SL: dorsal, lateral and ventral views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF83C3905C1CFFE9CD9FFDC89E136AD0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3338818/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" startId="4.[151,250,599,624]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,573]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4393185C1CFFE9CD9FFDC89E136AD0" blockId="4.[151,1437,599,696]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1CFFE9CD9FFDC89C1A6A18" bold="true" box="[151,273,599,624]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Close up of the posterior end of the dorsal fin of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CFCE89B5C1CFFE9CFE5FDC79EFD6A18" authorityName="Basheer & Ravi" authorityYear="2019" box="[749,1014,600,624]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Aenigmachanna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mahabali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1CFFE9CFE5FDC79EFD6A18" box="[749,1014,600,624]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Aenigmachanna mahabali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, ICAR-NBFGR/CHAPMAH.1, 127mm SL, illustrating secondary-branching of rays. The large arrow points to the entire anterior branch of a ray, the small arrows point to the secondary bifurcation of the posterior branch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF83C3905C1CFFE9CD9FFC45989C6B9B" box="[151,1431,986,1011]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3338820/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" startId="4.[151,250,986,1011]" targetBox="[267,1311,774,898]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4393185C1CFFE9CD9FFC45989C6B9B" blockId="4.[151,1431,986,1011]" box="[151,1431,986,1011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1CFFE9CD9FFC459C186B9B" bold="true" box="[151,275,986,1011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
X-radiograph of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CFCE89B5C1CFFE9CF6BFC449E656B9B" authorityName="Basheer & Ravi" authorityYear="2019" box="[611,878,987,1011]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Aenigmachanna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mahabali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1CFFE9CF6BFC449E656B9B" box="[611,878,987,1011]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Aenigmachanna mahabali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, ICAR-NBFGR/CHAPMAH.1, 127mm SL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3E6C0935C1CFFE9CDCFFBBF993E6CA3" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4393185C1CFFE9CDCFFBBF993E6CA3" blockId="4.[151,1436,1056,1336]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1CFFE9CDCFFBBF9C6A6C53" bold="true" box="[199,353,1056,1083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is known from a single location, a well in Peringara, near Thiruvalla in Pathanamthitta district,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49385DFA5C1CFFE9CC44FBDA9C926C37" box="[332,409,1093,1119]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3EBD3885C1CFFE9CCADFBDA9CD46C37" box="[421,479,1093,1119]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13C78F9D5C1CFFE9CCE7FBDA9F3E6C08" box="[495,565,1093,1120]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[151,250,895,920]" captionTargetBox="[175,1436,181,875]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,181,875]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. Map illustrating type locality of Aenigmachanna mahabali as well that of other species of troglobytic fishes from Kerala, India." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3338822/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). When the fish was found, at the height of summer, the water surface in the well was at a depth of about 5 metres below the ground surface. The specimen came to light when the water in the well, normally clear, suddenly turned muddy and the well was drained to facilitate cleaning. Peringara is situated in a large natural wetland that abuts the Kuttanad lowlands, ‘the rice bowl’ of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49385DFA5C1CFFE9CEEBFB2E993A6CA3" box="[995,1073,1201,1227]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3E6C0935C1CFFE9CDCFFB4A99376D5F" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4393185C1CFFE9CDCFFB4A99376D5F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1056,1336]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9884F0A5C1CFFE9CDCFFB4A9C456C87" bold="true" box="[199,334,1237,1263]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
In the mythology of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49385DFA5C1CFFE9CF4AFB4A9F846C87" box="[578,655,1237,1263]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Mahabali was a king who conquered the three realms and was banished to the netherworld by Vamana, an avatar of Vishnu. He is, however, allowed to return to the mortal realm once a year, which is celebrated in the festival of Onam. Treated as a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |