293 lines
41 KiB
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293 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="2D73A3F34A63DF48BEF669EE27CE4847" ID-CLB-Dataset="21907" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.390" ID-GBIF-Dataset="54438cfa-5f3a-4ee3-85c8-00e453a6d641" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839858" ID-ZooBank="4D1D1CA3-8345-4BA3-9C7C-5EBDD40752CE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590155668479" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Wisshak, Max" docDate="2017" docId="8878B758BA379F6B4E34231FFBB3FEAF" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-390.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 390" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pyritonema villosa Wisshak 2017, isp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="7441CF20BA769F284C53200DFFF9FFC3" masterDocTitle="Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="66" updateTime="1698840949990" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="9F14574CDA4D52E009F29C5AB1670481">Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="59F018E21F58F586A605104A6695CE16">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CEFB9C8B0B71FF5DBACB17561D697AF2">
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<mods:date id="17875C8E2B9C6820FFB90555A9A3F8E2">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="8878B758BA379F6B4E34231FFBB3FEAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853711" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164249292" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3853711" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA379F6B4E34231FFBB3FEAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8878B758BA379F6B4E34231FFBB3FEAF" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA379F694E34231FFB39FC92" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA379F694E34231FFC34FCEE" blockId="65.[374,1216,786,883]" box="[615,973,786,813]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<heading id="5B26B122BA379F694E34231FFC34FCEE" box="[615,973,786,813]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA379F694E34231FFC9AFCEE" authority="Wisshak, 2017" authorityName="Wisshak" authorityYear="2017" box="[615,867,786,813]" class="Hexactinellida" genus="Pyritonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="villosa" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA379F694E34231FFC9AFCEE" bold="true" box="[615,867,786,813]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Pyrodendrina villosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="29966727BA379F694F39231EFC34FCEE" box="[874,973,787,813]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">isp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA379F694D25233BFB39FC92" blockId="65.[374,1216,786,883]" box="[374,1216,822,849]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<uri id="74400A4CBA379F694D25233BFB39FC92" box="[374,1216,822,849]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="74773C9BBA379F694EC7233BFB39FC92" box="[660,1216,822,849]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">1365F057-8115-4FF7-9F0D-48E5C896CECA</uuid>
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</uri>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA379F694EA32354FCBAFCB0" box="[752,835,857,883]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="description">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA379F694EA32354FCBAFCB0" blockId="65.[374,1216,786,883]" box="[752,835,857,883]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA379F694EA32354FCBAFCB0" box="[752,835,857,883]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="67.[188,231,1645,1671]" captionTargetBox="[188,1400,417,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[188,1400,417,1609]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="Fig. 26. Pyrodendrina villosa isp. nov. A. Holotype in a Pleistocene skeleton of the coral Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) from Rhodes, Greece, prior to epoxy casting. B. SEM of same holotype in epoxy cast. C. Detail of holotype illustrating hairy ornamentation (collapsed to cast surface). D. Detail of central part of holotype, showing diagnostic vertically oriented protrusions. E. Numerous specimens in the same coral fragment as the holotype. F. Same type of traces in a Recent skeleton of Lophelia pertusa from Stjernsund, Norway. G. SEM of another specimen with an elongate overall morphology, found in a Pleistocene cold water coral from Rhodes, Greece. H. Specimen with a more rosette-shaped outline, found in a skeleton of the coral Keratoisis Wright, 1869 from the Pleistocene of Messina, Sicily. I. Transmission light micrograph of a specimen in a shell of the bivalve Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791) from Sula Reef, off Norway." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839911/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA379F6A4CEE2396FCBFFDFC" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA379F694CEE2396FCCBFC76" blockId="65.[189,818,923,955]" box="[189,818,923,955]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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Morfotipo B
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<subScript id="9C55040BBA379F694D0323A0FEA0FC78" attach="left" box="[336,345,941,955]" fontSize="6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">4</subScript>
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– (?)
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA379F694DCD2396FD7AFC76" author="Mayoral" box="[414,643,923,949]" firstAuthor="Mayoral" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="301 - 316" refId="ref52261" refString="Mayoral E. 1988. Microperforaciones (Tallophyta) sobre Bivalvia del Plioceno del Bajo Guadalquivir. Importancia paleoecologica. Estudios Geologicos 44: 301 - 316." type="journal article" year="1988">Mayoral 1988: 306</bibRefCitation>
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; pl. I, figs 6–7.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="54AE56C6BA379F694CED272CFC38F828" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839909" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839909/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" startId="65.[190,233,1825,1851]" targetBox="[189,1401,999,1792]" targetPageId="65">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA379F694CED272CFC38F828" blockId="65.[190,1400,1825,2028]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA379F694CED272CFEE3F8F8" bold="true" box="[190,282,1825,1851]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 25.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA379F694D72272CFDF2F8F8" box="[289,523,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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Pyrodendrina
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA379F694D99272CFDF2F8F8" box="[458,523,1825,1851]" class="Hexactinellida" genus="Pyritonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="belua" status="sp. nov.">belua</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="29966727BA379F694E40272CFD8CF8FF" box="[531,629,1825,1852]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">isp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA379F694E2F272CFD68F8F8" bold="true" box="[636,657,1825,1851]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">A</emphasis>
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. SEM planar view of holotype, surrounded by a carpet of other microborings in an epoxy cast prepared from a bivalve shell sampled from the Middle Pennsylvanian Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA.
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA379F694F5D276AFCBCF842" bold="true" box="[782,837,1895,1921]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">B–C</emphasis>
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. Lateral views of holotype illustrating vertically oriented galleries, parts of which bearing perpendicular side braches.
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA379F6948572786FBE0F866" bold="true" box="[1028,1049,1931,1957]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">D</emphasis>
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. Detail of terminal widening and spiny ornamentation.
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA379F694DAB27A3FDF5F80B" bold="true" box="[504,524,1966,1992]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">E</emphasis>
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. Detail of slender prostrate galleries with terminal swellings and typical branching pattern; an anastomosis is developed at the lower right.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE2106FCDAFEE5" blockId="66.[189,965,267,575]" box="[189,803,267,294]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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Sponge form II –
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA349F6A4DDE2106FD39FEE6" author="Wisshak" box="[397,704,267,294]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wisshak" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="979 - 1001" refId="ref55038" refString="Wisshak M., Freiwald A., Lundalv T. & Gektidis M. 2005 a. The physical niche of bathyal Lophelia pertusa in a non-bathyal setting: environmental controls and palaeoecological implications. In: Freiwald A. & Roberts J. M. (eds) Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems: 979 - 1001. Springer, Heidelberg. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 3 - 540 - 27673 - 4 _ 49" type="book chapter" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">
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Wisshak
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA349F6A4DAB2101FDCAFEE6" box="[504,563,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
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2005a: 991
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</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 7B.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE2122FCBEFE8A" blockId="66.[189,965,267,575]" box="[189,839,302,329]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA349F6A4CEE2122FE99FE8A" box="[189,352,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Semidendrina</emphasis>
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Form –
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA349F6A4D972123FD0EFE8A" author="Wisshak" box="[452,759,302,329]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wisshak" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="979 - 1001" refId="ref55038" refString="Wisshak M., Freiwald A., Lundalv T. & Gektidis M. 2005 a. The physical niche of bathyal Lophelia pertusa in a non-bathyal setting: environmental controls and palaeoecological implications. In: Freiwald A. & Roberts J. M. (eds) Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems: 979 - 1001. Springer, Heidelberg. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 3 - 540 - 27673 - 4 _ 49" type="book chapter" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">
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Wisshak
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA349F6A4E7C2122FD93FE8A" box="[559,618,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
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2005a: 993
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</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 9.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE215FFC81FEAF" blockId="66.[189,965,267,575]" box="[189,888,338,365]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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Foraminiferan trace –
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA349F6A4D91215FFD16FEAE" author="Forsterra" box="[450,751,338,365]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Forsterra" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="937 - 977" refId="ref50620" refString="Forsterra G., Beuck L., Haussermann V. & Freiwald A. 2005. Shallow-water Desmophyllum dianthus (Scleractinia) from Chile: characteristics of the biocoenoses, the bioeroding community, heterotrophic interactions and (paleo) - bathymetric implications. In: Freiwald A. & Roberts J. M. (eds) Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems: 937 - 977. Springer, Heidelberg. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 3 - 540 - 27673 - 4 _ 48" type="book chapter" year="2005">
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Försterra
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA349F6A4E67215EFD97FEAF" box="[564,622,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
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2005: 957
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</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 9D–H.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE2178FC96FE4C" blockId="66.[189,965,267,575]" box="[189,879,373,400]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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non-camerate radiating form –
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA349F6A4E792178FCE8FE4C" author="Bromley" box="[554,785,373,400]" firstAuthor="Bromley" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="895 - 914" refId="ref49402" refString="Bromley R. G. 2005. Preliminary study of bioerosion in the deep-water coral Lophelia, Pleistocene, Rhodes, Greece. In: Freiwald A. & Roberts J. M. (eds) Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems: 895 - 914. Springer, Heidelberg. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 3 - 540 - 27673 - 4 _ 46" type="book chapter" year="2005">Bromley 2005: 908</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 10.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE2195FCB7FE71" blockId="66.[189,965,267,575]" box="[189,846,408,435]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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Hirsute camerate form – (?)
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA349F6A4E592195FD08FE71" author="Bromley" box="[522,753,408,435]" firstAuthor="Bromley" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="895 - 914" refId="ref49402" refString="Bromley R. G. 2005. Preliminary study of bioerosion in the deep-water coral Lophelia, Pleistocene, Rhodes, Greece. In: Freiwald A. & Roberts J. M. (eds) Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems: 895 - 914. Springer, Heidelberg. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 3 - 540 - 27673 - 4 _ 46" type="book chapter" year="2005">Bromley 2005: 908</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 11.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE21B6FC6BFE16" blockId="66.[189,965,267,575]" box="[189,914,443,470]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA349F6A4CEE21B6FE99FE16" box="[189,352,443,469]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Semidendrina</emphasis>
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-form –
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA349F6A4D9321B6FD9FFE16" author="Wisshak M." box="[448,614,443,469]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref54817" refString="Wisshak M. 2006. High-Latitude Bioerosion: The Kosterfjord Experiment. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 109. Springer, Heidelberg. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 540 - 36849 - 6" type="book" year="2006">Wisshak 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
(partim): 91, fig. 29C–D.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE21D3FCEFFE3A" blockId="66.[189,965,267,575]" box="[189,790,478,505]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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Microsponge-form 2 –
|
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA349F6A4D9E21D3FD5AFE3A" author="Wisshak M." box="[461,675,478,505]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref54817" refString="Wisshak M. 2006. High-Latitude Bioerosion: The Kosterfjord Experiment. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 109. Springer, Heidelberg. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 540 - 36849 - 6" type="book" year="2006">Wisshak 2006: 84</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 28D.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE220FFC3CFDDF" blockId="66.[189,965,267,575]" box="[189,965,514,541]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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||
Foraminiferan Form –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA349F6A4D9A220FFD61FDDF" author="Beuck" box="[457,664,514,540]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Beuck" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="458 - 470" refId="ref49043" refString="Beuck L., Freiwald A. & Taviani M. 2010. Spatiotemporal bioerosion patterns in deep-water scleractinians from off Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulia, Ionian Sea). Deep-Sea Research II 57: 458 - 470. https: // doi. org / doi: 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2009.08.019" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Beuck
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA349F6A4E48220EFDAFFDDF" box="[539,598,514,540]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(partim): 467, fig. 8C–D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE2228FCBFFDFC" blockId="66.[189,965,267,575]" box="[189,838,547,575]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA349F6A4CEE2228FEB5FDFC" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1908" box="[189,332,549,575]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA349F6A4CEE2228FEB5FDFC" box="[189,332,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Clionolithes</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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isp. – (?)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA349F6A4D902228FD21FDFC" author="Pokorny & Stofik" box="[451,728,547,575]" firstAuthor="Pokorny" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref52625" refString="Pokorny R. & Stofik M. 2016. Evidence of bioerosive structures in Quaternary glaciomarine sediments from southwestern Iceland. Ichnos. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 10420940.2016.1260567" type="book" year="2016">Pokorný & Štofik 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig.
|
||
<specimenCount id="16D7CDC7BA349F6A4F422228FCBFFDFC" box="[785,838,549,575]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="generic">11L.</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA349F6A4CEE2252FB2DFD2D" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE2252FECFFDBA" blockId="66.[189,310,607,633]" box="[189,310,607,633]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA349F6A4CEE2252FECFFDBA" bold="true" box="[189,310,607,633]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA349F6A4CEE2252FECFFDBA" bold="true" box="[189,310,607,633]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE2280FB2DFD2D" blockId="66.[189,1399,653,750]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Central node of elongate to irregular shape located at shell surface as open channels, with branched and tapered galleries radiating from it, as well as shorter vertical tunnels penetrating deeper into the substrate. Gallery terminations blunt to tapered, ornamented with long, hairy protrusions.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA349F6A4CEE2318FAE4FC9D" box="[189,1309,789,862]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE2318FEBDFCEC" blockId="66.[189,324,789,815]" box="[189,324,789,815]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA349F6A4CEE2318FEBDFCEC" bold="true" box="[189,324,789,815]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA349F6A4CEE2318FEBDFCEC" bold="true" box="[189,324,789,815]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE2349FAE4FC9D" blockId="66.[189,1309,836,862]" box="[189,1309,836,862]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">From the Latin ‘villosus’, villous, a reflection of the irregular, furry ornamentation of this trace.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA349F6A4CEE2388FCFCFB9B" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE2388FD8AFC5C" blockId="66.[189,1399,901,1112]" box="[189,627,901,927]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA349F6A4CEE2388FD8AFC5C" bold="true" box="[189,627,901,927]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA349F6A4CEE2388FD8AFC5C" bold="true" box="[189,627,901,927]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Type material, locality and horizon</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE23BDFCFCFB9B" blockId="66.[189,1399,901,1112]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0B90C13BA349F6A4CEE23BDFCFCFB9B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2625219305" collectionCode="SMF" country="Greece" county="Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt" location="Lindos Bay Formation" municipality="Deposited" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" specimenCode="SMF XXX 866" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA349F6A4CEE23BDFED3FC09" box="[189,298,944,970]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA349F6A4D6F23BDFE6BFC08" box="[316,402,944,971]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="67.[188,231,1645,1671]" captionTargetBox="[188,1400,417,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[188,1400,417,1609]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="Fig. 26. Pyrodendrina villosa isp. nov. A. Holotype in a Pleistocene skeleton of the coral Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) from Rhodes, Greece, prior to epoxy casting. B. SEM of same holotype in epoxy cast. C. Detail of holotype illustrating hairy ornamentation (collapsed to cast surface). D. Detail of central part of holotype, showing diagnostic vertically oriented protrusions. E. Numerous specimens in the same coral fragment as the holotype. F. Same type of traces in a Recent skeleton of Lophelia pertusa from Stjernsund, Norway. G. SEM of another specimen with an elongate overall morphology, found in a Pleistocene cold water coral from Rhodes, Greece. H. Specimen with a more rosette-shaped outline, found in a skeleton of the coral Keratoisis Wright, 1869 from the Pleistocene of Messina, Sicily. I. Transmission light micrograph of a specimen in a shell of the bivalve Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791) from Sula Reef, off Norway." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839911/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D) and a number of additional specimens cast in epoxy from a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA349F6A48FE23BDFA8FFC09" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1197,1398,944,970]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pertusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA349F6A48FE23BDFA8FFC09" box="[1197,1398,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Lophelia pertusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coral skeleton from the
|
||
<location id="050E5095BA349F6A4D8223DEFD24FC2E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA379F6B4E34231FFBB3FEAF:050E5095BA349F6A4D8223DEFD24FC2E" box="[465,733,979,1006]" country="Greece" county="Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt" municipality="Deposited" name="Lindos Bay Formation" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Lindos Bay Formation</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="050E5095BA349F6A4EBB23DEFC34FC2E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA379F6B4E34231FFBB3FEAF:050E5095BA349F6A4EBB23DEFC34FC2E" box="[744,973,979,1005]" country="Greece" county="Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt" municipality="Deposited" name="Middle Pleistocene" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Middle Pleistocene</location>
|
||
, found at isolated hill one km SW of
|
||
<location id="050E5095BA349F6A4CEE23FBFEE8FBD3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA379F6B4E34231FFBB3FEAF:050E5095BA349F6A4CEE23FBFEE8FBD3" box="[189,273,1014,1040]" country="Greece" county="Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt" municipality="Deposited" name="Lardos" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Lardos</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="050E5095BA349F6A4D4E23FBFE81FBD3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA379F6B4E34231FFBB3FEAF:050E5095BA349F6A4D4E23FBFE81FBD3" box="[285,376,1014,1040]" country="Greece" county="Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt" municipality="Deposited" name="Rhodes" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Rhodes</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA349F6A4DD023FBFE23FBD3" box="[387,474,1014,1040]" name="Greece" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="050E5095BA349F6A4DB623FAFDF7FBD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA379F6B4E34231FFBB3FEAF:050E5095BA349F6A4DB623FAFDF7FBD2" box="[485,526,1015,1041]" country="Greece" county="Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt" municipality="Deposited" name="For" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">For</location>
|
||
further details concerning the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA349F6A4F2023FAFC5FFBD2" box="[883,934,1015,1041]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and its ichnological record, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA349F6A4CEE2414FE3FFBF7" author="Titschack" box="[189,454,1049,1076]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Titschack" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="15 - 33" refId="ref54007" refString="Titschack J., Joseph N., Fietzke J., Freiwald A. & Bromley R. G. 2013. Record of a tectonicallycontrolled regression captured by changes in carbonate skeletal associations on a structured island shelf (mid-Pleistocene, Rhodes, Greece). Sedimentary Geology 283: 15 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. sedgeo. 2012.11.001" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Titschack
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA349F6A4D652417FE88FBF0" box="[310,369,1049,1075]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA349F6A4E532414FD44FBF7" author="Wisshak M." box="[512,701,1049,1076]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="213 - 233" refId="ref54858" refString="Wisshak M. 2008. Two new dwarf Entobia ichnospecies in a diverse aphotic ichnocoenosis (Pleistocene / Rhodes, Greece). In: Wisshak M. & Tapanila L. (eds) Current Developments in Bioerosion: 213 - 233. Springer, Heidelberg. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 540 - 77598 - 0 _ 11" type="book chapter" year="2008">
|
||
<location id="050E5095BA349F6A4E532414FD9DFBF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA379F6B4E34231FFBB3FEAF:050E5095BA349F6A4E532414FD9DFBF0" box="[512,612,1049,1075]" country="Greece" county="Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt" municipality="Deposited" name="Wisshak" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Wisshak</location>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="E00A9C34BA349F6A4E9B2414FCC6FBF0" box="[712,831,1049,1075]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Deposited</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
in the trace fossil collection of the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="E90F7EC2BA349F6A48B32414FE4CFB94" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA349F6A4D932430FDD4FB94" box="[448,557,1085,1111]" name="Germany" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="5077AE35BA349F6A4E6E2430FD01FB9B" box="[573,760,1085,1112]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">SMF XXX 866</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA349F6A4CEE2473FBC8F8D2" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE2473FEB7FB5B" blockId="66.[189,334,1150,1176]" box="[189,334,1150,1176]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA349F6A4CEE2473FEB7FB5B" bold="true" box="[189,334,1150,1176]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA349F6A4CEE2473FEB7FB5B" bold="true" box="[189,334,1150,1176]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE24A0FDAAF989" blockId="66.[189,1399,1197,1610]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The irregularly-shaped and branched central cavity of this large
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA349F6A4FF224A0FBBAFB04" box="[929,1091,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Pyrodendrina</emphasis>
|
||
ichnospecies is developed as system of open channels at the substrate surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA349F6A4F4C24DDFC72FB29" box="[799,907,1232,1258]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="67.[188,231,1645,1671]" captionTargetBox="[188,1400,417,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[188,1400,417,1609]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="Fig. 26. Pyrodendrina villosa isp. nov. A. Holotype in a Pleistocene skeleton of the coral Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) from Rhodes, Greece, prior to epoxy casting. B. SEM of same holotype in epoxy cast. C. Detail of holotype illustrating hairy ornamentation (collapsed to cast surface). D. Detail of central part of holotype, showing diagnostic vertically oriented protrusions. E. Numerous specimens in the same coral fragment as the holotype. F. Same type of traces in a Recent skeleton of Lophelia pertusa from Stjernsund, Norway. G. SEM of another specimen with an elongate overall morphology, found in a Pleistocene cold water coral from Rhodes, Greece. H. Specimen with a more rosette-shaped outline, found in a skeleton of the coral Keratoisis Wright, 1869 from the Pleistocene of Messina, Sicily. I. Transmission light micrograph of a specimen in a shell of the bivalve Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791) from Sula Reef, off Norway." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839911/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
|
||
, E–F), while side branches radiating from it may run as tunnels closely parallel to and below the surface. The true extent of the open channels may be uncertain due to collapse of the thin roof of the trace, particularly in taphonomically advanced stages. Anastomoses are rare. The overall outline of the trace may be elongate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA349F6A48632534FB66FA97" box="[1072,1183,1337,1364]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="67.[188,231,1645,1671]" captionTargetBox="[188,1400,417,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[188,1400,417,1609]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="Fig. 26. Pyrodendrina villosa isp. nov. A. Holotype in a Pleistocene skeleton of the coral Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) from Rhodes, Greece, prior to epoxy casting. B. SEM of same holotype in epoxy cast. C. Detail of holotype illustrating hairy ornamentation (collapsed to cast surface). D. Detail of central part of holotype, showing diagnostic vertically oriented protrusions. E. Numerous specimens in the same coral fragment as the holotype. F. Same type of traces in a Recent skeleton of Lophelia pertusa from Stjernsund, Norway. G. SEM of another specimen with an elongate overall morphology, found in a Pleistocene cold water coral from Rhodes, Greece. H. Specimen with a more rosette-shaped outline, found in a skeleton of the coral Keratoisis Wright, 1869 from the Pleistocene of Messina, Sicily. I. Transmission light micrograph of a specimen in a shell of the bivalve Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791) from Sula Reef, off Norway." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839911/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 26G</figureCitation>
|
||
) to more rosetted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA349F6A4C952550FEE0FAB4" box="[198,281,1373,1399]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="67.[188,231,1645,1671]" captionTargetBox="[188,1400,417,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[188,1400,417,1609]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="Fig. 26. Pyrodendrina villosa isp. nov. A. Holotype in a Pleistocene skeleton of the coral Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) from Rhodes, Greece, prior to epoxy casting. B. SEM of same holotype in epoxy cast. C. Detail of holotype illustrating hairy ornamentation (collapsed to cast surface). D. Detail of central part of holotype, showing diagnostic vertically oriented protrusions. E. Numerous specimens in the same coral fragment as the holotype. F. Same type of traces in a Recent skeleton of Lophelia pertusa from Stjernsund, Norway. G. SEM of another specimen with an elongate overall morphology, found in a Pleistocene cold water coral from Rhodes, Greece. H. Specimen with a more rosette-shaped outline, found in a skeleton of the coral Keratoisis Wright, 1869 from the Pleistocene of Messina, Sicily. I. Transmission light micrograph of a specimen in a shell of the bivalve Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791) from Sula Reef, off Norway." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839911/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
H–I), and the number of lateral branches varies strongly. The cross section of the side branches varies from circular to horizontal flattened or vertically condensed. Gallery terminations are either blunt or tapered. Along the entire central node and the radiating branches, vertically oriented projections may reach deeper into the substrate and taper (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA349F6A4EBC25CBFC7CFA23" box="[751,901,1478,1504]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="67.[188,231,1645,1671]" captionTargetBox="[188,1400,417,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[188,1400,417,1609]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="Fig. 26. Pyrodendrina villosa isp. nov. A. Holotype in a Pleistocene skeleton of the coral Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) from Rhodes, Greece, prior to epoxy casting. B. SEM of same holotype in epoxy cast. C. Detail of holotype illustrating hairy ornamentation (collapsed to cast surface). D. Detail of central part of holotype, showing diagnostic vertically oriented protrusions. E. Numerous specimens in the same coral fragment as the holotype. F. Same type of traces in a Recent skeleton of Lophelia pertusa from Stjernsund, Norway. G. SEM of another specimen with an elongate overall morphology, found in a Pleistocene cold water coral from Rhodes, Greece. H. Specimen with a more rosette-shaped outline, found in a skeleton of the coral Keratoisis Wright, 1869 from the Pleistocene of Messina, Sicily. I. Transmission light micrograph of a specimen in a shell of the bivalve Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791) from Sula Reef, off Norway." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839911/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 26D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). A multitude of spiny protrusions extend deeper into the substrate or form a horizontal extension or contact to the substrate surface in the case of prostrate cavities (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA349F6A4DC62600FDE0F9E4" box="[405,537,1549,1575]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="67.[188,231,1645,1671]" captionTargetBox="[188,1400,417,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[188,1400,417,1609]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="Fig. 26. Pyrodendrina villosa isp. nov. A. Holotype in a Pleistocene skeleton of the coral Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) from Rhodes, Greece, prior to epoxy casting. B. SEM of same holotype in epoxy cast. C. Detail of holotype illustrating hairy ornamentation (collapsed to cast surface). D. Detail of central part of holotype, showing diagnostic vertically oriented protrusions. E. Numerous specimens in the same coral fragment as the holotype. F. Same type of traces in a Recent skeleton of Lophelia pertusa from Stjernsund, Norway. G. SEM of another specimen with an elongate overall morphology, found in a Pleistocene cold water coral from Rhodes, Greece. H. Specimen with a more rosette-shaped outline, found in a skeleton of the coral Keratoisis Wright, 1869 from the Pleistocene of Messina, Sicily. I. Transmission light micrograph of a specimen in a shell of the bivalve Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791) from Sula Reef, off Norway." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839911/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 26C, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apart from the hairy ornament, the surface texture is irregularly bulged and in some cases weakly cuspate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE2667FBC8F8D2" blockId="66.[189,1399,1642,1809]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Trace diameters measured from epoxy casts of
|
||
<specimenCount id="16D7CDC7BA349F6A4EB62667FC7AF947" box="[741,899,1642,1668]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="generic">18 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from various localities (see below) yield a maximum length of the trace ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA349F6A4EE12680FC80F964" box="[690,889,1677,1703]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4755" metricValueMax="3.844" metricValueMin="1.107" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="2475.5" valueMax="3844.0" valueMin="1107.0">1107 to 3844 µm</quantity>
|
||
(mean = 2461 ±
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA349F6A486E2680FB62F964" box="[1085,1179,1677,1704]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.59" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="759.0">759 µm</quantity>
|
||
; measured without peripheral spiny protrusions), and a maximum width of
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA349F6A4F3226BDFBCBF908" box="[865,1074,1712,1739]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6969999999999998" metricValueMax="2.3890000000000002" metricValueMin="1.0050000000000001" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="1697.0" valueMax="2389.0" valueMin="1005.0">
|
||
<date id="746F208EBA349F6A4F3226BDFBF8F909" box="[865,1025,1712,1739]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1005" valueMax="2389">1005 to 2389</date>
|
||
µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(mean = 1601 ±
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA349F6A495B26BDFA93F908" box="[1288,1386,1712,1739]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.779999999999999" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="478.0">478 µm</quantity>
|
||
). Radiating galleries have diameters of
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA349F6A4E2026DEFCF7F92D" box="[627,782,1747,1774]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.45" metricValueMin="0.35" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="140.0" valueMax="245.0" valueMin="35.0">35 to 245 µm</quantity>
|
||
(mean = 99 ±
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA349F6A4FE726DEFBFAF92D" box="[948,1027,1747,1774]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="37.0">37 µm</quantity>
|
||
; n = 160). The maximum length of the spiny protrusions ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA349F6A4E3D26FAFCF4F8D2" box="[622,781,1783,1809]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.375" metricValueMax="3.92" metricValueMin="0.83" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="237.5" valueMax="392.0" valueMin="83.0">83 to 392 µm</quantity>
|
||
(mean = 240 ±
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA349F6A4F9426FAFBDDF8D2" box="[967,1060,1783,1809]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="111.0">111 µm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA349F6B4CEE2735FBB3FEAF" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE2735FED6F891" blockId="66.[189,1398,1848,2022]" box="[189,303,1848,1874]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA349F6A4CEE2735FED6F891" bold="true" box="[189,303,1848,1874]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA349F6A4CEE2735FED6F891" bold="true" box="[189,303,1848,1874]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA349F6A4CEE276EFD77F825" blockId="66.[189,1398,1848,2022]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Additional material was investigated from Miocene bivalves from SE Australia, Pleistocene cold water corals sampled in Messina, Sicily, Recent cold water coral reef sites such as Stjernsund and Sula Reef (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA349F6A4C9627A4FED0F800" box="[197,297,1961,1987]" name="Norway" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Säcken Reef (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA349F6A4DBB27A4FDB2F807" box="[488,587,1961,1988]" name="Sweden" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
), reefs off Santa Maria di Leuca (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA349F6A4FB727A4FBE6F807" box="[996,1055,1961,1988]" name="Italy" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and from a subfossil arctic bivalve shell sampled off SW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA349F6A4E4D27C1FD73F825" box="[542,650,1996,2022]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA359F6B4CEE2106FBB3FEAF" blockId="67.[189,1399,267,364]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
This large ichnospecies of
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA359F6B4E572106FD5FFEE6" box="[516,678,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Pyrodendrina</emphasis>
|
||
is distinguished from other members of the ichnogenus by its development of open channels and by the particularly pronounced spiny surface texture. It has the shortest vertical galleries in relation to the dimension of the horizontal cavity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |