plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/0E/53/87/0E5387953566FFD1FF1FFC7CFBAAF836.xml
maintenance 4d8db402b2 added 0E
2024-06-21 12:29:25 +02:00

341 lines
50 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="C0DF36CDCD354963DED84E3E8E88A239" ID-CLB-Dataset="26212" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4626.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="29c4832f-9970-4c9c-9bcb-2564407ac481" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3335513" ID-ZooBank="6CC12BAF-968F-4BDE-9315-340AF12A76EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563177906881" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hume, Julian Pender" docDate="2019" docId="0E5387953566FFD1FF1FFC7CFBAAF836" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4626.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4626 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Aphanapteryx Frauenfeld 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="F26AFFED356EFFDAFF88FFCDFFC0FFCA" masterDocTitle="Systematics, morphology and ecology of rails (Aves: Rallidae) of the Mascarene Islands, with one new species" masterLastPageNumber="107" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698741452787" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="6F683A38BC613311F79283A98F21B2EC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="48C05E2EBDB4EEA4D494D68E57BB29C1">
<mods:title id="AB0148F55AC3563D009DFA38BD9DB491">Systematics, morphology and ecology of rails (Aves: Rallidae) of the Mascarene Islands, with one new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="06B3AE2CAACE197D87C35F15C51149F0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AB8CBFAF61DBA19C5A5EA6A2E58BFC26">
<mods:roleTerm id="61B69F65CE03AE27013F9E3862D1381B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4071BADB904E5C90079F248DB51AE283">Hume, Julian Pender</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B42681A361D0AEEED4922A34717C0BC0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="0F4D37E9E0E810956AE4117B4332C13F" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="52B8BEAE35DCC95BABAC0E684D7BD95A">
<mods:title id="132B0B9A5922CABF4506CBB8BD2574EF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="8345B260E91CC4426BAB8623680B584B">
<mods:date id="B2275214C81DF69DDB6B0348180C2B06">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="006CF0FF2EE6CFB75FBA45F8865124F5" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="A64D51C07B12F37952CDA5DB1ADAAC5B">2019-07-03</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E70614D8C3FDF7E31704FC8F3BADEFEC" type="volume">
<mods:number id="36E009E32C36C5068B93EEC556279556">4626</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="2A6F6C1FF8883BC2E2B5F401D43C2B5A" type="issue">
<mods:number id="7EEAE606B111806C0CC5A3F9DEAE2CBA">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="ECA52017F40D08BE211BFCB7248B0776" unit="page">
<mods:start id="BE224F1A2D4756B6CA8CC906DF77CA1B">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="5734AE76184D1C37C2D00AC7F386CF2F">107</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="F1281363CEDB5DAAD54C512358C2FCF1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D1FFCE1428240BE4B6F82EDFF392F5F3" type="CLB-Dataset">26212</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2E15DE2658E078033E50992BA09CE554" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4626.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B4D717DE1752F6242B9FD3AC7FE16796" type="GBIF-Dataset">29c4832f-9970-4c9c-9bcb-2564407ac481</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8259381C01A1FE0BBF09B2B17A2A6F58" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D0E90D03A83F1B29CF1D68C692FAEB6B" type="Zenodo-Dep">3335513</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4EF8C9AA693B079DEFE1C90ED8AC6213" type="ZooBank">6CC12BAF-968F-4BDE-9315-340AF12A76EC</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0E5387953566FFD1FF1FFC7CFBAAF836" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158629842" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E5387953566FFD1FF1FFC7CFBAAF836" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E5387953566FFD1FF1FFC7CFBAAF836" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="CEE065083566FFD2FF1FFC7CFD43FC01" box="[151,643,945,972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="864536833566FFD2FF1FFC7CFD43FC01" blockId="8.[151,643,945,972]" box="[151,643,945,972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="DD0D81EF3566FFD2FF1FFC7CFD43FC01" bold="true" box="[151,643,945,972]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913566FFD2FF1FFC7CFD43FC01" bold="true" box="[151,643,945,972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003566FFD2FF66FC7CFD43FC01" authority="Frauenfeld, 1868 a" authorityName="Frauenfeld" authorityYear="1868" box="[238,643,945,972]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Aphanapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913566FFD2FF66FC7CFE59FC06" bold="true" box="[238,409,945,972]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Aphanapteryx</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723566FFD2FE29FC7CFD43FC01" author="Frauenfeld, G. R. von" box="[417,643,945,971]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref45081" refString="Frauenfeld, G. R. von (1868 a) Neu aufgefundene Abbildung des Dronte und eines zweiten kurzflugeligen Vogels. C. Ueberreuter'sche Buchdruckerei, Vienna, 17 pp." type="book" year="1868">Frauenfeld, 1868a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEE065083566FFD2FF1FFC38FE91FBE6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="864536833566FFD2FF1FFC38FE91FBE6" blockId="8.[151,1436,1012,1068]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003566FFD2FF1FFC38FE29FBC7" authority="Frauenfeld, 1868 a" authorityName="Frauenfeld" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,489,1012,1037]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Aphanapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913566FFD2FF1FFC38FEE5FBC7" box="[151,293,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Aphanapteryx</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723566FFD2FEA5FC39FE29FBC7" author="Frauenfeld, G. R. von" box="[301,489,1012,1037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref45081" refString="Frauenfeld, G. R. von (1868 a) Neu aufgefundene Abbildung des Dronte und eines zweiten kurzflugeligen Vogels. C. Ueberreuter'sche Buchdruckerei, Vienna, 17 pp." type="book" year="1868">Frauenfeld, 1868a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p.6.
<typeStatus id="594188213566FFD2FDAAFC3BFD94FBC4" box="[546,596,1014,1038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
(by monotypy):
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003566FFD2FC8BFC38FBB5FBC7" authority="Frauenfeld" authorityName="Frauenfeld" box="[771,1141,1012,1037]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Aphanapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imperialis">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913566FFD2FC8BFC38FC3FFBC7" box="[771,1023,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Aphanapteryx imperialis</emphasis>
Frauenfeld
</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003566FFD2FB1AFC3BFA95FBC7" authorityName="Selys-Longchamps" authorityYear="1848" box="[1170,1365,1013,1037]" class="Aves" family="Aptornithidae" genus="Apterornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bonasia">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913566FFD2FB1AFC3BFA95FBC7" box="[1170,1365,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Apterornis bonasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sélys- Longchamps.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEE065083566FFD2FF1FFB97FB1EFBBE" box="[151,1246,1114,1141]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="864536833566FFD2FF1FFB97FB1EFBBE" blockId="8.[151,1437,1114,2041]" box="[151,1246,1114,1141]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913566FFD2FF1FFB97FEE2FBBE" bold="true" box="[151,290,1114,1140]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Etymology:</emphasis>
From Greek aphançs = unseen, invisible-wing, privative prefix a, and pteryx = wing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEE065083566FFD2FF4FFBB0FEFCFB76" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="864536833566FFD2FF4FFBB0FEFCFB76" blockId="8.[151,1437,1114,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913566FFD2FF4FFBB0FE67FB52" bold="true" box="[199,423,1149,1176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Revised Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003566FFD2FE24FBB3FD68FB52" box="[428,680,1150,1176]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Aphanapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bonasia">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913566FFD2FE24FBB3FD68FB52" box="[428,680,1150,1176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Aphanapteryx bonasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063566FFD2FD3EFBB3FD37FB52" box="[694,759,1149,1176]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1786,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,417,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1437,417,1767]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. An almost complete, associated skeleton of Aphanapteryx bonasia (MI 923) collected by Etienne Thirioux in September 1899 in the Vallée des Prêtres, Moka Range, mid-west Mauritius. Scale bar = 200 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3430390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3430390/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) is distinguished from other Mascarene rallids by the following characters:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEE065083566FFD1FF4FFB0AFE60F917" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="864536833566FFD2FF4FFB0AFC5BFA72" blockId="8.[151,1437,1114,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913566FFD2FF4FFB0AFEEBFB2B" box="[199,299,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cranium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063566FFD2FEB2FB0BFEBFFB2B" box="[314,383,1222,1249]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1168,1193]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparison of crania of Mascarene rails, lateral view. A. Aphanapteryx bonasia MU923 u/s; B. Erythromachus leguati NHMUK u/r, u/s. Scale bar = 10mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335521/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
): largest cranium in Mascarene
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003566FFD2FD6CFB0BFC85FB2A" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[740,837,1222,1248]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rallidae</taxonomicName>
; in lateral view, cranium dorso-ventrally compressed; small fonticulus orbitocranialis; large foramen n. optici; processus postorbitalis short, bluntly triangular; deep fossa temporalis; os lacrimale wide rostrocaudally and straight extending past os ectethmoidale posteriorly; no foramen in os ectethmoidale; crista nuchalis transversa distinct; crista temporalis indistinct; in dorsal view, frontal narrow, triangular and deeply excavated; in posterior view, crista temporalis extends almost to top of cranium; processus zygomaticus distinct; condylus occipitalis large; foramen magnum large and an inverted heart-shape; in ventral view, tuba audivita communis deep; fossa subcondylaris deeply excavated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833566FFD2FF4FFA0EFB80F982" blockId="8.[151,1437,1114,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913566FFD2FF4FFA0EFEE6FA16" box="[199,294,1475,1500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rostrum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063566FFD2FEBDFA0FFEB9FA17" box="[309,377,1474,1501]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1168,1193]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparison of crania of Mascarene rails, lateral view. A. Aphanapteryx bonasia MU923 u/s; B. Erythromachus leguati NHMUK u/r, u/s. Scale bar = 10mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335521/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
): os premaxillare long and narrow and terminating in a sharp point, and total length nearly 47% longer than cranium length; in dorsal view, os nasale wide, covering narial openings; in lateral view, narial opening reaching 50% the length of the rostrum; foramina neurovascularia, prominent, elongate, running almost to rostral edge of narial opening; os nasale narrow; in ventral view, shallow, indistinct sulcus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833566FFD2FF4FF99FFB7DF936" blockId="8.[151,1437,1114,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913566FFD2FF4FF99FFEF2F9A6" box="[199,306,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mandible</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063566FFD2FECCF99FFE4CF9A7" box="[324,396,1618,1645]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1168,1193]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparison of crania of Mascarene rails, lateral view. A. Aphanapteryx bonasia MU923 u/s; B. Erythromachus leguati NHMUK u/r, u/s. Scale bar = 10mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335521/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
): rostrum mandibulae long, length of symphysis approximately 79% of cranium length; in dorsal view, processus mandibulae medialis distinct, triangular; processus retroarticularis long and directed laterad; sulcus on crista intercotylaris deeply excavated; cotyla lateralis distinctly U-shaped; os dentale long, narrow and terminating in a pointed tip; in lateral view, foramina neurovascularia, prominent, deeply set and running almost to a deep sulcus; large fenestra rostralis mandibulae and very small fenestra caudalis mandibulae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833566FFD2FF4FF8CBFBD2F87B" blockId="8.[151,1437,1114,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913566FFD2FF4FF8CBFEF2F8EA" box="[199,306,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Quadrate</emphasis>
: in lateral view, processus orbitalis long, deep and rounded; processus oticus short; processus mandibularis rounded, and strongly directed laterad; fovea quadratojugalaris oval or rounded and deeply excavated; in medial view, condylus pterygoideus deeply incised; in medial aspect, a single foramen pneumaticum rostromediale present and situated anterior to the medial ridge (see
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723566FFD2FD60F8BFFBEFF846" author="Elzanowski, A. &amp; Stidham, T A" box="[744,1071,1906,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="305 - 323" refId="ref44576" refString="Elzanowski, A. &amp; Stidham, T A. (2010) Morphology of the quadrate in the Eocene anseriform Presbyornis and extant Galloanserine birds. Journal of Morphology, 271, 305 - 323. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10799" type="journal article" year="2010">Elzanowski &amp; Stidham 2010</bibRefCitation>
), which occurs in the same position and with no variation other than size in all
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003566FFD2FD22F85BFCC7F87A" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[682,775,1942,1968]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rallidae</taxonomicName>
examined in this paper.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833566FFD3FF4FF877FA52FF1D" blockId="8.[151,1437,1114,2041]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,152,395]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913566FFD2FF4FF877FEF4F81E" box="[199,308,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Vertebrae</emphasis>
: configuration of vertebrae of Thirioux
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003566FFD2FC88F877FC5DF81E" authorityName="Frauenfeld" authorityYear="1868" box="[768,925,1978,2004]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Aphanapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913566FFD2FC88F877FC5DF81E" box="[768,925,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Aphanapteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
associated skeleton (see details below under Referred fossil material); atlas (1); axis (2); presynsacral (cervical) (3–15); presynsacral (cervicodorsal) (16); notar- ium (presynsacral thoracic vertebrae 17–19); presynsacral (thoracic) (20), plus free caudal (5); pygostyle (1) = (20 + 5 + 1); in
<emphasis id="B48EEA913567FFD3FE95FF70FE48FF1D" box="[285,392,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gallinula</emphasis>
(20 + 7 + 1); in
<emphasis id="B48EEA913567FFD3FDC9FF70FD4AFF1D" box="[577,650,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fulica</emphasis>
(22 + 5 + 1); in
<emphasis id="B48EEA913567FFD3FCCBFF70FC07FF1D" box="[835,967,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dryolimnas</emphasis>
(22 + 6 + 1) and
<emphasis id="B48EEA913567FFD3FB03FF70FB3EFF1D" box="[1163,1278,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Porphyrio</emphasis>
(20 + 7 + 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833567FFD3FF4FFF2CFC7AFED5" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,395]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913567FFD3FF4FFF2CFEE1FF31" box="[199,289,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Scapula</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063567FFD3FEBAFF2CFEB8FF31" box="[306,376,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1119,1144]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1100]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,345,1100]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparison of scapulae (medio-ventral aspect, left side; except B which is lateral aspect, right side) of Mascarene rails with Dryolimnas, A. UMZC 579 Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s, right proximal UMZC 579 u/s; B. NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati u/s; C. NHMUK 1882.2.28.2 Dryolimnas cuvieri cuvieri u/s; D. NHMUK S/1989.38.1 D. c. aldabranus ♂; E. NHMUK 1910.4.8.1 D. c. abbotti u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335523/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
): in lateral view, wide; margo dorsalis distinct; facies articularis humeralis shallow; acromion blunt, rounded and directed dorsad; tuberculum coracoideum indistinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833567FFD3FF4FFEE4FC16FE41" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,395]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913567FFD3FF4FFEE4FEF1FE89" box="[199,305,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Coracoid</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063567FFD3FECAFEE4FE48FE89" box="[322,392,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,942,967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,923]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,181,923]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of coracoids (ventral aspect, right side) of Mascarene rails with Dryolimnas, A. FLMR 1081 Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B. NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati u/s; C. NHMUK 1882.2.28.2 Dryolimnas cuvieri cuvieri u/s; D. NHMUK S/1989.38.1 D. c. aldabranus ♂; E. NHMUK 1910.4.8.1 D. c. abbotti u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3430394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3430394/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
): comparatively short; shaft wide; in dorsal aspect, cotyla scapularis shallow and indistinct; large oval foramen n. supracoracoidei distal to processus procoracoideus; processus procoracoideus short and weak- ly directed dorsomediad; impressio m. sternocoracoidei deeply excavated.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D285660B3567FFD3FF1FF937FBB9F8FC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3430390" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3430390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3430390/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,250,1786,1811]" targetBox="[151,1437,417,1767]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="864536833567FFD3FF1FF937FBB9F8FC" blockId="9.[151,1436,1786,1847]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913567FFD3FF1FF937FED6F8D9" bold="true" box="[151,278,1786,1811]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
An almost complete, associated skeleton of
<emphasis id="B48EEA913567FFD3FD66F937FC16F8D8" box="[750,982,1786,1810]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aphanapteryx bonasia</emphasis>
(MI 923) collected by Etienne Thirioux in September 1899 in the Vallée des Prêtres, Moka Range, mid-west Mauritius. Scale bar = 200 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="864536833567FFD3FF4FF8A8FBE2F821" blockId="9.[151,1437,1893,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913567FFD3FF4FF8A8FEE4F8B5" box="[199,292,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sternum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063567FFD3FEBEF8A8FEBEF8B5" box="[310,382,1893,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1778,1803]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1061,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,1061,1759]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Comparison of sterna, lateral aspect (left), ventral aspect (right) of Mascarene rails, A. C. UMZC 303BB Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B. D. NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3430400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3430400/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
): carina sterni extremely reduced more than in any other Mascarene rallid (See appendix 2,
<tableCitation id="CB7803383567FFD3FF1FF844FF2EF86E" box="[151,238,1929,1956]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="89.[149,237,507,533]" captionTargetBox="[164,1957,545,1760]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="TABLE 6. Measurements (mm) of the sternum of Mascarene rails compared with other Rallidae." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D285660B3537FF83FF1DFE36FB63FDDF" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="D285660B3537FF83FF1DFE36FB63FDDF">Table 6</tableCitation>
); in dorsal view, processus craniolateralis wide, directed slightly cranially; tuberculum labri externi pronounced; foramen pneumaticum deeply excavated; sulcus medianus sterni not clearly defined; in lateral view, apex carinae directed slightly ventrad; in lateral view, carina sterni extremely reduced.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D285660B3564FFD0FF1FFB5DFD9CFB06" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335521/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,250,1168,1193]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1148]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="864536833564FFD0FF1FFB5DFD9CFB06" blockId="10.[151,1436,1168,1229]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913564FFD0FF1FFB5DFED4FB63" bold="true" box="[151,276,1168,1193]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Comparison of crania of Mascarene rails, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B48EEA913564FFD0FCDAFB5DFCA4FB63" bold="true" box="[850,868,1168,1193]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003564FFD0FCFAFB5DFB98FB62" box="[882,1112,1168,1192]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Aphanapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bonasia">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913564FFD0FCFAFB5DFB98FB62" box="[882,1112,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aphanapteryx bonasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
MU923 u/s;
<emphasis id="B48EEA913564FFD0FB6AFB5DFB33FB62" bold="true" box="[1250,1267,1168,1192]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003564FFD0FA89FB5DFF1DFB06" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1874" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Erythromachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leguati">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913564FFD0FA89FB5DFF1DFB06" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Erythromachus leguati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
NHMUK u/r, u/s. Scale bar = 10mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="864536833564FFD0FF4FFB31FC39FA6F" blockId="10.[151,1437,1275,2021]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003564FFD0FF4FFB31FEEEFADF" box="[199,302,1276,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Humerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913564FFD0FF4FFB31FEEEFADF" box="[199,302,1276,1301]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Humerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063564FFD0FEB5FB36FE51FADF" box="[317,401,1275,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1968,1993]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,417,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[224,1363,417,1949]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Comparison of humeri (caudal aspect, left side) of Mascarene rails, A. UMZC 579 Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B. NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3430402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3430402/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
): extremely reduced; shaft strongly curved dorsoventrally; in caudal aspect, tuberculum ventrale pronounced, incisura capitis deeply excavated; fossa pneumotricipitalis extremely shallow; tuberculum dorsale reduced; sulcus humerotricipitalis broad and deep; in cranial view, sulcus transversus shallow; crista bicipitalis, short, weakly square-shaped; crista deltopectoralis long, extending much further distad than crista bicipitalis; fossa m. brachialis deeply excavated; indistinct processus supracondylaris dorsalis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833564FFD0FF4FFA62FA9CFA27" blockId="10.[151,1437,1275,2021]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913564FFD0FF4FFA62FED5FA03" box="[199,277,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Radius</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063564FFD0FEADFA62FEB9FA03" box="[293,377,1455,1481]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1076,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Comparison of radii (ventral aspect, right side) of Mascarene rails with Dryolimnas, A. UMZC 579.1 Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B. NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati u/s; C. NHMUK 1882.2.28.2 Dryolimnas cuvieri cuvieri u/s; D. NHMUK S/1989.38.1 D. c. aldabranus ♂; E. NHMUK 1910.4.8.1 D. c. abbotti u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335525/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
): sulcus tendinosa deep extending proximad approximately 25% of total length radius length; facies articularis radiocarpalis deflected ventrally; in ventral aspect, depressio ligamentosa deeply excavated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833564FFD0FF4FFA3AFBC1F9FF" blockId="10.[151,1437,1275,2021]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003564FFD0FF4FFA3AFF3FF9DB" authorityName="Capuse" authorityYear="1973" box="[199,255,1527,1553]" family="Carangidae" genus="Ulna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913564FFD0FF4FFA3AFF3FF9DB" box="[199,255,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ulna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063564FFD0FE9AFA3AFEA9F9DB" box="[274,361,1527,1553]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1666,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,633,1647]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 12. Comparison of ulnae (ventral aspect, left side) of Mascarene rails with Dryolimnas, A. MNHN MAD6967 Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B. NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati u/s; C. NHMUK 1882.2.28.2 Dryolimnas cuvieri cuvieri u/s; D. NHMUK S/1989.38.1 D. c. aldabranus ♂; E. NHMUK 1910.4.8.1 D. c. abbotti u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335527/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
): short and strongly arched dorsoventrally proximally; in caudal aspect, olecranon indistinct; processus cotylaris dorsalis short; in ventral aspect, impressio brachialis deep.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833564FFD0FF4FF9F2FBA9F9B7" blockId="10.[151,1437,1275,2021]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913564FFD0FF4FF9F2FE51F993" box="[199,401,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Carpometacarpus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063564FFD0FE2AF9F2FE37F993" box="[418,503,1599,1625]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1474,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,417,1455]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 13. Comparison of carpometacarpi (ventral aspect, right side) of Mascarene rails, A. MI 925 Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s with unique preservation of phalanx digiti alulae I and phalanx proximalis digitis majoris; B. NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335529/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
): in dorsal aspect, processus extensorius short and rounded; os metacarpale majus robust; os metacarpale minus weakly arched creating narrow spatium intermetacarpale.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833564FFD0FF4FF94AFBA7F96B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1275,2021]" box="[199,1127,1671,1697]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913564FFD0FF4FF94AFE1DF96B" box="[199,477,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Phalanges digiti alulae I</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063564FFD0FE64F94AFDFFF96B" box="[492,575,1671,1697]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1474,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,417,1455]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 13. Comparison of carpometacarpi (ventral aspect, right side) of Mascarene rails, A. MI 925 Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s with unique preservation of phalanx digiti alulae I and phalanx proximalis digitis majoris; B. NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335529/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
): short, equal in length to os metacarpale alulare.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833564FFD0FF4FF966FBE5F90F" blockId="10.[151,1437,1275,2021]" box="[199,1061,1707,1733]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913564FFD0FF4FF966FD9AF90F" box="[199,602,1707,1733]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Phalanges digiti proximalis majoris</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063564FFD0FDE1F966FD7CF90F" box="[617,700,1707,1733]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1474,1499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1455]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,417,1455]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 13. Comparison of carpometacarpi (ventral aspect, right side) of Mascarene rails, A. MI 925 Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s with unique preservation of phalanx digiti alulae I and phalanx proximalis digitis majoris; B. NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335529/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
): short; pina cranialis indistinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833564FFD0FF4FF902FCC1F8B3" blockId="10.[151,1437,1275,2021]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003564FFD0FF4FF902FECBF923" authorityName="Megerle" authorityYear="1811" box="[199,267,1743,1769]" genus="Pelvis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913564FFD0FF4FF902FECBF923" box="[199,267,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pelvis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063564FFD0FE94F902FEB2F923" box="[284,370,1743,1769]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1720,1745]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,453,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1431,453,1701]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Comparison of pelves (dorsal aspect) of Mascarene rails, A. UMZC 303BB Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B. UMZC 303c Erythromachus leguati u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3430406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3430406/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
): extremely wide and robust; in dorsal view, sulcus antitrochantericus extend laterally beyond the ala preacetabularis; distinct, caudally-open canalis iliosynsacralis either side of the crista iliaca dorsalis; distinct foramina intertransversariae; ala postacetabularis ilii wide on lateral edge covering ala ischii; in lateral view, foramen acetabuli larger in size than foramen ilioischiadicum; crista iliaca dorsalis arched; in ventral view, two pronounced processus costales; ala ischii directed ventrad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833564FFD1FF4FF849FECFFE89" blockId="10.[151,1437,1275,2021]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,153,323]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913564FFD0FF4FF849FED2F857" box="[199,274,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Femur</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063564FFD0FEA9F84EFEB4F857" box="[289,372,1922,1949]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1672,1697]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,600,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,597,1653]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Comparison of femora (caudal aspect, right side), tibiotarsi (cranial aspect, right side) and tarsometatarsi (left side, dorsal aspect) of Mascarene rails. A., C., E. UMZC 303B Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B., D., F. UMZC 303c Erythromachus leguati u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335531/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
): extremely robust; in cranial view, shaft curved medially and directed caudally at the proximal end; crista trochanteris strongly deflected mediad; linea intermuscularis indistinct; sulcus patellaris deeply excavated; epicondylus lateralis distinct; condylus medialis extends the same distance distally as condylus lateralis; in medial aspect, crista trochanteris extends caudad, offsetting centrally facies articularis acetabularis; shaft strongly arched dorsally; in caudal aspect, impressiones obturatoriae distinct and directed cranially; linea intermuscularis caudalis distinct, forming a ridge; fossa poplitea deeply excavated; tuberculum m. gastrocnemialis lateralis rounded and separated from trochlea fibularis; condylus medialis smaller than condylus lateralis; trochlea fibularis deeply excavated.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D285660B3565FFD1FF1FFB92FDBFFB29" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335523/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,250,1119,1144]" targetBox="[151,1435,345,1100]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="864536833565FFD1FF1FFB92FDBFFB29" blockId="11.[151,1437,1119,1252]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FF1FFB92FED3FBB2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1119,1144]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Comparison of scapulae (medio-ventral aspect, left side; except B which is lateral aspect, right side) of Mascarene rails with
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003565FFD1FF72FB49FEB2FB56" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1893" box="[250,370,1156,1180]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Dryolimnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FF72FB49FEB2FB56" box="[250,370,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dryolimnas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FEF5FB4EFE4FFB56" bold="true" box="[381,399,1155,1180]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
. UMZC 579
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003565FFD1FD9CFB49FD38FB56" box="[532,760,1156,1180]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Aphanapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bonasia">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FD9CFB49FD38FB56" box="[532,760,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Aphanapteryx bonasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
u/s, right proximal UMZC 579 u/s;
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FBD7FB49FBB0FB56" bold="true" box="[1119,1136,1156,1180]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
. NHMUK u/r
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003565FFD1FA89FB49FF1DFB0A" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1874" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Erythromachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leguati">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FA89FB49FF1DFB0A" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Erythromachus leguati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
u/s;
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FE85FB6AFEDFFB0A" bold="true" box="[269,287,1191,1216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
. NHMUK 1882.2.28.2
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003565FFD1FD87FB65FCDEFB75" authority="cuvieri" authorityName="cuvieri: Sclater" authorityYear="1924" box="[527,798,1192,1216]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Dryolimnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cuvieri" subSpecies="cuvieri">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FD87FB65FCDEFB75" box="[527,798,1192,1216]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dryolimnas cuvieri cuvieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
u/s;
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FCC6FB65FCA0FB0A" bold="true" box="[846,864,1192,1216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
. NHMUK S/1989.38.1
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FBDAFB65FB3AFB0A" box="[1106,1274,1192,1216]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
D. c.
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003565FFD1FB0FFB65FB3AFB0A" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[1159,1274,1192,1216]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Rougetius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aldabranus">aldabranus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
♂;
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FAA8FB65FAF1FB0A" bold="true" box="[1312,1329,1192,1216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E</emphasis>
. NHMUK 1910.4.8.1
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FE81FB01FE48FB2E" box="[265,392,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
D.
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003565FFD1FEA0FB01FE48FB2E" baseAuthorityName="Ridgway" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[296,392,1228,1252]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Cylindraspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abbotti">c. abbotti</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="864536833565FFD1FF4FFADFFE0FFA76" blockId="11.[151,1437,1297,2045]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FF4FFADFFE85FAE6" box="[199,325,1298,1324]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tibiotarsus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063565FFD1FEDEFADFFE69FAE6" box="[342,425,1297,1324]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1672,1697]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,600,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,597,1653]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Comparison of femora (caudal aspect, right side), tibiotarsi (cranial aspect, right side) and tarsometatarsi (left side, dorsal aspect) of Mascarene rails. A., C., E. UMZC 303B Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B., D., F. UMZC 303c Erythromachus leguati u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335531/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063565FFD1FE3EFADFFE22FAE7" box="[438,482,1298,1325]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1549,1574]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,849,1529]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,849,1529]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 16a. Sexual dimorphism in the skeleton of Aphanapteryx bonasia: tibiotarsi (UMZC 303B left side, cranial aspect); tarsometatarsi (UMZC 303BB right side, dorsal aspect). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335533/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">16a</figureCitation>
): large and robust, especially at proximal and distal ends; in cranial view, sulcus extensorius deeply excavated, extending proximad; canalis extensorius oval-shaped; pons supratendineus wide and slightly arched, and situated mediad; crista fibularis extends short; crista cnemialis lateralis long; in caudal aspect, crista cnemialis cranialis weakly pronounced; shaft deep; condylus lateralis small, weakly rounded; depressio epicondylaris lateralis shallow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833565FFD1FF4FFA0BFD7AF9CE" blockId="11.[151,1437,1297,2045]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003565FFD1FF4FFA0BFED2FA2A" box="[199,274,1478,1504]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ceritellidae" genus="Fibula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FF4FFA0BFED2FA2A" box="[199,274,1478,1504]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fibula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: short and robust; in dorsal view, caput fibulae narrow and weakly grooved caudally; tuberculum m. iliofibularis pronounced and excavated cranially.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833565FFD1FF4FF9C2FE60F917" blockId="11.[151,1437,1297,2045]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FF4FF9C2FE41F9E2" box="[199,385,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tarsometatarsus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063565FFD1FE18F9C3FE21F9E2" box="[400,481,1549,1576]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1672,1697]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,600,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,597,1653]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Comparison of femora (caudal aspect, right side), tibiotarsi (cranial aspect, right side) and tarsometatarsi (left side, dorsal aspect) of Mascarene rails. A., C., E. UMZC 303B Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B., D., F. UMZC 303c Erythromachus leguati u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335531/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063565FFD1FE65F9C3FDF4F9E3" box="[493,564,1550,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1549,1574]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,849,1529]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,849,1529]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 16a. Sexual dimorphism in the skeleton of Aphanapteryx bonasia: tibiotarsi (UMZC 303B left side, cranial aspect); tarsometatarsi (UMZC 303BB right side, dorsal aspect). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335533/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">16a, b</figureCitation>
): large and robust; in dorsal aspect, trochleae metatarsorum distinctly splayed, especially trochlea. metatarsi II; metatarsi II directed slightly dorsad; retinaculum extensorium tarsometatarsi indistinct; in plantar aspect, foramen vasculare distale deeply excavated; fossa metatarsi I extends proximad; hypotarsi deflected laterad; on proximal end, a monocanaliculate hypotarsus (see
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723565FFD1FC45F9B6FB8DF95F" author="Mayr, G." box="[973,1101,1658,1685]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="196 - 210" refId="ref50110" refString="Mayr, G. (2016) Variations in the hypotarsus morphology of birds and their evolutionary significance. Acta Zoologica, 97, 196 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / azo. 12117" type="journal article" year="2016">Mayr 2016</bibRefCitation>
) with crista medialis flexoris digitorum longus; sulcus for tendon of musculus flexor perforatus digiti II and sulcus for tendon of musculus flexor hallucis longus present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEE065083565FFD1FF4FF92BFBAAF836" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="864536833565FFD1FF4FF92BFBAAF836" blockId="11.[151,1437,1297,2045]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FF4FF92BFEFDF8CA" bold="true" box="[199,317,1766,1792]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003565FFD1FECEF92BFE23F8CA" authorityName="Frauenfeld" authorityYear="1868" box="[326,483,1766,1792]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Aphanapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FECEF92BFE23F8CA" box="[326,483,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Aphanapteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a large flightless rail, approximately
<quantity id="41029B663565FFD1FC4FF928FBF8F8CB" box="[967,1080,1765,1793]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="cm" value="37.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="35.0">35–40 cm</quantity>
in total length, with extremely robust legs and reduced wings and tail. The bill was long, decurved and deep proximally, the plumage was hair-like and dull brownish-red in colouration, with the feathers of the nape elongate;
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723565FFD1FC66F8E3FB5AF882" author="Livezey, B. C." box="[1006,1178,1838,1864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref49693" refString="Livezey, B. C. (2003) Evolution of flightlessness in rails (Gruiformes: Rallidae): Phylogenetic, ecomorphological, and ontogenetic perspectives. In: Ornithological monographs 53. The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D. C., 654 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 40168337" type="book" year="2003">Livezey (2003)</bibRefCitation>
estimated a body mass of
<quantity id="41029B663565FFD1FF3DF89FFF3BF8A6" box="[181,251,1874,1900]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="kg" value="1.3">1.3 kg</quantity>
in the male and around
<quantity id="41029B663565FFD1FD8FF89FFDF7F8A6" box="[519,567,1874,1900]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="kg" value="1.0">1 kg</quantity>
for the female. Size variation between skeletal specimens (
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063565FFD1FB44F89FFAE9F8A7" box="[1228,1321,1874,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1549,1574]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,849,1529]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,849,1529]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 16a. Sexual dimorphism in the skeleton of Aphanapteryx bonasia: tibiotarsi (UMZC 303B left side, cranial aspect); tarsometatarsi (UMZC 303BB right side, dorsal aspect). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335533/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 16a</figureCitation>
) is almost certainly due to marked sexual dimorphism, with the male larger than the female, a common phenomenon in
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003565FFD1FAE4F8BBFF0DF87E" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rallidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723565FFD1FF53F857FEA0F87E" author="Olson, S. L." box="[219,352,1946,1972]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="357 - 363" refId="ref52862" refString="Olson, S. L. (1977) A synopsis on the fossil Rallidae. In: Dillon Ripley, S (Ed.), Rails of the World - A Monograph of the Family Rallidae. Codline, Boston, pp. 357 - 363." type="book chapter" year="1977">Olson 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723565FFD1FEE3F857FDC5F87E" author="Livezey, B. C." box="[363,517,1946,1972]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref49693" refString="Livezey, B. C. (2003) Evolution of flightlessness in rails (Gruiformes: Rallidae): Phylogenetic, ecomorphological, and ontogenetic perspectives. In: Ornithological monographs 53. The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D. C., 654 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 40168337" type="book" year="2003">Livezey 2003</bibRefCitation>
) (see Appendix 2). The bill was reported to be variable in curvature (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723565FFD1FAA1F857FF12F812" author="Greenway, J. C. Jr." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref46077" refString="Greenway, J. C. Jr. (1958) Extinct and Vanishing Birds of the World. American Committee for International Wild Life Protection, New York, 518 pp." type="book" year="1958">Greenway 1958</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723565FFD1FF57F873FEDBF813" author="Greenway, J. C. Jr." box="[223,283,1982,2009]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref46110" refString="Greenway, J. C. Jr. (1967) Extinct and Vanishing Birds of the World. American Committee for International Wild Life Protection 13. Dover Publication, New York, 520 pp." type="book" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
), but I have examined all known maxillae and found this not to be the case; however,
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003565FFD1FB77F873FA5CF812" authorityName="Frauenfeld" authorityYear="1868" box="[1279,1436,1982,2008]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Aphanapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913565FFD1FB77F873FA5CF812" box="[1279,1436,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Aphanapteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibited extreme variation in the total length of the rostrum (see Appendix 2,
<tableCitation id="CB7803383565FFD1FB8FF82FFB9DF836" box="[1031,1117,2018,2044]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="42.[151,239,802,826]" captionTargetBox="[166,1177,875,1353]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="TABLE 2. Wing chord and tarsus measurements (mm) of Dryolimnas cuvieri. For each entry, and where available, the first is mean, second in parentheses range, and third standard deviation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D285660B3544FFF0FF1FFCEFFC52FC95" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="D285660B3544FFF0FF1FFCEFFC52FC95">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink