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<mods:title id="23183E673A08DB82486644A24EF7503C">Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA649F3A4E712107FBEBFEE6" authority="Magdefrau, 1937" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[546,1042,266,293]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA649F3A4E712107FCB9FEE6" bold="true" box="[546,832,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dendrina belemniticola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4F142106FBEBFEE6" author="Magdefrau" box="[839,1042,267,293]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler &quot; Bohr &quot; - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau, 1937</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA649F3A4EA42123FCC5FE8B" box="[759,828,302,328]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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(partim): 55, pl. IV, 
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(top individual = 
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA649F3A4CEE2186FD67FE66" authority="Hofmann, 1996: 73" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityPageNumber="73" authorityYear="1996" box="[189,670,395,421]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orbiculata">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA649F3A4CEE2186FE56FE66" box="[189,431,395,421]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dendrina orbiculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4DE52186FD67FE66" author="Hofmann" box="[438,670,395,421]" firstAuthor="Hofmann" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 151" refId="ref51480" refString="Hofmann K. 1996. Die mikro-endolithischen Spurenfossilien der borealen Oberkreide Nordwest- Europas und ihre Faziesbeziehungen. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Serie A 136: 1 - 151." type="journal article" year="1996">Hofmann, 1996: 73</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 7, 
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA649F3A4EBE2186FCB4FE66" box="[749,845,395,421]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionStartId-2="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionStartId-3="21.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetId-3="figure@21.[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="21" captionText-0="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany." captionText-3="Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">figs 1–4</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA649F3A4CEE21A3FE65FE0B" box="[189,412,430,456]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dendrina constans</emphasis>
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, pl. 7, figs 5–6, pl. 8, 
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA649F3A4FDB21A3FC10FE0B" box="[904,1001,430,456]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">figs 1–2</figureCitation>
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– 
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(partim): 470, pl. 30, figs 36–37 bottom individuals). — 
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A48FE21E5FA8BFDC0" author="Pictet" box="[1197,1394,488,515]" firstAuthor="Pictet" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref52512" refString="Pictet F. J. 1857. Traite de Paleontologie ou Histoire naturelle des Animaux fossiles consideres dans leurs Rapports zoologiques et geologiques. Vol. 4. J. - B. Bailliere et Fils, London." type="book" year="1857">Pictet 1857: 535</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. CX, fig. 2b. — 
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4D952206FD73FDE5" author="Radwanski" box="[454,650,523,550]" firstAuthor="Radwanski" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="257 - 264" refId="ref52912" refString="Radwanski A. 1972. Remarks on the nature of belemnicolid borings Dendrina. Acta Geologica Polonica 22: 257 - 264." type="journal article" year="1972">Radwański 1972</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(partim): 257, 
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA649F3A4F6F2206FC65FDE5" box="[828,924,523,550]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionStartId-2="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionStartId-3="21.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetId-3="figure@21.[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="21" captionText-0="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany." captionText-3="Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">figs 1–4</figureCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA649F3A4CEE2222FB60FDAF" blockId="18.[189,1399,488,1078]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Without name – 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4D2D2222FDCFFD8A" author="Quenstedt" box="[382,566,558,585]" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref52774" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1885 Handbuch der Petrefaktenkunde. Verlag der H. Laupp'schen Buchhandlung, Tubingen." type="book" year="1885">Quenstedt 1885</bibRefCitation>
(partim): 496, pl. 38, fig. 39 (unlabelled individual above trace labelled “r”). — 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4D18225FFE1EFDAF" author="Dacque" box="[331,487,594,620]" firstAuthor="Dacque" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref50003" refString="Dacque E. 1921. Vergleichende biologische Formenkunde der fossilen niederen Tiere. Borntraeger, Berlin." type="book" year="1921">Dacqué 1921</bibRefCitation>
(partim): 457, fig. 214 (reproduced from 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4F9C225FFB75FDAF" author="Quenstedt" box="[975,1164,594,620]" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref52753" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1849. Petrefaktenkunde Deutschlands - Die Cephalopoden. Ludwig Friedrich Fues, Tubingen, Germany." type="book" year="1849">Quenstedt 1849</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA649F3A4CEE2278FAF5FC0F" blockId="18.[189,1399,488,1078]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA649F3A4CEE2278FAF5FC0F" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA649F3A4CEE2278FE21FD4C" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[189,472,629,655]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA649F3A4CEE2278FE21FD4C" box="[189,472,629,655]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dendrina belemniticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA649F3A4DAF2278FD3DFD4C" box="[508,708,629,655]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4DAF2278FD3DFD4C" author="Hantzschel" box="[508,708,629,655]" firstAuthor="Hantzschel" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="177 - 245" refId="ref51308" refString="Hantzschel W. 1962. Trace fossils and problematica. In: Moore R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part W - Miscellanea: W 177 - 245. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="1962">Häntzschel 1962</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(partim): W230, fig. 144-2 (reproduced from 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A48A52278FED0FD71" author="Magdefrau" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler &quot; Bohr &quot; - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau 1937</bibRefCitation>
); 1975 (partim): W127, fig. 78-7 (reproduced from 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4F2F2295FBB8FD71" author="Magdefrau" box="[892,1089,664,690]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler &quot; Bohr &quot; - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau 1937</bibRefCitation>
). — 
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA649F3A482B2295FAF1FD71" box="[1144,1288,664,690]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A482B2295FAF1FD71" author="Nadjin" box="[1144,1288,664,690]" firstAuthor="Nadjin" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref52382" refString="Nadjin D. P. 1969. Morfologia i Paleobiologia Verkhnemelovykh Belemnitov. Moscow." type="book" year="1969">Nadjin 1969</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(partim): 138, fig. 53 (reproduced from 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4E1722B6FD06FD15" author="Quenstedt" box="[580,767,699,726]" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref52753" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1849. Petrefaktenkunde Deutschlands - Die Cephalopoden. Ludwig Friedrich Fues, Tubingen, Germany." type="book" year="1849">Quenstedt 1849</bibRefCitation>
), pl. III, fig. 7, pl. IV, 
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA649F3A4FA722B6FBCDFD15" box="[1012,1076,699,726]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">figs 1</figureCitation>
(top trace, reproduced from 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4CB922D2FE4AFD3A" author="Magdefrau" box="[234,435,735,761]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler &quot; Bohr &quot; - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau 1937</bibRefCitation>
). — 
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA649F3A4DBD22D2FD88FD3A" box="[494,625,735,761]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4DBD22D2FD88FD3A" author="Voigt" box="[494,625,735,761]" firstAuthor="Voigt" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="93 - 126" refId="ref54483" refString="Voigt E. 1972. Uber Talpina ramosa v. Hagenow 1840, ein wahrscheinlich zu den Phoronidea gehoriger Bohrorganismus aus der Oberen Kreide, nebst Bemerkungen zu den ubrigen bisher beschriebenen kretazischen &quot; Talpina &quot; - Arten. Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften II, Mathematischphysikalische Klasse 7: 93 - 126." type="journal article" year="1972">Voigt 1972</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(partim): 95, pl. 1, figs 3e, 6 (fig. 3e reproduced from 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A48AC22D2FED1FCDF" author="Quenstedt" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref52753" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1849. Petrefaktenkunde Deutschlands - Die Cephalopoden. Ludwig Friedrich Fues, Tubingen, Germany." type="book" year="1849">Quenstedt 1849</bibRefCitation>
), pl. 2, 
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA649F3A4DDE230FFE18FCDF" box="[397,481,770,796]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">figs 1d</figureCitation>
, (above trace labelled “T”) (
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA649F3A4F16230FFC7EFCDF" box="[837,903,770,796]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">fig. 1</figureCitation>
reproduced from 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4835230FFADCFCDF" author="Quenstedt" box="[1126,1317,770,796]" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref52753" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1849. Petrefaktenkunde Deutschlands - Die Cephalopoden. Ludwig Friedrich Fues, Tubingen, Germany." type="book" year="1849">Quenstedt 1849</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 6 reproduced from 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4DE62328FD89FC83" author="Quenstedt" box="[437,624,805,832]" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref52774" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1885 Handbuch der Petrefaktenkunde. Verlag der H. Laupp'schen Buchhandlung, Tubingen." type="book" year="1885">Quenstedt 1885</bibRefCitation>
), pl. 5, fig. 4. — 
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA649F3A4F672328FC32FC83" box="[820,971,805,832]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4F672328FC32FC83" author="Nestler" box="[820,971,805,832]" firstAuthor="Nestler" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref52397" refString="Nestler H. 1975. Die Fossilien der Rugener Schreibkreide. Die neue Brehm Bucherei 486. Ziemsen, Wittenberg Lutherstadt." type="book" year="1975">Nestler 1975</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(partim): 108, fig. 159b (reproduced from 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4D7F2345FE12FCA1" author="Quenstedt" box="[300,491,840,866]" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref52753" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1849. Petrefaktenkunde Deutschlands - Die Cephalopoden. Ludwig Friedrich Fues, Tubingen, Germany." type="book" year="1849">Quenstedt 1849</bibRefCitation>
). — 
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA649F3A4E7B2345FD33FCA1" box="[552,714,840,866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4E7B2345FD33FCA1" author="Schnick" box="[552,714,840,866]" firstAuthor="Schnick" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="109 - 124" refId="ref53173" refString="Schnick H. 1992. Zum Vorkommen der Bohrspur Hyellomorpha microdendritica Vogel, Golubic &amp; Brett im oberen Obermaastricht Mittelpolens. Zeitschrift fur Geologische Wissenschaften 20: 109 - 124." type="journal article" year="1992">Schnick 1992</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(partim): 112, pl. 3, figs 5–6, pl. 4, 
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA649F3A482F2345FB27FCA0" box="[1148,1246,840,867]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionStartId-2="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionStartId-3="21.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionStartId-4="25.[189,232,1718,1744]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetBox-4="[189,1401,995,1672]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetId-3="figure@21.[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetId-4="figure@25.[189,1401,995,1672]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="21" captionTargetPageId-4="25" captionText-0="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany." captionText-3="Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany." captionText-4="Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839868" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3839868/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">figs 1–5</figureCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA649F3A49412345FE3FFC45" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A49412345FE3FFC45" author="Reich &amp; Frenzel" firstAuthor="Reich" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="73 - 284" refId="ref52935" refString="Reich M. &amp; Frenzel P. 2002. Die Fauna und Flora der Rugener Schreibkreide (Maastrichtium, Ostsee). Archiv fur Geschiebekunde 3: 73 - 284." type="journal article" year="2002">Reich &amp; Frenzel 2002: 207</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 50, fig. 8. — 
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA649F3A4ECE2366FC89FC45" box="[669,880,875,902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4ECE2366FC89FC45" author="Schulz" box="[669,880,875,902]" firstAuthor="Schulz" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref53204" refString="Schulz W. 2003. Geologischer Fuhrer fur den norddeutschen Geschiebesammler. CW-Verlagsgruppe, Schwerin, Germany." type="book" year="2003">Schulz 2003: 391</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 9.10.71 (top centre). — 
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA649F3A489D2366FEF3FC6A" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A489D2366FEF3FC6A" author="Kost'ak" firstAuthor="Kost'ak" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref51968" refString="Kost'ak M. 2004. Short ichnofossil synopsis in Upper Cretaceous belemnite family Belemnitellidae from central and eastern Europe. In: Mikulas R. (ed.) Abstract Book, 4 th international bioerosion workshop, Prague, August 30 - September 3, 2004. Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague." type="book" year="2004">Košt’ák 2004: 32</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 5. — 
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA649F3A4DD52382FD7FFC6A" box="[390,646,911,937]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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(partim): 280, fig. 12. — 
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</treatmentCitation>
(partim): 18, fig. 23. — 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4CB923BFFDFCFC0F" author="Buatois" box="[234,517,946,972]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Buatois" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="102 - 181" refId="ref49743" refString="Buatois L. A., Wisshak M., Wilson M. A. &amp; Mangano M. G. 2017. Categories of architectural designs in trace fossils: A measure of ichnodisparity. Earth Science Reviews 164: 102 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. earscirev. 2016.08.009" type="journal article" year="2017">
Buatois 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA649F3A4D1823BEFE7FFC0F" box="[331,390,946,972]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
2017: 161
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 75A (
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). — 
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Wisshak 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA649F3A4FC623BEFC29FC0F" box="[917,976,946,972]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
2017: 131
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 3/1–3, 4/3.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA649F3A4CEE23DBFC6FFC2C" blockId="18.[189,1399,488,1078]" box="[189,918,981,1008]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Rosetten-Form D – 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4DF423D8FD09FC33" author="Hofmann &amp; Vogel" box="[423,752,981,1008]" firstAuthor="Hofmann" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="51 - 65" refId="ref51508" refString="Hofmann K. &amp; Vogel K. 1992. Endolithische Spurenfossilien in der Schreibkreide (Maastricht) von Rugen (Norddeutschland). Zeitschrift fur Geologische Wissenschaften 20: 51 - 65." type="journal article" year="1992">Hofmann &amp; Vogel 1992: 56</bibRefCitation>
, pl. III, fig. C.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA649F3A4CEE23F4FC54FBD1" blockId="18.[189,1399,488,1078]" box="[189,941,1016,1043]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Rosetten-Form E – 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4DF723F5FD14FBD0" author="Hofmann &amp; Vogel" box="[420,749,1016,1043]" firstAuthor="Hofmann" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="51 - 65" refId="ref51508" refString="Hofmann K. &amp; Vogel K. 1992. Endolithische Spurenfossilien in der Schreibkreide (Maastricht) von Rugen (Norddeutschland). Zeitschrift fur Geologische Wissenschaften 20: 51 - 65." type="journal article" year="1992">Hofmann &amp; Vogel 1992: 57</bibRefCitation>
, pl. V, figs A–B.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA649F3A4CEE2416FCDEFBF5" blockId="18.[189,1399,488,1078]" box="[189,807,1051,1078]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA649F3A4CEE2416FCDEFBF5" box="[189,807,1051,1078]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA649F3A4CEE2416FE56FBF6" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[189,431,1051,1077]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orbiculata">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA649F3A4CEE2416FE56FBF6" box="[189,431,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dendrina orbiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA649F3A4D9F2416FD65FBF5" box="[460,668,1051,1078]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4D9F2416FD65FBF5" author="Glaub" box="[460,668,1051,1078]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Glaub" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="368 - 381" refId="ref51061" refString="Glaub I., Golubic S., Gektidis M., Radtke G. &amp; Vogel K. 2007. Microborings and microbial endoliths: Geological implications. In: Miller III W. (ed.) Trace Fossils: Concepts, Problems, Prospects: 368 - 381. Elsevier, Amsterdam. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 044452949 - 7 / 50147 - 9" type="book chapter" year="2007">
Glaub 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA649F3A4E482411FDAFFBF6" box="[539,598,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
: fig. 21.4/2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA649F3A4CEE2458FC3EFA85" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA649F3A4CEE2458FE5BFBAC" blockId="18.[189,418,1109,1178]" box="[189,418,1109,1135]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="5B26B122BA649F3A4CEE2458FE5BFBAC" bold="true" box="[189,418,1109,1135]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA649F3A4CEE2458FE5BFBAC" bold="true" box="[189,418,1109,1135]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Original diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA649F3A4CEE248DFF19FB59" blockId="18.[189,418,1109,1178]" box="[189,224,1152,1178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">n/a</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA649F3A4CEE24B7FE56FB17" blockId="18.[189,1398,1210,1350]" box="[189,431,1210,1236]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="5B26B122BA649F3A4CEE24B7FE56FB17" bold="true" box="[189,431,1210,1236]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA649F3A4CEE24B7FE56FB17" bold="true" box="[189,431,1210,1236]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA649F3A4CEE24E8FC3EFA85" blockId="18.[189,1398,1210,1350]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rosette nearly circular in outline, with densely spaced galleries of relatively constant width and radiating from the centre, bi- and trifurcating at acute angles. Galleries anastomose readily where they meet, or coalesce to produce broad fused sections in the centre of the trace.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA649F3C4CEE2568FEABFE70" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA649F3A4CEE2568FE43FABC" blockId="18.[189,1399,1381,1556]" box="[189,442,1381,1407]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="5B26B122BA649F3A4CEE2568FE43FABC" bold="true" box="[189,442,1381,1407]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA649F3A4CEE2568FE43FABC" bold="true" box="[189,442,1381,1407]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Original description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA649F3A4CEE259DFB55F9D7" blockId="18.[189,1399,1381,1556]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Galleries form rosettes 
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in diameter, radiating from the centre of the rosette, thereby multiply branching in irregular intervals. Galleries are 
<quantity id="C729ABABBA649F3A4E8D25BEFC5DFA0E" box="[734,932,1459,1486]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="0.165" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.08">0.08 to 0.25 mm</quantity>
wide, run parallel to the surface of the rostrum, and neither penetrate deeper nor connect to the surface. The diameter of the galleries, measured vertically to the surface of the rostrum, is around 
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. [Translated from German]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA649F3A4CEE263EFDE8F98E" blockId="18.[189,1399,1587,2008]" box="[189,529,1587,1613]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA649F3A4CEE263EFDE8F98E" bold="true" box="[189,529,1587,1613]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Supplementary description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA649F3A4CEE2653FE92F9BA" author="Plewes" box="[189,363,1630,1657]" firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref52551" refString="Plewes C. R. 1996. Ichnotaxonomic Studies of Jurassic Endoliths. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK." type="book" year="1996">Plewes (1996)</bibRefCitation>
provided the following description: “Cast material of this ichnospecies shows that the rosettes are prostrate and remain the same thickness across the diameter of the trace. As rosettes become larger, the inner portions coalesce to become a single, flattened hole with an intricate outline and occasional open, elongate portions, remnants of the branches within the rosette. The width of the branches is relatively constant where the branches have not fused, with an average width of 
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(n = 9, SD = 50.19). Fine tubules from the branches lead to the surface. Diameter of the trace can be up to 
<quantity id="C729ABABBA649F3A4D56273CFE7EF88F" box="[261,391,1841,1868]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3 to 4 mm</quantity>
. Its thickness is approximately 
<quantity id="C729ABABBA649F3A4F57273CFC9BF88F" box="[772,866,1841,1868]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="140.0">140 µm</quantity>
to 
<quantity id="C729ABABBA649F3A4FDF273CFC14F88F" box="[908,1005,1841,1868]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
. Individual borings seem able to avoid other borings.” SEM investigations of epoxy casts by Hoffman (1996), for the junior synonyms 
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA649F3A4CEE2775FEA2F851" box="[189,347,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. orbiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA649F3A4DC62775FDD8F852" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[405,545,1912,1937]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="constans">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA649F3A4DC62775FDD8F852" box="[405,545,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. constans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, added the observations that the rosette is developed 
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below the substrate surface, is connected to the latter by rhizoidal appendages of 
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in diameter, and that there is often a radial slit-like incision developed to either side of the centre in many specimens. The proximal end of this slit is where the initial inlet tunnel connects to the trace, as exhibited, unmentioned, in both of Hofmann’s junior ichnospecies 
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA629F3C4E9A2123FCC2FE8B" box="[713,827,302,328]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
(see also 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA629F3C4FED2123FB91FE8A" author="Schnick" box="[958,1128,302,329]" firstAuthor="Schnick" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="109 - 124" refId="ref53173" refString="Schnick H. 1992. Zum Vorkommen der Bohrspur Hyellomorpha microdendritica Vogel, Golubic &amp; Brett im oberen Obermaastricht Mittelpolens. Zeitschrift fur Geologische Wissenschaften 20: 109 - 124." type="journal article" year="1992">Schnick 1992</bibRefCitation>
). The diameter of the rosette ranges from 
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(
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA629F3C4E14215FFD1BFEAF" author="Plewes" box="[583,738,338,364]" firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref52551" refString="Plewes C. R. 1996. Ichnotaxonomic Studies of Jurassic Endoliths. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK." type="book" year="1996">Plewes 1996</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA629F3C4EBC215FFC5BFEAF" author="Hofmann" box="[751,930,338,364]" firstAuthor="Hofmann" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 151" refId="ref51480" refString="Hofmann K. 1996. Die mikro-endolithischen Spurenfossilien der borealen Oberkreide Nordwest- Europas und ihre Faziesbeziehungen. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Serie A 136: 1 - 151." type="journal article" year="1996">Hofmann 1996</bibRefCitation>
, for junior synonyms 
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C48F5215EFABDFEAF" box="[1190,1348,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. orbiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA629F3C4CEE217BFEB0FE4C" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[189,329,374,399]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="constans">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C4CEE217BFEB0FE4C" box="[189,329,374,399]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. constans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); the maximum diameter of 
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, as given by 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA629F3C4FD52178FB99FE4C" author="Magdefrau" box="[902,1120,373,399]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler &quot; Bohr &quot; - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau (1937)</bibRefCitation>
, included specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA629F3C4CEE2194FEB2FE71" authorityName="dendrina (Morris" authorityYear="1851" baseAuthorityName="dendrina (Morris" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[189,331,408,434]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C4CEE2194FEB2FE71" box="[189,331,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="54AE56C6BA659F3B4CEE253CFE7EF862" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" targetBox="[189,1401,267,1277]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA659F3B4CEE253CFE7EF862" blockId="19.[189,1399,1329,1954]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4CEE253CFEF7FA88" bold="true" box="[189,270,1329,1355]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA659F3B4D4A253CFCE8FA88" authority="Magdefrau, 1937" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[281,785,1329,1355]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4D4A253CFDCCFA88" box="[281,565,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Dendrina belemniticola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA659F3B4E13253CFCE8FA88" author="Magdefrau" box="[576,785,1329,1355]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler &quot; Bohr &quot; - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4F73253CFCCCFA88" bold="true" box="[800,821,1329,1355]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA659F3B4D2C2558FDBBFAAD" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[383,578,1364,1390]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4D2C2558FDBBFAAD" box="[383,578,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. belemniticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(arrow; reproduced from 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA659F3B4F212559FBD6FAAD" author="Quenstedt" box="[882,1071,1364,1390]" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref52753" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1849. Petrefaktenkunde Deutschlands - Die Cephalopoden. Ludwig Friedrich Fues, Tubingen, Germany." type="book" year="1849">Quenstedt 1849</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4D00257AFE9EFA52" bold="true" box="[339,359,1399,1425]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
. Original amalgam, including 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA659F3B4EB92575FC4DFA52" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[746,948,1399,1425]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4EB92575FC4DFA52" box="[746,948,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. belemniticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(arrow; reproduced from 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA659F3B4953257AFF05FA76" author="Quenstedt" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref52774" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1885 Handbuch der Petrefaktenkunde. Verlag der H. Laupp'schen Buchhandlung, Tubingen." type="book" year="1885">Quenstedt 1885</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 38, fig. 39). 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4DE92597FE36FA77" bold="true" box="[442,463,1434,1460]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C</emphasis>
. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA659F3B4FDD2597FC07FA77" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[910,1022,1434,1460]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4FDD2597FC07FA77" box="[910,1022,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(reproduced from 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA659F3B48892597FA8AFA77" author="Plewes" box="[1242,1395,1434,1460]" firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref52551" refString="Plewes C. R. 1996. Ichnotaxonomic Studies of Jurassic Endoliths. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK." type="book" year="1996">Plewes 1996</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B48EA25B3FB37FA1B" bold="true" box="[1209,1230,1470,1496]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D</emphasis>
. Lectotype of 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA659F3B4CEE25EFFE6BFA38" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[189,402,1505,1531]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4CEE25EFFE6BFA38" box="[189,402,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. belemniticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA659F3B4D342609FDC0F9DD" author="Magdefrau" box="[359,569,1540,1566]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler &quot; Bohr &quot; - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau 1937</bibRefCitation>
: pl. IV, fig. 1). 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4F732609FCCDF9DD" bold="true" box="[800,820,1540,1566]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">E</emphasis>
. Holotype of junior synonym 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA659F3B489E2608FE71F982" authority="Hofmann, 1996" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1996" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orbiculata">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B489E2608FA8FF9DD" box="[1229,1398,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. orbiculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA659F3B4CEE262AFE71F982" author="Hofmann" box="[189,392,1575,1601]" firstAuthor="Hofmann" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 151" refId="ref51480" refString="Hofmann K. 1996. Die mikro-endolithischen Spurenfossilien der borealen Oberkreide Nordwest- Europas und ihre Faziesbeziehungen. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Serie A 136: 1 - 151." type="journal article" year="1996">Hofmann, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4D6C2646FEA8F9A6" bold="true" box="[319,337,1611,1637]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">F</emphasis>
. Paratype of junior synonym 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA659F3B4E8A2646FBB9F9A7" authority="Hofmann, 1996" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[729,1088,1610,1636]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="constans">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4E8A2646FC94F9A7" box="[729,877,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. constans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA659F3B4F2F2647FBB9F9A7" author="Hofmann" box="[892,1088,1610,1636]" firstAuthor="Hofmann" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 151" refId="ref51480" refString="Hofmann K. 1996. Die mikro-endolithischen Spurenfossilien der borealen Oberkreide Nordwest- Europas und ihre Faziesbeziehungen. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Serie A 136: 1 - 151." type="journal article" year="1996">Hofmann, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4F822660FC11F944" bold="true" box="[977,1000,1645,1671]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">G</emphasis>
. Holotype of junior synonym 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA659F3B4CEE269FFEA9F968" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[189,336,1682,1707]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="constans">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4CEE269FFEA9F968" box="[189,336,1682,1707]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. constans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA659F3B4E9626B8FC74F90D" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[709,909,1716,1742]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4E9626B8FC74F90D" box="[709,909,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. belemniticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B495A26DAFAD9F932" bold="true" box="[1289,1312,1751,1777]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H</emphasis>
. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA659F3B489E26F6FA96F8D7" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[1229,1391,1786,1812]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orbiculata">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B489E26F6FA96F8D7" box="[1229,1391,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. orbiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B48C42713FB5BF8FB" bold="true" box="[1175,1186,1822,1848]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">I</emphasis>
. Rarely observed overlap of 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA659F3B4D6E274FFDFBF898" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[317,514,1857,1883]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4D6E274FFDFBF898" box="[317,514,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. belemniticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4897274CFB2AF898" bold="true" box="[1220,1235,1857,1883]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">J</emphasis>
. Specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA659F3B4CEE2768FE79F8BD" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[189,384,1892,1918]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4CEE2768FE79F8BD" box="[189,384,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. belemniticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(left) next to a 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA659F3B4E622768FD47F8BD" authorityName="dendrina (Morris" authorityYear="1851" baseAuthorityName="dendrina (Morris" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[561,702,1892,1918]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA659F3B4E622768FD47F8BD" box="[561,702,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA629F3C4CEE21D7FDCFFC0A" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA629F3C4CEE21D7FD8AFE30" blockId="20.[189,627,473,500]" box="[189,627,473,500]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="5B26B122BA629F3C4CEE21D7FD8AFE30" bold="true" box="[189,627,473,500]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C4CEE21D7FD8AFE30" bold="true" box="[189,627,473,500]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA629F3C4CEE21D7FF03FE37" box="[189,250,474,500]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type</typeStatus>
material, locality and horizon
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA629F3C4CEE2205FDCFFC0A" blockId="20.[189,1399,520,969]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Until recently, all three belemnites of the original type material of 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA629F3C4FB72204FB52FDE1" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[996,1195,520,546]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C4FB72204FB52FDE1" box="[996,1195,520,546]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. belemniticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were considered lost and only the original plate negatives remained deposited in the collections of the Institut für Geowissenschaften und Geographie in Halle, 
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA629F3C4E882242FCB1FDAA" box="[731,840,591,617]" name="Germany" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="66C09E8BBA629F3C4F0A2242FC58FDAA" box="[857,929,591,617]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MLU</collectionCode>
. 
<date id="746F208EBA629F3C4FF62242FBE5FDAA" box="[933,1052,591,617]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1937-05">Mäg1937</date>
. 
<collectionCode id="66C09E8BBA629F3C48732242FBB8FDAA" box="[1056,1089,591,617]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">IV</collectionCode>
.1, 6 and 8). 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA629F3C489E2243FA8FFDAA" author="Plewes" box="[1229,1398,590,617]" firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref52551" refString="Plewes C. R. 1996. Ichnotaxonomic Studies of Jurassic Endoliths. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK." type="book" year="1996">Plewes (1996)</bibRefCitation>
consequently considered the individuals on Quenstedt’s original (
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA629F3C4F81227FFB6CFD4F" author="Quenstedt" box="[978,1173,626,652]" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref52753" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1849. Petrefaktenkunde Deutschlands - Die Cephalopoden. Ludwig Friedrich Fues, Tubingen, Germany." type="book" year="1849">Quenstedt 1849</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 30, fig. 36) as 
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA629F3C4CEE2298FED6FD6C" box="[189,303,661,687]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
(e.g., 
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA629F3C4D282298FE2DFD6C" box="[379,468,661,687]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
) – an invalid “ 
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA629F3C4ED72298FD1FFD6C" box="[644,742,661,687]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
” designation in an unpublished thesis. Fortunately, two of the types (corresponding to Mägdefrau’s pl. IV, 
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA629F3C4F4122B5FCAAFD11" box="[786,851,696,722]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">figs 1</figureCitation>
and 6) were rediscovered hidden among other belemnites in the systematic collection at Halle, making a 
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA629F3C4F2022D1FC29FD35" box="[883,976,732,758]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
designation unnecessary. However, because Mägdefrau’s material comprised specimens of both 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA629F3C4FCC22F2FB9EFCDB" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[927,1127,766,792]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C4FCC22F2FB9EFCDB" box="[927,1127,766,792]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. belemniticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA629F3C48FB22F2FAC0FCDB" authorityName="dendrina (Morris" authorityYear="1851" baseAuthorityName="dendrina (Morris" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[1192,1337,766,792]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C48FB22F2FAC0FCDB" box="[1192,1337,766,792]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and owing to the circumstance that he did not specify a 
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA629F3C4F5D232FFC81FCFF" box="[782,888,802,828]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, the upper specimen on his plate IV, 
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA629F3C494E232FFA8EFCFF" box="[1309,1399,802,828]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">figure 1</figureCitation>
(
<collectionCode id="66C09E8BBA629F3C4C962348FEF4FC9C" box="[197,269,837,863]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MLU</collectionCode>
. 
<date id="746F208EBA629F3C4D422348FE71FC9C" box="[273,392,837,863]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1937-05">Mäg1937</date>
. 
<collectionCode id="66C09E8BBA629F3C4DD82348FE55FC9C" box="[395,428,837,863]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">IV</collectionCode>
.1) is hereby formally designated as the 
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA629F3C4FC32348FC05FC9C" box="[912,1020,837,863]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA629F3C485C2348FB89FC9C" box="[1039,1136,837,863]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). The other specimen on this figure, as well as the specimens figured on Mägdefrau’s plate IV, figures 6 and 8, are within the morphological range of 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA629F3C4D8F2381FD92FC66" authorityName="dendrina (Morris" authorityYear="1851" baseAuthorityName="dendrina (Morris" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[476,619,907,933]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C4D8F2381FD92FC66" box="[476,619,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The 
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA629F3C4EE22386FCE4FC66" box="[689,797,907,933]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
is preserved in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, 
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA629F3C4D9023A2FDCBFC0A" box="[451,562,943,969]" name="Germany" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Germany</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA629F3C4CEE23FDFE29FAB3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA629F3C4CEE23FDFED6FBC9" blockId="20.[189,303,1008,1034]" box="[189,303,1008,1034]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="5B26B122BA629F3C4CEE23FDFED6FBC9" bold="true" box="[189,303,1008,1034]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C4CEE23FDFED6FBC9" bold="true" box="[189,303,1008,1034]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA629F3C4CEE2413FEE3FBBC" blockId="20.[189,1398,1054,1151]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
The original description actually represents an amalgam of 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA629F3C4FF42412FBC2FBFB" authorityName="dendrina (Morris" authorityYear="1851" baseAuthorityName="dendrina (Morris" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[935,1083,1054,1080]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C4FF42412FBC2FBFB" box="[935,1083,1054,1080]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA629F3C48D32412FAB3FBFB" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[1152,1354,1054,1080]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C48D32412FAB3FBFB" box="[1152,1354,1054,1080]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. belemniticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA629F3C4CEE244FFE6FFB9F" author="Magdefrau" box="[189,406,1090,1116]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler &quot; Bohr &quot; - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau (1937)</bibRefCitation>
did not have the methods at hand to study the minute connections to the substrate surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA629F3C4CEE24AAFE29FAB3" blockId="20.[189,1399,1190,1392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
In comparison to 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA629F3C4DD424AAFDEDFB03" authorityName="dendrina (Morris" authorityYear="1851" baseAuthorityName="dendrina (Morris" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[391,532,1190,1216]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C4DD424AAFDEDFB03" box="[391,532,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the rosette of 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA629F3C4EED24AAFC79FB03" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[702,896,1190,1216]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C4EED24AAFC79FB03" box="[702,896,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. belemniticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is always nearly circular in outline, and the more densely spaced galleries are less wide and have acute branching points, thus being more radially oriented. In addition, the fusion of galleries is very common, as are the resulting anastomoses, both rarely exhibited characters in 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA629F3C4E47251CFD59FAE9" authorityName="dendrina (Morris" authorityYear="1851" baseAuthorityName="dendrina (Morris" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[532,672,1296,1322]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C4E47251CFD59FAE9" box="[532,672,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The trace is commonly solitary and tiers are rarely developed. Distinction is complicated in the case of juvenile specimens or mature specimens with a relatively loose and unfused branching.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>