152 lines
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152 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.693.13012" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34200f6d-cbb1-4f79-8303-05e8e36b8f6a" ID-PMC="PMC5777420" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-693-33" ID-PubMed="29362522" ID-ZBK="E670A42A11F8437E90B6C880DC2D8E2F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-693-33" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 693" ModsDocTitle="Next-generation morphological character discovery and evaluation: an X-ray micro-CT enhanced revision of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) in the Afrotropics" checkinTime="1503516554020" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Garcia, Francisco Hita, Fischer, Georg, Liu, Cong, Audisio, Tracy L. & Economo, Evan P." docDate="2017" docId="E9FEA6A869D4C693B0F86518471438BB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 693: 33-93" docOrigin="ZooKeys 693" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.693.13012" docTitle="Zasphinctus sarowiwai Hita Garcia, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="DB20AFDC-3644-44A5-AA74-9B53249B5C0D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="02285343FFC1351BD11FFF829F214C6B" masterDocTitle="Next-generation morphological character discovery and evaluation: an X-ray micro-CT enhanced revision of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) in the Afrotropics" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1668164740502" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Next-generation morphological character discovery and evaluation: an X-ray micro-CT enhanced revision of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) in the Afrotropics</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Garcia, Francisco Hita</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fischer, Georg</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Cong</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Audisio, Tracy L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Economo, Evan P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>693</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>33</mods:start>
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<mods:end>93</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.693.13012</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.693.13012</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-693-33</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">E670A42A11F8437E90B6C880DC2D8E2F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E670A42A11F8437E90B6C880DC2D8E2F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132884524" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DB20AFDC-3644-44A5-AA74-9B53249B5C0D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E9FEA6A869D4C693B0F86518471438BB" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/DB20AFDC-3644-44A5-AA74-9B53249B5C0D" authority="Hita Garcia" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zasphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zasphinctus sarowiwai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarowiwai">Zasphinctus sarowiwai Hita Garcia</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="10" pageNumber="43">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 3, 4B, E, H, K, N, Q, 5B, E, H, K, N, Q, 6B, E, H, K, N, Q, 9, 10, 13B, 14, 15, Videos 2, 4, 5
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="44" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="44" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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material.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Holotype, pinned worker, CAMEROON, Centre Province, Mbalmayo, 3.4597, 11.4714, ca. 600 m, rainforest, XI.1993 (N. Stork) (BMNH: CASENT0764654). Paratypes, three pinned workers with same data as holotype (BMNH: CASENT0764646; CASENT0764649; CASENT0764650).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
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Cybertypes, the cybertype dataset consists of all volumetric raw data in DICOM format, 3D PDFs and 3D rotation videos of scans of head, mesosoma, metasoma, and the full body of the physical holotype (BMNH: CASENT0764654) and/or one paratype (BMNH: CASENT0764650) in addition to montage photos illustrating head in full-face view, profile and dorsal views of the body of both specimens. The data is deposited at Dryad and can be freely accessed as virtual representation of both types (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hita Garcia, F" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="33" pageNumber="66" url="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4s3v1" year="2017 c">Hita Garcia et al. 2017c</bibRefCitation>
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, http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4s3v1). In addition to the cybertype data at Dryad, we also provide a freely accessible 3D surface model of the holotype at Sketchfab (https://sketchfab.com/models/3e5a54cb8ea94028a49f0722bd5eefe8).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="44" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Non-type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Epulu, 1.38333, 28.58333, 750 m, rainforest, 1.XI.1995 (S.D. Torti); GHANA: Wiawso, 6.2158, -2.485, ca. 160 m, 25.IV.1969 (D. Leston); IVORY COAST: Tai Forest, 5.75, -7.12, ca. 250 m, rainforest, 18.-20.V.1977 (T. Diomande); UGANDA: Western, Kabarole, Kibale National Park, Kanyawara Biological Station, 0.56437, 30.36059, 1510-1520 m, rainforest, 6.-16.VIII.2012 (different independent collectors: F.A. Esteves, F. Hita Garcia & P.G. Hawkes).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
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Figure 9.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zasphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zasphinctus sarowiwai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarowiwai">Zasphinctus sarowiwai</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. paratype worker (CASENT0764650). A Body in profile B Body in dorsal view C Head in full-face view D Abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="III–VI">III-VI</normalizedToken>
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in dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="44" type="differential worker diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Differential worker diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">See Table 3.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Worker measurements and indices (N=11).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">See Table 4.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="44" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
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The name of the new species is a patronym in honour of the famous Nigerian writer, environmentalist, and human rights activist Kenule Beeson
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Ken”">"Ken"</normalizedToken>
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Saro-Wiwa. By naming a species from threatened rainforest habitats after him, we want to acknowledge his environmental legacy and draw attention to the often-problematic conservation situation in most Afrotropical rainforests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
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The new species has a comparatively wide distribution ranging from Ivory Coast to Uganda, even though it is not known from all countries in-between. However, this is likely based on a sampling artefact considering the rarity of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zasphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zasphinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zasphinctus</taxonomicName>
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in general and the poor sampling in most African countries. Therefore,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="45" start="start">we</pageBreakToken>
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expect future collections in all countries in-between. All samples are from rainforest habitats at elevations from 250 to 1510 m. Based on the available collection data, the species lives in soil and leaf litter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" type="diagnostic comments">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Diagnostic comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zasphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zasphinctus sarowiwai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarowiwai">Zasphinctus sarowiwai</taxonomicName>
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differs in most diagnostic characters from the other two Afrotropical species. Most obviously, it can be separated from the other species by its much larger body size, the prominent median clypeal tooth, and the almost complete lack of surface sculpture. Despite its wide distribution range, there is very little observable variation. Most notably, the colour appears to be generally darker in the specimens from Uganda and Cameroon, which are uniformly very dark
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<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="46" start="start">brown</pageBreakToken>
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to black, while the specimens from West Africa tend to have a much lighter abdomen and often relatively bright legs. Furthermore, we observed some variation in the material from Uganda. In some specimens, the subpetiolar process of the petiolar
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<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="47" start="start">sternum</pageBreakToken>
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had a slightly weaker, but still distinct, fenestra compared to the material from other localities, and the ventral margin of the process had a posteroventral tooth-like projection. In addition, the anterodorsal margin of abdominal segment III was slightly more angulate in a few specimens while in several other specimens the metapleuron had some weak punctate sculpture. Overall, we consider this variation as geographic and very well within the intraspecific range of such a widespread species.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="47">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="47">
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Figure 10. Shaded surface display volume renderings of 3D models of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zasphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zasphinctus sarowiwai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarowiwai">Zasphinctus sarowiwai</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. holotype worker (CASENT0764654). A Head in full-face dorsal view B Head in anterodorsal view C Anterior cephalic dorsum and mandibles in anterodorsal view D Head in ventral view E Occiput in posterior view (ventral head facing upwards) F Head in posterodorsal view G Mesosoma in profile H Mesosoma in dorsal view I Abdominal segment II (petiole) in profile J Abdominal segment II (petiole) in dorsal view K Abdominal segment II (petiole) in ventral view L Abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="III–VII">III-VII</normalizedToken>
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in profile M Abdominal segments III and IV in dorsal view N Abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="V–VII">V-VII</normalizedToken>
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in dorsal view O Abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="III–VII">III-VII</normalizedToken>
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in ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="47">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="47">
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Video 2. 3D rotation video of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zasphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zasphinctus sarowiwai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarowiwai">Zasphinctus sarowiwai</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. paratype worker (CASENT0764650) based on shaded volumetric surface rendering of full body.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |