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<document id="009512BD0F03A732F912F2D98098A986" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13210005" ID-ZooBank="C7F7E7D5-6F6E-49C8-AF31-9B769EC8B56C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722788280951" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Orr, Albert G. W., Dow, Rory A. &amp; Steinhoff, Philip O. M." docDate="2024" docId="0393879EFFCFFFCFDBF74EB3FDA67DF0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5486.2.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5486 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Libellago hyalina" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="327" masterDocId="FFAAFFE6FFD8FFD5DB60480DFF897815" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of larvae of four mainly DNA barcode-matched species of chlorocyphids from south-east Asia (Odonata: Chlorocyphidae) with notes on the generic and species level larval identification of Oriental region members of the family." masterLastPageNumber="337" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="324" updateTime="1722788985873" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="60D90CC2951B3DAC2A4E6BC45C42C0D8">
<mods:title id="6F060EFA170C2756458D2B69A59CF0E3">Descriptions of larvae of four mainly DNA barcode-matched species of chlorocyphids from south-east Asia (Odonata: Chlorocyphidae) with notes on the generic and species level larval identification of Oriental region members of the family.</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6187CC376B2C54D6B03F2B8F9C0631A6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="BAEDDD10A89A5ACA6A59FC05B4D8B0E1">Orr, Albert G. W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="93B2442D4523620A19D30866956507A2">Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3603EAFAECC88733205236AD564C5345">Dow, Rory A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="277607B3FEC8A396396BB54B02C311BB">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. &amp; Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6D95E4435ED7C5283A3E355E199E39DA">Steinhoff, Philip O. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="284B0FAD9BD476762159217FE7BF6FE2">Höxter, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="08F6C537C9789FCD3FF168ECF4394C8B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="39D740413506DAAF1D97997BCBB3F537">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9897269AB56E7C6263016AA102B94B7F">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1B01CB8EDBCFF3E0652D0464CE163B8E">5486</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0393879EFFCFFFCFDBF74EB3FDA67DF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393879EFFCFFFCFDBF74EB3FDA67DF0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393879EFFCFFFCFDBF74EB3FDA67DF0" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
<subSubSection id="C3206503FFCFFFC2DBF74EB3FE4F7ECD" box="[151,454,1726,1753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B853688FFCFFFC2DBF74EB3FE4F7ECD" blockId="23.[151,899,1726,1789]" box="[151,454,1726,1753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
<heading id="D0CD81E4FFCFFFC2DBF74EB3FE4F7ECD" bold="true" box="[151,454,1726,1753]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFCFFFC2DBF74EB3FE4F7ECD" ID-CoL="6PWR4" authority="(Selys)" baseAuthorityName="Selys" box="[151,454,1726,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFCFFFC2DBF74EB3FE4F7ECD" bold="true" box="[151,454,1726,1753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFCFFFC2DBF74EB3FEE57ECC" bold="true" box="[151,364,1726,1753]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Libellago hyalina</emphasis>
(Selys)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3206503FFCFFFC2DBF74EEFFC0A7EE9" box="[151,899,1762,1789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B853688FFCFFFC2DBF74EEFFC0A7EE9" blockId="23.[151,899,1726,1789]" box="[151,899,1762,1789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
(
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFCFFFC2DBFF4EEFFF7F7EE9" box="[159,246,1762,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[302,1377,197,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[172,1416,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habitus of (a) Heliocypha biseriata, (b) Aristocypha fenestrella, (c) Sundacypha petiolata, (d) Libellago hyalina. Markings shown only on legs and antennae. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210013/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Figs 4d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFCFFFC2DA624EEFFEA97EE8" box="[258,288,1762,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[206,1300,192,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-22@8.[196,1391,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Detail of heads, antennae and prothoraces of: (a) Heliocypha biseriata, (b) Aristocypha fenestrella, (c) Sundacypha petiolata, (d) Libellago hyalina. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210015/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">5d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFCFFFC2DA4C4EEFFEC37EE9" box="[300,330,1762,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[228,1386,186,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-22@10.[155,1433,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Left lateral view of head (left) and ventral view of genae showing spines (right): (a) Heliocypha biseriata, (b) Aristocypha fenestrella, (c) Sundacypha petiolata, (d) Libellago hyalina. Scale bars left side, 1 mm; right side 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210019/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">7d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFCFFFC2DA364EEFFEFA7EE9" box="[342,371,1762,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1675,1699]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,215,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1436,181,1652]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ventral view of head with mask at rest and anterior two thoracic segments in ventral view: (a) Heliocypha biseriata, (b) Aristocypha fenestrella, (c) Sundacypha petiolata, (d) Libellago hyalina. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210021/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">8d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFCFFFC2DAE04EEFFE177EE9" box="[384,414,1762,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[244,1341,217,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[155,1433,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Prementum in dorsal view: (a) Heliocypha biseriata, (b) Aristocypha fenestrella, (c) Sundacypha petiolata, (d) Libellago hyalina, (e) Libellago lineata. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210023/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">9d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFCFFFC2DACA4EEFFD827EE9" box="[426,523,1762,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[155,1433,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Details of anterior prementum and labial palp in dorsal view (base of movable hook dotted to reveal details of palpal lobe below): (a) Aristocypha fenestrella, (b) Sundacypha petiolata, (c) Libellago hyalina. Scale bar 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210027/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">11c, d, h</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFCFFFC2D9774EEFFDDB7EE9" box="[535,594,1762,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1392,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-22@22.[193,1394,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 14. Mandibles in ventral view: (a) Aristocypha fenestrella R, (b) A. fenestrella L; (c) Sundacypha petiolata R, (d) S. petiolata L; (e) Libellago hyalina R, (f) L. hyalina L. R &amp; L signify right and left below, scale bar 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210033/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">14e,f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFCFFFC2D93E4EEFFD287EE8" box="[606,673,1762,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[198,1381,260,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[164,1423,181,1524]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15. Mandibles in interior view: (a) Aristocypha fenestrella L, (b) A. fenestrella R (rotated slightly outward to expose part of venter); (c) Sundacypha petiolata L, (d) S. petiolata R; (e) Libellago hyalina L, (f) L. hyalina R. R &amp; L signify right and left below, scale bar 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210035/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">15f, g</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFCFFFC2D9CD4EEFFD7B7EE8" box="[685,754,1762,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[158,1439,262,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-44@24.[149,1439,237,1940]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Female gonapophyses and terminal abdominal segments in ventral view: (a) H. biseriata, (b) S. petiolata, (c) L. hyalina, and in lateral view: (d) H. biseriata, (e) L. hyalina, (f) S. petiolata. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210037/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">16c, e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFCFFFC2D99E4EEFFCCC7EE9" box="[766,837,1762,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,190,1546]" captionTargetId="figure-18@25.[151,1436,181,1601]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 17. Male gonapophyses and terminal abdominal segments in ventral view: (a) A. fenestrella, (b) S. petiolata, (c) L. hyalina, and in lateral view: (d) L. hyalina. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210039/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">17c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFCFFFC2D8314EEFFCF27EE9" box="[849,891,1762,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1381,197,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-18@27.[189,1399,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 18. Caudal spikes scaled in proportion to overall body length: (a) H. biseriata, (b) A. fenstrella, (c) S. petiolata, (d) L. hyalina. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210041/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">18d</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3206503FFCFFFCFDBF74F27FD997CB4" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFCFFFC2DBF74F27FEF67F51" bold="true" box="[151,383,1834,1860]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B523CD5FFCFFFC2DAE44F27FDD67F50" box="[388,607,1834,1861]" country="Malaysia" location="MALAYSIA" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCountry id="F32D7618FFCFFFC2DAE44F27FD917F51" box="[388,536,1834,1860]" name="Malaysia" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">MALAYSIA</collectingCountry>
,
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD01FFCFFFC2D9414F27FDC07F50" box="[545,585,1834,1861]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
F
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B523CD5FFCFFFC2D9084F27FC4D7F99" collectingDate="2008-01-07" collectingDateMax="2008-01-15" collectingDateMin="2008-01-07" collectionCode="RMNH, INS" collectorName="S. G. Butler." country="Malaysia" latitude="4.0506" location="Gunong Mulu National Park" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="114.8148" municipality="Miri Division" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD01FFCFFFC2D9084F27FD197F50" box="[616,656,1834,1861]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
F (
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE4DFFCFFFC2D9D24F27FC857F51" box="[690,780,1834,1860]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE4DFFCFFFC2D86F4F27FCB47F51" box="[783,829,1834,1860]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">INS</collectionCode>
.229046,
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE4DFFCFFFC2D8C34F27FC747F51" box="[931,1021,1834,1860]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE4DFFCFFFC2DF604F27FBA77F51" box="[1024,1070,1834,1860]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">INS</collectionCode>
.229063), small stream in alluvial forest, park headquarters area,
<location id="8EE56053FFCFFFC2DA8E4F43FCA77F7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393879EFFCFFFCFDBF74EB3FDA67DF0:8EE56053FFCFFFC2DA8E4F43FCA77F7D" box="[494,814,1870,1896]" country="Malaysia" latitude="4.0506" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="114.8148" municipality="Miri Division" name="Gunong Mulu National Park" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Gunong Mulu National Park</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE1ACF2FFCFFFC2D8594F43FC5D7F7D" box="[825,980,1870,1896]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Miri Division</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D7618FFCFFFC2D8BF4F43FBCB7F7D" box="[991,1090,1870,1896]" name="Malaysia" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E504FFFCFFFC2DFDB4F43FABE7F7D" box="[1211,1335,1870,1896]" degrees="114.8148" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" precision="5" value="114.8148">114.8148E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF841048FFCFFFC2DE224F42FA157F7D" box="[1346,1436,1870,1897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" value="2008-01-07">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E9A0FFCFFFC2DE224F42FA157F7D" box="[1346,1436,1870,1897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" value="2008-01-07">7 i 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE4DFFCFFFC2DBFF4F7FFF707F99" box="[159,249,1906,1932]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE4DFFCFFFC2DB9D4F7FFEA27F99" box="[253,299,1906,1932]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">INS</collectionCode>
.229046),
<date id="FF841048FFCFFFC2DAFB4F7FFD8D7F99" box="[411,516,1906,1933]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" value="2008-01-15">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E9A0FFCFFFC2DAFB4F7FFD8D7F99" box="[411,516,1906,1933]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" value="2008-01-15">15 i 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE4DFFCFFFC2D9734F7FFDE77F99" box="[531,622,1906,1932]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE4DFFCFFFC2D9114F7FFD167F99" box="[625,671,1906,1932]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">INS</collectionCode>
.229063), leg.
<collectorName id="26CF535EFFCFFFC2D85F4F7FFC4D7F99" box="[831,964,1906,1932]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">S.G. Butler.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B523CD5FFCFFFC2D8AA4F7EFBC87FA5" collectingDate="1995-05-23" collectorName="Sg. Badas &amp; A. G. Orr" country="Brunei" latitude="4.57124" location="BRUNEI" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="114.42616" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCountry id="F32D7618FFCFFFC2D8AA4F7EFBBC7F98" box="[970,1077,1907,1933]" name="Brunei" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">BRUNEI</collectingCountry>
,
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD01FFCFFFC2DF204F7FFBE37F98" box="[1088,1130,1906,1933]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
F, supposition, in runnel in peat swamp forest near
<collectorName id="26CF535EFFCFFFC2DAC14F9BFD9D7FA5" box="[417,532,1942,1968]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Sg. Badas</collectorName>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E504FFFCFFFC2D97F4F9BFD187FA4" box="[543,657,1942,1969]" degrees="4.57124" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" precision="1" value="4.57124">4.57124N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E504FFFCFFFC2D9FC4F9BFCAF7FA5" box="[668,806,1942,1968]" degrees="114.42616" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" precision="1" value="114.42616">114.42616E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF841048FFCFFFC2D8514F9BFC2B7FA4" box="[817,930,1942,1969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" value="1995-05-23">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E9A0FFCFFFC2D8514F9BFC2B7FA4" box="[817,930,1942,1969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" value="1995-05-23">23.v.1995</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26CF535EFFCFFFC2D8CC4F9BFB997FA5" box="[940,1040,1942,1968]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">A.G. Orr</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B853688FFCFFFC2DBA74FB7FA157FED" blockId="23.[151,1436,1834,2041]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFCFFFC2DBA74FB7FEA67FC1" bold="true" box="[199,303,1978,2004]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Habitus:</emphasis>
similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFCFFFC2DAC44FB6FDA17FC1" box="[420,552,1978,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Heliocypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFCFFFC2DAC44FB6FDA17FC1" box="[420,552,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">H. biseriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but obviously smaller than both that species, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFCFFFC2DF2B4FB6FB437FC1" box="[1099,1226,1978,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Sundacypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petiolata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFCFFFC2DF2B4FB6FB437FC1" box="[1099,1226,1978,2005]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">S. petiolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Abdomen slightly more swollen. Differences in pattern of mottling on head and body may be significant but are difficult to define;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B853688FFC0FFCDDBF7489AFE3578C0" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">antennae relatively shorter than other species and lacking dark spot at apex of pedicel. Caudal gills, very thin, strongly tapered and long.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF456600FFC0FFCDDBF74FA1FBB77FFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13210037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210037/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" startId="24.[151,250,1964,1988]" targetBox="[158,1439,262,1931]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B853688FFC0FFCDDBF74FA1FBB77FFD" blockId="24.[151,1437,1964,2024]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC0FFCDDBF74FA1FEA97FD1" bold="true" box="[151,288,1964,1988]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
Female gonapophyses and terminal abdominal segments in ventral view: (a)
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC0FFCDDF584FA0FB387FD1" box="[1080,1201,1964,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Heliocypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC0FFCDDF584FA0FB387FD1" box="[1080,1201,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">H. biseriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (b)
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC0FFCDDF834FA0FADE7FD1" box="[1251,1367,1964,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Sundacypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petiolata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC0FFCDDF834FA0FADE7FD1" box="[1251,1367,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">S. petiolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (c)
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC0FFCDDEE84FA0FF6A7FFD" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC0FFCDDEE84FA0FF6A7FFD" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">L. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and in lateral view: (d)
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC0FFCDDABD4FDCFDDF7FFD" box="[477,598,2000,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Heliocypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC0FFCDDABD4FDCFDDF7FFD" box="[477,598,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">H. biseriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (e)
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC0FFCDD9E54FDCFD657FFD" box="[645,748,2000,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC0FFCDD9E54FDCFD657FFD" box="[645,748,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">L. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (f)
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC0FFCDD8784FDCFC027FFD" box="[792,907,2000,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Sundacypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petiolata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC0FFCDD8784FDCFC027FFD" box="[792,907,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">S. petiolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bar 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF456600FFC1FFCCDBF74E54FC897E81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210039" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13210039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210039/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" startId="25.[151,250,1625,1649]" targetBox="[155,1421,190,1546]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B853688FFC1FFCCDBF74E54FC897E81" blockId="25.[151,1437,1625,1685]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC1FFCCDBF74E54FEA87E64" bold="true" box="[151,289,1625,1649]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
Male gonapophyses and terminal abdominal segments in ventral view: (a)
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC1FFCCDF484E54FB267E64" box="[1064,1199,1625,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Aristocypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrella">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC1FFCCDF484E54FB267E64" box="[1064,1199,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">A. fenestrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (b)
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC1FFCCDF824E54FADF7E64" box="[1250,1366,1625,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Sundacypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petiolata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC1FFCCDF824E54FADF7E64" box="[1250,1366,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">S. petiolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (c)
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC1FFCCDEE84E57FF6A7E80" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC1FFCCDEE84E57FF6A7E80" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">L. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and in lateral view: (d)
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC1FFCCDABD4E73FDCD7E80" box="[477,580,1661,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC1FFCCDABD4E73FDCD7E80" box="[477,580,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">L. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B853688FFC1FFCFDBA74ED2FAF5799C" blockId="25.[151,1437,1759,2037]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,150,1509]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC1FFCCDBA74ED2FE877EEC" bold="true" box="[199,270,1759,1786]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC1FFCCDBA74ED2FE8C7EEF" bold="true" box="[199,261,1759,1786]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Head</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
sagittate in dorsal view but long axis slightly shorter in proportion to head width than in other species (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC1FFCCDBFF4F0EFF797F0B" box="[159,240,1795,1822]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[206,1300,192,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-22@8.[196,1391,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Detail of heads, antennae and prothoraces of: (a) Heliocypha biseriata, (b) Aristocypha fenestrella, (c) Sundacypha petiolata, (d) Libellago hyalina. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210015/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Fig. 5d</figureCitation>
) and less deep in lateral aspect (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC1FFCCD93D4F0EFD397F08" box="[605,688,1795,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[228,1386,186,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-22@10.[155,1433,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Left lateral view of head (left) and ventral view of genae showing spines (right): (a) Heliocypha biseriata, (b) Aristocypha fenestrella, (c) Sundacypha petiolata, (d) Libellago hyalina. Scale bars left side, 1 mm; right side 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210019/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Fig. 7d</figureCitation>
). Antennae 7-segmented but relatively short (1.11 times maximum head width); scape with mainly longer setae; pedicel lacking dark apical mark. Labrum as in
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC1FFCCDFF54F25FA937F54" box="[1173,1306,1831,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Heliocypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC1FFCCDFF54F25FA937F54" box="[1173,1306,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">H. biseriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but slightly more rounded with only 9–10 setae on the ‘moustache’. Genae with collection of very small sub-acute tubercles (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC1FFCCDBFF4F62FF7B7F9C" box="[159,242,1903,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[228,1386,186,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-22@10.[155,1433,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Left lateral view of head (left) and ventral view of genae showing spines (right): (a) Heliocypha biseriata, (b) Aristocypha fenestrella, (c) Sundacypha petiolata, (d) Libellago hyalina. Scale bars left side, 1 mm; right side 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210019/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Fig. 7d</figureCitation>
). Mask short, articulation resting between posterior part of coxae of prothorax (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC1FFCCDF014F62FB3D7F9C" box="[1121,1204,1903,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1675,1699]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,215,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1436,181,1652]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ventral view of head with mask at rest and anterior two thoracic segments in ventral view: (a) Heliocypha biseriata, (b) Aristocypha fenestrella, (c) Sundacypha petiolata, (d) Libellago hyalina. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210021/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Fig. 8d</figureCitation>
); prementum narrow basally, gradually flared anteriorly with margins of anterior half slightly convex; lateral margins with strong recurved spines on distal 2/3
<superScript id="7C4F9BC0FFC1FFCCDA124FBAFE097FD0" attach="left" box="[370,384,1975,1989]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">rd</superScript>
(
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC1FFCCDAED4FBAFE697FC4" box="[397,480,1975,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[244,1341,217,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[155,1433,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Prementum in dorsal view: (a) Heliocypha biseriata, (b) Aristocypha fenestrella, (c) Sundacypha petiolata, (d) Libellago hyalina, (e) Libellago lineata. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210023/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Fig. 9d</figureCitation>
) interspersed with short setae (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC1FFCCD8234FBAFC2A7FC4" box="[835,931,1975,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[155,1433,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Details of anterior prementum and labial palp in dorsal view (base of movable hook dotted to reveal details of palpal lobe below): (a) Aristocypha fenestrella, (b) Sundacypha petiolata, (c) Libellago hyalina. Scale bar 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210027/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Fig. 11c</figureCitation>
); anterior median lobe as in
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC1FFCCDF894FB5FAF87FC4" box="[1257,1393,1975,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Heliocypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC1FFCCDF894FB5FAF87FC4" box="[1257,1393,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">H. biseriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but median cleft long with sides closely appressed; inner (lower) branch of palpal lobe strongly hooked (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC1FFCCDE4C4FD6FA077FE0" box="[1324,1422,2011,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[155,1433,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Details of anterior prementum and labial palp in dorsal view (base of movable hook dotted to reveal details of palpal lobe below): (a) Aristocypha fenestrella, (b) Sundacypha petiolata, (c) Libellago hyalina. Scale bar 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210027/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Fig. 11c</figureCitation>
); maxillae (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDA67489AFEEF78A4" box="[263,358,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[205,1382,181,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-22@20.[205,1382,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 12. Details of maxillae—(a–d) Right maxillae: Heliocypha biseriata, (a) ventral view, (b) oral view; (c) Sundacypha petiolata distal detail, oral view; (d) L. hyalina oral view. (e–h) Left maxillae, oral view, details of terminal strong spine with three shorter basal to median supplementary spines: (e) Heliocypha biseriata, (f) Aristocypha fenestrella, (g) Sundacypha petiolata, (h) Libellago hyalina. Scale bars: above 1 mm; below 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210029/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Fig. 12d</figureCitation>
) very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC2FFCFD97F489AFD2F78A4" box="[543,678,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Heliocypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFD97F489AFD2F78A4" box="[543,678,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">H. biseriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but two sub-basal supplementary spines on major (4
<superScript id="7C4F9BC0FFC2FFCFDF9A489BFA8E78B1" attach="none" box="[1274,1287,150,164]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">th</superScript>
) apical spine well separated and all three supplementary spines relatively longer and thinner (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDF5048B6FB1D78C0" box="[1072,1172,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[205,1382,181,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-22@20.[205,1382,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 12. Details of maxillae—(a–d) Right maxillae: Heliocypha biseriata, (a) ventral view, (b) oral view; (c) Sundacypha petiolata distal detail, oral view; (d) L. hyalina oral view. (e–h) Left maxillae, oral view, details of terminal strong spine with three shorter basal to median supplementary spines: (e) Heliocypha biseriata, (f) Aristocypha fenestrella, (g) Sundacypha petiolata, (h) Libellago hyalina. Scale bars: above 1 mm; below 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210029/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Fig. 12h</figureCitation>
). Mandibles (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDE5248B6FF2A78EC" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1392,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-22@22.[193,1394,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 14. Mandibles in ventral view: (a) Aristocypha fenestrella R, (b) A. fenestrella L; (c) Sundacypha petiolata R, (d) S. petiolata L; (e) Libellago hyalina R, (f) L. hyalina L. R &amp; L signify right and left below, scale bar 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210033/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Figs 14e, f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDBD148D3FF7D78EC" box="[177,244,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[198,1381,260,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[164,1423,181,1524]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15. Mandibles in interior view: (a) Aristocypha fenestrella L, (b) A. fenestrella R (rotated slightly outward to expose part of venter); (c) Sundacypha petiolata L, (d) S. petiolata R; (e) Libellago hyalina L, (f) L. hyalina R. R &amp; L signify right and left below, scale bar 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210035/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">15e, f</figureCitation>
) lacking supplementary denticles, right with four well defined teeth on incisor lobe with small shoulder dorsally, ventrally with subapical marginal denticle as usual; molar crest on right well developed with two small short sharp denticles, lower one with narrow chisel tip (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFD879492AFCF77954" box="[793,894,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1392,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-22@22.[193,1394,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 14. Mandibles in ventral view: (a) Aristocypha fenestrella R, (b) A. fenestrella L; (c) Sundacypha petiolata R, (d) S. petiolata L; (e) Libellago hyalina R, (f) L. hyalina L. R &amp; L signify right and left below, scale bar 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210033/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Figs 14e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFD8ED492BFC3C7954" box="[909,949,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[198,1381,260,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[164,1423,181,1524]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15. Mandibles in interior view: (a) Aristocypha fenestrella L, (b) A. fenestrella R (rotated slightly outward to expose part of venter); (c) Sundacypha petiolata L, (d) S. petiolata R; (e) Libellago hyalina L, (f) L. hyalina R. R &amp; L signify right and left below, scale bar 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210035/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">15f</figureCitation>
); left incisor lobe with five regular evenly spaced teeth; left molar crest broad and raised, rather flat ending in straight edge with 9 denticles, end ones distinctly longer, (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDB934962FEDD799C" box="[243,340,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1392,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-22@22.[193,1394,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 14. Mandibles in ventral view: (a) Aristocypha fenestrella R, (b) A. fenestrella L; (c) Sundacypha petiolata R, (d) S. petiolata L; (e) Libellago hyalina R, (f) L. hyalina L. R &amp; L signify right and left below, scale bar 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210033/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Figs 14f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDA3F4963FE02799C" box="[351,395,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[198,1381,260,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-18@23.[164,1423,181,1524]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15. Mandibles in interior view: (a) Aristocypha fenestrella L, (b) A. fenestrella R (rotated slightly outward to expose part of venter); (c) Sundacypha petiolata L, (d) S. petiolata R; (e) Libellago hyalina L, (f) L. hyalina R. R &amp; L signify right and left below, scale bar 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210035/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">15e</figureCitation>
). A strong outer basal seta on both mandibles as in other three species (not visible in 14e).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B853688FFC2FFCFDBA7499FFD417A74" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,1509]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFDBA7499FFEAF79B8" bold="true" box="[199,294,402,429]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFDBA7499FFE9479B8" bold="true" box="[199,285,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Thorax</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
prothorax saddle-shaped with anterior and posterior flanges as in other species (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDFC2499EFB7D79B8" box="[1186,1268,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[206,1300,192,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-22@8.[196,1391,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Detail of heads, antennae and prothoraces of: (a) Heliocypha biseriata, (b) Aristocypha fenestrella, (c) Sundacypha petiolata, (d) Libellago hyalina. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210015/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Fig. 5d</figureCitation>
), but relatively narrower and with both pairs of dorsal tubercles broad based and large. Marking (not illustrated) indistinct but always with narrow pale band pale between two anterior tubercles on prothorax. Wing sheaths slightly spatulate, not completely obscuring abdomen at sides, forewing reaching middle of S6, hindwing almost to hindmargin of S6 (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDBFF4A2EFF7A7A28" box="[159,243,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[302,1377,197,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[172,1416,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habitus of (a) Heliocypha biseriata, (b) Aristocypha fenestrella, (c) Sundacypha petiolata, (d) Libellago hyalina. Markings shown only on legs and antennae. Scale bar 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210013/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Fig. 4d</figureCitation>
). Legs long and thin, metafemur almost reaching hindmargin of S7, proportions similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC2FFCFDFBF4A2EFAEC7A28" box="[1247,1381,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Heliocypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFDFBF4A2EFAEC7A28" box="[1247,1381,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">H. biseriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; two rows of pectinate setae on the venter of the tarsus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B853688FFC2FFCFDBA74A67FE707C04" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,1509]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFDBA74A67FEB67A90" bold="true" box="[199,319,618,645]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFDBA74A67FEBC7A90" bold="true" box="[199,309,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Abdomen</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
squat and swollen medially, dark with indistinct dark mottling (not figured). Ventrolateral margin of S9 with 6–9 strong, curved spines but no significant spines on venter or ventral margin (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDF0E4A82FB587ABC" box="[1134,1233,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[158,1439,262,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-44@24.[149,1439,237,1940]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Female gonapophyses and terminal abdominal segments in ventral view: (a) H. biseriata, (b) S. petiolata, (c) L. hyalina, and in lateral view: (d) H. biseriata, (e) L. hyalina, (f) S. petiolata. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210037/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Figs 16c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDFBC4A82FAAA7ABC" box="[1244,1315,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,190,1546]" captionTargetId="figure-18@25.[151,1436,181,1601]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 17. Male gonapophyses and terminal abdominal segments in ventral view: (a) A. fenestrella, (b) S. petiolata, (c) L. hyalina, and in lateral view: (d) L. hyalina. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210039/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">17c, d</figureCitation>
); S10 with 4–5 strong ventrolateral spines and 4–6 smaller spines on hind-margin S10 (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFD8BF4ABEFBD37AD8" box="[991,1114,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[158,1439,262,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-44@24.[149,1439,237,1940]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Female gonapophyses and terminal abdominal segments in ventral view: (a) H. biseriata, (b) S. petiolata, (c) L. hyalina, and in lateral view: (d) H. biseriata, (e) L. hyalina, (f) S. petiolata. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210037/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Figs 16c, e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDF054ABEFB227AD8" box="[1125,1195,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,190,1546]" captionTargetId="figure-18@25.[151,1436,181,1601]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 17. Male gonapophyses and terminal abdominal segments in ventral view: (a) A. fenestrella, (b) S. petiolata, (c) L. hyalina, and in lateral view: (d) L. hyalina. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210039/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">17c, d</figureCitation>
). Male gonapophyses (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDBFF4ADAFE9A7AE4" box="[159,275,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,190,1546]" captionTargetId="figure-18@25.[151,1436,181,1601]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 17. Male gonapophyses and terminal abdominal segments in ventral view: (a) A. fenestrella, (b) S. petiolata, (c) L. hyalina, and in lateral view: (d) L. hyalina. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210039/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Fig. 17c,d</figureCitation>
) short and conical, well separated, arising near posterior margin S9 and reaching beyond hind margin. Outer female gonapophyses (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDABE4AF6FDD07B00" box="[478,601,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[158,1439,262,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-44@24.[149,1439,237,1940]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Female gonapophyses and terminal abdominal segments in ventral view: (a) H. biseriata, (b) S. petiolata, (c) L. hyalina, and in lateral view: (d) H. biseriata, (e) L. hyalina, (f) S. petiolata. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210037/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Figs 16c, e</figureCitation>
) arising from near base of S9 and extending beyond hind margin of S10 to about level of epiproct tip (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDAAC4B12FDA47B2C" box="[460,557,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[158,1439,262,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-44@24.[149,1439,237,1940]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Female gonapophyses and terminal abdominal segments in ventral view: (a) H. biseriata, (b) S. petiolata, (c) L. hyalina, and in lateral view: (d) H. biseriata, (e) L. hyalina, (f) S. petiolata. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210037/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Fig. 16e</figureCitation>
), ventral margin with series of sparse heavy spines to about level of midpoint of S10, thence continuing slightly upward to a sharp point, aligned with inner apophyses but terminating before tip of latter (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDA454B6AFE0F7B94" box="[293,390,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[158,1439,262,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-44@24.[149,1439,237,1940]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Female gonapophyses and terminal abdominal segments in ventral view: (a) H. biseriata, (b) S. petiolata, (c) L. hyalina, and in lateral view: (d) H. biseriata, (e) L. hyalina, (f) S. petiolata. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210037/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Fig. 16e</figureCitation>
); inner apophyses smooth, curved smoothly and upward to a rounded point extending only a little beyond outer apophyses and epiproct. Epiproct, short, subconical, not obviously different from other species studied. Caudal spikes about 65% body length, slightly swollen at base then thin and tapered almost uniformly to a point (
<figureCitation id="13012A0DFFC2FFCFDB974BDEFED27BF8" box="[247,347,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1381,197,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-18@27.[189,1399,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 18. Caudal spikes scaled in proportion to overall body length: (a) H. biseriata, (b) A. fenstrella, (c) S. petiolata, (d) L. hyalina. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210041/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Fig. 18d</figureCitation>
); bearing numerous backward facing sharp curved spines, heavy setae, and also long fine setae impossible to assess accurately.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B853688FFC2FFCFDBA74C16FD997CB4" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,1509]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFDBA74C16FEE07C21" box="[199,361,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Measurements</emphasis>
(in mm): body length excluding antennae, caudal appendages and gills 9.3; lateral caudal gills 5.2; head width 2.57; prementum 1.45; palpal lobe (to tip of dorsal branch) 0.49; movable hook 0.37; maxillae base to distal hook of galeolacinea (1.15), maxillary palp (0.46); mandibles long axis (0.64); antenna 1.17, 0.45, 0.45, 0.30, 0.25, 0.15, 0.09 (total 2.86).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3206503FFC2FFCFDBA74CA6FDA67DF0" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B853688FFC2FFCFDBA74CA6FDA67DF0" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,1509]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFDBA74CA6FEB27CD0" bold="true" box="[199,315,1195,1221]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Remarks.</emphasis>
Larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC2FFCFDAD54CA6FDAE7CD0" box="[437,551,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFDAD54CA6FDAE7CD0" box="[437,551,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">L. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are easily distinguished from the other three species studied by their size, their shorter prementum with strong lateral spines and by the lack of any dark coloration at the tip of the pedicel. The long thin caudal spikes with slight basal swelling thence evenly tapered to a point are also distinctive. They differ from
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC2FFCFDEE74CFEFF727D24" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Sundacypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petiolata">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFDEE74CFEFF727D24" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">S. petiolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather subtly in the form of the caudal spikes which are thinner and slightly bulbous at base, and in having much shorter antennae, far fewer spines on the venter of the terminal abdominal segments, and in the shorter female genital apophyses with the outer aligned with the inner. As a rule the inner mouthparts, the mandibles and maxillae are extremely conservative and therefore it is noteworthy that distinct differences were found between
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D0BFFC2FFCFDE494D8EFA157D88" box="[1321,1436,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Chlorocyphidae" genus="Libellago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B94EEA9AFFC2FFCFDE494D8EFA157D88" box="[1321,1436,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">L. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the other genera studied, especially in the left mandible. These characters are however difficult to observe and not particularly useful for diagnosis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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