1252 lines
134 KiB
XML
1252 lines
134 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C542F616B054C2506825B7D06FED2D0C">New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03D92A2C4763FFCAFF5186B85AA1A015" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6143171" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127669486" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6143171" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D92A2C4763FFCAFF5186B85AA1A015" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D92A2C4763FFCAFF5186B85AA1A015" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="C36AC8B14763FFD3FF5186B85B58A49C" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4763FFD3FF5186B85B01A4FD" blockId="11.[151,599,655,715]" box="[151,526,655,682]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94763FFD3FF5186B85B01A4FD" ID-CoL="6KY5H" authority="Allman, 1888" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,526,655,682]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexile">
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<emphasis id="B90447284763FFD3FF5186B85B01A4FD" bold="true" box="[151,526,655,682]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B90447284763FFD3FF5186B8586FA4FE" bold="true" box="[151,352,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Halecium flexile</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4763FFD3FEA186A75B01A4FD" author="Allman" box="[359,526,656,682]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Allman, G. J. (1888) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. - The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae and Thalamophora. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the year 1873 - 76, Zoology, 23 (70), 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1888">
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Allman,
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<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FE1586A75B01A4FD" box="[467,526,656,682]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1888.0">1888</number>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4763FFD3FF5186855B58A49C" blockId="11.[151,599,655,715]" box="[151,599,690,715]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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(Plate
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<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FF19868459E1A49C" box="[223,238,691,715]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2.0">2</number>
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A;
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<figureCitation id="134B87BF4763FFD3FED686855882A49D" box="[272,397,690,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,200,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1713]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B: Halecium flexile Allman, 1888 — portion of stem (A) compared with H. balei Fraser, 1911 (C); detail of hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (B), and comparison with H. balei (D). E, F: Halecium humeriformis sp. nov. — stem fragments (E); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (F). G, H: Halecium maximum sp. nov. — stem fragments (G); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (H). I ‒ L: Halecium modestum sp. nov. — stem fragments (I ‒ K); hydrophore with hydrotheca (L). M, N: Halecium platythecum sp. nov. — stem fragment (M); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (N). Scale bars: 300 µm (B, D, F, H, L, N) and 1 mm (A, C, E, G, I ‒ K, M)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286958/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Figs
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||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FE818684585AA49C" box="[327,341,691,715]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2.0">2</number>
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A, B
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</figureCitation>
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;
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<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FE5F868458A9A49C" box="[409,422,691,715]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="3.0">3</number>
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A;
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<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FE0C868458D6A49C" box="[458,473,691,715]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="4.0">4</number>
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A;
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<tableCitation id="C6F2AE814763FFD3FE3D86855B40A49C" box="[507,591,690,715]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[119,198,625,645]" captionTargetBox="[123,1651,795,1735]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphometrics of Halecium species discussed in the present study; dimensions in µm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0FCBB24778FFC8FFB186465D02A4D2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF0FCBB24778FFC8FFB186465D02A4D2">
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Table
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<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FD8686845B40A49C" box="[576,591,691,715]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="4.0">4</number>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36AC8B14763FFD3FF5186CD5A92A53B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94763FFD3FF5186CD58F9A547" ID-CoL="6KY5H" authority="Allman, 1888: 11" authorityName="Allman" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,502,762,784]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexile">
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<emphasis id="B90447284763FFD3FF5186CD5831A547" box="[151,318,762,784]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Halecium flexile</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD1BD2B4763FFD3FE8286CD58F9A547" author="Allman" box="[324,502,762,784]" page="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1888">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4763FFD3FE8286CD58DCA547" author="Allman" box="[324,467,762,784]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Allman, G. J. (1888) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. - The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae and Thalamophora. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the year 1873 - 76, Zoology, 23 (70), 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1888">
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Allman,
|
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<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FE5A86CD58DCA547" box="[412,467,762,784]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1888.0">1888</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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:
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FE1A86CD58F9A547" box="[476,502,762,784]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="11.0">11</number>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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, pl.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FDE486CD5B20A547" box="[546,559,762,784]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="5.0">5</number>
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<figureCitation id="134B87BF4763FFD3FDF286CD5B60A547" box="[564,623,762,784]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,200,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1713]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B: Halecium flexile Allman, 1888 — portion of stem (A) compared with H. balei Fraser, 1911 (C); detail of hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (B), and comparison with H. balei (D). E, F: Halecium humeriformis sp. nov. — stem fragments (E); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (F). G, H: Halecium maximum sp. nov. — stem fragments (G); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (H). I ‒ L: Halecium modestum sp. nov. — stem fragments (I ‒ K); hydrophore with hydrotheca (L). M, N: Halecium platythecum sp. nov. — stem fragment (M); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (N). Scale bars: 300 µm (B, D, F, H, L, N) and 1 mm (A, C, E, G, I ‒ K, M)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286958/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FDA586CD5B60A547" box="[611,623,762,784]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2.0">2</number>
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</figureCitation>
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.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD1BD2B4763FFD3FD4886CD5A4FA547" author="Ralph" box="[654,832,762,784]" page="337" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1958">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4763FFD3FD4886CD5A00A547" author="Ralph" box="[654,783,762,784]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1958) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part II. Families Lafoeidae, Lineolariidae, Haleciidae and Syntheciidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 85 (2), 301 - 356." type="journal article" year="1958">
|
||
Ralph,
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FD1E86CD5A00A547" box="[728,783,762,784]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1958.0">1958</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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:
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<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FCDE86CD5A4FA547" box="[792,832,762,784]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="337.0">337</number>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, Fig.
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||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FCBF86CD5A9DA547" box="[889,914,762,784]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="12.0">12</number>
|
||
L–
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4763FFD3FC7786CD5ACBA547" box="[945,964,762,784]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94763FFD3FF51872E5873A578" box="[151,380,793,815]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284763FFD3FF51872E5873A578" box="[151,380,793,815]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Halecium delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD1BD2B4763FFD3FE51872E5B47A578" author="Millard" box="[407,584,793,815]" page="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1977">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4763FFD3FE51872E5B25A578" author="Millard" box="[407,554,793,815]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1977) Hydroids from the Kerguelen and Crozet shelves, collected by the cruise MD. 0 3 of the Marion- Dufresne. Annals of the South African Museum, 73 (1), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1977">
|
||
Millard,
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FE32872E5B25A578" box="[500,554,793,815]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1977.0">1977</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
|
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<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FDFC872D5B47A578" box="[570,584,794,815]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="7.0">7</number>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B87BF4763FFD3FD9F872E5B98A578" box="[601,663,793,815]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A, B" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,198,1707]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,195,1707]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, B: Hebella cf. scandens (Bale, 1888) — hydrotheca (A); gonotheca (B). C ‒ D: Hebella striata Allman, 1888 — hydrotheca (C); gonotheca (D). E, G, H: Phialella? falklandica Browne, 1902 — portion of erect stem (E) compared with that of P. quadrata (Forbes, 1848) (F); gonotheca seen laterally (G) and apically (H), compared with those of P. quadrata (I, stolonal; J, borne of stem). K, L: Silicularia? bilabiata (Coughtrey, 1876) — two hydrothecae (K); female gonotheca (L). M ‒ O: Silicularia rosea Meyen, 1834 — two hydrothecae (M) compared with specimens from Tristan da Cunha assigned to S. hemisphaerica (Allman, 1888) (P); female (N) and male (O) gonothecae, compared to homologous gonothecae (Q and R, respectively) from Tristan. S: Halecium corrugatissimum Trebilcock, 1828 — small stem with female gonotheca. Scale bars: 300 µm (A, B, E, F, S), 500 µm (C, D, G ‒ J), and 1 mm (K ‒ R)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286957/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Fig.
|
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<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FD4B872E5B98A578" box="[653,663,793,815]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1.0">1</number>
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</figureCitation>
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C, D.―Galea,
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<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FCFB872E5A7FA578" box="[829,880,793,815]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2007.0">2007</number>
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(
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||
<emphasis id="B90447284763FFD3FC42872D5AE8A578" box="[900,999,794,815]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">pro parte</emphasis>
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):
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<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FBC5872E5D10A578" box="[1027,1055,793,815]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="54.0">54</number>
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, Fig.
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<date id="FFCEBDFA4763FFD3FBA5872E5D88A578" box="[1123,1159,793,815]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2012-01">
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<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FBA5872E5D71A578" box="[1123,1150,793,815]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="12.0">12</number>
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I
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||
</date>
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, J (not Fig.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FAD0872E5C21A578" box="[1302,1326,793,815]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="12.0">12</number>
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F–H =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94763FFD3FA45872D584CA519" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="platythecum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284763FFD3FA45872D584CA519" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. platythecum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA534763FFD3FE8F870E5894A519" box="[329,411,825,846]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4763FFD3FF5187605A92A53B" blockId="11.[151,1437,762,876]" box="[151,925,854,876]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB60BC144763FFD3FF5187605A92A53B" box="[151,925,854,876]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94763FFD3FF7B87615B81A53B" ID-CoL="3JB3P" authority="Coughtrey, 1876a: 299" authorityName="Coughtrey" authorityPageNumber="299" authorityYear="1876" box="[189,654,854,876]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284763FFD3FF7B87615891A53B" box="[189,414,854,876]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Halecium delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD1BD2B4763FFD3FE6287615B81A53B" author="Coughtrey" box="[420,654,854,876]" page="299" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1876">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4763FFD3FE6287615B53A53B" author="Coughtrey" box="[420,604,854,876]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Coughtrey, M. (1876 a) Critical notes on the New Zealand Hydroida. Transactions and Proceeding of the New Zealand Institute, 8, 298 - 302." type="journal article" year="1876" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Coughtrey,
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FDDC87615B5FA53B" box="[538,592,854,876]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1876.0">1876</number>
|
||
a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FDA387615B81A53B" box="[613,654,854,876]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="299.0">299</number>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FD5E87615BC1A53B" box="[664,718,854,876]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1876.0">1876</number>
|
||
b:
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FD2387615A0EA53B" box="[741,769,854,876]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="26.0">26</number>
|
||
, pl.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FCED87615A38A53B" box="[811,823,854,876]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B87BF4763FFD3FCF887615A71A53B" box="[830,894,854,876]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A ‒ F, M" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,248,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,243,1755]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 4. A ‒ F, M: Cnidomes of some Halecium species discussed herein— H. flexile Allman, 1888 (A); H. balei (B); H. humeriformis sp. nov. (C); H. maximum sp. nov. (D); H. tristaniensis sp. nov. (E); H. modestum sp. nov. (F). G: Halecium pallens Jäderholm, 1904 — female gonotheca. H ‒ M: Halecium tehuelchum (d’Orbigny, 1842) — fragments of colonies (H), primary hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (I); female gonotheca (J) and shape variation (K); male gonothecae (L); cnidome (M). Scale bars: 10 µm (A ‒ F, M); 300 µm (I, J, L), 500 µm (G, K), 1 mm (H)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286959/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B87BF4763FFD3FC4C87615A96A53B" box="[906,921,854,876]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A ‒ E" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,197,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,194,1759]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 5. A ‒ E: Hydrodendron chilense sp. nov. — colonies and fragments (A); hydrotheca (B); nematothecae (C); male gonotheca (D); cnidome (E). F ‒ K: H. mirabile (Hincks, 1866) from the Mediterranean—colony (F); hydrothecae (G) and nematothecae (H); male (I) and female (J) gonothecae; cnidome (K). L ‒ P: H. mirabile from Martinique—four colonies (L); hydrothecae (M) and nematothecae (N); male gonotheca (O); cnidome (P). Q: Hydrodendron sp. from Guadeloupe—cnidome. Scale bars: 10 µm (E, K, P, Q), 200 µm (B, C, G, H, M, N), 300 µm (D, I, J, O), 500 µm (A, F, L)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286960/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B14763FFD3FF5187AE5D0FA34A" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4763FFD3FF5187AE5D0FA34A" blockId="11.[151,1437,921,1818]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284763FFD3FF5187AE5875A5E5" bold="true" box="[151,378,921,946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
. HF
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FE7687AD58B2A5E5" box="[432,445,922,946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4763FFD3FE0C87AE58FDA5E5" box="[458,498,921,946]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
Santi Bañez, lat. -
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FD0587AE5A3EA5E5" box="[707,817,921,946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="54.91725">54.91725</number>
|
||
, long. -
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FC4087AE5AFBA5E5" box="[902,1012,921,946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="68.36317">68.36317</number>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8836DF4763FFD3FBC687AE5D5EA5E6" box="[1024,1105,921,946]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="29.5">29.5 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCEBDFA4763FFD3FB9B87AE5DEFA5E5" box="[1117,1248,921,946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2010-12-16">
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FB9B87AE5D76A5E5" box="[1117,1145,921,946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="16.0">16</number>
|
||
.xii.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FB6787AE5DEFA5E5" box="[1185,1248,921,946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2010.0">2010</number>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, sample C
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FA9087AE5C8BA5E5" box="[1366,1412,921,946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="252.0">252</number>
|
||
: a
|
||
<quantity id="4C8836DF4763FFD3FF51878959D1A582" box="[151,222,958,982]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
|
||
high sterile colony (MHNG-INVE-
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FDB9878A5BC9A581" box="[639,710,957,982]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="86247.0">86247</number>
|
||
). HF
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FCC687895A02A581" box="[768,781,958,982]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
, NE of Channel Murray, lat. -
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FBA1878A5DDAA581" box="[1127,1237,957,982]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="54.95097">54.95097</number>
|
||
, long. -
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FAED878A5C97A581" box="[1323,1432,957,982]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="68.40114">68.40114</number>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCEBDFA4763FFD3FF5187D65816A5AD" box="[151,281,993,1018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2010-12-16">
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FF5187D659BCA5AD" box="[151,179,993,1018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="16.0">16</number>
|
||
.xii.2010
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 18 m, sample C
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FE2787D65B01A5AD" box="[481,526,993,1018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="257.0">257</number>
|
||
: two sterile colonies,
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FCCA87D55A15A5AD" box="[780,794,994,1018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8836DF4763FFD3FC9187D65ABBA5AE" box="[855,948,993,1018]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="cm" value="13.5">13.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, respectively (MHNG-INVE-
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FA8C87D65C9EA5AD" box="[1354,1425,993,1018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="86249.0">86249</number>
|
||
). HF
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FF79803159D7A249" box="[191,216,1030,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="11.0">11</number>
|
||
, SW of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4763FFD3FE8F8032587EA249" box="[329,369,1029,1054]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
Nalcayec, lat. -
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FDF180325BAAA249" box="[567,677,1029,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="46.10075">46.10075</number>
|
||
, long. -
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FCC080315A7BA249" box="[774,884,1030,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="73.8897">73.88970</number>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCEBDFA4763FFD3FC4080325AF0A249" box="[902,1023,1029,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2011-11-29">
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FC4080325AABA249" box="[902,932,1029,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="29.0">29</number>
|
||
.xi.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FC0580325AF0A249" box="[963,1023,1029,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2011.0">2011</number>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8836DF4763FFD3FBD480325D65A24A" box="[1042,1130,1029,1054]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="26.5">26.5 m</quantity>
|
||
, sample C
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FB2880315C14A249" box="[1262,1307,1030,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="317.0">317</number>
|
||
: numerous polysiphonic stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8836DF4763FFD3FE78801D58F9A216" box="[446,502,1066,1089]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
|
||
high on dead gorgonian, some bearing either male or female gonothecae (MHNG- INVE-
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FF20807A5821A231" box="[230,302,1101,1126]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="86248.0">86248</number>
|
||
). HF
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FEAB80795889A231" box="[365,390,1102,1126]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="11.0">11</number>
|
||
, Punta Garro, lat. -
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FDAA807A5BD5A231" box="[620,730,1101,1126]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="46.31517">46.31517</number>
|
||
, long. -
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FCF0807A5AABA231" box="[822,932,1101,1126]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="75.65203">75.65203</number>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCEBDFA4763FFD3FC75807A5D23A231" box="[947,1068,1101,1126]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2011-11-30">
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FC75807A5ADEA231" box="[947,977,1101,1126]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="30.0">30</number>
|
||
.xi.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FC36807A5D23A231" box="[1008,1068,1101,1126]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2011.0">2011</number>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8836DF4763FFD3FBFB80795D9EA232" box="[1085,1169,1102,1126]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="17.3">17.3 m</quantity>
|
||
, sample C
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FAD680795C32A231" box="[1296,1341,1102,1126]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="349.0">349</number>
|
||
: several polysiphonic stems, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8836DF4763FFD3FE0E80465B18A2DE" box="[456,535,1137,1162]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="cm" value="7.5">7.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, some bearing either male or female gonothecae (MHNG-INVE-
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FA8C80465C9EA2DD" box="[1354,1425,1137,1162]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="86250.0">86250</number>
|
||
). Punta Arenas, Faro San Isidro, lat. -
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FD9480A25BCFA2F9" box="[594,704,1173,1198]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="53.78174">53.78174</number>
|
||
, long. -
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FCE780A15A80A2F9" box="[801,911,1174,1198]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="70.97391">70.97391</number>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCEBDFA4763FFD3FC6780A25D1AA2F9" box="[929,1045,1173,1198]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2010-02-25">
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FC6780A25AB1A2F9" box="[929,958,1173,1198]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="25.0">25</number>
|
||
.ii.2010
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 10 m, sample PTA002: several polysiphonic stems and fragments, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8836DF4763FFD3FDA4808E5BA1A286" box="[610,686,1209,1234]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="cm" value="8.5">8.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, some bearing male gonothecae (MHNG-INVE-
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FAC8808E5C5AA285" box="[1294,1365,1209,1234]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="86252.0">86252</number>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4763FFD3FAA1808D59FBA2A1" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Wellington, Te Raekaihau, lat. -
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FDBB80EA5BD2A2A1" box="[637,733,1245,1270]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="41.3475">41.3475</number>
|
||
, long.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FCF480E95A91A2A1" box="[818,926,1246,1270]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="174.7897">174.7897</number>
|
||
,
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FC6980E95AE5A2A1" box="[943,1002,1246,1270]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1994.0">1994</number>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8836DF4763FFD3FC3C80E95D46A2A2" box="[1018,1097,1246,1270]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1.0" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.0">0–2 m</quantity>
|
||
, female colony of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94763FFD3FAE980EA58D2A34A" authority="Coughtrey, 1876" authorityName="Coughtrey" authorityYear="1876" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284763FFD3FAE980EA5814A34B" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Halecium delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
Coughtrey,
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FE63813358D2A34A" box="[421,477,1284,1309]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1876.0">1876</number>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mounted on microslide
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FD2381375BE2A359" box="[741,749,1280,1294]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
(MHNG-INVE-
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FC6B81335AFAA34A" box="[941,1013,1284,1309]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="26669.0">26669</number>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B14763FFD4FF01811F5BE6A08A" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4763FFD3FF01811F5A35A14D" blockId="11.[151,1437,921,1818]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284763FFD3FF01811F585EA316" bold="true" box="[199,337,1320,1345]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Colonies arising from creeping, tortuous, branched, anastomosing stolonal fibers grouped together so as to form a fascicled hydrorhiza. Young stems monosiphonic, mostly found at the periphery of colonies, being rapidly invested by additional tubes, thus giving rise to large, branched, polysiphonic colonies (Pl.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FF5181A359A9A3FB" box="[151,166,1428,1452]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
A). Stems divided into internodes by oblique nodes slanting in opposite directions. Internodes almost collinear (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B87BF4763FFD3FF59818F59F6A387" box="[159,249,1464,1489]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,200,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1713]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B: Halecium flexile Allman, 1888 — portion of stem (A) compared with H. balei Fraser, 1911 (C); detail of hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (B), and comparison with H. balei (D). E, F: Halecium humeriformis sp. nov. — stem fragments (E); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (F). G, H: Halecium maximum sp. nov. — stem fragments (G); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (H). I ‒ L: Halecium modestum sp. nov. — stem fragments (I ‒ K); hydrophore with hydrotheca (L). M, N: Halecium platythecum sp. nov. — stem fragment (M); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (N). Scale bars: 300 µm (B, D, F, H, L, N) and 1 mm (A, C, E, G, I ‒ K, M)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286958/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FF15818F59EDA387" box="[211,226,1464,1488]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
A
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), even in the youngest stems, moderately long, with
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FC87818F5A64A387" box="[833,875,1464,1488]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3</number>
|
||
basal annuli and a distal bulge; each giving rise to a well-developed latero-distal hydrophore, reaching the level of the distal node; a pseudodiaphragm on adaxial side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B87BF4763FFD3FF59823759F5A04F" box="[159,250,1536,1561]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,200,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1713]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B: Halecium flexile Allman, 1888 — portion of stem (A) compared with H. balei Fraser, 1911 (C); detail of hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (B), and comparison with H. balei (D). E, F: Halecium humeriformis sp. nov. — stem fragments (E); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (F). G, H: Halecium maximum sp. nov. — stem fragments (G); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (H). I ‒ L: Halecium modestum sp. nov. — stem fragments (I ‒ K); hydrophore with hydrotheca (L). M, N: Halecium platythecum sp. nov. — stem fragment (M); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (N). Scale bars: 300 µm (B, D, F, H, L, N) and 1 mm (A, C, E, G, I ‒ K, M)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286958/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FF10823759E9A04F" box="[214,230,1536,1560]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
B
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Side branches arise singly from below the primary hydrophores; alternate, generally given off in the same plane or slightly displaced towards the front and/or rear side of the stem, giving the colony an almost planar appearance. Up to third-order branches in a well-developed colony. Hydrothecae borne on corresponding hydrophores, generally renovated up to four times; rather deep, margin strongly everted. Gonothecae given off from the primary hydrophores.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4763FFD3FE3982A75B37A0FE" box="[511,568,1680,1705]" name="Malta" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Male</collectingCountry>
|
||
ovoid, tapering in the lower third into indistinct pedicel, laterally flattened, with no evident aperture (Fig.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FE36828058F3A098" box="[496,508,1719,1743]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
A
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FDD482845B15A096" box="[530,538,1715,1729]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
). Female pyriform and greatly swollen, tapering basally into indistinct pedicel; distally, a centrally-placed, rounded aperture (Fig.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FD0A82E95BD7A0A1" box="[716,728,1758,1782]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
A
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FD2882ED5A0AA0BF" box="[750,773,1754,1768]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3</number>
|
||
). Cnidome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B87BF4763FFD3FC5482EA5AE3A0A1" box="[914,1004,1757,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A ‒ F, M" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,248,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,243,1755]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 4. A ‒ F, M: Cnidomes of some Halecium species discussed herein— H. flexile Allman, 1888 (A); H. balei (B); H. humeriformis sp. nov. (C); H. maximum sp. nov. (D); H. tristaniensis sp. nov. (E); H. modestum sp. nov. (F). G: Halecium pallens Jäderholm, 1904 — female gonotheca. H ‒ M: Halecium tehuelchum (d’Orbigny, 1842) — fragments of colonies (H), primary hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (I); female gonotheca (J) and shape variation (K); male gonothecae (L); cnidome (M). Scale bars: 10 µm (A ‒ F, M); 300 µm (I, J, L), 500 µm (G, K), 1 mm (H)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286959/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FC0082E95AD9A0A1" box="[966,982,1758,1782]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
A
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
): microbasic heteronemes [(
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FAE282EA5C71A0A1" box="[1316,1406,1757,1782]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="5.300000000000001" valueMax="5.4" valueMin="5.2">5.2–5.4</number>
|
||
) ×
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FF51833659B5A14D" box="[151,186,1793,1818]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2.6">2.6</number>
|
||
µm] and microbasic mastigophores [(
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4763FFD3FDA783365BB4A14D" box="[609,699,1793,1818]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="6.75" valueMax="6.9" valueMin="6.6">6.6–6.9</number>
|
||
) × 2.0 µm]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<footnote id="E86B87344763FFD3FF5183AA5B57A1A6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4763FFD3FF5183AA5B57A1A6" blockId="11.[151,1437,1949,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">6. Since no additional material preserved in liquid is available, the cnidome composition of this species could not be checked. In addition, based on literature data, it looks like no other museum samples corresponding to this nominal species are available elsewhere for re-examination.</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4764FFD4FF5182BE5BE6A08A" blockId="12.[151,1437,1673,1757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284764FFD4FF5182BE59F3A0C8" bold="true" box="[151,252,1673,1695]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6103FF4764FFD4FF5182BE59E5A0C8" box="[151,234,1673,1695]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">PLATE</collectionCode>
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4764FFD4FF2982BE59F3A0C8" box="[239,252,1673,1695]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Preserved colony of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94764FFD4FE1182BE5A01A0C8" authority="Allman, 1888" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[471,782,1673,1695]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284764FFD4FE1182BE5B72A0C8" box="[471,637,1673,1695]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Halecium flexile</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4764FFD4FD4582BE5A01A0C8" author="Allman" box="[643,782,1673,1695]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Allman, G. J. (1888) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. - The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae and Thalamophora. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the year 1873 - 76, Zoology, 23 (70), 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1888">
|
||
Allman,
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4764FFD4FD1D82BE5A01A0C8" box="[731,782,1673,1695]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1888.0">1888</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with numerous stems growing on axis of dead gorgonian (A),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94764FFD4FA4582BD59F5A0E9" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maximum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284764FFD4FA4582BD59F5A0E9" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. maximum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA534764FFD4FEC7829E585EA0E9" box="[257,337,1705,1726]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(B),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94764FFD4FE40829E5B02A0E9" box="[390,525,1704,1726]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="modestum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284764FFD4FE40829E5B02A0E9" box="[390,525,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. modestum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA534764FFD4FDD2829E5B6BA0E9" box="[532,612,1705,1726]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(C),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94764FFD4FD5C829E5A39A0E9" box="[666,822,1704,1726]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="platythecum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284764FFD4FD5C829E5A39A0E9" box="[666,822,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. platythecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA534764FFD4FCF8829E5A82A0E9" box="[830,909,1705,1726]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(D), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94764FFD4FC37829E5C49A0E9" authority="d'Orbigny, 1842" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1842" box="[1009,1350,1704,1726]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tehuelchum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284764FFD4FC37829E5D8AA0E9" box="[1009,1157,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. tehuelchum</emphasis>
|
||
(d’Orbigny,
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4764FFD4FACD829F5C30A0E9" box="[1291,1343,1704,1726]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1842.0">1842</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(E). All photos by H.R.G. Scale bars:
|
||
<quantity id="4C8836DF4764FFD4FE0782F058FDA08A" box="[449,498,1735,1757]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
(A–C) and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8836DF4764FFD4FDAD82F05B92A08A" box="[619,669,1735,1757]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
(D, E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B14764FFD6FF01833E5B09A3DB" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4764FFD4FF01833E5BDCA181" blockId="12.[151,1437,1801,2006]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284764FFD4FF01833E583BA175" bold="true" box="[199,308,1801,1826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The material on which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4764FFD4FDA4833E5A01A175" author="Allman" box="[610,782,1801,1826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Allman, G. J. (1888) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. - The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae and Thalamophora. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the year 1873 - 76, Zoology, 23 (70), 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1888">
|
||
Allman (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4764FFD4FD0D833D5A0AA175" box="[715,773,1802,1826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1888.0">1888</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
established his species was gathered from two remote localities,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284764FFD4FEC983195821A112" box="[271,302,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">viz</emphasis>
|
||
. Marion
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4764FFD4FE66831A58EBA111" box="[416,484,1837,1862]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Tierra del Fuego.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4764FFD4FD3D83195AF7A111" author="Totton" box="[763,1016,1837,1862]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Totton, A. K. (1930) Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (" Terra Nova ") Expedition, 1910. Zoology, 5 (5), 131 - 252." type="journal article" year="1930" yearSuffix="p">
|
||
Totton (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4764FFD4FC9E83195A9BA111" box="[856,916,1838,1862]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1930.0">1930</number>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4764FFD4FC03831A5AFFA111" box="[965,1008,1837,1862]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="145.0">145</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
selected as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB25984764FFD4FB7B831A5C10A111" box="[1213,1311,1837,1862]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
the fertile specimen originating from the former locality. According to him, the Patagonian material “is similar to it but the hydranths are larger and the distal part of the hydrophore is deeper, measuring
|
||
<quantity id="4C8836DF4764FFD4FBC683425D7EA1DA" box="[1024,1137,1909,1934]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.075">0.075 mm</quantity>
|
||
compared with
|
||
<quantity id="4C8836DF4764FFD4FAE583425C97A1DA" box="[1315,1432,1909,1934]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.050 mm</quantity>
|
||
; and it lacks gonothecae”. This statement, of poor informative value, casts some doubt on the identity of both specimens, instead of clarifying their relationships.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4765FFD5FF0184A05D28A71E" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1601]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Though rather concise, the account by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FD4484A05A26A6E7" author="Millard" box="[642,809,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1977) Hydroids from the Kerguelen and Crozet shelves, collected by the cruise MD. 0 3 of the Marion- Dufresne. Annals of the South African Museum, 73 (1), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1977">
|
||
Millard (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FD2084AF5A2EA6E7" box="[742,801,152,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1977.0">1977</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provides interesting insights into the knowledge of the present species. Her material from Crozet
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FD56848A5B97A69C" box="[656,664,189,203]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
, assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FC8784F65DCCA68E" authority="Coughtrey, 1876" authorityName="Coughtrey" authorityYear="1876" box="[833,1219,192,217]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FC8784F65AE0A68F" box="[833,1007,192,216]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
Coughtrey,
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FB4E84F75DCCA68E" box="[1160,1219,192,217]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1876.0">1876</number>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, possesses female gonothecae that are indistinguishable morphologically from those occurring in the Chilean samples, and contain a similar number of large oocytes. In addition, its occurrence on gorgonians (a common substrate for the Chilean specimens) suggests that our material most probably belongs to the same species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4765FFD5FF0185625D47A41A" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1601]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Taken together, the accounts by Allman and Millard, the illustrations of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB25984765FFD5FBDF85615D46A739" box="[1049,1097,342,366]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FB10856259FDA7C4" author="Ralph" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1958) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part II. Families Lafoeidae, Lineolariidae, Haleciidae and Syntheciidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 85 (2), 301 - 356." type="journal article" year="1958">
|
||
Ralph (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FAEF85625C6BA739" box="[1321,1380,341,366]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1958.0">1958</number>
|
||
, Fig.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FF51854C59BCA7C4" box="[151,179,379,403]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="12.0">12</number>
|
||
L–
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4765FFD5FF13854C59E5A7C4" box="[213,234,379,403]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as well as the present observations, allow us to provide the following diagnosis for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FB02854C5C22A7C4" box="[1220,1325,379,403]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FB02854C5C22A7C4" box="[1220,1325,379,403]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. flexile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: colonies with polysiphonic stems, pinnately branched in almost one plane, composed of moderately long, collinear internodes, each bearing a well-developed hydrophore provided with an adaxial pseudodiaphragm and topped by a hydrotheca with everted rim; female gonotheca pyriform, conspicuously swollen distally, male ovoid and flattened laterally. According to that, it will be shown below that the colonies with monosiphonic stems examined earlier by Galea (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FF218601582CA419" box="[231,291,566,590]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FE8B860158FCA41A" box="[333,499,565,589]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FE8B860158FCA41A" box="[333,499,565,589]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) belong to a distinct species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FCF986015AE5A41A" box="[831,1002,565,589]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="platythecum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FCF986015AE5A41A" box="[831,1002,565,589]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. platythecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA534765FFD5FC3786015D47A41A" box="[1009,1096,566,589]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4765FFD5FF01866D5B80A579" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1601]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
The taxonomic position of several closely-related species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FCB6866C5AD2A424" box="[880,989,603,627]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FCB6866C5AD2A424" box="[880,989,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Halecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the southern hemisphere has been a complex matter of debate for a long time, and the opinions of the taxonomists that have examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB25984765FFD5FAED86B65C54A4CE" box="[1323,1371,641,665]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FA4786B659D3A4EA" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FA4786B659D3A4EA" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. flexile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contrast radically. On one hand,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FD9186925BF7A4E9" author="Billard" box="[599,760,677,702]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Billard, A. (1910) Revision d'une partie de la collection des hydroides du British Museum. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Series 9, 11, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1910">
|
||
Billard (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FD7086915BFFA4E9" box="[694,752,678,702]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1910.0">1910</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reached the conclusion that the nominal species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FAEF8691581CA4B4" authority="Bale, 1888" authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1888" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FAEF86915C94A4EA" box="[1321,1435,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. gracile</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FF5186FD581CA4B4" author="Bale" box="[151,275,714,739]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Bale, W. M. (1888) On some new and rare Hydroida in the Australian Museum collection. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 2 (3), 745 - 799." type="journal article" year="1888">
|
||
Bale,
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FF1D86FC581CA4B4" box="[219,275,715,739]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1888.0">1888</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not more than a synonym of it, with the former having priority. On the other hand,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FB3986FC5C93A4B4" author="Totton" box="[1279,1436,715,739]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Totton, A. K. (1930) Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (" Terra Nova ") Expedition, 1910. Zoology, 5 (5), 131 - 252." type="journal article" year="1930">
|
||
Totton (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FA9C86FC5C9BA4B4" box="[1370,1428,715,739]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1930.0">1930</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
rejected their synonymy, arguing that “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FDB586C65BE3A55F" box="[627,748,752,776]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FDB586C65BE3A55F" box="[627,748,752,776]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is of smaller proportions, and the male gonothecae are considerably smaller and of different shape”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4765FFD5FF01870D5BF2A5BE" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1601]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Meanwhile,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FE93870D5B3CA504" author="Bale" box="[341,563,826,851]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Bale, W. M. (1915) Report on the Hydroida collected in the Great Australian Bight and other localities. Part III. Fisheries. Zoological (and Biological) Results of the Fishing Experiments carried out by F. I. S. " Endeavour ", 1909 - 1910, 3 (5), 241 - 336." type="journal article" year="1915" yearSuffix="p">
|
||
Bale (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FE5F870D58DBA504" box="[409,468,826,851]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1915.0">1915</number>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FE39870D5B25A504" box="[511,554,826,851]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="246.0">246</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
followed Billard and included in the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FBB9870C5DE7A504" box="[1151,1256,827,851]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FBB9870C5DE7A504" box="[1151,1256,827,851]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. flexile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
not only his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FA47870C59E9A52F" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FA47870C59E9A52F" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but also his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FE4087565BAFA52F" authority="Bale, 1888" authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1888" box="[390,672,864,889]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parvulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FE4087565B19A52F" box="[390,534,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. parvulum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FDE687575BAFA52F" author="Bale" box="[544,672,864,889]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Bale, W. M. (1888) On some new and rare Hydroida in the Australian Museum collection. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 2 (3), 745 - 799." type="journal article" year="1888">
|
||
Bale,
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FDA387575BAFA52F" box="[613,672,864,888]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1888.0">1888</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the latter being considered as the full growth form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FAE687565C9BA52F" box="[1312,1428,864,888]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FAE687565C9BA52F" box="[1312,1428,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Ultimately, other authors [
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FE1187B158F0A5CA" box="[471,511,902,925]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FDC987B25BA1A5C9" author="Ralph" box="[527,686,901,926]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1958) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part II. Families Lafoeidae, Lineolariidae, Haleciidae and Syntheciidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 85 (2), 301 - 356." type="journal article" year="1958">
|
||
Ralph (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FDAF87B25BAAA5C9" box="[617,677,901,926]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1958.0">1958</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FD0487B25A7DA5C9" author="Millard" box="[706,882,901,926]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">
|
||
Millard (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FCE887B25A65A5C9" box="[814,874,901,926]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1975.0">1975</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FC4087B15D22A5C9" author="Watson" box="[902,1069,902,926]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Watson, J. E. (1997) The hydroid fauna of the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. In: Wells, F. E. (Ed.), The Marine Flora and Fauna of the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, pp. 503 - 546." type="book chapter" year="1997">Watson (1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FB8787B15D88A5C9" author="Watson" box="[1089,1159,902,926]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Watson, J. E. (2003 a) Deep-water hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Macquarie Island. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 60 (2), 151 - 180." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">2003a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FB5A87B15DD7A5C9" author="Watson" box="[1180,1240,902,926]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Watson, J. E. (2008) Hydroids of the BANZARE expeditions, 1929 - 1931: the family Haleciidae (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from the Australian Antarctic Territory. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 65, 165 - 178." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FB5A87B15DD7A5C9" box="[1180,1240,902,926]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2008.0">2008</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)] broadened the synonymy of this species group, in considering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FD17879C5A72A594" box="[721,893,939,963]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FD17879C5A72A594" box="[721,893,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the oldest available name, and sunk in its synonymy the three nominal species mentioned above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4765FFD5FF0187C25D5DA265" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1601]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Following examination of various samples from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4765FFD5FD2C87C25A25A259" box="[746,810,1013,1038]" name="Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4765FFD5FCF387C15AC1A259" box="[821,974,1013,1038]" name="New Zealand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4765FFD5FBB787C25DD4A259" box="[1137,1243,1013,1038]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it becomes clear that several morphologically similar species were lumped together as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FC62802C5D45A264" box="[932,1098,1051,1075]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FC62802C5D45A264" box="[932,1098,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4765FFD5FF0180775C94A016" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1601]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
First of all, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FE2880775B88A20E" author="Ralph" box="[494,647,1088,1113]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1958) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part II. Families Lafoeidae, Lineolariidae, Haleciidae and Syntheciidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 85 (2), 301 - 356." type="journal article" year="1958">
|
||
Ralph (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FD8280775B71A20E" box="[580,638,1088,1113]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1958.0">1958</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the observations made by one of us (H.R.G.) on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4765FFD5FAC480765C93A20E" box="[1282,1436,1088,1113]" name="New Zealand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
material (sample MHNG-INVE-
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FDCF80525B5FA229" box="[521,592,1125,1150]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="26669.0">26669</number>
|
||
), the following diagnosis for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FC5C80515D4EA22A" box="[922,1089,1125,1149]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FC5C80515D4EA22A" box="[922,1089,1125,1149]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FB7480525C93A229" author="Ralph" box="[1202,1436,1125,1150]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1958) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part II. Families Lafoeidae, Lineolariidae, Haleciidae and Syntheciidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 85 (2), 301 - 356." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="p">
|
||
Ralph (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FAC380525C4FA229" box="[1285,1344,1125,1150]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1958.0">1958</number>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FAAF80515C9BA229" box="[1385,1428,1126,1150]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="337.0">337</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
should be followed scrupulously: “short (up to 3.0 cm) erect monosiphonic stems with loose irregular branching; […] nodes twisted obliquely and sloping alternately in opposite directions; hydrothecal margin strongly everted; […] mature male gonotheca elongate oval, about
|
||
<quantity id="4C8836DF4765FFD5FD1780E25A38A2BA" box="[721,823,1237,1262]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length; mature female gonotheca about 1.0 mm in length, more or less oval in general outline, with two distinct peaks arising from the narrow sides at the distal end; aperture, in depression between the peaks”. Since all the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4765FFD5FCD281165AA6A36E" box="[788,937,1312,1337]" name="New Zealand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
material studied by Ralph had colonies with monosiphonic stems, it is worth stressing that this is most probably the normal habit of this species. Accurate, recent illustrations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FE6A815C5B51A3D4" box="[428,606,1387,1411]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FE6A815C5B51A3D4" box="[428,606,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FCF0815D5D0CA3D4" author="Schuchert" box="[822,1027,1386,1411]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Schuchert, P. (2005) Taxonomic revision and systematic notes on some Halecium species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Journal of Natural History, 39 (8), 607 - 639. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930400001319" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Schuchert (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FC06815D5AF4A3D4" box="[960,1019,1386,1411]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2005.0">2005</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FB89815D5C97A3D4" author="Galea" box="[1103,1432,1386,1411]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Galea, H. R. & Schories, D. (2012 b) Some hydrozoans (Cnidaria) from King George Island, Antarctica. Zootaxa, 3321, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Galea & Schories (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FA82815D5C8EA3D4" box="[1348,1409,1386,1411]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2012.0">2012</number>
|
||
b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Consequently, only those specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FD9481A75BB0A3FF" box="[594,703,1424,1448]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FD9481A75BB0A3FF" box="[594,703,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Halecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
whose mature female gonothecae are laterally flattened and have the aperture situated “between two distinct blunt, heavy, tooth-like processes” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FBF281825C15A399" author="Ralph" box="[1076,1306,1461,1486]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1958) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part II. Families Lafoeidae, Lineolariidae, Haleciidae and Syntheciidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 85 (2), 301 - 356." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="p">
|
||
Ralph
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FB4281825DB1A399" box="[1156,1214,1461,1486]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1958.0">1958</number>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FB2881825C15A399" box="[1262,1306,1461,1486]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="336.0">336</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) should be considered as belonging to Coughtrey’s species. The drawing in Fig.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FC7681EC5AB2A3A4" box="[944,957,1499,1523]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
B allows the shape and size of the female gonotheca to be compared to those of related species. An additional record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FC3F82365DAFA04F" box="[1017,1184,1536,1560]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FC3F82365DAFA04F" box="[1017,1184,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is, most probably, that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FF70821F5BFAA017" author="Marktanner-Turneretscher" box="[182,757,1573,1601]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Marktanner-Turneretscher, G. (1890) Die Hydroiden des k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Annalen des k. k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 5, 195 - 286." type="journal article" year="1890">
|
||
Marktanner-Turneretscher (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FE2A821F5B27A017" box="[492,552,1576,1600]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1890.0">1890</number>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FD92821E5BEDA017" box="[596,738,1576,1600]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parvulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FD92821E5BEDA017" box="[596,738,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. parvulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FD2582125BE4A064" box="[739,747,1573,1587]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but possibly not that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FBD4821F5DD5A017" author="Hartlaub" box="[1042,1242,1573,1601]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Hartlaub, C. (1901 a) Hydroiden aus dem Stillen Ocean. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinsland 1896 - 97). Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie des Tiere, 14 (6), 349 - 379." type="journal article" year="1901" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Hartlaub (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FB42821F5DB2A017" box="[1156,1213,1576,1600]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1901.0">1901</number>
|
||
a
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FB0F82125DDEA064" box="[1225,1233,1573,1587]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(this assumption
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4765FFD5FF51825B5A0AA0C8" blockId="13.[151,1436,1643,2033]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FF51825B59A9A0D6" box="[151,166,1644,1665]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
. The Crozet shelf, situated about
|
||
<quantity id="4C8836DF4765FFD5FDDC825C5B79A0D6" box="[538,630,1643,1665]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="km" value="1000.0">1000 km</quantity>
|
||
away from Marion
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4765FFD5FC8F825C5A86A0D6" box="[841,905,1643,1665]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, lets us to assume that the specimens examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FF0182BE5852A0C8" author="Millard" box="[199,349,1673,1695]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1971) Hydrozoa. In: van Zinderen Bakker, E. M., Winterbottom, J. M. & Dyer, R. A. (Eds.), Marion and Prince Edwards Islands. A. A. Balkema, Cape Town, pp. 396 - 408." type="book chapter" year="1971">
|
||
Millard (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FEE682BE585BA0C8" box="[288,340,1673,1695]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1971.0">1971</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were possibly conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FD6482BD5BF0A0C8" box="[674,767,1673,1695]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FD6482BD5BF0A0C8" box="[674,767,1673,1695]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. flexile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4765FFD5FF51829F5A51A08A" blockId="13.[151,1436,1643,2033]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FF51829F59A9A0E9" box="[151,166,1704,1726]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
. The synonymy is mainly based on the typical shape of the female gonotheca and its high number and small size of oocytes depicted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4765FFD5FE8582F05B99A08A" author="Marktanner-Turneretscher" box="[323,662,1735,1757]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Marktanner-Turneretscher, G. (1890) Die Hydroiden des k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Annalen des k. k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 5, 195 - 286." type="journal article" year="1890">
|
||
Marktanner-Turneretscher (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FD9C82F05B80A08A" box="[602,655,1735,1757]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1890.0">1890</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in his Pl.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FD3A82F05A06A08A" box="[764,777,1735,1757]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FCFB82F05A56A08A" box="[829,857,1735,1757]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="22.0">22</number>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4765FFD5FF5182D2586FA1A6" blockId="13.[151,1436,1643,2033]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FF5182D259A9A0AC" box="[151,166,1765,1787]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
. The trophosome in Hartlaub’s (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FDC882D25B4DA0AC" box="[526,578,1765,1787]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1901.0">1901</number>
|
||
a) material was poorly illustrated, and the characteristic pseudodiaphragm was not depicted. In addition, the presence of a male colony is of poor informative value, and should be interpreted with caution. In addition, Ralph’s (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4765FFD5FE41831458B3A16E" box="[391,444,1827,1849]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1958.0">1958</number>
|
||
) reading of Hartlaub’s text is obviously a misinterpretation, adding information that is missing from his account. Hartlaub clearly stated the following: “Das Material […] besteht nur aus einem kleinen Stück Rhizom, von welchem eine Gonothek entspringt”, which means that only one gonotheca, arising from the stolon, was present in the material studied. Although the gonotheca was originally described as broadly rectangular and laterally flattened (thus possibly male), Ralph stated that Hartlaub would have seen some gonothecae “rectangular in general outline and others with two peaks at the distal end”, thus concluding that “some at least of Hartlaub’s specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94765FFD5FB0F838A5C6EA185" box="[1225,1377,1980,2002]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284765FFD5FB0F838A5C6EA185" box="[1225,1377,1980,2002]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were female in sex”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4766FFD6FF5184A05A9AA681" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1532]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
considers the trophosome alone), though both are from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4766FFD6FCD284AF5ABFA6E7" box="[788,944,151,176]" name="New Zealand" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Based on the data from the literature, it is therefore assumed that the species may be endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4766FFD6FD3E84895A9DA681" box="[760,914,189,214]" name="New Zealand" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4766FFD6FF0184D55DC2A78C" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1532]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Second, the haleciids with polysiphonic stems reaching up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8836DF4766FFD6FC6284D45AE1A6AD" box="[932,1006,227,251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
in height, included by Ralph in her diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94766FFD6FEE8853E58D7A777" box="[302,472,264,288]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FEE8853E58D7A777" box="[302,472,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FDCA85305B35A777" box="[524,570,263,288]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="336.0">336</number>
|
||
), are characters belonging to other nominal species (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FB61853F5C4CA777" box="[1191,1347,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
viz.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94766FFD6FB1E853E5C4CA777" box="[1240,1347,264,288]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexile">H. flexile</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94766FFD6FA47853E580DA712" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parvulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FA47853E580DA712" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. parvulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) that were sunk in its synonymy. Besides the lack of information on the female gonotheca of Allman’s species, Ralph concluded that the “complete similarity of internode, node, hydrotheca and male gonotheca of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94766FFD6FA4785645814A7C7" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FA4785645814A7C7" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94766FFD6FE92854F58B3A7C7" box="[340,444,376,400]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FE92854F58B3A7C7" box="[340,444,376,400]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. flexile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaves little doubt that the latter is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94766FFD6FC35854F5D95A7C7" box="[1011,1178,376,400]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FC35854F5D95A7C7" box="[1011,1178,376,400]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. However, due to the lack of suitable material, she failed to explain “what factors cause the readily distinguishable differences in growth form and size”, the nature of these factors being not invoked (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FC8A85F45A7AA78D" box="[844,885,451,474]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
ecological, geographical etc.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4766FFD6FF0185D05A27A240" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1532]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Third, the southeastern Australian material mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4766FFD6FC9385D05AFFA457" author="Galea" box="[853,1008,487,512]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Galea, H. R. (2010 b) Notes on a small collection of thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Tristan da Cunha, south Atlantic. Zootaxa, 2336, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Galea (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FC6085D05AEDA457" box="[934,994,487,512]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2010.0">2010</number>
|
||
b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FBDC85DF5D27A457" box="[1050,1064,488,512]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
) was re-examined for this study. The colonies are exclusively composed of monosiphonic stems up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8836DF4766FFD6FC6F863A5AFAA472" box="[937,1013,525,550]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, their branching is irregular and attains the third order, the internodes are slightly zigzagging (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B87BF4766FFD6FC9186055A93A41C" box="[855,924,562,587]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,200,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1713]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B: Halecium flexile Allman, 1888 — portion of stem (A) compared with H. balei Fraser, 1911 (C); detail of hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (B), and comparison with H. balei (D). E, F: Halecium humeriformis sp. nov. — stem fragments (E); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (F). G, H: Halecium maximum sp. nov. — stem fragments (G); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (H). I ‒ L: Halecium modestum sp. nov. — stem fragments (I ‒ K); hydrophore with hydrotheca (L). M, N: Halecium platythecum sp. nov. — stem fragment (M); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (N). Scale bars: 300 µm (B, D, F, H, L, N) and 1 mm (A, C, E, G, I ‒ K, M)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286958/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FC4B86045A93A41C" box="[909,924,563,587]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
C), the primary hydrophores are rather short, but still exhibit a conspicuous pseudodiaphragm on their adaxial side, and the hydrothecal rim is only slightly everted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B87BF4766FFD6FF3A864A584CA4C1" box="[252,323,637,662]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,200,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1713]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B: Halecium flexile Allman, 1888 — portion of stem (A) compared with H. balei Fraser, 1911 (C); detail of hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (B), and comparison with H. balei (D). E, F: Halecium humeriformis sp. nov. — stem fragments (E); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (F). G, H: Halecium maximum sp. nov. — stem fragments (G); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (H). I ‒ L: Halecium modestum sp. nov. — stem fragments (I ‒ K); hydrophore with hydrotheca (L). M, N: Halecium platythecum sp. nov. — stem fragment (M); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (N). Scale bars: 300 µm (B, D, F, H, L, N) and 1 mm (A, C, E, G, I ‒ K, M)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286958/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FEF28649584CA4C1" box="[308,323,638,662]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Terminal stolonization occur quite abundantly, giving rise to additional erect stems, and the gonothecae are given off from both the stolons and stems. The cnidome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B87BF4766FFD6FC1F86955D3FA4EC" box="[985,1072,674,699]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A ‒ F, M" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,248,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,243,1755]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 4. A ‒ F, M: Cnidomes of some Halecium species discussed herein— H. flexile Allman, 1888 (A); H. balei (B); H. humeriformis sp. nov. (C); H. maximum sp. nov. (D); H. tristaniensis sp. nov. (E); H. modestum sp. nov. (F). G: Halecium pallens Jäderholm, 1904 — female gonotheca. H ‒ M: Halecium tehuelchum (d’Orbigny, 1842) — fragments of colonies (H), primary hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (I); female gonotheca (J) and shape variation (K); male gonothecae (L); cnidome (M). Scale bars: 10 µm (A ‒ F, M); 300 µm (I, J, L), 500 µm (G, K), 1 mm (H)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286959/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FBC886945D12A4EC" box="[1038,1053,675,699]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
B
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) is composed of three capsules: small (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FF2286FF59F1A488" box="[228,254,712,735]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FEC886FF583EA4B7" box="[270,305,712,736]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="3.4">3.4</number>
|
||
×
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FE9786FF587BA4B7" box="[337,372,712,736]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1.4">1.4</number>
|
||
µm), seed-shaped and large [(
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FD0F86FF5BE2A4B7" box="[713,749,712,736]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="8.2">8.2</number>
|
||
–9.0) ×
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FC8C86F05A62A4B7" box="[842,877,711,736]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2.6">2.6</number>
|
||
µm], banana-shaped macrobasic heteronemes, as well as a microbasic mastigophore (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FDEA86D95B48A552" box="[556,583,750,773]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FD9286DA5B78A551" box="[596,631,749,774]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="6.5">6.5</number>
|
||
× 2.0 µm). A closer inspection of the gonothecae, previously described as female, revealed that they are, in fact, male
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FD6F87255BB7A577" box="[681,696,786,800]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
. They are broadly ovoid in frontal view (Fig.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FB0887215DD4A579" box="[1230,1243,790,814]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
C) and lenticular when seen from above. Those that are already spent exhibit a small, apical, circular aperture resulting from the local perisarc being ruptured upon the release of gametes (Fig.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FCA587545A7FA52C" box="[867,880,867,891]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
C
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FC4287685A83A53A" box="[900,908,863,877]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
). Since no female colonies could be observed, we assign, with a query, the present material to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94766FFD6FD6B87BB5A08A5F4" box="[685,775,907,931]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FD6B87BB5A08A5F4" box="[685,775,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. balei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FCC887B05A12A5C2" box="[782,797,903,917]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="11.0">11</number>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4766FFD6FCE287BB5AB0A5F4" author="Fraser" box="[804,959,907,931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1911) The hydroids of the west coast of North America. With special reference to those of the Vancouver Island region. Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa, 6 (1), 3 - 91." type="journal article" year="1911">
|
||
Fraser (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FCBC87BC5AB9A5F4" box="[890,950,907,931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1911.0">1911</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. If our specimens indeed belong to it, then Totton’s (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FEC587865832A59E" box="[259,317,945,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1930.0">1930</number>
|
||
) argument (see above) supporting its separation from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94766FFD6FC6C87865D1DA59F" box="[938,1042,944,968]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FC6C87865D1DA59F" box="[938,1042,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. flexile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is entirely justified [compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B87BF4766FFD6FAAA8787580BA5A6" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,200,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1713]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B: Halecium flexile Allman, 1888 — portion of stem (A) compared with H. balei Fraser, 1911 (C); detail of hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (B), and comparison with H. balei (D). E, F: Halecium humeriformis sp. nov. — stem fragments (E); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (F). G, H: Halecium maximum sp. nov. — stem fragments (G); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (H). I ‒ L: Halecium modestum sp. nov. — stem fragments (I ‒ K); hydrophore with hydrotheca (L). M, N: Halecium platythecum sp. nov. — stem fragment (M); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (N). Scale bars: 300 µm (B, D, F, H, L, N) and 1 mm (A, C, E, G, I ‒ K, M)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286958/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Figs
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FF5187EE59ABA5A6" box="[151,164,985,1009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
A and
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FF3387EE580BA5A6" box="[245,260,985,1009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
C, as well as Fig.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FE1E87EE58EBA5A6" box="[472,484,985,1009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
A
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FE3C87E25B0DA5B4" box="[506,514,981,995]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
and Bale’s (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FD5387EE5BC0A5A6" box="[661,719,985,1009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1888.0">1888</number>
|
||
) Fig.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FCD187EE5A28A5A6" box="[791,807,985,1009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
]. Moreover, the relationships between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94766FFD6FB2E87EE5C4AA5A7" box="[1256,1349,984,1008]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FB2E87EE5C4AA5A7" box="[1256,1349,984,1008]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. balei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94766FFD6FA4787EE580DA241" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parvulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FA4787EE580DA241" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. parvulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be clarified in light of modern taxonomy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4766FFD6FF0180145DFCA2FB" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1532]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fourth, the relationships between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94766FFD6FD8580135AA3A26C" authority="Vanhoffen, 1910" authorityName="Vanhoffen" authorityYear="1910" box="[579,940,1059,1084]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarcticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FD8580135BE4A26C" box="[579,747,1060,1083]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
Vanhöffen,
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FCB280145AA3A26C" box="[884,940,1059,1083]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1910.0">1910</number>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94766FFD6FC2580135D45A26C" box="[995,1098,1059,1083]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FC2580135D45A26C" box="[995,1098,1059,1083]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. flexile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been questioned, among others, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4766FFD6FECA807E58A8A236" author="Totton" box="[268,423,1097,1121]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Totton, A. K. (1930) Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report of the British Antarctic (" Terra Nova ") Expedition, 1910. Zoology, 5 (5), 131 - 252." type="journal article" year="1930">
|
||
Totton (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FEA2807E5890A236" box="[356,415,1097,1121]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1930.0">1930</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4766FFD6FE1B807F5A09A236" author="Galea" box="[477,774,1096,1121]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Galea, H. R. & Schories, D. (2012 b) Some hydrozoans (Cnidaria) from King George Island, Antarctica. Zootaxa, 3321, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Galea & Schories (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FD74807F5BE0A236" box="[690,751,1096,1121]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2012.0">2012</number>
|
||
b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4766FFD6FC6C807E5D9AA236" box="[938,1173,1097,1121]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2014) Revision of the Antarctic species of Halecium Oken, 1815 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Haleciidae). Zootaxa, 3790 (2), 243 - 280. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3790.2.2" type="journal article">
|
||
Peña Cantero (
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FB96807E5D82A236" box="[1104,1165,1097,1121]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2014.0">2014</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the female gonothecae of the former are comparatively larger, flattened fronto-dorsally, tapering rather abruptly below, with a wide distal aperture, leaving the passage of a large acrocyst, thus considerably different from Allman’s species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4766FFD6FF01808F5B09A3DB" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1532]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Fifth, given the scarcity of numerous old descriptions, the lack of illustrations and/or measurements, the sterile condition of the material studied, or the presence of either male or immature female gonothecae, and the lack of knowledge of the cnidomes, only hardly reliable comparisons could be made. For example, there are several records assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94766FFD6FEB3811E5B14A317" box="[373,539,1320,1344]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FEB3811E5B14A317" box="[373,539,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4766FFD6FD6C811F5A05A316" box="[682,778,1320,1345]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
and neighbouring seas, of which some are unrecognizable even in the presence of female gonothecae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4766FFD6FD48817A5A3FA331" author="Blanco" box="[654,816,1357,1382]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Blanco, O. M. (1984 a) Adicion a los hidrozoos argentinos. II. Revista del Museo de La Plata, 13 (147), 269 - 282." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Blanco
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FD2E81795A2CA331" box="[744,803,1358,1382]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1984.0">1984</number>
|
||
a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while others, based on sterile material (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FACF81785C3EA331" box="[1289,1329,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB4766FFD6FAFC817859DCA3DC" author="Vervoort" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Vervoort, W. (1972) Hydroids from the Theta, Vema and Yelcho cruises of the Lamont-Doherty geological observatory. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 120, 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1972">
|
||
Vervoort
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FF51814459DCA3DC" box="[151,211,1395,1419]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1972.0">1972</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), are simply unidentifiable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B14766FFCAFF0181AF5AA1A015" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4766FFD6FF0181AF58FAA381" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1532]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FF0181AF58CCA3E6" bold="true" box="[199,451,1432,1457]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Distribution in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4766FFD6FE4581AF58CCA3E6" box="[387,451,1432,1457]" name="Chile" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. The former record is from Canal Vicuña (Galea
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FBC481AE5D31A3E6" box="[1026,1086,1433,1457]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
), while the present ones range roughly between
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FE9F818A5878A381" box="[345,375,1469,1494]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="46.0">46</number>
|
||
° and
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FE71818A58D8A381" box="[439,471,1469,1494]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="55.0">55</number>
|
||
°S.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4766FFD6FF0181D45DC0A3AB" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1532]" box="[199,1231,1507,1532]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FF0181D4587BA3AB" bold="true" box="[199,372,1507,1532]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">World records</emphasis>
|
||
. A subantarctic species possibly occurring from Marion
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA4766FFD6FC3681D45D3BA3AB" box="[1008,1076,1507,1532]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Patagonia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4766FFD6FF5183575A08A1E4" blockId="14.[151,1436,1888,2033]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4766FFD6FF51835759BCA121" box="[151,179,1888,1910]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
. The sample, preserved in ethanol, was received partly dried out. Upon examination in an aqueous solution, the gonothecal content appeared blurred. After a long storage in formalin, the air bubbles had completely disappeared, allowing its content to be observed properly during the present study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<footnote id="E86B87344766FFD6FF51838B58E1A1A6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4766FFD6FF51838B58E1A1A6" blockId="14.[151,1436,1888,2033]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
11. Fraser (1911) introduced the replacement name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94766FFD6FD6B838B5A47A185" box="[685,840,1980,2002]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FD6B838B5A47A185" box="[685,840,1980,2002]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Halecium balei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94766FFD6FCB5838A5D41A185" authority="Bale, 1888" authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1888" box="[883,1102,1980,2002]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FCB5838A5AD5A185" box="[883,986,1980,2002]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. gracile</emphasis>
|
||
Bale, 1888
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in order to avoid the homonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94766FFD6FF3C83EB58E5A1A6" authority="Verrill, 1874" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1874" box="[250,490,2011,2033]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284766FFD6FF3C83EB586EA1A6" box="[250,353,2011,2033]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H. gracile</emphasis>
|
||
Verrill, 1874
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<caption id="DF0FCBB24767FFD7FF5182FC5B41A12C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286958/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[154,1435,200,1713]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4767FFD7FF5182FC5B41A12C" blockId="15.[151,1436,1739,1915]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284767FFD7FF5182FC581AA0B6" bold="true" box="[151,277,1739,1761]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
A, B:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94767FFD7FEA682FC5B92A0B6" authority="Allman, 1888" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[352,669,1739,1761]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284767FFD7FEA682FC5B06A0B6" box="[352,521,1739,1761]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Halecium flexile</emphasis>
|
||
Allman, 1888
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—portion of stem (A) compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94767FFD7FBE982FB5C03A0B6" authority="Fraser, 1911" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1911" box="[1071,1292,1739,1761]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284767FFD7FBE982FB5D8BA0B6" box="[1071,1156,1739,1761]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. balei</emphasis>
|
||
Fraser, 1911
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C); detail of hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (B), and comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94767FFD7FCFC82DB5A81A156" box="[826,910,1771,1793]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284767FFD7FCFC82DB5A81A156" box="[826,910,1771,1793]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. balei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(D). E, F:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94767FFD7FBC082DC5DF6A156" box="[1030,1273,1771,1793]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="humeriformis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284767FFD7FBC082DC5DF6A156" box="[1030,1273,1771,1793]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Halecium humeriformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA534767FFD7FAC582DB5C5DA156" box="[1283,1362,1772,1793]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
—stem fragments (E); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (F). G, H:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94767FFD7FCDB833E5AE7A148" box="[797,1000,1801,1823]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maximum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284767FFD7FCDB833E5AE7A148" box="[797,1000,1801,1823]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Halecium maximum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA534767FFD7FC28833D5D34A148" box="[1006,1083,1802,1823]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
—stem fragments (G); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (H). I‒L:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94767FFD7FDC0831F5BD9A169" box="[518,726,1832,1854]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="modestum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284767FFD7FDC0831F5BD9A169" box="[518,726,1832,1854]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Halecium modestum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA534767FFD7FD1A831E5A26A169" box="[732,809,1833,1854]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
—stem fragments (I‒K); hydrophore with hydrotheca (L). M, N:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94767FFD7FF7183715893A10B" box="[183,412,1862,1884]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="platythecum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284767FFD7FF7183715893A10B" box="[183,412,1862,1884]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Halecium platythecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA534767FFD7FE65837058FFA10B" box="[419,496,1863,1884]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
—stem fragment (M); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (N). Scale bars: 300 µm (B, D, F, H, L, N) and 1 mm (A, C, E, G, I‒K, M).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0FCBB24778FFC8FFB186465D02A4D2" ID-Table-UUID="DF0FCBB24778FFC8FFB186465D02A4D2" box="[119,1037,624,645]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0FCBB24778FFC8FFB186465D02A4D2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[123,1651,795,1735]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4778FFC8FFB186465D02A4D2" blockId="16.[119,1644,624,761]" box="[119,1037,624,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284778FFC8FFB1864659D7A4D2" bold="true" box="[119,216,625,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TABLE 4</emphasis>
|
||
. Morphometrics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94778FFC8FE55864758E1A4D2" box="[403,494,624,645]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284778FFC8FE55864758E1A4D2" box="[403,494,624,645]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Halecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species discussed in the present study; dimensions in µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4778FFC8FECB86BA5835A4AE" blockId="16.[119,1644,624,761]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284778FFC8FECB86BA5835A4AE" bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284778FFC8FECB86BA5A48A4F6" bold="true" box="[269,839,653,673]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94778FFC8FECB86BA5868A4F6" box="[269,359,653,673]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Halecium</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94778FFC8FE5186BA5B6CA4F6" box="[407,611,653,673]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">Halecium delicatulum</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94778FFC8FD6986BA5A48A4F6" authority="Allman" authorityName="Allman" box="[687,839,653,673]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexile">Halecium flexile</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Allman,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284778FFC8FC0686BA5836A4E9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94778FFC8FC0686BA5D15A4F6" box="[960,1050,653,673]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Halecium</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94778FFC8FB9186BA5DBEA4F6" box="[1111,1201,653,673]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Halecium</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94778FFC8FB2786BA5C34A4F6" box="[1249,1339,653,673]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Halecium</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94778FFC8FAAB86BA5CC8A4F6" box="[1389,1479,653,673]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Halecium</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94778FFC8FA3B86BA5836A4E9" authority="Coughtrey, 1876" authorityName="Coughtrey" authorityYear="1876" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balei">Halecium balei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Coughtrey,
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4778FFC8FDC1869C5B3BA4E9" box="[519,564,683,702]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1876.0">1876</number>
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4778FFC8FD69869C5BD3A4E9" box="[687,732,683,702]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1888.0">1888</number>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284778FFC8FC06869D5F63A4E9" bold="true" box="[960,1644,682,702]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94778FFC8FC06869D5DBBA4E9" box="[960,1204,682,702]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="humeriformis" subSpecies="maximum">humeriformis maximum</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94778FFC8FB27869D5C30A4E9" box="[1249,1343,682,702]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="modestum">modestum</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94778FFC8FAAB869D5F63A4E9" authority="Fraser" authorityName="Fraser" box="[1389,1644,682,702]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="platythecum" status="sp. nov." subSpecies="tristaniensis">platythecum tristaniensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Fraser,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA534778FFC8FC0686FF5D07A48C" box="[960,1032,712,731]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp.
|
||
<date id="FFCEBDFA4778FFC8F9DB86FF5835A4AE" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1911-11">
|
||
nov.
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D4778FFC8FECB86D15835A4AE" box="[269,314,742,761]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1911.0">1911</number>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4778FFC8FFBD872B5F5AA091" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<table id="F970699A47780027FFBD872C5F7CA090" box="[123,1651,795,1735]" gridcols="11" gridrows="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<tr id="3540997847780027FFBD872C5F7CA5D1" box="[123,1651,795,902]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FFBD872C59FEA5D1" box="[123,241,795,902]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284778FFC8FFBD872B59D5A578" bold="true" box="[123,218,796,815]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Reference</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FECB872C5854A5D1" box="[269,347,795,902]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Present study</th>
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FE51872C58FFA5D1" box="[407,496,795,902]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Present study, Schuchert (2005)</th>
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FDE6872C5B99A5D1" box="[544,662,795,902]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Ralph (1958), as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94778FFC8FDB9870E5B86A53E" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284778FFC8FDB9870E5B86A53E" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FD69872C5A07A5D1" box="[687,776,795,902]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Present study</th>
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FCF7872C5AA8A5D1" box="[817,935,795,902]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Millard (1977), as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B94778FFC8FC56870E5A95A53E" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284778FFC8FC56870E5A95A53E" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FC06872C5D38A5D1" box="[960,1079,795,902]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Present study</th>
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FB91872C5DBEA5D1" box="[1111,1201,795,902]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Present study</th>
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FB27872C5C3FA5D1" box="[1249,1328,795,902]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Present study</th>
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FAAB872C5CEBA5D1" box="[1389,1508,795,902]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Present study</th>
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FA3B872C5F7CA5D1" box="[1533,1651,795,902]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Galea (2010b), present study</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540997847780027FFBD879F5F7CA5EC" box="[123,1651,936,955]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FFBD879F59FEA5EC" box="[123,241,936,955]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284778FFC8FFBD879F59D6A5EC" bold="true" box="[123,217,936,955]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Internode</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540997847780027FFBD87EA5F7CA5A7" box="[123,1651,989,1008]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FFBD87EA59FEA5A7" box="[123,241,989,1008]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">- length</th>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FECB87EA5854A5A7" box="[269,347,989,1008]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">415–575</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FE5187EA58FFA5A7" box="[407,496,989,1008]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">360–690</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FDE687EA5B99A5A7" box="[544,662,989,1008]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">500–870</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FD6987EA5A07A5A7" box="[687,776,989,1008]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">620–1060</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FCF787EA5AA8A5A7" box="[817,935,989,1008]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">530–720</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FC0687EA5D38A5A7" box="[960,1079,989,1008]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">295–465</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FB9187EA5DBEA5A7" box="[1111,1201,989,1008]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">580–1110</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FB2787EA5C3FA5A7" box="[1249,1328,989,1008]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">465–900</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FAAB87EA5CEBA5A7" box="[1389,1508,989,1008]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">735–930</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FA3B87EA5F7CA5A7" box="[1533,1651,989,1008]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">455–560</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540997847780027FFBD80265F7CA215" box="[123,1651,1041,1090]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FFBD802659FEA215" box="[123,241,1041,1090]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">- diameter at node</th>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FECB80265854A215" box="[269,347,1041,1090]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">75–95</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FE51802658FFA215" box="[407,496,1041,1090]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">75–85</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FDE680265B99A215" box="[544,662,1041,1090]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">100–150</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FD6980265A07A215" box="[687,776,1041,1090]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">115–195</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FCF780265AA8A215" box="[817,935,1041,1090]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">–</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FC0680265D38A215" box="[960,1079,1041,1090]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">95–120</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FB9180265DBEA215" box="[1111,1201,1041,1090]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">130–185</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FB2780265C3FA215" box="[1249,1328,1041,1090]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">115–175</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FAAB80265CEBA215" box="[1389,1508,1041,1090]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">105–135</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FA3B80265F7CA215" box="[1533,1651,1041,1090]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">80–110</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540997847780027FFBD80535F7CA220" box="[123,1651,1124,1143]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FFBD805359FEA220" box="[123,241,1124,1143]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284778FFC8FFBD805359FEA220" bold="true" box="[123,241,1124,1143]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hydrophore</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540997847780027FFBD80AF5F7CA2FB" box="[123,1651,1176,1196]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FFBD80AF59FEA2FB" box="[123,241,1176,1196]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">- length</th>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FECB80AF5854A2FB" box="[269,347,1176,1196]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">60–110</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FE5180AF58FFA2FB" box="[407,496,1176,1196]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">75–230</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FDE680AF5B99A2FB" box="[544,662,1176,1196]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">–</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FD6980AF5A07A2FB" box="[687,776,1176,1196]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">115–185</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FCF780AF5AA8A2FB" box="[817,935,1176,1196]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">–</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FC0680AF5D38A2FB" box="[960,1079,1176,1196]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">110–160</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FB9180AF5DBEA2FB" box="[1111,1201,1176,1196]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">165–255</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FB2780AF5C3FA2FB" box="[1249,1328,1176,1196]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">140–290</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FAAB80AF5CEBA2FB" box="[1389,1508,1176,1196]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">115–195</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FA3B80AF5F7CA2FB" box="[1533,1651,1176,1196]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">205–465</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540997847780027FFBD80FA5F7CA2B7" box="[123,1651,1229,1248]" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FFBD80FA59FEA2B7" box="[123,241,1229,1248]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284778FFC8FFBD80FA59E4A2B7" bold="true" box="[123,235,1229,1248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hydrotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540997847780027FFBD81355F7CA342" box="[123,1651,1282,1301]" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FFBD813559FEA342" box="[123,241,1282,1301]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">- height</th>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FECB81355854A342" box="[269,347,1282,1301]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">30–40</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FE51813558FFA342" box="[407,496,1282,1301]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">50–65</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FDE681355B99A342" box="[544,662,1282,1301]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">> 50–75</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FD6981355A07A342" box="[687,776,1282,1301]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">70–95</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FCF781355AA8A342" box="[817,935,1282,1301]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">30–60</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FC0681355D38A342" box="[960,1079,1282,1301]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">55–75</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FB9181355DBEA342" box="[1111,1201,1282,1301]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">60–90</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FB2781355C3FA342" box="[1249,1328,1282,1301]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">60–80</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FAAB81355CEBA342" box="[1389,1508,1282,1301]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">55–75</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FA3B81355F7CA342" box="[1533,1651,1282,1301]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">55–70</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540997847780027FFBD81015F7CA330" box="[123,1651,1334,1383]" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FFBD810159FEA330" box="[123,241,1334,1383]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">- diameter at base</th>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FECB81015854A330" box="[269,347,1334,1383]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">95–105</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FE51810158FFA330" box="[407,496,1334,1383]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">90–115</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FDE681015B99A330" box="[544,662,1334,1383]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">–</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FD6981015A07A330" box="[687,776,1334,1383]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">115–140</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FCF781015AA8A330" box="[817,935,1334,1383]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">–</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FC0681015D38A330" box="[960,1079,1334,1383]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">100–120</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FB9181015DBEA330" box="[1111,1201,1334,1383]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">125–155</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FB2781015C3FA330" box="[1249,1328,1334,1383]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">130–155</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FAAB81015CEBA330" box="[1389,1508,1334,1383]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">130–140</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FA3B81015F7CA330" box="[1533,1651,1334,1383]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">110–125</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540997847780027FFBD81BF5F7CA3EF" box="[123,1651,1416,1464]" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FFBD81BF59FEA3EF" box="[123,241,1416,1464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">- diameter at rim</th>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FECB81BF5854A3EF" box="[269,347,1416,1464]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">125–145</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FE5181BF58FFA3EF" box="[407,496,1416,1464]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">165–190</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FDE681BF5B99A3EF" box="[544,662,1416,1464]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">140–190</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FD6981BF5A07A3EF" box="[687,776,1416,1464]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">200–230</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FCF781BF5AA8A3EF" box="[817,935,1416,1464]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">170–200</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FC0681BF5D38A3EF" box="[960,1079,1416,1464]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">145–185</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FB9181BF5DBEA3EF" box="[1111,1201,1416,1464]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">200–240</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FB2781BF5C3FA3EF" box="[1249,1328,1416,1464]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">215–245</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FAAB81BF5CEBA3EF" box="[1389,1508,1416,1464]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">205–240</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FA3B81BF5F7CA3EF" box="[1533,1651,1416,1464]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">160–200</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540997847780027FFBD81EC5F7CA3B9" box="[123,1651,1499,1518]" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FFBD81EC59FEA3B9" box="[123,241,1499,1518]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284778FFC8FFBD81EC59D6A3B9" bold="true" box="[123,217,1499,1518]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hydranth</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540997847780027FFBD82385F7CA017" box="[123,1651,1551,1600]" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FFBD823859FEA017" box="[123,241,1551,1600]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">- tentacle number</th>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FECB82385854A017" box="[269,347,1551,1600]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Not seen</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FE51823858FFA017" box="[407,496,1551,1600]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Not seen</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FDE682385B99A017" box="[544,662,1551,1600]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">–</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FD6982385A07A017" box="[687,776,1551,1600]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284778FFC8FD6982275BCBA075" box="[687,708,1552,1570]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 22
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FCF782385AA8A017" box="[817,935,1551,1600]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">–</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FC0682385D38A017" box="[960,1079,1551,1600]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">19–22</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FB9182385DBEA017" box="[1111,1201,1551,1600]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Not seen</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FB2782385C3FA017" box="[1249,1328,1551,1600]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">19–21</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FAAB82385CEBA017" box="[1389,1508,1551,1600]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Not seen</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FA3B82385F7CA017" box="[1533,1651,1551,1600]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Not seen</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540997847780027FFBD82565F7CA0C5" box="[123,1651,1633,1682]" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FFBD825659FEA0C5" box="[123,241,1633,1682]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284778FFC8FFBD825659EDA0C5" bold="true" box="[123,226,1633,1682]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">♂ Gonotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540997847780027FFBD82845F7CA090" box="[123,1651,1715,1735]" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="7691F00447780027FFBD828459FEA090" box="[123,241,1715,1735]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">- length</th>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FECB82845854A090" box="[269,347,1715,1735]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">550–740</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FE51828458FFA090" box="[407,496,1715,1735]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Not seen</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FDE682845B99A090" box="[544,662,1715,1735]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">700–1000</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FD6982845A07A090" box="[687,776,1715,1735]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">890–1010</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FCF782845AA8A090" box="[817,935,1715,1735]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">–</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FC0682845D38A090" box="[960,1079,1715,1735]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284778FFC8FC0682835ADAA091" box="[960,981,1716,1734]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 875
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FB9182845DBEA090" box="[1111,1201,1715,1735]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">910–1205</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FB2782845C3FA090" box="[1249,1328,1715,1735]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">865–975</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FAAB82845CEBA090" box="[1389,1508,1715,1735]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">730–1020</td>
|
||
<td id="7691F00447780027FA3B82845F7CA090" box="[1533,1651,1715,1735]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Unknown</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A4778FFCAFA9B82DE5AA1A015" blockId="16.[1373,1652,1769,1788]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,1447,1602]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90447284778FFC8FA9B82DE5F7BA0AB" box="[1373,1652,1769,1788]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">……continued on the next page</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9044728477AFFCAFF51819E5803A3E8" bold="true" box="[151,268,1449,1471]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
FIGURE
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D477AFFCAFF39819E5803A3E8" box="[255,268,1449,1471]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. A:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477AFFCAFEF1819E5B64A3E8" authority="Allman, 1888" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[311,619,1449,1471]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9044728477AFFCAFEF1819E58D2A3E8" box="[311,477,1449,1471]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Halecium flexile</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB477AFFCAFE25819E5B64A3E8" author="Allman" box="[483,619,1449,1471]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Allman, G. J. (1888) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. - The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae and Thalamophora. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the year 1873 - 76, Zoology, 23 (70), 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1888">
|
||
Allman,
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D477AFFCAFDFD819E5B64A3E8" box="[571,619,1449,1471]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1888.0">1888</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—female (A
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D477AFFCAFD2A81905A0EA3E4" box="[748,769,1447,1459]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1‒3</number>
|
||
) and male (A
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D477AFFCAFC4D81905A9DA3E4" box="[907,914,1447,1459]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
) gonothecae, and comparison with the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477AFFCAFA45819D58B2A3B6" authority="Coughtrey, 1876" authorityName="Coughtrey" authorityYear="1876" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9044728477AFFCAFA45819D5800A3B6" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. delicatulum</emphasis>
|
||
Coughtrey,
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D477AFFCAFE4C81FC58B2A3B6" box="[394,445,1483,1505]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1876.0">1876</number>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B) and the males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477AFFCAFD5381FB5A66A3B6" authority="Fraser, 1911" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1911" box="[661,873,1483,1505]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9044728477AFFCAFD5381FB5BE8A3B6" box="[661,743,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. balei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB477AFFCAFD2A81FB5A66A3B6" author="Fraser" box="[748,873,1483,1505]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1911) The hydroids of the west coast of North America. With special reference to those of the Vancouver Island region. Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa, 6 (1), 3 - 91." type="journal article" year="1911">
|
||
Fraser,
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D477AFFCAFCF181FC5A66A3B6" box="[823,873,1483,1505]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1911.0">1911</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C). D:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477AFFCAFC7A81FC5DA3A3B6" box="[956,1196,1483,1505]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="humeriformis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9044728477AFFCAFC7A81FC5DA3A3B6" box="[956,1196,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Halecium humeriformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA53477AFFCAFB7481FB5DF0A3B6" box="[1202,1279,1483,1505]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
—female (D
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D477AFFCAFAB881FF5C9CA383" box="[1406,1427,1480,1492]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1‒3</number>
|
||
) and male (D
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D477AFFCAFED281DE5814A3A2" box="[276,283,1513,1525]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
) gonothecae. E:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477AFFCAFE0081DB5B9EA055" box="[454,657,1516,1538]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maximum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9044728477AFFCAFE0081DB5B9EA055" box="[454,657,1516,1538]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Halecium maximum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA53477AFFCAFD5E81DA5BEAA055" box="[664,741,1516,1538]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
—female gonothecae (E), compared to the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477AFFCAFAC781DA5C93A055" box="[1281,1436,1517,1538]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tristaniensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9044728477AFFCAFAC781DA5C93A055" box="[1281,1436,1517,1538]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. tristaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA53477AFFCAFF51823959E8A074" box="[151,231,1550,1571]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(G); male gonothecae (F). H:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477AFFCAFDE6823A5BFFA074" box="[544,752,1549,1571]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="modestum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9044728477AFFCAFDE6823A5BFFA074" box="[544,752,1549,1571]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Halecium modestum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA53477AFFCAFD3E82395A49A074" box="[760,838,1550,1571]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
— female (H
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D477AFFCAFC09823D5AECA041" box="[975,995,1546,1558]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1‒4</number>
|
||
) and male (H
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D477AFFCAFBB5823D5D75A041" box="[1139,1146,1546,1558]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
) gonothecae. I, J:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477AFFCAFAFC823A581CA015" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="platythecum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9044728477AFFCAFAFC823A581CA015" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Halecium platythecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA53477AFFCAFEDF821A586AA015" box="[281,357,1580,1602]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
—female (I) and male (J) gonothecae. Scale bar:
|
||
<number id="3DB8891D477AFFCAFC9F821B5A70A015" box="[857,895,1580,1602]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="500.0">500</number>
|
||
µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |