treatments-xml/data/6F/92/5D/6F925DE4223E5E358512D3E0B97EC0DC.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.175.59849" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9ad0c81-e330-4212-835b-8659a2b55aad" ID-PMC="PMC8044066" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-175-109" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9BC1BDC81BE0520E819ED60BD77AAE73" ID-PubMed="33889051" ModsDocID="1314-2003-175-109" checkinTime="1617804107291" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pandey, Tirtha Raj &amp; Jin, Xiao-Hua" docDate="2021" docId="6F925DE4223E5E358512D3E0B97EC0DC" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 175: 109-136" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 175" docPubDate="2021-04-06" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.175.59849" docTitle="Habenaria josephi Rchb. f., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., ser. 2, 3: 114 1888" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="9BC1BDC81BE0520E819ED60BD77AAE73" lastPageNumber="109" masterDocId="9BC1BDC81BE0520E819ED60BD77AAE73" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Habenaria josephi group (sect. Diphyllae s. l.) in the Pan-Himalaya" masterLastPageNumber="136" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="109" updateTime="1668140266013" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of Habenaria josephi group (sect. Diphyllae s. l.) in the Pan-Himalaya</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pandey, Tirtha Raj</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9081-8409</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China &amp; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China &amp; National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories, Godawari, Lalitpur, Nepal</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jin, Xiao-Hua</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">xiaohuajin@ibcas.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number>175</mods:number>
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<mods:start>109</mods:start>
<mods:end>136</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.175.59849</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.175.59849</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-175-109</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="180879716" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6F925DE4223E5E358512D3E0B97EC0DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F925DE4223E5E358512D3E0B97EC0DC" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
1. 
<taxonomicName LSID="6F925DE4-223E-5E35-8512-D3E0B97EC0DC" authority="Rchb. f., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., ser. 2, 3: 114 (1888)." authorityName="Rchb. f., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., ser. 2, 3: 114" authorityYear="1888" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Habenaria josephi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="josephi">Habenaria josephi Rchb. f., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., ser. 2, 3: 114 (1888).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Habenaria aitchisonii var. josephi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aitchisonii" variety="josephi">Habenaria aitchisonii josephi</taxonomicName>
≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Habenaria aitchisonii subsp. var. var. josephi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aitchisonii" subSpecies="var." variety="josephi">Habenaria aitchisonii var. josephi</taxonomicName>
(Rchb.f.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 152 (1890).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName authorityName="N.Pearce &amp; P.J.Cribb" authorityYear="2001" baseAuthorityName="Rchb.f." class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Habenaria diphylla var. josephi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="diphylla" variety="josephi">Habenaria diphylla josephi</taxonomicName>
≡ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="N.Pearce &amp; P.J.Cribb" authorityYear="2001" baseAuthorityName="Rchb.f." class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Habenaria diphylla subsp. var. var. josephi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="diphylla" subSpecies="var." variety="josephi">Habenaria diphylla var. josephi</taxonomicName>
(Rchb.f.) N. Pearce &amp; P.J. Cribb, Edinburgh J. Bot. 58: 114. 2001. Type. INDIA, Sikkim, 1849, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">J.D. Hooker 42</emphasis>
[holotype: K (K000247480 image!); isotypes: K, AMES (00256484 image!), P (P00370608 image!), LE n.v.].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Habenaria clarkei" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clarkei">Habenaria clarkei</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Habenaria clarkei" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clarkei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Habenaria clarkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kränzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 148 (1892). Type. INDIA, Sikkim, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">J. D. Hooker 42</emphasis>
[lectotype designated here: K (K000247480 image!); isolectotypes: K, AMES (00256484 image!), P, LE n.v.].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
Terrestrial herbs, 5-20 cm tall. Tubers ovoid-fusiform. Stems pubescent. Leaves 2, opposite, basal; sheathing at base; leaf blade broadly ovate-orbicular to weakly cordate, 1.5-3.1 cm long, 1-2.5 cm broad, apex apiculate. Inflorescences 4-15 cm long, laxly to subdensely 2- to 6-flowered; rachis minutely glandular, pubescent, 1.5-3.8 cm long; floral bracts narrowly lanceolate, ca. 1 cm long, pubescent, apex acuminate. Flowers green, fragrant; ovary and pedicel curved, 7-13 mm long, pubescent. Dorsal sepal ovate, 5.5-6 mm long, 2.5-3 mm broad, apex acute, forming hood with petals; lateral sepals ovate, reflexed to spreading, 5-7 mm long, ca. 2.6 mm broad, apex acute. Petals obliquely ovate-triangular, base broad, 5-6 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, apex acute; lip 3-lobed, clawed, spurred; lateral lobes linear, apex recurved-coiled, 6-9 mm long, ca. 0.6 mm wide; mid-lobe linear, ca. 5 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm broad; spur curved, clavate, 8-15 mm long. Column stout; anther locules parallel; pollinia globose-ovoid; caudicle stout; stigma processes closely parallel, united above mouth of spur, lingulate. (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Habenaria josephi A habit B floral bract C pedicellate ovary with spur D petal E dorsal sepal F lateral sepal G lip (A photographed from FLPH Expedition 13 - 0845, PE B-G drawn from the same specimen by T. R. Pandey)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.175.59849.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/527684" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.175.59849.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/527684" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rchb. f., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., ser. 2, 3: 114" authorityYear="1888" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Habenaria josephi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="josephi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Habenaria josephi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">A</emphasis>
habit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">B</emphasis>
floral bract 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">C</emphasis>
pedicellate ovary with spur 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">D</emphasis>
petal 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">E</emphasis>
dorsal sepal 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">F</emphasis>
lateral sepal 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">G</emphasis>
lip (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">A</emphasis>
photographed from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">FLPH Expedition 13-0845</emphasis>
, PE 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">B-G</emphasis>
drawn from the same specimen by T.R. Pandey).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Flowering from July to September.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
Moist grassy hillsides, stream banks, in 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Betula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest; 3000-4600 m elev.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
Endemic to the Pan-Himalaya; Sikkim and Darjeeling, Bhutan, M Yarlung Zangbo, Yarlung Zangbo-Brahmaputra and S Hengduan. (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Distribution of Habenaria josephi (black circles) in the Pan-Himalaya." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.175.59849.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/527685" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.175.59849.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/527685" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rchb. f., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., ser. 2, 3: 114" authorityYear="1888" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Habenaria josephi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="josephi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Habenaria josephi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black circles) in the Pan-Himalaya.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="more illustrations">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">More illustrations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<bibRefCitation author="Pearce, N" journalOrPublisher="Pleione" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="B22" refString="Pearce, N, Cribb, PJ, 2002. The Orchids of Bhutan. Flora of Bhutan (Vol. 3(3)). Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh and Royal Government of Bhutan." title="The Orchids of Bhutan. Flora of Bhutan (Vol. 3 (3 )). Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh and Royal Government of Bhutan." year="2002">Pearce and Cribb (2002</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 41, a-m; as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. diphylla subsp. var. var. josephi" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="variety" species="diphylla" subSpecies="var." variety="josephi">H. diphylla var. josephi</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">SIKKIM and DARJEELING: Sikkim</emphasis>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3069099303" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="J. D. Hooker, F. Ludlow, G. Sherriff, J. H. Hicks, I. W. J. Sinclair, D. G. Long, S. Den, Dr. King's, G. King's, G. Forrest" country="BHUTAN" county="Upper Mo Chu" elevation="3800" location="North of Phari" municipality="Upper Pho Chu" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bumthang">
Tungu, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="3.9519999999999995" metricValueMin="3.648" unit="m" value="3800.0" valueMax="3952.0" valueMin="3648.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="3.9519999999999995" metricValueMin="3.648" unit="m" value="3800.0" valueMax="3952.0" valueMin="3648.0">3648-3952 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., 1849, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<collectorName>J.D. Hooker</collectorName>
42
</emphasis>
(K). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<collectingCountry name="Bhutan">BHUTAN</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion country="Bhutan" name="Bumthang">Bumthang</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, Marlungm Tsampa, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" unit="m" value="4400.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" unit="m" value="4400.0">4400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., 1949, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<collectorName>F. Ludlow</collectorName>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<collectorName>G. Sherriff</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>J.H. Hicks</collectorName>
19397
</emphasis>
(AMES 01946674); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<collectingRegion country="Bhutan" name="Gasa">Gasa</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingCounty>Upper Mo Chu</collectingCounty>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.12" unit="m" value="4120.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.12" unit="m" value="4120.0">4120 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., 1984, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<collectorName>I.W.J. Sinclair</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>D.G. Long</collectorName>
5289
</emphasis>
(RENZ); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<collectingRegion country="Bhutan" name="Gasa">Gasa</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, Gafoo-la, 
<collectingMunicipality>Upper Pho Chu</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="4000.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="4000.0">4000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., 1949, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<collectorName>F. Ludlow</collectorName>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<collectorName>G. Sherriff</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>J.H. Hicks</collectorName>
16725
</emphasis>
[CAL (CAL0000056823), AMES (01946675)]; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Jomolhari</emphasis>
(GLORIA site), 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.514" unit="m" value="4514.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.514" unit="m" value="4514.0">4514 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., 2010, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<collectorName>S. Den</collectorName>
et al.
</emphasis>
193 (National Biodiversity Centre, Bhutan). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">M YARLUNG ZANGBO: Yadong</emphasis>
, Phari, 1879, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Dungboo s. n.</emphasis>
[K (K000247481), CAL (CAL0000092705)]; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Yadong</emphasis>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6F925DE4223E5E358512D3E0B97EC0DC:1A5F5B09D4F6B7A7D54CC463E5D7C82A" country="BHUTAN" county="Upper Mo Chu" municipality="Upper Pho Chu" name="North of Phari" stateProvince="Bumthang">North of Phari</location>
, 1882, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<collectorName>
Dr. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="King’s">King's</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
collectors s. n.
</emphasis>
(CAL0000092702); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Yadong</emphasis>
, Tem-la, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6F925DE4223E5E358512D3E0B97EC0DC:66D71D44EA14B27C5701A5E57001C2B2" country="BHUTAN" county="Upper Mo Chu" municipality="Upper Pho Chu" name="North of Phari" stateProvince="Bumthang">North of Phari</location>
, 1882, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<collectorName>
G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="King’s">King's</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
collectors s. n.
</emphasis>
(CAL0000092703). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">YARLUNG ZANGBO-BRAHMAPUTRA: Cona</emphasis>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.641" unit="m" value="3641.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.641" unit="m" value="3641.0">3641 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., 2013, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">FLPH Tibet Expedition 13-0957</emphasis>
(PE); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Zayü</emphasis>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" unit="m" value="4100.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" unit="m" value="4100.0">4100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., 2013, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">FLPH Tibet Expedition 13-0845</emphasis>
(PE). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">S HENGDUAN: Yulong</emphasis>
, eastern flank of Lichiang range, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="3500.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., 1906, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<collectorName>G. Forrest</collectorName>
2739
</emphasis>
(CAL0000055843)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.678" author="Hooker, JD" journalOrPublisher="Reeve &amp; Co., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="B11" refString="Hooker, JD, 1890. The Flora of British India, Orchideae to Cyperaceae (Vol. 6), Part 17. L. Reeve &amp; Co., London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.678" title="The Flora of British India, Orchideae to Cyperaceae (Vol. 6), Part 17. L." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.678" year="1890">Hooker (1890)</bibRefCitation>
tentatively placed some of the 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Habenaria" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Habenaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, such as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. reniformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="reniformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. reniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(D. Don) Hook.f., 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. diphylla" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="diphylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. diphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dalz. and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. aitchisonii" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="aitchisonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. aitchisonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Rchb.f., into the section 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Habenaria" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Trimeroglossa">Habenaria Trimeroglossa</taxonomicName>
. However, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. josephi" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="josephi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. josephi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was assigned a varietal rank under 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. aitchisonii" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="aitchisonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. aitchisonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Later, 
<bibRefCitation author="Kra ̈ nzlin, F" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="52 - 223" refId="B13" refString="Kränzlin, F, 1892. Beitraege zu einer Monographie der Gattung Habenaria Willd. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 16: 52 - 223" title="Beitraege zu einer Monographie der Gattung Habenaria Willd." volume="16" year="1892">Kränzlin (1892</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Kra ̈ nzlin, F" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="B14" refString="Kränzlin, F, 1901. Orchidacearum genera et species (Vol. 1). Mayer &amp; Mueller, Berlin." title="Orchidacearum genera et species (Vol. 1). Mayer &amp; Mueller, Berlin." year="1901">1901</bibRefCitation>
) proposed the section 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Habenaria" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Diphyllae">Habenaria Diphyllae</taxonomicName>
to accommodate the species with two basal leaves and included 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. clarkei" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="clarkei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. clarkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. glaucifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="glaucifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. glaucifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. diphylla" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="diphylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. diphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. reniformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="reniformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. reniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. aitchisonii" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="aitchisonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. aitchisonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the section along with a few other 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Habenaria" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Habenaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. He followed 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hooker’s">Hooker's</normalizedToken>
view regarding the position of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. josephi" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="josephi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. josephi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a variety of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. aitchisonii" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="aitchisonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. aitchisonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, albeit with a note &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Die var. Josephi Hook. f. ist nur eine Form</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
aus den 
<normalizedToken originalValue="höchsten">hoechsten</normalizedToken>
der oben angegebenen Standorte stammend
</emphasis>
(the variety 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rchb. f., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., ser. 2, 3: 114" authorityYear="1888" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Habenaria josephi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="josephi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Habenaria josephi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only a form occurring in the highest of the above-mentioned locations)&quot; suggesting that the plant is merely a higher elevation variety of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. aitchisonii" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="aitchisonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. aitchisonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Paradoxically, Kränzlin described 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. clarkei" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="clarkei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. clarkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the same publication, based on a duplicate of 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Hooker 42</emphasis>
(the type specimen of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. josephi" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="josephi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. josephi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from Sikkim, which was kept at B (distributed from 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hooker’s">Hooker's</normalizedToken>
Herbarium at K). After an extensive search, it now appears that 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Hooker 42</emphasis>
had at least six duplicates: two at K and one each at P, AMES, B and LE, of which the specimen at B was lost during the Second World War, while at LE, the specimen could not be found during a recent search (fide Petr Efimov). The remaining four duplicates are still extant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
In the past, the taxonomic identity of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rchb. f., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., ser. 2, 3: 114" authorityYear="1888" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Habenaria josephi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="josephi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Habenaria josephi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
became doubtful, often shifting from one name to another, sometimes as 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Habenaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Habenaria aitchisoni subsp. var. var. josephi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aitchisoni" subSpecies="var." variety="josephi">Habenaria aitchisoni var. josephi</taxonomicName>
(Rchb.f.) Hook.f. or as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. diphylla subsp. var. var. josephi" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="variety" species="diphylla" subSpecies="var." variety="josephi">H. diphylla var. josephi</taxonomicName>
(Rchb.f.) Pearce &amp; Cribb. Even in recent literature on the orchid species of Sikkim, its type locality is not uniform in this regard. Some botanists treat it as a variety of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. diphylla" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="diphylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. diphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428601000488" author="Pearce, N" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="99 - 122" refId="B23" refString="Pearce, N, Cribb, PJ, Renz, J, 2001. Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XLIV. Taxonomic notes, new taxa and additions to the Orchidaceae of Bhutan and Sikkim (India). Edinburgh Journal of Botany 58 (1): 99 - 122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428601000488" title="Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XLIV. Taxonomic notes, new taxa and additions to the Orchidaceae of Bhutan and Sikkim (India)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428601000488" volume="58" year="2001">Pearce et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Pearce, N" journalOrPublisher="Pleione" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="B22" refString="Pearce, N, Cribb, PJ, 2002. The Orchids of Bhutan. Flora of Bhutan (Vol. 3(3)). Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh and Royal Government of Bhutan." title="The Orchids of Bhutan. Flora of Bhutan (Vol. 3 (3 )). Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh and Royal Government of Bhutan." year="2002">Pearce and Cribb 2002</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Lucksom, SZ" journalOrPublisher="Beihefte" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="B19" refString="Lucksom, SZ, 2007. The Orchids of Sikkim and North East Himalaya. S.Z. Lucksom, Siliguri." title="The Orchids of Sikkim and North East Himalaya. S. Z. Lucksom, Siliguri." year="2007">Lucksom 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Choudhury, S" editor="Ghosh, C" journalOrPublisher="Gour Mahavidyalaya, Malda" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="81 - 90" refId="B5" refString="Choudhury, S, Mukherjee, SK, Chowdhery, HJ, 2011. Distribution and diversity of the genus Habenaria Willdenow (Orchidaceae) in India (conference paper). In: Ghosh, C, Das, AP, Eds., Recent Studies in Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge in India. Gour Mahavidyalaya, Malda: 81 - 90" title="Distribution and diversity of the genus Habenaria Willdenow (Orchidaceae) in India (conference paper)." volumeTitle="Recent Studies in Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge in India." year="2011">Choudhury et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
), while 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.26679/Pleione.13.2.2019.355-384" author="Maity, D" journalOrPublisher="Pleione" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="355 - 384" refId="B20" refString="Maity, D, Ghosh, J, Pradhan, N, Mukherjee, SK, Maiti, GG, 2019. Enumeration of Orchids of Sikkim. Pleione 13 (2): 355 - 384, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26679/Pleione.13.2.2019.355-384" title="Enumeration of Orchids of Sikkim." url="https://doi.org/10.26679/Pleione.13.2.2019.355-384" volume="13" year="2019">Maity et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
regard it merely as another synonym of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. diphylla" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="diphylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. diphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A closer look at this species reveals it to be not only distinct morphologically, but also well characterised in terms of habitat and distribution. Whereas 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. diphylla" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="diphylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. diphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is predominantly a tropical species of moderate size (10-40 cm tall), broadly distributed from peninsular India to the Philippines, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. josephi" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="josephi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. josephi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a small-sized (5-20 cm tall) high-elevation temperate to alpine species occurring from Sikkim eastwards to the Hengduan Mountains, i.e. it is endemic to the Pan-Himalaya. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428601000488" author="Pearce, N" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="99 - 122" refId="B23" refString="Pearce, N, Cribb, PJ, Renz, J, 2001. Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XLIV. Taxonomic notes, new taxa and additions to the Orchidaceae of Bhutan and Sikkim (India). Edinburgh Journal of Botany 58 (1): 99 - 122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428601000488" title="Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XLIV. Taxonomic notes, new taxa and additions to the Orchidaceae of Bhutan and Sikkim (India)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428601000488" volume="58" year="2001">Pearce et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
provided an elaborate discussion on the phenetic variations that delineate this taxon from the other species, yet they assigned it to a varietal rank under 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. diphylla" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="diphylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. diphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Examination of the type and other dried specimens, as well as living individuals, clearly shows that it is distinct. Short stature, scape without sterile bracts, 2-6-flowered rachis, curved, pubescent ovary, deflexed lateral sepals and lip with stooping (reflexed) lateral lobes that ultimately coil around terminally are amongst the unique diagnostic morphological features. Furthermore, recent molecular studies (
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-017-1160-x" author="Jin, WT" journalOrPublisher="Reeve &amp; Co., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="B12" refString="Jin, WT, Schuiteman, A, Chase, MW, Li, JW, Chung, SW, Hsu, TC, Jin, XH, 2017. Phylogenetics of subtribe Orchidinae s.l. (Orchidaceae; Orchidoideae) based on seven markers (plastid matK, psaB, rbcL, trnL-F, trnH-psba, and nuclear nrITS, Xdh): implications for generic delimitation. BMC Plant Biology 17(1-14): e222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-017-1160-x" title="Phylogenetics of subtribe Orchidinae s. l. (Orchidaceae; Orchidoideae) based on seven markers (plastid matK, psaB, rbcL, trnL-F, trnH-psba, and nuclear nrITS, Xdh): implications for generic delimitation. BMC Plant Biology 17 (1 - 14): e 222." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-017-1160-x" year="2017">Jin et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223355" author="Raskoti, BB" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="B26" refString="Raskoti, BB, Ale, R, 2019. Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new epiphytic species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae; Orchideae; Orchidinae) from Nepal. PLoS ONE 14(10): e0223355. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223355" title="Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new epiphytic species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae; Orchideae; Orchidinae) from Nepal. PLoS ONE 14 (10): e 0223355." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223355" year="2019">Raskoti and Ale 2019</bibRefCitation>
) have consolidated its distinction from similar-looking species. Therefore, a specific rank seems fully justified here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>