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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="8070" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1019.61789" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9fd59f98-c81e-4d99-8be9-4271c54ea311" ID-PMC="PMC7921070" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1019-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DAA4D0FBF41E567C9DD577F2149C96B7" ID-PubMed="33679169" ID-ZooBank="52C453552309473A9ABB77B1D01A4FCD" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1019-1" checkinTime="1614092303634" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Williams, Gary C." docDate="2021" docId="0DEE81B7C4B0508A962DCB1FE0377564" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1019: 1-14" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1019" docPubDate="2021-02-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1019.61789" docTitle="Porcupinella profunda Lopez-Gonzalez &amp; Williams 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="DAA4D0FBF41E567C9DD577F2149C96B7" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="DAA4D0FBF41E567C9DD577F2149C96B7" masterDocTitle="The deep-sea pennatulacean genus Porcupinella - with the description of a new species from Tasmania (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Chunellidae)" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732848269143" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="12A7C8DA9B9640111F201954A7BC33B4">The deep-sea pennatulacean genus Porcupinella - with the description of a new species from Tasmania (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Chunellidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8400C9BA7CF6D75A3562F796419FC775">Williams, Gary C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D8F8D17A4A7A591722271B4DE8CAC2D2">California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="729EC07B6921C711D8612D5FA99AE9D8" type="email">gwilliams@calacademy.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="6575517D2E037C90E2F25C96035483C0">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="20E4FC8F122608267C3BCF3D53AB2D95">
<mods:date id="FD138D18C44228610076A2F8254A97D1">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1B9A14A2A9AF6FFD905BC23EA1DB6FF6">2021-02-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="85135610C07B549779F742ED7AA18CED">1019</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="3214D81BFCB0949C4D9E18F661746850">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2EFC87D046363E2C8600D1E797DCA14B" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1019.61789</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CA847E99D6103CDE0054EE2209261269" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1019-1</mods:identifier>
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<subSection id="3C4DA3C563722F077181DD7E1506F188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="systematic account">
<treatment id="0DEE81B7C4B0508A962DCB1FE0377564" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179905071" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0DEE81B7C4B0508A962DCB1FE0377564" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0DEE81B7C4B0508A962DCB1FE0377564" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Chunellidae" scope_order="Pennatulacea" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subClass="Octocorallia">
<subSubSection id="56C017FF8470D0E65783D6A8521C7CDE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E977F63A4C8565C26DED683E62B3DD43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="88D2AE5D323E792DDDCC2EC695418CED" ID-CoL="4LWN2" LSID="0DEE81B7-C4B0-508A-962D-CB1FE0377564" authority="Lopez-Gonzalez &amp; Williams, 2011" authorityName="Lopez-Gonzalez &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2011" class="Anthozoa" family="Chunellidae" genus="Porcupinella" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Porcupinella profunda" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profunda">
Porcupinella profunda
<normalizedToken id="23E4B07F3BE92D4EBE0BC149CC67DEA8" originalValue="López-González">Lopez-Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
&amp; Williams, 2011
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="645C477EE4BF9C9E705864D658126412" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Porcupinella profunda. Diagram of external Colonial morphology (CASIZ 180424). Abbreviations: a - axis; dt - distal terminus of the colony; k - keel of the stalk; la - lateral autozooid; p - peduncle, r - rachis; s - siphonozooid ta - terminal autozooid; tb - terminal bulb of the peduncle. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61789.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512426" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="41E3B5E7034E6E0D26668ABB905EC0DC" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Porcupinella profunda. Non-type material A-B CASIZ 180424 C-D CASIZ 180425 E-F CASIZ 180426; Scale bar: 20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61789.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512427" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="611A148D421A5B363A011424C1B13535" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Porcupinella spp. A world map of distribution. Porcupinella profunda (red circle), Porcupinella tasmanica sp. nov. (red triangle) B detailed map of the type locality of Porcupinella tasmanica sp. nov. (yellow circle = type locality). Map data 2020 Google." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61789.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="73C25297880F9DCA3764C2CD0BA37D66" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5FB5EEC6C0D7E277268BAD665173C499" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="8CB713FE37370270404E76C4186B09CF" authorityName="Lopez-Gonzalez &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2011" class="Anthozoa" family="Chunellidae" genus="Porcupinella" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Porcupinella profunda" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profunda">Porcupinella profunda</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="76E01706E0B5827F63E4101E01897088" originalValue="López-González">Lopez-Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
&amp; Williams, 2011: 311;
<bibRefCitation id="5317902BC73C2693C5FBADCB49BD96B4" author="Cordeiro, R" journalOrPublisher="Dr W Backhuys, Leiden, EJ Brill" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=206477" refId="B3" refString="Cordeiro, R, McFadden, C, Ofwegen, L, Williams, G, 2020b. World List of Octocorallia. Chunella Kuekenthal, 1902. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species. http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=206477" title="World List of Octocorallia. Chunella Kuekenthal, 1902. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species." url="http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=206477" year="2020 b">Cordeiro et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="73C8DC73F8B06166D9135045AAE488BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5DF20228DBECFEADA901443E0BE2ADFE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="308F9ABD4CD65A8D72FA3C5093424B2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Non-type/Voucher). CASIZ 180424, Northeast Atlantic Ocean, Porcupine Abyssal Plain (
<geoCoordinate id="40506CA8AB4F5D79E19F19D774013A02" degrees="48" direction="north" minutes="49.64" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="48.82733">48°49.64'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6F45332A0DB7DC4E9AD771D1CA7A6D8D" degrees="16" direction="west" minutes="30.12" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-16.502">16°30.12'W</geoCoordinate>
); 4841 m; 17 March 1998; coll. BENGAL cruises (EU Marine Science and Technology Programme, 1994-1998, Bottom Trawl); two whole colonies wet-preserved in 75% ethanol, original fixative 3% buffered formalin. CASIZ 180425, Northeast Atlantic Ocean, Porcupine Abyssal Plain (
<geoCoordinate id="F76E6919124778C4A2A40810FF61FF73" degrees="48" direction="north" minutes="48.30" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="48.805">48°48.30'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="55A09A21D18782689B3B08163B3AC5D6" degrees="16" direction="west" minutes="25.97" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-16.432833">16°25.97'W</geoCoordinate>
); 4839 m; 19 March 1998; coll. BENGAL cruises (EU Marine Science and Technology Programme, 1994-1998, Bottom Trawl); two whole colonies wet-preserved in 75% ethanol, original fixative 3% buffered formalin. CASIZ 180426, Northeast Atlantic Ocean, Porcupine Abyssal Plain (
<geoCoordinate id="17D2756CB544DFA5C887E14208F18ED0" degrees="48" direction="north" minutes="47.82" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="48.797">48°47.82'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A311F690E4979574A2C7C0D747065ACD" degrees="16" direction="west" minutes="40.37" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-16.672832">16°40.37'W</geoCoordinate>
); 4847 m; 10 January 1998; coll. BENGAL cruises (EU Marine Science and Technology Programme, 1994-1998; Bottom Trawl); two whole colonies wet-preserved in 75% ethanol, original fixative 3% buffered formalin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34AD5EF09530BD5CABD0514B39089358" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="BA504F373CAAAFF8593D0F2B4C4D396D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="628A5714D259E076DC1EE10CF28B61FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Recorded from the eastern Atlantic Ocean from the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (southwest of Ireland), south to equatorial latitudes, 4510-5300 m in depth. (
<bibRefCitation id="5D27ECAB3B2B80A690AFFF9FFEDDF554" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-010-0224-1" author="Lopez-Gonzalez, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Helgoland Marine Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="309 - 318" refId="B10" refString="Lopez-Gonzalez, PJ, Williams, GC, 2011. A new deep-sea pennatulacean (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Chunellidae) from the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (NE Atlantic). Helgoland Marine Research 65: 309 - 318, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-010-0224-1" title="A new deep-sea pennatulacean (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Chunellidae) from the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (NE Atlantic)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-010-0224-1" volume="65" year="2011">
<normalizedToken id="52D8CB37E32E94BD54C56CAF68558EA6" originalValue="López-González">Lopez-Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
and Williams 2011
</bibRefCitation>
: 314) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="72FE40D8B506882A20A1DA50972CD1BB" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Porcupinella spp. A world map of distribution. Porcupinella profunda (red circle), Porcupinella tasmanica sp. nov. (red triangle) B detailed map of the type locality of Porcupinella tasmanica sp. nov. (yellow circle = type locality). Map data 2020 Google." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61789.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="F5FFD6ACCE78CD27B853BC9189A2D0D4" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61789.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="7F5EA6DF52816898A01BA781DCC03824" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="62D3F51A95451E7608A1BC18156EA8E7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0A1789CCA09561ECA0BEB1C46A0AD8A6" authorityName="Lopez-Gonzalez &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2011" class="Anthozoa" family="Chunellidae" genus="Porcupinella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Porcupinella" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6252A5B1F4EF355E4C53450EFB461F99" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Porcupinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
<emphasis id="9E976FF806240C5E840D7F3D2AC8D319" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
world map of distribution.
<taxonomicName id="EE168F5D8FB6EFFBBBA3EFD3B11B7FFF" authorityName="Lopez-Gonzalez &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2011" class="Anthozoa" family="Chunellidae" genus="Porcupinella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Porcupinella profunda" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profunda">
<emphasis id="C51AA7E67CF8FAA47486E7EF869BF07C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Porcupinella profunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(red circle),
<taxonomicName id="E6EF58CF3D7AAEA0955F6D5ED025A0BF" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Chunellidae" genus="Porcupinella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Porcupinella tasmanica" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tasmanica">
<emphasis id="324537E5FA11730DA6081E0B8027FC77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Porcupinella tasmanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (red triangle)
<emphasis id="13170DF34071022E7655441D73A9736D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
detailed map of the type locality of
<taxonomicName id="DB755471A4C8386939FC5BE1A550F623" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Chunellidae" genus="Porcupinella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Porcupinella tasmanica" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tasmanica">
<emphasis id="F74E2B5341E466F1CD5B691C7CE7547B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Porcupinella tasmanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (yellow circle = type locality). Map data 2020 Google.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1D0CFB1C920D4D98998ABEFD27F6DE4F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="F58F3F75526588229A052946E9640A89" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B300E2D68F7F4EC2787B5FEEF5633D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The six whole colonies from the Porcupine Abyssal Plain that were examined for this study range in length from 29-41 mm (Figs
<figureCitation id="1690B65EF7E13F61E078EFE5248EEB5A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Porcupinella profunda. Diagram of external Colonial morphology (CASIZ 180424). Abbreviations: a - axis; dt - distal terminus of the colony; k - keel of the stalk; la - lateral autozooid; p - peduncle, r - rachis; s - siphonozooid ta - terminal autozooid; tb - terminal bulb of the peduncle. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61789.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512426" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1A4B6773FFCF1A3EC72753588D089661" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Porcupinella profunda. Non-type material A-B CASIZ 180424 C-D CASIZ 180425 E-F CASIZ 180426; Scale bar: 20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61789.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512427" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
). The colonies are slightly crescent-shaped to more-or-less straight. The polyp-bearing portion of the upper stalk is somewhat widened, forming a keel, where the relatively large lateral polyps are arranged (Fig.
<figureCitation id="85DD65CD0006383E714EED4F449B4E54" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Porcupinella profunda. Diagram of external Colonial morphology (CASIZ 180424). Abbreviations: a - axis; dt - distal terminus of the colony; k - keel of the stalk; la - lateral autozooid; p - peduncle, r - rachis; s - siphonozooid ta - terminal autozooid; tb - terminal bulb of the peduncle. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61789.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512426" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
). The axis is present throughout the length of the colonies, and is discernably wider in the rachis and is very close to the surface, which provides more rigidity to the polyp-bearing portion of the rachis. The total number of autozooids in any given colony is generally five - one terminal polyp and four lateral polyps. The siphonozooids are not particularly numerous and are presented as low rounded mounds on the surface of the rachis between the lateral and terminal autozoods and just proximal to the lateral autozooids. The distal portion of the stalk that contain the polyps is narrowly spearhead-shaped, and ends with a pointed tip or beak (Figs
<figureCitation id="49DC601889201B0B4C852647A0EEBEC3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Porcupinella profunda. Diagram of external Colonial morphology (CASIZ 180424). Abbreviations: a - axis; dt - distal terminus of the colony; k - keel of the stalk; la - lateral autozooid; p - peduncle, r - rachis; s - siphonozooid ta - terminal autozooid; tb - terminal bulb of the peduncle. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61789.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512426" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="7A1CCECD61923973E3EA69B79E926E67" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Porcupinella profunda. Non-type material A-B CASIZ 180424 C-D CASIZ 180425 E-F CASIZ 180426; Scale bar: 20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61789.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512427" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A, B</figureCitation>
). A single terminal polyp emanates from the base of the distal terminus. Two pairs of lateral polyps are oppositely disposed on the spearhead-shaped upper portion of the stalk. (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D39227C7D67177E9A06CFF21303CBE63" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Porcupinella profunda. Non-type material A-B CASIZ 180424 C-D CASIZ 180425 E-F CASIZ 180426; Scale bar: 20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61789.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512427" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
). The proximal end of the short peduncle is somewhat [slightly] swollen and forms a relatively narrow, elongated bulb (Figs
<figureCitation id="9D1557EBF61C70C7727B55D01E78514B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Porcupinella profunda. Diagram of external Colonial morphology (CASIZ 180424). Abbreviations: a - axis; dt - distal terminus of the colony; k - keel of the stalk; la - lateral autozooid; p - peduncle, r - rachis; s - siphonozooid ta - terminal autozooid; tb - terminal bulb of the peduncle. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61789.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512426" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="435E6543BDB893E8311038C9E55779AD" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Porcupinella profunda. Non-type material A-B CASIZ 180424 C-D CASIZ 180425 E-F CASIZ 180426; Scale bar: 20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61789.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512427" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A, F</figureCitation>
). Conspicuous sclerites are absent in all parts of the colony, with the exception of extremely small ovals in peduncle interior. The color of wet-preserved colonies is uniformly white throughout (Fig.
<figureCitation id="01CD5413B5A3B7823F54DCA064E3C61C" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Porcupinella profunda. Non-type material A-B CASIZ 180424 C-D CASIZ 180425 E-F CASIZ 180426; Scale bar: 20 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61789.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512427" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2E369C3144E4E5B374F7D1C4868BF12" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="247DB0A9421F19C5ED644CDABFCF710B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3530300D8452D7FB1D92CD6F85A96BB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
At least twenty-five collected colonies are known, thirteen of which are deposited at the
<normalizedToken id="E04F90B0A1A82E158F3B0B7B08518C90" originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
national
<normalizedToken id="D62893BA2BC1FCF45BB5E1629E745CB6" originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
Naturelle (MNHN), six at the Biodiversidad y
<normalizedToken id="1E54AE85349F166F13A7237A32C8D9E8" originalValue="Ecología">Ecologia</normalizedToken>
de Invertebrados Marinos of the University of Seville (BEIM), and six at the California Academy of Sciences (CAS).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>
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