426 lines
33 KiB
XML
426 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7345e6b-fa55-474e-9b6e-d6b185121541" ID-PMC="PMC7718216" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-168-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" ID-PubMed="33335445" ModsDocID="1314-2003-168-1" checkinTime="1606572050664" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dean, Ellen, Poore, Jennifer, Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio, Nee, Michael H., Kang, Hannah, Starbuck, Thomas, Rodrigues, Annamarie & Conner, Matthew" docDate="2020" docId="9C4CFB70F1F408F06E4622519ADADDFF" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 168: 1-333" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 168" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" docTitle="Lycianthes stephanocalyx (Brandegee) Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 315. 1922" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" masterDocTitle="The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala" masterLastPageNumber="333" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668140149145" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dean, Ellen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-0027</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">eadean@ucdavis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Poore, Jennifer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio Nacional de Identificacion y Caracterizacion Vegetal (LaniVeg), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramon Padilla Sanchez 2100, 45110 Nextipac, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4071-8108</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nee, Michael H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>26776 US Hwy 14, Richland Center, WI 53581, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kang, Hannah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Starbuck, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rodrigues, Annamarie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Conner, Matthew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>168</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>333</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-168-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170596525" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C4CFB70F1F408F06E4622519ADADDFF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C4CFB70F1F408F06E4622519ADADDFF" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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45
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<taxonomicName authority="(Brandegee) Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 315. 1922" authorityName="(Brandegee) Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 315." authorityYear="1922" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes stephanocalyx" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stephanocalyx">Lycianthes stephanocalyx (Brandegee) Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 315. 1922</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 102" captionStartId="F102" captionText="Figure 102. Image of herbarium specimen of L. stephanocalyx, Dean 265 (DAV). Image used with permission of the UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure102" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480116" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 102</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="T. S. Brandegee" authorityYear="1917" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum stephanocalyx" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stephanocalyx">Solanum stephanocalyx</taxonomicName>
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Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 374. 1917. Type: Mexico. Veracruz: Zacuapan, Jul 1915,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. Purpus 7519</emphasis>
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(holotype: UC [UC178649]; isotypes: GH [00077535], NY [00139030]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes symphyandra" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="symphyandra">Lycianthes symphyandra</taxonomicName>
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Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 430. 1919. Type: Mexico. Veracruz: Mirador, 1842,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. Liebmann 1456</emphasis>
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(lectotype designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.349.1.4" author="Dean, E" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="39 - 46" refId="B45" refString="Dean, E, Reyes, M, 2018a. Lectotypification of names in the genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae). Phytotaxa 349 (1): 39 - 46, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.349.1.4" title="Lectotypification of names in the genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.349.1.4" volume="349" year="2018 a">Dean and Reyes 2018a</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 44: C [C10022133]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. F. Blake" authorityYear="1922" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum solitarium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solitarium">Solanum solitarium</taxonomicName>
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S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 21. 1922. Type: Guatemala. Izabal:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Mojanales, 17 May 1919:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. F. Blake 7489</emphasis>
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(holotype: US [00027803]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes solitaria" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solitaria">Lycianthes solitaria</taxonomicName>
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(S.F.Blake) Standl., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 15. 1927. Type: Based on
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. F. Blake" authorityYear="1922" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum solitarium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solitarium">Solanum solitarium</taxonomicName>
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S.F.Blake.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Standl" authorityYear="1940" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes luisana" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luisana">Lycianthes luisana</taxonomicName>
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Standl., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 101. 1940. Type: Mexico. San Luis
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
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: Tamazunchale, Jul 1937,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Edwards 913</emphasis>
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(holotype: F [0072917F, acc. # 918327]; isotypes: ARIZ [ARIZ-BOT-0005035], CAS [0003290], MO [503464]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Morton" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Bitter" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum symphyandrum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="symphyandrum">Solanum symphyandrum</taxonomicName>
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(Bitter) C.V.Morton, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 4: 27. 1940. Type: Based on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes symphyandra" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="symphyandra">Lycianthes symphyandra</taxonomicName>
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Bitter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Morton" authorityYear="1940" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hondurense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hondurense">Solanum hondurense</taxonomicName>
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C.V.Morton, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 4: 26. 1940. Type: Belize. El Cayo: Chalillo Crossing, 15 Jul 1936,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. Lundell 6512</emphasis>
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(holotype: US [00027603]; isotypes: LL [00372878], MICH [1109936]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Standl & Steyerm" authorityYear="1943" baseAuthorityName="Morton" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes hondurensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hondurensis">Lycianthes hondurensis</taxonomicName>
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(C.V.Morton) Standl. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 18. 1943. Type: Based on
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Morton" authorityYear="1940" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hondurense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hondurense">Solanum hondurense</taxonomicName>
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C.V.Morton.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Based on
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<taxonomicName authorityName="T. S. Brandegee" authorityYear="1917" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum stephanocalyx" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stephanocalyx">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum stephanocalyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Brandegee.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure102" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480116" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 102" startId="F102">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 102.</emphasis>
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Image of herbarium specimen of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. stephanocalyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="stephanocalyx">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. stephanocalyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dean 265</emphasis>
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(DAV). Image used with permission of the UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Perennial herb to climbing shrub, erect, often recumbent with age, to 2 (3) m tall, dying back to rhizomes. Indument of small, white, uniseriate, multicellular, simple, curved, eglandular, appressed-ascending trichomes 0.1-0.6 mm long. Stems green when young, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, compressed and ribbed upon drying in a plant press, brown and woody with age; upper sympodial branching points monochasial or dichasial. Leaves simple, the leaves of the upper sympodia usually paired and unequal in size, the larger ones with blades 3.5-15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-6.2 cm, the smaller ones with blades 0.7-6.5 (10.5)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-3.1 (5) cm, the leaf pairs similar in shape, the blades ovate (sometimes narrowly), elliptic, or obovate, the blades of both the large and small leaves chartaceous to thick chartaceous, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, the base truncate, cuneate, or attenuate, sometimes oblique, the margin entire, the apex acute to acuminate, the petiole 0.1-0.9 (2) cm long, sometimes absent, the large leaf blades with 3-6 primary veins on each side of the midvein. Flowers solitary, axillary, pendent; peduncles absent; pedicels 12-45 mm and arching to deflexed in flower, to 53 mm long and deflexed in fruit, glabrous to sparsely pubescent; calyx 1.5-3 (4) mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, obconic to campanulate, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, the margin truncate, with 10 linear, spreading to reflexed appendages 1.5-5 mm long emerging 0.5 mm below the calyx rim; fruiting calyx usually enlarged, widely campanulate to bowl-shaped, 1.5-4 mm long, 3-8 mm in diameter, the appendages 2-8 mm long, spreading; corolla 0.5-1.4 cm long, campanulate to reflexed in orientation, stellate in outline, divided 1/3-2/3 of the way to the base, (lobes shallow on first day that the flower opens, becoming deeper each subsequent day that the flower opens), with interpetalar tissue, adaxially and abaxially white to light purple, glabrous; stamens equal, straight, the filaments 1-1.5 mm long, glabrous, the anthers 4.5-7 mm long, lanceolate, connivent to connate at edges to adjacent anther, yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tip, the pores round, dehiscing distally, not opening into longitudinal slits; pistil with glabrous ovary, the style 6-9 mm long, linear, straight, glabrous, the stigma truncate. Fruit a berry, 3-10 (17) mm long, 3-9 (12) mm in diameter, globose to ovoid, orange to red at maturity, glabrous, lacking sclerotic granules. Seeds 7-60 per fruit, 1.5-3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-2 mm, flattened, depressed ovate in outline, tan to orange, the surface reticulum with a tight serpentine pattern with shallow luminae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Mexico (Chiapas, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Querétaro">Queretaro</normalizedToken>
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, San Luis
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
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, Tabasco, Veracruz), Guatemala (Huehuetenango, Izabal,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Petén">Peten</normalizedToken>
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), Belize, and Honduras (and possibly further south in Central America), in tropical rainforest, tropical dry forest, tropical moist forest, and cloud forest, sometimes in coffee plantations or disturbed forest, near rivers or waterfalls, in gorges, or on the sides of canyons, 30-1050 m in elevation (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="F103" captionText="Figure 103. Map of geographic distribution of L. stephanocalyx based on herbarium specimen data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480117" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">103</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480117" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 103" startId="F103">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 103.</emphasis>
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Map of geographic distribution of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. stephanocalyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="stephanocalyx">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. stephanocalyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on herbarium specimen data.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Mexico. San Luis Potosi: tomatillo, arrete de la virgin, flor de mariposa (
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<bibRefCitation author="Standley, PC" journalOrPublisher="Botanical series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="65 - 129" refId="B104" refString="Standley, PC, 1940. Studies of American plants. X. Field Museum of Natural History. Botanical series 22: 65 - 129" title="Studies of American plants. X. Field Museum of Natural History." volume="22" year="1940">Standley 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Veracruz: masan ay (from herbarium specimen
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Leonti 71</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering specimens have been collected May to September. Fruiting specimens have been collected September to December. It is possible this species flowers and fruits throughout the year in some locations. The first author observed in the field in Mexico that the corollas are open in the very early morning and closed by late morning.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes stephanocalyx" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stephanocalyx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes stephanocalyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a widespread species ranging from western Mexico to Honduras, represented by 68 collections and occurring in six protected areas. The EOO is 361,720.394 km2, and the AOO is 260 km2. Based on the
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="The Linnean Society of London, Academic Press, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" refId="B67" refString="IUCN, 2019. Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in February 2019. http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in February 2019." url="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" year="2019">IUCN (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Least Concern (LC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes stephanocalyx" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stephanocalyx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes stephanocalyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a rhizomatous herb (that can sometimes produce above-ground woody growth) with white stellate flowers and equal, connate anthers. Its closest relatives are not yet fully known, but they are probably other species with equal stamens and stellate corollas such as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. heteroclita" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. heteroclita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. geminiflora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="geminiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. geminiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It was placed by Georg Bitter in his series
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="series" series="Pilifera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pilifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bitter, 1919), but it is probably not closely related to the other species he placed in the series, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. pilifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pilifera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. pilifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. quichensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="quichensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. quichensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both of which are shrubs occurring at relatively high elevations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.425.3.6" author="Dean, E" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B44" refString="Dean, E, McNair, DM, Castillo-Campos, G, Starbuck, T, Aguiano-Constante, MA, Mawdsley, K, Veliz-Perez, M, Archila, F, 2019b. Identification of the Mexican species of Lycianthes series Piliferae (Capsiceae, Solanaceae) and the rediscovery of Lycianthescaeciliae. Phytotaxa 425(3): 163-189. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.425.3.6" title="Identification of the Mexican species of Lycianthes series Piliferae (Capsiceae, Solanaceae) and the rediscovery of Lycianthescaeciliae. Phytotaxa 425 (3): 163 - 189." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.425.3.6" year="2019 b">Dean et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes stephanocalyx" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stephanocalyx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes stephanocalyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sometimes confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. pilifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pilifera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. pilifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in herbaria, because both species have flowers with equal stamens, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. pilifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pilifera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. pilifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sometimes has one-flowered inflorescences.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes stephanocalyx" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stephanocalyx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes stephanocalyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does overlap in distribution with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. pilifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pilifera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. pilifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and differs in having red fruit (rather than dark purple), connivent yellow anthers (rather than free purplish anthers), and small whitish curved trichomes (rather than straight brown pointed trichomes) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.425.3.6" author="Dean, E" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B44" refString="Dean, E, McNair, DM, Castillo-Campos, G, Starbuck, T, Aguiano-Constante, MA, Mawdsley, K, Veliz-Perez, M, Archila, F, 2019b. Identification of the Mexican species of Lycianthes series Piliferae (Capsiceae, Solanaceae) and the rediscovery of Lycianthescaeciliae. Phytotaxa 425(3): 163-189. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.425.3.6" title="Identification of the Mexican species of Lycianthes series Piliferae (Capsiceae, Solanaceae) and the rediscovery of Lycianthescaeciliae. Phytotaxa 425 (3): 163 - 189." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.425.3.6" year="2019 b">Dean et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Representative specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guatemala. Huehuetenango</emphasis>
|
||
: Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, between Xoxlac and Nucapuxlac, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="15.3094" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="15.3094">15.3094</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="91.4894" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-91.4894">-91.4894</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1650-2500 m, 17 Jul 1942,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.A. Steyermark 48960</emphasis>
|
||
(NY).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Izabal</emphasis>
|
||
: Chickasaw Farm of the United Fruit Company, about 15 km north of Quirigua, 70 m, 28 May 1922,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.C. Standley 24628</emphasis>
|
||
(GH).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Petén">Peten</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Dolores, bordering
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Mopan, in clearing 6 km SE, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.5089" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.5089">16.5089</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="89.4065" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-89.4065">-89.4065</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 29 Jun 1961,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Contreras 2566</emphasis>
|
||
(CAS, MO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mexico. Chiapas</emphasis>
|
||
: Mpio Ocosingo, 5 km al S de Campamento COFOLASA, el cual
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="está">esta</normalizedToken>
|
||
a 24 km al SE de Crucero Corozal, camino Palenque-Boca Lacantum, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.6556" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.6556">16.6556</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="90.8063" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-90.8063">-90.8063</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 220 m, 24 Sep 1984,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
E.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
|
||
S. 7847
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(NY).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hidalgo</emphasis>
|
||
: 53 km al noreste de Zimapan, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.1662" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="21.1662">21.1662</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="98.9166" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-98.9166">-98.9166</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1000 m, 7 Nov 1979,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hernández">Hernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Magaña">Magana</normalizedToken>
|
||
3898
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MEXU).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oaxaca</emphasis>
|
||
: Dto. Tehuantepec, 3 km al norte de Santa
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
|
||
Guienagati, carretera a Guevea de H,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.7167" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.7167">16.7167</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="95.3667" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-95.3667">-95.3667</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 460 m, 27 Aug 1991,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A.D. Campos-Villanueva 3849</emphasis>
|
||
(MEXU).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Puebla</emphasis>
|
||
: road (575) Cuetzalan to San Antonio
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rayón">Rayon</normalizedToken>
|
||
[Santiago Yancuictalpan],
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="20.0617" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="20.0617">20.0617</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="97.4706" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-97.4706">-97.4706</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 592 m, 10 Nov 2014,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
P.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Acevedo-Rodríguez">Acevedo-Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
|
||
16044
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(DAV).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Querétaro">Queretaro</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: 2 km al sureste de Neblinas,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tancuilín">Tancuilin</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.2662" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="21.2662">21.2662</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="99.0537" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-99.0537">-99.0537</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 610 m, 12 Sep 1990,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. Rubio 1954</emphasis>
|
||
(DAV, IEB).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
San Luis
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: San Antonio, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.6180" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="21.618">21.6180</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="98.9039" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-98.9039">-98.9039</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 7 Sep 1978,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Alcorn 1649</emphasis>
|
||
(TEX).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tabasco</emphasis>
|
||
: a orillas del Chinilkija en el ejido Linda Vista, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.4058" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="17.4058">17.4058</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="91.5075" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-91.5075">-91.5075</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 2 Aug 1990,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
M.A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Magaña">Magana</normalizedToken>
|
||
2299
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MEXU).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Veracruz</emphasis>
|
||
: 6 km en
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="línea">linea</normalizedToken>
|
||
recta al sureste de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zontecomatlán">Zontecomatlan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, ejido Cabellete,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="20.7172" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="20.7172">20.7172</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="98.3667" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-98.3667">-98.3667</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 800-1100 m, 8 Sep 2000,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
|
||
G. 1869
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(IEB, MEXU).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |