treatments-xml/data/03/99/F6/0399F63CCF09D4775D92F9E3FD21C7AD.xml
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<mods:title id="C6A3C5F4937DE40C05190332D2DBCEF7">The larva of Microptila orienthula Kjaerandsen &amp; Ito (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae), with a description of its microhabitat in Japan</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF09D4735D92F9E3FD60C2F0" blockId="0.[151,716,1657,1720]" box="[151,716,1657,1684]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<heading id="D0C7F046CF09D4735D92F9E3FD60C2F0" bold="true" box="[151,716,1657,1684]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF09D4735D92F9E3FD60C2F0" authority="Kjaerandsen &amp; Ito 2009" authorityName="Kjaerandsen &amp; Ito" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,716,1657,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Microptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orienthula">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF09D4735D92F9E3FD60C2F0" bold="true" box="[151,716,1657,1684]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF09D4735D92F9E3FE31C2F0" bold="true" box="[151,413,1657,1684]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Microptila orienthula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF09D4735CA1F9E0FD60C2F0" author="Kjaerandsen, J. &amp; Ito, T." box="[420,716,1658,1684]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" pagination="177 - 181" refId="ref2327" refString="Kjaerandsen, J. &amp; Ito, T. (2009) First records of Microptila Ris (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Japan, with description of a new species. Entomological Science, 12, 177 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1479 - 8298.2009.00320. x" type="journal article" year="2009">Kjaerandsen &amp; Ito 2009</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF09D4735D92F904FEA7C2DC" blockId="0.[151,716,1657,1720]" box="[151,267,1694,1720]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
(
<figureCitation id="130B5BAFCF09D4735D9AF904FEAEC2DC" box="[159,258,1694,1720]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="1.[152,255,1880,1904]" captionStartId-1="2.[152,255,1815,1839]" captionStartId-2="3.[152,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1422,322,1844]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1423,195,1773]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,813,1851]" captionTargetId-0="figure-84@1.[151,1436,309,1857]" captionTargetId-1="figure-33@2.[151,1436,181,1792]" captionTargetId-2="figure-310@3.[151,1436,813,1864]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Final instar larva and case of Microptila orienthula. 1A1G: Final instar larva: 1A, habitus, right lateral; 1B, head, dorsal; 1C, same, dorsal, showing hair-like spines; 1D, same, ventral; 1E, labrum, dorsal; 1F, left mandible, dorsal; 1G, right mandible, dorsal; 1H, right antenna, dorsal. 1I, 1J: Case: 1I, right lateral; 1J, dorsal." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Final instar larva of Microptila orienthula. 2A, thorax and abdominal segments I, II, dorsal; 2B, right half of thorax, dorsal, showing hair-like spines; 2C, right trochantin and foreleg, right lateral; 2D, modified setae of right foretibia, right lateral; 2E, right pleuron and right midleg, right lateral; 2F, right pleuron and right hind leg, right lateral; 2G, abdominal segments IXX, dorsal; 2H, right anal proleg and claw, right lateral." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Habitat, larva, and case of Microptila orienthula. 3A, the hygropetric habitat in Akazawa, Shizuoka, Honshu, Japan; 3B, 3C, microhabitat of M. orienthula (plant clusters enclosed by oval lines); 3D, case (left) and larva in case (right), left lateral; 3E, larva, left lateral." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063485" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063487" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063491" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10063485/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10063487/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10063491/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Figs 13</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32A14A1CF09D4735D92F978FDEAC305" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF09D4735D92F978FAFBC37D" blockId="0.[151,1436,1762,1817]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF09D4735D92F978FDC2C29F" authority="Kjaerandsen &amp; Ito 2009" authorityName="Kjaerandsen &amp; Ito" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,622,1762,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Microptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orienthula">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF09D4735D92F978FED8C29E" box="[151,372,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Microptila orienthula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF09D4735C7FF978FDC2C29F" author="Kjaerandsen, J. &amp; Ito, T." box="[378,622,1762,1787]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" pagination="177 - 181" refId="ref2327" refString="Kjaerandsen, J. &amp; Ito, T. (2009) First records of Microptila Ris (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Japan, with description of a new species. Entomological Science, 12, 177 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1479 - 8298.2009.00320. x" type="journal article" year="2009">Kjaerandsen &amp; Ito 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 177180, male, female,
<collectingCountry id="F32707BACF09D4735E75F979FC06C29E" box="[880,938,1763,1786]" name="Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49F489C8CF09D4735EBDF978FB8CC29E" box="[952,1056,1762,1786]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
, Honshu);
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF09D4735995F979FB5FC29F" author="Ito, T." box="[1168,1267,1763,1787]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" pagination="104 - 112" refId="ref2067" refString="Ito, T. (2017 a) The genus Microptila Ris (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 4232 (1), 104 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4232.1.7" type="journal article" year="2017">Ito 2017a</bibRefCitation>
, 105107, male, female,
<collectingCountry id="F32707BACF09D4735C1CF898FEFFC37D" box="[281,339,1794,1817]" name="Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49F489C8CF09D4735C65F89BFE64C37D" box="[352,456,1793,1817]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yakushima); Ito in press, adult flight period,
<collectingCountry id="F32707BACF09D47359B5F898FB46C37D" box="[1200,1258,1794,1817]" name="Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Honshu).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF09D4735D92F8DDFDEAC305" blockId="0.[151,1437,1863,2034]" box="[151,582,1863,1889]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF09D4735D92F8DDFECBC305" bold="true" box="[151,359,1863,1889]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Final instar larva</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130B5BAFCF09D4735C73F8DDFE11C305" box="[374,445,1863,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,322,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-84@1.[151,1436,309,1857]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Final instar larva and case of Microptila orienthula. 1A1G: Final instar larva: 1A, habitus, right lateral; 1B, head, dorsal; 1C, same, dorsal, showing hair-like spines; 1D, same, ventral; 1E, labrum, dorsal; 1F, left mandible, dorsal; 1G, right mandible, dorsal; 1H, right antenna, dorsal. 1I, 1J: Case: 1I, right lateral; 1J, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063485" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10063485/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B5BAFCF09D4735CCEF8DDFE77C305" box="[459,475,1863,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,195,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-33@2.[151,1436,181,1792]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Final instar larva of Microptila orienthula. 2A, thorax and abdominal segments I, II, dorsal; 2B, right half of thorax, dorsal, showing hair-like spines; 2C, right trochantin and foreleg, right lateral; 2D, modified setae of right foretibia, right lateral; 2E, right pleuron and right midleg, right lateral; 2F, right pleuron and right hind leg, right lateral; 2G, abdominal segments IXX, dorsal; 2H, right anal proleg and claw, right lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10063487/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B5BAFCF09D4735CE2F8DDFD96C305" box="[487,570,1863,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-310@3.[151,1436,813,1864]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitat, larva, and case of Microptila orienthula. 3A, the hygropetric habitat in Akazawa, Shizuoka, Honshu, Japan; 3B, 3C, microhabitat of M. orienthula (plant clusters enclosed by oval lines); 3D, case (left) and larva in case (right), left lateral; 3E, larva, left lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10063491/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">3D, 3E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF09D4735DC2F8F1FD1CC3E1" blockId="0.[151,1437,1863,2034]" box="[199,688,1899,1926]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
Body length up to about
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in alcohol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF09D4725DC2F815FACDC579" blockId="0.[151,1437,1863,2034]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="446" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF09D4735DC2F815FEA8C3CD" box="[199,260,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130B5BAFCF09D4735C15F815FE31C3CD" box="[272,413,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,322,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-84@1.[151,1436,309,1857]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Final instar larva and case of Microptila orienthula. 1A1G: Final instar larva: 1A, habitus, right lateral; 1B, head, dorsal; 1C, same, dorsal, showing hair-like spines; 1D, same, ventral; 1E, labrum, dorsal; 1F, left mandible, dorsal; 1G, right mandible, dorsal; 1H, right antenna, dorsal. 1I, 1J: Case: 1I, right lateral; 1J, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063485" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10063485/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="445">Figs 1A1G</figureCitation>
). Elongate, sides subparallel, ecdysial sutures indistinct.Width about
<quantity id="4CC8EACFCF09D4735990F815FB55C3CE" box="[1173,1273,1935,1962]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" unit="mm" value="0.22">0.22 mm</quantity>
; width: length: depth about 1.0: 1.25: 0.85; uniformly brown; longest seta (seta 9 of
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF09D4735E90F829FB9FC3A9" author="Wiggins, G. B." box="[917,1075,1971,1997]" pageId="0" pageNumber="445" refId="ref2579" refString="Wiggins, G. B. (1996) Larvae of North American Caddisfly Genera. Second Edition. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 457 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3138 / 9781442623606" type="book" year="1996">Wiggins 1996</bibRefCitation>
) situated mesal side of eye spot, about 1.5 times head width. Labrum symmetrical with four pairs of setae at anterior half and numerous fine setae on anterior margin. Mandibles robust, asymmetrical, left one with acute apex and long mesal blade distinguished by basal notch, right one with blunt apex and sinuous mesal blade lacking distinguishing notch. Antennae situated mid-way between eye spots and anterolateral corners, each with seta at mid-length and sensillum apically. Dorsal surface densely covered with short hair-like spines (
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF08D4725FDAFE99FCB1C578" box="[735,797,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF08D4725E21FE99FC75C579" author="Graf, W. &amp; Waringer, J. &amp; Zika-Romer, J." box="[804,985,259,285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" pagination="31 - 38" refId="ref1894" refString="Graf, W., Waringer, J. &amp; Zika-Romer, J. (2004) The larva of Microptila minutissima Ris, 1897 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). Aquatic Insects, 26, 31 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1076 / aqin. 26.1.31.35374" type="journal article" year="2004">
Graf
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF08D4725E5BFE99FC23C579" box="[862,911,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
; “minute spinules” of
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF08D47259D7FE99FAF8C579" author="Wells, A." box="[1234,1364,258,285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref2529" refString="Wells, A. (1985) Larvae and Pupae of Australian Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera), with Observations on General Biology and Relationships. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 113, 1 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 113" type="journal article" year="1985">Wells 1985</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9449B38CF08D4725D9DF8C2FEB4C314" bold="true" box="[152,280,1880,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Final instar larva and case of
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF08D4725F40F8C3FC8CC315" authorityName="Kjaerandsen &amp; Ito" authorityYear="2009" box="[581,800,1881,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Microptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orienthula">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF08D4725F40F8C3FC8CC315" box="[581,800,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Microptila orienthula</emphasis>
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. 1A1G: Final instar larva: 1A, habitus, right lateral; 1B, head, dorsal; 1C, same, dorsal, showing hair-like spines; 1D, same, ventral; 1E, labrum, dorsal; 1F, left mandible, dorsal; 1G, right mandible, dorsal; 1H, right antenna, dorsal. 1I, 1J: Case: 1I, right lateral; 1J, dorsal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4F17A2CF0BD4715D9DF88DFCE5C3FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10063487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10063487/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" startId="2.[152,255,1815,1839]" targetBox="[164,1423,195,1773]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF0BD4715D9DF88DFCE5C3FF" blockId="2.[151,1437,1815,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0BD4715D9DF88DFEB7C34B" bold="true" box="[152,283,1815,1839]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Final instar larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0BD4715CF9F88DFD77C34B" authorityName="Kjaerandsen &amp; Ito" authorityYear="2009" box="[508,731,1815,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Microptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orienthula">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0BD4715CF9F88DFD77C34B" box="[508,731,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Microptila orienthula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 2A, thorax and abdominal segments I, II, dorsal; 2B, right half of thorax, dorsal, showing hair-like spines; 2C, right trochantin and foreleg, right lateral; 2D, modified setae of right foretibia, right lateral; 2E, right pleuron and right midleg, right lateral; 2F, right pleuron and right hind leg, right lateral; 2G, abdominal segments IXX, dorsal; 2H, right anal proleg and claw, right lateral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF0AD4705DC2FF0DFC77C579" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0AD4705DC2FF0DFE34C4D4" box="[199,408,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Thoracic segments</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130B5BAFCF0AD4705CA0FF0DFD83C4D5" box="[421,559,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,195,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-33@2.[151,1436,181,1792]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Final instar larva of Microptila orienthula. 2A, thorax and abdominal segments I, II, dorsal; 2B, right half of thorax, dorsal, showing hair-like spines; 2C, right trochantin and foreleg, right lateral; 2D, modified setae of right foretibia, right lateral; 2E, right pleuron and right midleg, right lateral; 2F, right pleuron and right hind leg, right lateral; 2G, abdominal segments IXX, dorsal; 2H, right anal proleg and claw, right lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10063487/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Figs 2A2F</figureCitation>
). Pronotum completely covered with pair of brown plates, round at anterolateral corners, concave at posterolateral corners. Each of meso- and metanota covered with a pair of rectangular brown plates. Dorsal surfaces of plates covered with short hair-like spines. Number of setae about 30 on each plate of pronotum, about 20 on each plate of meso- and metanota. Sternites absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF0AD4705DC2FEBDFC04C5ED" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Foretrochantins and pleura of meso- and metathoraces subquadrate. Thoracic legs similar in structure except foretibiae each with apicoventral lobe with subapicolateral seta, subapicodistal plate with brush of fine hairs, and stout apical spur; femora successively longer from foreleg to hind leg.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF0AD4705DC2FE09FC31C659" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0AD4705DC2FE09FE9DC5C9" box="[199,305,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130B5BAFCF0AD4705C3BFE09FE35C5C9" box="[318,409,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,322,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-84@1.[151,1436,309,1857]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Final instar larva and case of Microptila orienthula. 1A1G: Final instar larva: 1A, habitus, right lateral; 1B, head, dorsal; 1C, same, dorsal, showing hair-like spines; 1D, same, ventral; 1E, labrum, dorsal; 1F, left mandible, dorsal; 1G, right mandible, dorsal; 1H, right antenna, dorsal. 1I, 1J: Case: 1I, right lateral; 1J, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063485" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10063485/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B5BAFCF0AD4705CA6FE09FD89C5C9" box="[419,549,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,195,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-33@2.[151,1436,181,1792]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Final instar larva of Microptila orienthula. 2A, thorax and abdominal segments I, II, dorsal; 2B, right half of thorax, dorsal, showing hair-like spines; 2C, right trochantin and foreleg, right lateral; 2D, modified setae of right foretibia, right lateral; 2E, right pleuron and right midleg, right lateral; 2F, right pleuron and right hind leg, right lateral; 2G, abdominal segments IXX, dorsal; 2H, right anal proleg and claw, right lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10063487/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">2A, 2G, 2H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B5BAFCF0AD4705F2AFE09FD2CC5C9" box="[559,640,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-310@3.[151,1436,813,1864]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitat, larva, and case of Microptila orienthula. 3A, the hygropetric habitat in Akazawa, Shizuoka, Honshu, Japan; 3B, 3C, microhabitat of M. orienthula (plant clusters enclosed by oval lines); 3D, case (left) and larva in case (right), left lateral; 3E, larva, left lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10063491/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">3D, 3E</figureCitation>
). Slightly compressed laterally, distended, segments gradually enlarging from I to IV (or V) then decreasing, curvature of abdomen slight. Segment I with ellipsoidal tergite, very weakly sclerotized especially at middle, with three pairs of setae on tergite and about 56 pairs of setae around tergite; dorsal chloride epithelia on terga IIVIII; large dorsal ellipsoidal sclerite on segment IX; two roundish sclerites on segment X dorsolaterally; anal claws each with two accessary hooks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF0AD4705DC2FDDDFB17C6E1" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0AD4705DC2FDDDFF53C605" box="[199,255,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Case</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130B5BAFCF0AD4705C0BFDDDFE2AC605" box="[270,390,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,322,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-84@1.[151,1436,309,1857]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Final instar larva and case of Microptila orienthula. 1A1G: Final instar larva: 1A, habitus, right lateral; 1B, head, dorsal; 1C, same, dorsal, showing hair-like spines; 1D, same, ventral; 1E, labrum, dorsal; 1F, left mandible, dorsal; 1G, right mandible, dorsal; 1H, right antenna, dorsal. 1I, 1J: Case: 1I, right lateral; 1J, dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063485" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10063485/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Figs 1I, 1J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B5BAFCF0AD4705C97FDDDFE14C605" box="[402,440,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-310@3.[151,1436,813,1864]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitat, larva, and case of Microptila orienthula. 3A, the hygropetric habitat in Akazawa, Shizuoka, Honshu, Japan; 3B, 3C, microhabitat of M. orienthula (plant clusters enclosed by oval lines); 3D, case (left) and larva in case (right), left lateral; 3E, larva, left lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10063491/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">3D</figureCitation>
). Compressed laterally, composed of two ellipsoidal valves, with slit openings at anterior and posterior edges, made of silk together with few slender plant pieces. Length up to 3.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A14A1CF0AD4775DC8FD14FCE3C739" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="449" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF0AD4705DC8FD14FCC0C771" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0AD4705DC8FD14FD05C6CC" bold="true" box="[205,681,654,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Diagnosis from other congeneric species.</emphasis>
The larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0AD4705E3CFD15FC7EC6CD" authorityName="Kjaerandsen &amp; Ito" authorityYear="2009" box="[825,978,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Microptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orienthula">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0AD4705E3CFD15FC7EC6CD" box="[825,978,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">M. orienthula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to that of a West Palearctic species,
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0AD4705DF0FD29FE62C6A9" authority="Ris" authorityName="Ris" authorityYear="1897" box="[245,462,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Microptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0AD4705DF0FD29FE0CC6A8" box="[245,416,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">M. minutissima</emphasis>
Ris
</taxonomicName>
, but can be discriminated from the latter by hair-like spines of thoracic dorsal plates; the hair-like spines are present on each of pro-, meso- and metanota in
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0AD4705E90FD4DFB9CC695" authorityName="Kjaerandsen &amp; Ito" authorityYear="2009" box="[917,1072,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Microptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orienthula">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0AD4705E90FD4DFB9CC695" box="[917,1072,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">M. orienthula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130B5BAFCF0AD4705945FD4DFB35C695" box="[1088,1177,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,195,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-33@2.[151,1436,181,1792]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Final instar larva of Microptila orienthula. 2A, thorax and abdominal segments I, II, dorsal; 2B, right half of thorax, dorsal, showing hair-like spines; 2C, right trochantin and foreleg, right lateral; 2D, modified setae of right foretibia, right lateral; 2E, right pleuron and right midleg, right lateral; 2F, right pleuron and right hind leg, right lateral; 2G, abdominal segments IXX, dorsal; 2H, right anal proleg and claw, right lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10063487/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
), but on pronotum and anterior half of mesonotum in
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0AD4705CE8FD61FCC4C771" authority="(Graf et al. 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Graf" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[493,872,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Microptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0AD4705CE8FD61FD35C770" box="[493,665,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">M. minutissima</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF0AD4705FADFD61FCCCC771" author="Graf, W. &amp; Waringer, J. &amp; Zika-Romer, J." box="[680,864,763,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" pagination="31 - 38" refId="ref1894" refString="Graf, W., Waringer, J. &amp; Zika-Romer, J. (2004) The larva of Microptila minutissima Ris, 1897 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). Aquatic Insects, 26, 31 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1076 / aqin. 26.1.31.35374" type="journal article" year="2004">
Graf
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0AD4705FE1FD61FCB9C771" box="[740,789,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4F17A2CF0AD4705D9DF8FAFE17C3A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063491" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10063491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10063491/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" startId="3.[152,255,1888,1912]" targetBox="[151,1436,813,1851]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF0AD4705D9DF8FAFE17C3A4" blockId="3.[151,1436,1888,1984]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0AD4705D9DF8FAFEB7C31C" bold="true" box="[152,283,1888,1912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Habitat, larva, and case of
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0AD4705F44F8FAFC8AC31C" box="[577,806,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0AD4705F44F8FAFC8EC31C" authorityName="Kjaerandsen &amp; Ito" authorityYear="2009" box="[577,802,1888,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Microptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orienthula">Microptila orienthula</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
3A, the hygropetric habitat in Akazawa, Shizuoka, Honshu, Japan; 3B, 3C, microhabitat of
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0AD4705CD7F81FFDF1C3F8" authorityName="Kjaerandsen &amp; Ito" authorityYear="2009" box="[466,605,1924,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Microptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orienthula">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0AD4705CD7F81FFDF1C3F8" box="[466,605,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">M. orienthula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(plant clusters enclosed by oval lines); 3D, case (left) and larva in case (right), left lateral; 3E, larva, left lateral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF0DD4775DC2FF0CFDF5C525" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775DC2FF0CFEC9C4D4" bold="true" box="[199,357,150,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Microhabitat</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130B5BAFCF0DD4775C77FF0DFE51C4D5" box="[370,509,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-310@3.[151,1436,813,1864]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitat, larva, and case of Microptila orienthula. 3A, the hygropetric habitat in Akazawa, Shizuoka, Honshu, Japan; 3B, 3C, microhabitat of M. orienthula (plant clusters enclosed by oval lines); 3D, case (left) and larva in case (right), left lateral; 3E, larva, left lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10063491/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Figs 3A3C</figureCitation>
). The
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775F38FF0DFD79C4D5" authorityName="Kjaerandsen &amp; Ito" authorityYear="2009" box="[573,725,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Microptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orienthula">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775F38FF0DFD79C4D5" box="[573,725,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">M. orienthula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae were studied in a hygropetric habitat,Akazawa,
<collectingRegion id="49F489C8CF0DD4775828FF0DFA34C4D5" box="[1325,1432,151,177]" country="Japan" name="Shizuoka" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Shizuoka</collectingRegion>
, Honshu,
<collectingCountry id="F32707BACF0DD4775DF9FF21FE90C4B1" box="[252,316,187,213]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Japan</collectingCountry>
(35.0386˚N, 138.2594˚E,
<quantity id="4CC8EACFCF0DD4775F66FF21FD06C4B1" box="[611,682,187,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" unit="m" value="140.0">140 m</quantity>
a.s.l.) on
<date id="FF8E61EACF0DD4775E1DFF21FC1BC4B1" box="[792,951,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" value="2023-04-14">14 April 2023</date>
. At this site,
<specimenCount id="9D368CA3CF0DD4775940FF20FB05C4B1" box="[1093,1193,186,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" type="male">85 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D368CA3CF0DD47759DAFF20FAF5C4B1" box="[1247,1369,186,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" type="female">25 females</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD477587BFF21FEA0C49D" authorityName="Kjaerandsen &amp; Ito" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Microptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orienthula">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD477587BFF21FEA0C49D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">M. orienthula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D368CA3CF0DD4775C1CFF44FE27C49D" box="[281,395,222,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" type="male">985 males</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775CAAFF45FCABC49D" authority="Iwata 1930" authorityName="Iwata" authorityYear="1930" box="[431,775,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Stactobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775CAAFF45FD2DC49C" box="[431,641,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Stactobia japonica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF0DD4775F8DFF45FCABC49D" author="Iwata, M." box="[648,775,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" pagination="59 - 66" refId="ref2296" refString="Iwata, M. (1930) Trichopterous larvae from Japan V. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 42, 59 - 66. [in Japanese with English resume]" type="journal article" year="1930">Iwata 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D368CA3CF0DD4775E17FF45FC2FC49D" box="[786,899,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" type="male">246 males</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775EA2FF45FA30C49D" authority="Botosaneanu &amp; Nozaki 1996" authorityName="Botosaneanu &amp; Nozaki" authorityYear="1996" box="[935,1436,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Stactobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775EA2FF45FBF8C49D" box="[935,1108,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">S. distinguenda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF0DD477595FFF45FA30C49D" author="Botosaneanu, L. &amp; Nozaki, T." box="[1114,1436,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" pagination="53 - 63" refId="ref1796" refString="Botosaneanu, L. &amp; Nozaki, T. (1996) Contributions to the knowledge of the genus Stactobia McLachlan, 1880 from Japan (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). Bulletin Zoologisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 15, 53 - 63." type="journal article" year="1996">Botosaneanu &amp; Nozaki 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and many unidentified females of
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775F11FE99FDD2C579" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1880" box="[532,638,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Stactobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775F11FE99FDD2C579" box="[532,638,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Stactobia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected with net sweeping efforts during 44 visits by Mr. Toshio Hattori during 20092013 (Ito in press).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF0DD4775DC2FED1FF4EC659" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775DC2FED1FE92C501" authorityName="Ris" authorityYear="1897" box="[199,318,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Microptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775DC2FED1FE92C501" box="[199,318,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Microptila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae were not found on bare, uncovered rock surfaces (where
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775922FED1FB3DC501" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1880" box="[1063,1169,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Stactobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775922FED1FB3DC501" box="[1063,1169,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Stactobia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupae and larvae were abundant; Ito in press, figs 1D, 1E) but rather in plant clusters composed of mosses and liverworts, sometimes accompanied by short grasses (
<figureCitation id="130B5BAFCF0DD4775CEFFE09FDDCC5C9" box="[490,624,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-310@3.[151,1436,813,1864]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitat, larva, and case of Microptila orienthula. 3A, the hygropetric habitat in Akazawa, Shizuoka, Honshu, Japan; 3B, 3C, microhabitat of M. orienthula (plant clusters enclosed by oval lines); 3D, case (left) and larva in case (right), left lateral; 3E, larva, left lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10063491/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Figs 3B, 3C</figureCitation>
, indicated by circles). Larvae of many caddisfly taxa, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD477580AFE09FF1BC5B5" class="Insecta" family="Rhyacophilidae" genus="Rhyacophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD477580AFE09FA31C5C9" box="[1295,1437,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Rhyacophila</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775DC9FE2DFE2EC5B5" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1836" box="[204,386,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyacophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rhyacophilidae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775C9EFE2DFDCCC5B5" box="[411,608,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Dolophilodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775C9EFE2DFD9EC5B5" box="[411,562,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Dolophilodes</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775F71FE2DFC86C5B5" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[628,810,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Philopotamidae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775E41FE2DFBA9C5B5" box="[836,1029,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Homoplectra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775E41FE2DFC74C5B5" box="[836,984,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Homoplectra</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD477591FFE2DFB74C5B5" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1835" box="[1050,1240,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydropsychidae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD47759F4FE2DFA30C5B5" box="[1265,1436,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Brachycentridae" genus="Micrasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD47759F4FE2DFAC3C5B4" box="[1265,1391,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Micrasema</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775D9AFE41FEF1C591" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1903" box="[159,349,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Brachycentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Brachycentridae</taxonomicName>
),
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775C76FE41FDA1C591" box="[371,525,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Helicophyche</emphasis>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775F4FFE41FCA7C591" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1906" box="[586,779,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Helicopsychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Helicopsychidae</taxonomicName>
), were also found in the plant clusters. Moreover, water mites, freshwater worms, freshwater crabs, and larvae of various stoneflies and midges were found among these plants.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF0DD4775DC2FDDDFCE3C739" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
Four hydroptilid genera,
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775CE6FDDDFD60C605" authority="Hagen 1887" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1887" box="[483,716,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Plethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775CE6FDDDFD9BC605" box="[483,567,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Plethus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF0DD4775F3AFDDDFD60C605" author="Hagen, H. A." box="[575,716,583,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" pagination="643 - 645" refId="ref1946" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1887) Uber Plethus cursitans. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wein, 37, 643 - 645." type="journal article" year="1887">Hagen 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775FDDFDDDFB8AC605" authority="Schmid 1958" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1958" box="[728,1062,582,609]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Pseudoxyethira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775FDDFDDDFC2AC605" box="[728,902,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Pseudoxyethira</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF0DD4775E88FDDDFB8AC605" author="Schmid, F." box="[909,1062,582,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" pagination="1 - 173" refId="ref2503" refString="Schmid, F. (1958) Trichopteres de Ceylan. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 54 (1 - 2), 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1958">Schmid 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775936FDDDFACBC605" authority="McLachlan 1880" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1880" box="[1075,1383,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Stactobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775936FDDDFB31C605" box="[1075,1181,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Stactobia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF0DD47759A0FDDDFACBC605" author="McLachlan, R." box="[1189,1383,583,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" pagination="501 - 523" refId="ref2384" refString="McLachlan, R. (1880) A Monographic Revision and Synopsis of the Trichoptera of the European Fauna. Part 9. John van Voorst, London, pp. 501 - 523 (with supplement, pp. xiii - lxxxiv), pls. 52 - 59." type="book chapter" year="1880">McLachlan 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775D92FDF1FEA2C6E1" authorityName="Ris" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,270,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Microptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775D92FDF1FEA2C6E1" box="[151,270,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Microptila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are found in waterfalls and hygropetric habitats in
<collectingCountry id="F32707BACF0DD4775E5FFDF1FC36C6E1" box="[858,922,619,645]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF0DD4775EACFDF1FBB4C6E1" author="Ito, T." box="[937,1048,619,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" pagination="104 - 112" refId="ref2067" refString="Ito, T. (2017 a) The genus Microptila Ris (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 4232 (1), 104 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4232.1.7" type="journal article" year="2017">Ito 2017a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF0DD4775920FDF1FBC2C6E1" author="Ito, T." box="[1061,1134,619,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" pagination="194 - 200" refId="ref2110" refString="Ito, T. (2017 b) The genus Pseudoxyethira Schmid (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 4319 (1), 194 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4319.1.12" type="journal article" year="2017">2017b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF0DD477597FFDF1FB6EC6E1" author="Ito, T." box="[1146,1218,619,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" pagination="201 - 233" refId="ref2153" refString="Ito, T. (2017 c) The genus Stactobia McLachlan (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 4350 (2), 201 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4350.2.1" type="journal article" year="2017">2017c</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF0DD47759CBFDF1FA3DC6E1" author="Ito, T. &amp; Saito, R." box="[1230,1425,619,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" pagination="466 - 476" refId="ref2242" refString="Ito, T. &amp; Saito, R. (2016) First record of Plethus Hagen (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) from Japan, with description of a species. Zootaxa, 4154 (4), 466 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4154.4.6" type="journal article" year="2016">Ito &amp; Saito 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Among them, the larvae and cases of
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775F37FD15FD2AC6CD" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1887" box="[562,646,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Plethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775F37FD15FD2AC6CD" box="[562,646,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Plethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775FBFFD15FC88C6CD" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1880" box="[698,804,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Stactobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775FBFFD15FC88C6CD" box="[698,804,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Stactobia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are depressed dorsoventrally and larvae live on bare rock surfaces (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF0DD4775C04FD29FEDCC6A9" author="Ito, T." box="[257,368,691,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" pagination="201 - 233" refId="ref2153" refString="Ito, T. (2017 c) The genus Stactobia McLachlan (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 4350 (2), 201 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4350.2.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Ito 2017c</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF0DD4775C7EFD29FD96C6A9" author="Ito, T. &amp; Saito, R." box="[379,570,691,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" pagination="466 - 476" refId="ref2242" refString="Ito, T. &amp; Saito, R. (2016) First record of Plethus Hagen (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) from Japan, with description of a species. Zootaxa, 4154 (4), 466 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4154.4.6" type="journal article" year="2016">Ito &amp; Saito 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Their flattened shapes are adapted for life on top of flattened hard substrates in running waters (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF0DD4775C73FD4DFDE0C695" author="Huryn, A. D. &amp; Wallace, J. B. &amp; Anderson, N. H." box="[374,588,727,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" pagination="55 - 103" refId="ref1972" refString="Huryn, A. D., Wallace, J. B. &amp; Anderson, N. H. (2008) Chapter 5. Habitat, life history, secondary production, and behavioral adaptations of aquatic insects. In: Merritt, R. W., Cummins, K. W. &amp; Berg, M. B. (Eds.), An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America, Fourth edition. Kendall / Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa, pp. 55 - 103." type="book chapter" year="2008">
Huryn
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775CCFFD4DFE53C695" box="[458,511,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
; table 9. A). On the other hand, the larva and case of
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD47759D1FD4DFA2EC695" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1958" box="[1236,1410,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Pseudoxyethira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD47759D1FD4DFA2EC695" box="[1236,1410,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Pseudoxyethira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is compressed laterally and larvae live among mosses in hygropetric habitats and waterfalls (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF0DD47759A6FD61FA3BC771" author="Cairns, A. &amp; Wells, A." box="[1187,1431,763,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" pagination="2609 - 2615" refId="ref1841" refString="Cairns, A. &amp; Wells, A. (2008) Contrasting modes of handling moss for feeding and case-building by the caddisfly Scelotrichia willcairnsi (Insecta: Trichoptera). Journal of Natural History, 42, 2609 - 2615. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930802354308" type="journal article" year="2008">Cairns &amp; Wells 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA13ADBCF0DD4775D92FC85FEABC75D" author="Ito, T." box="[151,263,799,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" pagination="104 - 112" refId="ref2067" refString="Ito, T. (2017 a) The genus Microptila Ris (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 4232 (1), 104 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4232.1.7" type="journal article" year="2017">Ito 2017a</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775C1CFC85FE3CC75D" authorityName="Ris" authorityYear="1897" box="[281,400,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Microptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775C1CFC85FE3CC75D" box="[281,400,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Microptila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the second genus known to inhabit plant clusters of hygropetric habitats and are similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C303CA9CF0DD4775D92FCD9FEE9C739" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,325,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Pseudoxyethira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775D92FCD9FEE9C739" box="[151,325,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Pseudoxyethira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their laterally compressed larvae and cases.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A14A1CF0DD4775DCBFCFCFD21C7AD" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF0DD4775DCBFCFCFC51C7E5" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[206,1021,870,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775DCBFCFCFEC4C7E4" bold="true" box="[206,360,870,896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F32707BACF0DD4775C6BFCFDFE02C7E5" box="[366,430,871,897]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49F489C8CF0DD4775CB8FCFDFD9CC7E5" box="[445,560,871,897]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yakushima).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF0DD4775DC2FC10FA35C7C1" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[199,1433,906,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775DC2FC10FE13C7C0" bold="true" box="[199,447,906,932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
<collectingRegion id="49F489C8CF0DD4775DC2FC10FEE9C7C0" box="[199,325,906,932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Specimens</collectingRegion>
examined
</emphasis>
.
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<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775CC8FC11FD2DC7C1" bold="true" box="[461,641,907,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
<collectingCountry id="F32707BACF0DD4775CC8FC11FDB4C7C1" box="[461,536,907,933]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Honshu
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="9D368CA3CF0DD4775F94FC11FD56C7C1" box="[657,762,907,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" type="larva">11 larvae</specimenCount>
, hygropetric habitat,
<location id="8EEF11F1CF0DD4775EE3FC11FBFDC7C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0399F63CCF09D4775D92F9E3FD21C7AD:8EEF11F1CF0DD4775EE3FC11FBFDC7C1" box="[998,1105,907,933]" country="Japan" name="Akazawa" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" stateProvince="Shizuoka">Akazawa</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F489C8CF0DD4775959FC11FB6BC7C1" box="[1116,1223,907,933]" country="Japan" name="Shizuoka" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Shizuoka</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FF8E61EACF0DD47759D7FC11FAE7C7C1" box="[1234,1355,907,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" value="2023-04-14">
<collectingDate id="EFCA9802CF0DD47759D7FC11FAE7C7C1" box="[1234,1355,907,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" value="2023-04-14">14.iv.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED21DFEFCF0DD4775850FC11FACBC7C1" box="[1365,1383,907,933]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">T</collectionCode>
. Ito
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F472ACF0DD4775DC2FC35FD21C7AD" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[199,653,943,969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
<emphasis id="B9449B38CF0DD4775DC2FC35FE2FC7AD" bold="true" box="[199,387,943,969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Japanese name.</emphasis>
Mikuro-hime-tobikera.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>