treatments-xml/data/03/F0/87/03F087F4FFE8FFC098D5EC84FDE263D7.xml
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<document id="81CD58D33124C5B6B41EBC2B194905E3" ID-CLB-Dataset="27856" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4527.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="204b959b-a233-40b6-bb64-7bbe6922c75c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2612169" ID-ZooBank="BF8FE858-F1AF-4F6A-A540-A9B613430E1C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553698411948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ziegler, Thomas, Ngo, Hai Ngoc, Pham, Anh Van, Nguyen, Tham Thi, Le, Minh Duc &amp; Nguyen, Truong Quang" docDate="2018" docId="03F087F4FFE8FFC098D5EC84FDE263D7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4527.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4527 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parafimbrios vietnamensis Ziegler &amp; Ngo &amp; Pham &amp; Nguyen &amp; Le &amp; Nguyen 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="273" masterDocId="FFC9FF8CFFEAFFC49842EA47FFB2601C" masterDocTitle="A new species of Parafimbrios from northern Vietnam (Squamata: Xenodermatidae)" masterLastPageNumber="276" masterPageNumber="269" pageNumber="271" updateTime="1698714454699" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="438246A7AC7AE8E6DE7D52D6D0C1C85F">A new species of Parafimbrios from northern Vietnam (Squamata: Xenodermatidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8FF43217EB05A2C626D5A3794D0ABDB0">Ziegler, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D73B4DC195FA7B9DD8B6913BB80A60C1">Ngo, Hai Ngoc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1D93C0148A17CFAAD448C58857BCA2A2">Pham, Anh Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="67BA44E274BE7165732F23EC88A73E6C">Nguyen, Tham Thi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D65B157C36713372B08FD25E8DFCB052">Le, Minh Duc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BE7689D60A4553911E1F8A7C76A91DB6">Nguyen, Truong Quang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="96E29F9A7EC1601D1380CB3592C48B1F">2018</mods:date>
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<heading id="D0AE818EFFE8FFC698D5EC84FD8D66C2" bold="true" box="[151,575,1731,1758]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFE8FFC698D5EC84FD8D66C2" bold="true" box="[151,575,1731,1758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D61FFE8FFC698D5EC84FE6866C1" authority="Ziegler &amp; Ngo &amp; Pham &amp; Nguyen &amp; Le &amp; Nguyen, 2018" authorityName="Ziegler &amp; Ngo &amp; Pham &amp; Nguyen &amp; Le &amp; Nguyen" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,474,1731,1757]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenodermatidae" genus="Parafimbrios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vietnamensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFE8FFC698D5EC84FE6866C1" bold="true" box="[151,474,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Parafimbrios vietnamensis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578BFFE8FFC699A3EC83FD8D66C2" box="[481,575,1732,1758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="13622A67FFE8FFC698D5ECA1FEB066E3" box="[151,258,1766,1791]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1519,1541]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1437,589,1497]" captionTargetBox-1="[170,1417,1027,1909]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1437,589,1497]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[170,1417,1027,1909]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Head views of the holotype of Parafimbrios vietnamensis sp. nov. (IEBR A.2018.7) in preserved state. Phot. T. Ziegler." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Frontal view of head (top) and lateral view of midbody region (bottom) of the holotype of Parafimbrios vietnamensis sp. nov. (IEBR A.2018.7) in preserved state. Phot. T. Ziegler." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2612173/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2612175/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
.
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<materialsCitation id="3B313CBFFFE8FFC698D5ED76FC9E678B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2029173086" collectingDate="2016-06-02" collectionCode="IEBR" collectorName="H. V. Tu &amp; H. N. Ngo" county="Hoang Ho Village" elevation="1317" latitude="0.36966667" location="Sin Ho District" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="0.24141666" municipality="Phang So Lin Commune" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lai Chau" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54E28840FFE8FFC698D5ED76FEB46755" box="[151,262,1841,1865]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
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<collectionCode id="ED48AE27FFE8FFC69951ED75FEE16755" box="[275,339,1842,1865]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">IEBR</collectionCode>
A.2018.7 (field number LC2016.8), male, collected by
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and
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on
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2
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June 2016
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near
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,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B82AC98FFE8FFC69994ED10FCA2676C" box="[470,784,1879,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Phang So Lin Commune</collectingMunicipality>
,
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,
<collectingRegion id="499DF800FFE8FFC69C43ED10FB59676C" box="[1025,1259,1879,1904]" country="Vietnam" name="Lai Chau" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Lai Chau Province</collectingRegion>
(22
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22.180N
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, 103
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14.485E
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), at an elevation of
<elevation id="0074D1D1FFE8FFC69A52ED38FC9A678B" box="[528,808,1918,1943]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3169999999999997" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" unit="m" value="1317.0">
<quantity id="4CA19B07FFE8FFC69A52ED38FDDE678A" box="[528,620,1919,1943]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3169999999999997" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" unit="m" value="1317.0">1,317 m</quantity>
above sea level
</elevation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3436569FFE8FFC79885EDE5FE526194" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="272" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE636E2FFE8FFC79885EDE5FE526194" blockId="2.[151,1437,1837,2015]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="272" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFE8FFC69885EDE5FEF367A7" bold="true" box="[199,321,1954,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C594D61FFE8FFC69A11EDE4FD5A67A7" authorityName="Teynié, David, Lottier, Le, Vidal &amp; Nguyen" authorityYear="2015" box="[595,744,1955,1979]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenodermatidae" genus="Parafimbrios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFE8FFC69A11EDE4FD5A67A7" box="[595,744,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Parafimbrios</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, characterized by a combination of the following characters: 1) rostral laterally with two raised, curved edges; the upper one, together with a horizontal curved ridge of tissue, separate the rostral from the internasals; 2) nasal in contact zone with rostral with curved raised edge; 3) nasal in contact zone with supralabials each with two small oblique, curved raised edges located above first and second as well as above second and third supralabials; 4) suture between the internasals much longer than that between the prefrontals; 5) supralabials 8, with the first four bearing raised edges; 6) infralabials 7; mental and anterior three to four infralabials with raised edges; 7) temporals 4+45; 8) 353329 dorsal scale rows; 9) laterally rounded ventrals 164; 10) unpaired subcaudals 49; 11) total length of at least
<quantity id="4CA19B07FFE9FFC79BD6EB0BFC436178" box="[916,1009,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="266.0">266 mm</quantity>
in males (with a tail length of
<quantity id="4CA19B07FFE9FFC79D05EB0BFA2A6178" box="[1351,1432,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
, and a TaL/TL ratio of 0.165).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3436569FFE9FFC09885EBD4FC9962B4" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE636E2FFE9FFC79885EBD4FBFE6204" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">
<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFE9FFC79885EBD4FE5561B0" bold="true" box="[199,487,403,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">
Description of
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.
</emphasis>
Total length
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(snout-vent length
<quantity id="4CA19B07FFE9FFC79BF8EBD3FBA861B0" box="[954,1050,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2199999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="222.0">222 mm</quantity>
, tail length
<quantity id="4CA19B07FFE9FFC79CE3EBD3FB4761B0" box="[1185,1269,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
); TaL/TL ratio 0.165; body slender, cylindrical; head length
<quantity id="4CA19B07FFE9FFC79AE8EBFFFCB661D3" box="[682,772,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="7.2">7.2 mm</quantity>
(from tip of snout to hind margin of parietal); head not distinct from neck, dorsally covered with large shields; eye small, with vertically sub-elliptic pupil; right maxilla with ca. 27 small, curved, subequal teeth, progressively slightly enlarged posteriorly.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF26666AFFE9FFC798D5EFA8FF546638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" startId="3.[151,250,1519,1541]" targetBox="[151,1437,589,1497]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BE636E2FFE9FFC798D5EFA8FF546638" blockId="3.[151,1436,1519,1572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">
<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFE9FFC798D5EFA8FEA66618" bold="true" box="[151,276,1519,1541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Head views of the holotype of
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<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFE9FFC79A1FEFA8FCDD6619" box="[605,879,1519,1541]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">Parafimbrios vietnamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFE9FFC79B34EFA8FC7A6618" bold="true" box="[886,968,1519,1540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578BFFE9FFC79B34EFA8FC7A6618" box="[886,968,1519,1540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(IEBR A.2018.7) in preserved state. Phot. T. Ziegler.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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Rostral triangular, not visible from above; the sides of the rostral each with two raised, curved edges; the upper one, together with a horizontal curved ridge of tissue at the outermost front of the internasals separate the rostral from the internasals; suture between the internasals (
<quantity id="4CA19B07FFE9FFC79AB2ECFAFCF866C9" box="[752,842,1725,1749]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
) much longer than that between the prefrontals (
<quantity id="4CA19B07FFE9FFC79D3AECFAFF7566E5" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
); nostril in the anterior part of a large, concave nasal; nasal in contact zone with rostral with curved raised edge, extending from horizontal, curved ridge of tissue in front of each internasal to first supralabial; nasal in contact zone with supralabials each with two small oblique, curved raised edges located above first and second as well as above second and third supralabials; frontal slightly broader than long, rounded at both sides in front, much shorter than the parietals, from anterior tip subdivided in middle for most part (3/4) of its length; loreal large, heptagonal, extending from the nasal to the eye; one small preocular, at the upper front of eye; one supraocular, wider than high; two postoculars on both sides, the upper one hexagonal, being much larger, the lower one elongated, reaching somewhat below the eye; on the right side a very small third postocular, discernible, reaching somewhat above the eye; one large pentagonal to hexagonal subocular; four anterior and four (left) to five (right) posterior temporals each; eight supralabials, the first five very small, with the first four bearing raised edges, the last one much elongated; sixth and seventh supralabials in contact with the subocular; one mental, followed by seven infralabials; mental and anterior three to four infralabials with their raised edges; first pair of infralabials in contact with each other; first five infralabials in contact with the single pair of enlarged chin shields; chin shields covering nearly the whole of the chin in front, in contact with the first ventral; no posterior chin-shields.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E2FFEEFFC09885EB28FE736204" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Dorsal scales small, cycloid, keeled from region behind the neck onwards; 33 scale rows at midbody, every second of the outermost row distinctly enlarged; ca. 35 scales round the anterior part of the body, and 29 dorsal scale rows at posterior body; correspondence of two dorsal scale rows per ventral plate throughout the body; distinct, laterally rounded ventrals 164; single subcaudals 49, without tail tip; cloacal entire; tail moderate. The left hemipenis basally everted.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E2FFEEFFC09885E864FC9962B4" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFEEFFC09885E864FD2C6220" bold="true" box="[199,670,547,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
Coloration of
<typeStatus id="54E28840FFEEFFC09933E863FE6A6220" box="[369,472,548,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in preservation.
</emphasis>
The ethanol-preserved
<typeStatus id="54E28840FFEEFFC09BEFE863FBBD6221" box="[941,1039,548,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
brownish-black above, with broad yellow neck band widening towards the venter and stretching to the chin region; dorsal head surface in part reddish-brown, in particular in the middle of parietals and frontal; venter greyish-brown, lighter anteriorly, darker towards tail region; ventrals anteriorly and laterally darker.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3436569FFEEFFC09885E8F3FD4362EC" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE636E2FFEEFFC09885E8F3FD4362EC" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFEEFFC09885E8F3FEFC62D0" bold="true" box="[199,334,692,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Etymology.</emphasis>
Analogous to the naming of the recent
<taxonomicName id="4C594D61FFEEFFC09B58E8F3FC1D62D0" authorityName="Teynié, David, Lottier, Le, Vidal &amp; Nguyen" authorityYear="2015" box="[794,943,692,716]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenodermatidae" genus="Parafimbrios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFEEFFC09B58E8F3FC1D62D0" box="[794,943,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Parafimbrios</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
discovery from
<collectingCountry id="F34E7672FFEEFFC09C2FE8F2FB1162D0" box="[1133,1187,693,716]" name="Laos" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Laos</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C594D61FFEEFFC09CF4E8F2FB4662D0" box="[1206,1268,692,716]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenodermatidae" genus="Parafimbrios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lao">
<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFEEFFC09CF4E8F2FB4662D0" box="[1206,1268,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">P. lao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) we name the new species from
<collectingCountry id="F34E7672FFEEFFC09920E890FE7362EC" box="[354,449,727,752]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
after the country of origin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3436569FFEEFFC09885E8BCFDE263D7" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE636E2FFEEFFC09885E8BCFE7B6324" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFEEFFC09885E8BCFED26308" bold="true" box="[199,352,763,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C594D61FFEEFFC0992AE8BBFD246308" authority="Ziegler &amp; Ngo &amp; Pham &amp; Nguyen &amp; Le &amp; Nguyen, 2018" authorityName="Ziegler &amp; Ngo &amp; Pham &amp; Nguyen &amp; Le &amp; Nguyen" authorityYear="2018" box="[360,662,764,788]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenodermatidae" genus="Parafimbrios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vietnamensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFEEFFC0992AE8BBFD246308" box="[360,662,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Parafimbrios vietnamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFEEFFC09ADCE8BBFD4B6308" bold="true" box="[670,761,764,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578BFFEEFFC09ADCE8BBFD4B6308" box="[670,761,764,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
currently is only known from the
<typeStatus id="54E28840FFEEFFC09CC2E8BAFB026309" box="[1152,1200,765,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">type</typeStatus>
locality in
<collectingRegion id="499DF800FFEEFFC09D71E8BBFF4C6324" country="Vietnam" name="Lai Chau" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Lai Chau Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34E7672FFEEFFC0994AE958FED56324" box="[264,359,799,824]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13622A67FFEEFFC09935E958FE0E6324" box="[375,444,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1535,1557]" captionTargetBox="[372,1214,188,1499]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[372,1214,188,1499]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map showing the type locality of Parafimbrios vietnamensis sp. nov. in Lai Chau Province, northwestern Vietnam (star) together with known records for P. lao (dots; after Teynié et al. 2015, Nguyen et al. 2015)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612177/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E2FFEEFFC09885E903FDE263D7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFEEFFC09885E903FE3B6340" bold="true" box="[199,393,835,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Natural history.</emphasis>
The male
<typeStatus id="54E28840FFEEFFC09A49E903FDDF6341" box="[523,621,836,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C594D61FFEEFFC09AD8E903FC796340" authority="Ziegler &amp; Ngo &amp; Pham &amp; Nguyen &amp; Le &amp; Nguyen, 2018" authorityName="Ziegler &amp; Ngo &amp; Pham &amp; Nguyen &amp; Le &amp; Nguyen" authorityYear="2018" box="[666,971,836,860]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenodermatidae" genus="Parafimbrios" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vietnamensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFEEFFC09AD8E903FC796340" box="[666,971,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Parafimbrios vietnamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEAF0FFEEFFC09B94E903FB816340" bold="true" box="[982,1075,836,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578BFFEEFFC09B94E903FB816340" box="[982,1075,836,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was discovered at 21:00 at an elevation of
<quantity id="4CA19B07FFEEFFC09967E92FFE306363" box="[293,386,872,896]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3169999999999997" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" unit="m" value="1317.0">1,317 m</quantity>
a.s.l. in a forest valley. It was drizzling at the time of capture with the air temperature at the site being 24
<superScript id="7C2C9BAAFFEEFFC09968E9CCFE826385" attach="right" box="[298,304,907,921]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">°</superScript>
C and the relative humidity 85%. The surrounding habitat was disturbed limestone karst forest and fragmented with hill agricultural fields.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>