189 lines
22 KiB
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189 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.416.6455" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d04a6beb-71b7-437b-aee9-e8eb32434a69" ID-PMC="PMC4109511" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-416-77" ID-PubMed="25061348" ID-ZBK="D81E380957044DE7AFEC098E7773D528" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-416-77" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 416" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic review of Cratocerus Dejean, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with the description of six new species" checkinTime="1451245752796" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Grzymala, Traci L. & Will, Kipling W." docDate="2014" docId="3DE71898A41CA28904F8118EC8B3A3FE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 416: 77-112" docOrigin="ZooKeys 416" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.416.6455" docTitle="Cratocerus Dejean 1829" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="0348FFC7FFA9E10FB234E239FFE0FFAD" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of Cratocerus Dejean, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with the description of six new species" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1668158676009" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Taxonomic review of Cratocerus Dejean, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with the description of six new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Grzymala, Traci L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Will, Kipling W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>416</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>77</mods:start>
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<mods:end>112</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.416.6455</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.416.6455</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-416-77</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152053632" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3DE71898A41CA28904F8118EC8B3A3FE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3DE71898A41CA28904F8118EC8B3A3FE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="80" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName authority="Dejean 1829" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cratocerus Dejean 1829</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="80" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cratocerus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Dejean, P" journalOrPublisher="Mequignon-Marvis, Paris" pageId="23" pageNumber="100" title="Species general des Coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome Quatrieme." year="1829">Dejean 1829</bibRefCitation>
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: 3, 12-13;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hope, FW" journalOrPublisher="Bohn, H. G., London" pageId="24" pageNumber="101" title="The Coleopterist'S, manual, the second part, containing the predaceous land and water beetles of Linnaeus and Fabricius" year="1838">Hope 1838</bibRefCitation>
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: 84;
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<bibRefCitation author="Chaudoir, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="23" pageNumber="100" pagination="3 - 104" title="Memoire sur la famille des Carabiques. Part III." volume="25" year="1852">Chaudoir 1852</bibRefCitation>
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: 77-79;
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<bibRefCitation author="Lacordaire, JT" journalOrPublisher="Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" pageId="24" pageNumber="101" title="Histoire naturelle des insects. Genera des Coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes, jusqu'ici dans et ordre d'insectes. Tome premier contenant les familles des cicindeletes, carabiques, dytiscides, gyrinides et palpicornes." year="1854">Lacordaire 1854</bibRefCitation>
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: 257, 263-264;
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<bibRefCitation author="Gemminger, M" journalOrPublisher="EH Gummi, Munich" pageId="24" pageNumber="101" title="Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Tomus I. Cicindelidae-Carabidae." year="1868">Gemminger and Harold 1868</bibRefCitation>
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: 250;
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<bibRefCitation author="Chaudoir, M" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique" pageId="23" pageNumber="100" pagination="5 - 24" title="Essai monographique sur les Drimostomides et les Cratocerides et description d'un genre nouveau de Morionides." volume="15" year="1872">Chaudoir 1872</bibRefCitation>
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: 17-18;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bertkau, P" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte" pageId="23" pageNumber="100" pagination="221 - 412" title="Bericht ueber die Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte der Insekten waehrend der Jahre 1871 und 1872." volume="39" year="1873">Bertkau 1873</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 269;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Chapuis, F" journalOrPublisher="Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" pageId="23" pageNumber="100" title="Histoire naturelle des insectes. Genera des coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique detous les genres proposees jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Tome douzieme. Famille des erotyliens, des endomychides et des coccinellides." year="1876">Chapuis 1876</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 269;
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<bibRefCitation author="Horn, GH" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society and Proceedings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences" pageId="24" pageNumber="101" pagination="91 - 196" title="On The genera of Carabidae, with special reference to The fauna of boreal America." volume="9" year="1881">Horn 1881</bibRefCitation>
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: 163;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bates, HW" editor="Godman, FD" journalOrPublisher="Taylor & Francis, London" pageId="23" pageNumber="100" title="Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera" year="1882">Bates 1882</bibRefCitation>
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: 90;
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<bibRefCitation author="Sloane, TG" journalOrPublisher="The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="25" pageNumber="102" pagination="234 - 250" title="The classification of the family Carabidae." volume="1 / 2" year="1923">Sloane 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 249;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Csiki," editor="Junk, W" journalOrPublisher="Schenkling, S., Berlin" pageId="23" pageNumber="100" title="Coleopterorum Catalogus." year="1929">Csiki 1929</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 493;
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<bibRefCitation author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="National Museum, Washington, D. C." pageId="23" pageNumber="100" title="Checklist of the Coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, The West Indies, and South America. Part 1. Bulletin of the U. S." year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 34;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Reichardt, H" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="24" pageNumber="101" pagination="321 - 342" title="Monogaph of Catapiesini a Neotropical tribe of Carabidae (Coleoptera)." volume="16" year="1973">Reichardt 1973</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 324-325;
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<bibRefCitation author="Whitehead, DR" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones Entomologicae" pageId="25" pageNumber="102" pagination="591 - 619" title="Classification of the Middle American genus Cyrtolaus Bates (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini)." volume="11" year="1974">Whitehead and Ball 1974</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 595;
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<bibRefCitation author="Reichardt, H" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones entomologicae" pageId="24" pageNumber="101" pagination="346 - 493" title="A synopsis of the genera of Neotropical Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera)." volume="13" year="1977">Reichardt 1977</bibRefCitation>
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: 407;
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<bibRefCitation author="Straneo, SL" journalOrPublisher="Bolettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="25" pageNumber="102" pagination="104 - 116" title="Chiavi per la determinazione dei generie sottogeneri dei Pterostichini dell'America del Sud. (Coleoptera Carabidae)." volume="109" year="1977">Straneo 1977</bibRefCitation>
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: 108, 115;
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<bibRefCitation author="Straneo, SL" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones Entomologicae" pageId="25" pageNumber="102" pagination="345 - 356" title="Notes about The classification of the South American Pterostichini with a key for determination of subtribes, genera and subgenera (Coleoptera: Carabidae)." volume="15" year="1979">Straneo 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 346, 352;
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<bibRefCitation author="Lorenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Lorenz, W., Tutzing, Germany" pageId="24" pageNumber="101" title="A systematic list of extant ground beetles of the world (Coleoptera " Geadephaga ": Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae)" year="2005">Lorenz 2005</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 248;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bouchard, P" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="23" pageNumber="100" pagination="1 - 972" title="Family-Group Names In Coleoptera (Insecta)." url="10.3897/zookeys.88.807" volume="88" year="2011">Bouchard et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: 124.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="80" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Type species:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus monilicornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monilicornis">Cratocerus monilicornis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Dejean, P" journalOrPublisher="Mequignon-Marvis, Paris" pageId="23" pageNumber="100" title="Species general des Coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome Quatrieme." year="1829">Dejean 1829</bibRefCitation>
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: 14-15.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
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Medium to small, rufopiceous to black beetles with a compact, convex body form. Head is relatively broad with prominent eyes and moniliform antennae. Elytral striae are distinctly sulcate. Tergite VIII is divided into hemitergites and those divided into epitergites. This combination of characters distinguishes members of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cratocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cratocerus</taxonomicName>
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from all other carabids within their range including similar genera, e.g.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Catapiesis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catapiesis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catapiesis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Moriosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Moriosomus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Moriosomus</taxonomicName>
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Motschulsky.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="81" start="start">Microsculpture</pageBreakToken>
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. Head dull in appearance with isodiametric microsculpture; pronotum shining with markedly transverse microsculpture; procoxa distinctly granulate isodiametric; abdominal sternites with transverse microsculpture. Head. Prominent supraorbital ridge, occasionally with slight rugosity; one or two pairs of supraorbital setae. Frons glabrous. Fronto-clypeal suture distinct. Clypeus with pair of setae present mediolaterally. Labrum with six anterior marginal setae, outer pair length 1/3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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middle pair, middle pair length 1/3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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inner pair; apex of labrum often slightly medially emarginate. Mentum with one pair of setae and prominent medial tooth, submentum with two pairs of setae; transverse suture between mentum and submentum complete. Scape glabrous except for one dorsal seta; pedicel length 1/3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of scape, constricted at base with slight apical expansion, with one ring of testaceous setae surrounding apex, antennomere 3 length 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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that of scape, longer than wide, with several rings of testaceous setae confined to apical 2/3; antennomeres 4-10 transverse and subequal to one another, covered with dense pubescence similarly colored to integument laterally, resulting in matte appearance, midline of antennomeres moderately pubescent; antennomere 11 slightly longer than 10 and broadly rounded apically; antennal length extended to pronotal base. Thorax. Pronotal disc 1.1-1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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wider than long. Median impression distinct, single basal fovea laterad or pair of fovea laterad with additional fovea overlaying medial impression. Pronotal hind angles sharply denticulate. Elytral length 2.3-2.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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pronotal length and 1.3-1.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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elytral width; striae moderately impressed, impunctate or crenulostriate, striae 1, 2, and 7 reaching elytral apex; striae 3 and 4 anastomozing anterad of elytral apex; striae 5 and 6 anastomozing anterad of elytral apex; intervals slightly convex or subtectiform; elytral humeri sharply denticulate; apex rounded, not truncate; plica absent. Legs. Protarsomeres 1-4 of males with paired rows of ventral setal pads formed from squamate setae; females with ventral mediolateral spines. Metatrochanter with one basal seta. Metafemur anterior face with one seta basally located and one medially located. Abdomen. Abdominal sternites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–VII">IV-VII</normalizedToken>
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glabrous except for a single pair of ambulatory setae; males without setiferous fovea; males and females with single pair of setae on sternite VII. Males with parameres glabrous, left paramere larger than right paramere, left paramere with simple to complex curvature (Fig. 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–g">a-g</normalizedToken>
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). Females without medial sclerotized ramus at base of gonocoxa; gonocoxa IX clearly separated into basal and apical aspects, gonocoxite 1 and gonocoxite 2; gonocoxite 2 apex pointed and curved laterad, with short, single, broad lateral ensiform seta and short, single, broad dorsal ensiform seta, apical sensory furrow with two nematiform setae; spermathecal gland lacking.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="81">The genus is distributed (Fig. 13) from southern Mexico throughout Central America, and into the South American countries of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, French Guiana, Brazil, and Argentina.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Adults are often collected under the bark of fallen tree branches.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="additional literature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Additional literature.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
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<bibRefCitation author="Dejean, P" journalOrPublisher="Mequignon-Marvis, Paris" pageId="23" pageNumber="100" title="Iconographie et histoire naturelle Coleopteres d'Europe. Tome Quatrieme." year="1834">Dejean and Boisduval 1834</bibRefCitation>
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: 15-17;
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<bibRefCitation author="Schaum, HR" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte" pageId="24" pageNumber="101" pagination="141 - 286" title="Bericht ueber die Leistungen in der Entomoloie waehrend des Jahres 1852." volume="19" year="1853">Schaum 1853</bibRefCitation>
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: 190;
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<bibRefCitation author="Schaum, HR" journalOrPublisher="Berliner entomologische Zietschrift" pageId="24" pageNumber="101" pagination="161 - 179" title="Das System der Carabicinen." volume="4" year="1860">Schaum 1860</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 174;
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<bibRefCitation author="Scudder, SH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="25" pageNumber="102" pagination=": 1" title="Nomenclator Zoologicus. An alphabetical list of all generic names that have been employed by naturalists for recent and fossil animals from the earliest times to the close of the year 1879." volume="19" year="1882">Scudder 1882</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 81;
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<bibRefCitation author="Emden, F Van" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="23" pageNumber="100" pagination="1 - 99" title="A key to The genera of larval Carabidae (Col.)." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.1942.tb03318.x" volume="92" year="1942">Emden 1942</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 34, 65;
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<bibRefCitation author="Darlington, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="23" pageNumber="100" pagination="323 - 564" title="The carabid beetles of New Guinea. Part 1. Cicindelinae, Carabinae, Harpalinae through Pterostichini." volume="126" year="1962">Darlington 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 507;
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Freitag, R" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones entomologicae" pageId="24" pageNumber="101" pagination="89 - 212" title="A revision of the species of the genus Evarthrus LeConte (Coleoptera: Carabidae)." volume="5" year="1969">Freitag 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 90;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Erwin, TL" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica" pageId="23" pageNumber="100" title="Relationships of predaceous beetles to tropical forest wood decay. Part II. The natural history of neotropical Eurycoleus macularis Chevrolat (Carabidae: Lebiini) and its implications in The evolution of ectoparasitoidism." url="10.2307/2989713" volume="8" year="1976">Erwin and Erwin 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 219;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Erwin, TL" editor="Erwin, TL" journalOrPublisher="Dr. W. Junk by Publishers, The Hague" pageId="23" pageNumber="100" title="Thoughts on the evolutionary history of ground beetles: hypotheses generated from comparative faunal analyses of lowland forest sites in temperate and tropical regions." volumeTitle="Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Carabidology" year="1979">Erwin 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 558;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Allen, RT" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="23" pageNumber="100" pagination="481 - 575" title="Synopsis of Mexican taxa of the Loxandrus series (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini)." volume="105" year="1979">Allen and Ball 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 491;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ball, GE" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="23" pageNumber="100" title="The Baron Maximilien de Chaudoir: Inheritance, associates, travels, work, and legacy." volume="36" year="1982">Ball and Erwin 1982</bibRefCitation>
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||
; 485, 498;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Erwin, TL" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones entomologicae" pageId="24" pageNumber="101" pagination="351 - 466" title="Carabid beetles of the West Indies (Insects: Coleoptera): A synopsis of the genera and checklists of tribes of Caraboidea, and of the West Indian species." volume="20" year="1984">Erwin and Sims 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 361, 376;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Erwin, TL" journalOrPublisher="Revista Peruana de Entomologia" pageId="23" pageNumber="100" pagination="1 - 85" title="Natural history of the carabid beetles at The BIOLAT Biological Station, Rio Manu, Pakitza, Peru." volume="33" year="1990">Erwin 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 40, 54, fig. 53;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Erwin, TL" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C." pageId="23" pageNumber="100" title="The ground-beetles of Central America (Carabidae), Part II: Notiophilini, Loricerini, and Carabini" year="1991">Erwin 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 7;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Will, K" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="25" pageNumber="102" pagination="459 - 481" title="New defensive chemical data for ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae): interpretations in a phylogenetic framework." url="10.1006/bijl.2000.0456" volume="71" year="2000">Will et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 467;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Will, K" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="25" pageNumber="102" pagination="637 - 641" title="A New Genus of Caelostomini (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Papua New Guinea." url="10.1649/701" volume="58" year="2004">Will 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 640.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |