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<document id="78CD748FE97F7159081B81D083CC249D" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.173.2498" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5b93df74-43b1-40e4-aeba-3aa975e2af67" ID-PMC="PMC3307359" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-173-11" ID-PubMed="22448118" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-173-11" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 173" ModsDocTitle="Commensal Leucothoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Part III: coral rubble-dwellers" checkinTime="1451249315473" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="White, Kristine N. &amp; Reimer, James Davis" docDate="2012" docId="3820E97699EE5209FE0AC2FFA3935D2B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 173: 11-50" docOrigin="ZooKeys 173" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.173.2498" docTitle="Paranamixis Schellenberg 1938" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="4439C6096222FFF01756FF84FFB8C564" masterDocTitle="Commensal Leucothoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Part III: coral rubble-dwellers" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1732488603900" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8EF00B3909819C643107DF084D598B35">Commensal Leucothoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Part III: coral rubble-dwellers</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3EDBE48EF34AF7EC75180630563CEE2A">White, Kristine N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ABB8BCD7F32BAE77CFF5305DFD201E73">Reimer, James Davis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="5B3BE76F09C2647AD949FF2216CB2239">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="37CBE7786029F92E4AA99EEE6085EEB8">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5B6E39C039157AB2BFD6ECE1F7C38FFD" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.173.2498</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3820E97699EE5209FE0AC2FFA3935D2B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152033437" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3820E97699EE5209FE0AC2FFA3935D2B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3820E97699EE5209FE0AC2FFA3935D2B" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" scope_family="Leucothoidae" scope_order="Amphipoda">
<subSubSection id="EE493CF946D849371506F5D88355A2A9" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FD4EF01F85DBFCA755A5C89C59785F16" pageId="23" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="5A17C7019BB1482F661619892C25DAEC" ID-CoL="7PS2M" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Paranamixis" authority="Schellenberg, 1938" authorityName="Schellenberg" authorityYear="1938" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Paranamixis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranamixis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paranamixis Schellenberg, 1938</taxonomicName>
Figures 13, 14
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C62B9C63830C0CBBD68CF8ECCA587501" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="02479666FE716EF2FEC004E702089C5B" pageId="23" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="2400D3B7EF9EF5FD31E8281402F3FB77" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Paranamixis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranamixis misakiensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="misakiensis">Paranamixis misakiensis</taxonomicName>
Thomas, 1997: 89-91, fig. 26.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5B9A8D6CDCC6D7F9D50CB613F1696862" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" type="material examined">
<paragraph id="F1EE08A4B9EE48A0E04A6385AF092F73" pageId="23" pageNumber="34">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C8A75572BD5E8DF87D0663C162230F3" pageId="23" pageNumber="34">
Anamorph male, 3.5 mm RUMF-ZC-1875, Haruta, Yakushima Island, Kagoshima, reef wall (
<geoCoordinate id="3611C86FD76B48C5CF5FBD9742A036A4" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="30.303333">30°18'12&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9782589CC823CCCA5D81E8830AF7799C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="130.65778">130°39'28&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), among coral rubble, 10 m, K.N. White and N.S. White, col., 27 May 2011 (KNWYaku4C).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EC8098AC641BFA719D0C70D0B9A7B8A" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="24" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis (anamorph male)">
<paragraph id="8D8E9F5DDAD002EBD42726B9D83E2B12" pageId="24" pageNumber="35">
<pageBreakToken id="70D3C0722A685AB7FFA20443AB96C6F6" pageId="24" pageNumber="35" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
(Anamorph male).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69FB7C8390FFCF47A15A75C4F59FFE88" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="24" pageNumber="35">
Head anterior margin oblique, anterodistal margin oblique with notch; ventral cephalic keel anterior margin oblique with projection and excavation. Antenna 2 longer than antenna 1. Maxilliped inner plates fused
<pageBreakToken id="E4E86D81ADEC2075C1DDEAE6690CAC30" pageId="25" pageNumber="36" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
apical notch. Gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal margin subtriangular, bi-cuspidate. Gnathopod 2 coxa broader than long, greatly enlarged, distal margin with anterior and posterior cusps; basis anterior margin with distal serrate ridge; carpus distally
<pageBreakToken id="51CC31E76B3D7DA1B55A4E1E1C9378DC" pageId="26" pageNumber="37" start="start">tapered</pageBreakToken>
, anterior margin dentate; dactylus proximal margin dentate with 2 plumose setae. Telson apex rounded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CE868273E3B3BDFFC3D3584D7E9743A" pageId="26" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="39409827D623C78BC13A303BE17D7ED5" pageId="26" pageNumber="37">Description (Anamorph male).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5346B7CF2E184E2239D47D6AE1DBA2F6" pageId="26" pageNumber="37">
Head. Anterior margin oblique, anterodistal margin oblique with notch, distal margin rounded; ventral cephalic keel anterior margin oblique with projection and excavation, anteroventral margin quadrate, produced, ventral margin oblique; eyes present with more than 10 ommatidia, round. Antenna 1 0.3
<normalizedToken id="A47EC31594D7A528F70274EB7ABBB5E7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
body length, flagellum 7-articulate, peduncle article 1 width less than 2
<normalizedToken id="25E5E01A181D74DF18C8B104C31FBBE0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
article 2, accessory flagellum 1-articulate. Antenna 2 0.4
<normalizedToken id="4410B5992279EBAD71FB17475B9C9D64" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
body length, longer than antenna 1, flagellum 3-articulate. Mouthparts reduced. Maxilliped inner plates fused with apical notch; outer plate inner margin smooth, reaching 0.1
<normalizedToken id="F835A1B5C0ABD0A4FDE6AC58A7E421EB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
palp article 1, bare; palp 4-articulate, article 4 elongate, distally acute.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="807637B63744DD786E52B9CEB1CAB967" pageId="26" pageNumber="37">
Pereon. Coxae 1-4 relative widths 1.0: 2.9: 1.7: 2.0. Gnathopod 1 absent, coxa smooth, with tiny marginal setae, anterodistal margin produced, subtriangular, bi-cuspidate, distal margin oblique, posterior margin straight, facial setae absent. Gnathopod 2 coxa broader than long, greatly enlarged, smooth, bare, anterior margin rounded, anterodistally rounded, distal margin rounded with anterior and posterior cusps, posterior margin rounded, facial setae absent; basis distally expanded, anterior margin with distal serrate ridge and 7 short setae, posterior margin with 1 posterodistal seta; ischium bare; carpus 0.8
<normalizedToken id="BCB94CC1CA1AEBF941E23C15FFB945E4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
propodus length, curved, distally tapered, anterior margin dentate; propodus with 1 mediofacial setal row above midline, reaching 0.5
<normalizedToken id="C9BF6D4F78FD5A8455694C69D01C786E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
propodus length, with 1 row of submarginal setae, posterior margin serrate, palm convex with 3 major and many small tubercles; dactylus curved, proximal margin dentate with 2 plumose setae, anterior margin distally obtuse, reaching 0.3
<normalizedToken id="5966D5F7EA8D0F7CF754DF004917F743" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
propodus length. Pereopod 3 coxa length 1.4
<normalizedToken id="E7CDBD0AC3A0848C9763244E38496978" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width, anterodistal corner overriding distal face of coxa 2, not extending below it, smooth, bare, anterior margin straight, distal margin straight with mid-distal cusp, posterior margin straight, facial setae absent. Pereopod 4 coxa smooth, bare, anterior margin straight, distal margin rounded with anterior and mid-distal cusps, posterior margin excavate, facial setae absent. Pereopods 5-7 coxae facial setae absent; bases width length ratios 1: 1.3, 1: 1.3, 1: 1.4, posterior margins smooth, setose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A0EBC4D5902AF53B2E2D50DE281CF700" pageId="26" pageNumber="37">
Pleon. Epimera 1-3 bare; epimeron 3 posteroventral corner quadrate. Uropods 1-3 relative lengths 1.0: 0.8: 0.9. Uropod 1 peduncle 0.9
<normalizedToken id="762E8D9037B91D1220E6AEDA8971D2B7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length, outer ramus 0.5
<normalizedToken id="A12BDED79E5E20FE3BF1782581074DF7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length; inner ramus with 4 robust setae, outer ramus with 2 robust setae. Uropod 2 peduncle 0.8
<normalizedToken id="4E0D9C61B7A2FD31F904ED995DD74754" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length, outer ramus 0.6
<normalizedToken id="4094195F67913CEC21704CFB71E6A986" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length; inner and outer rami each with 3 robust setae. Uropod 3 peduncle 1.3
<normalizedToken id="0CCD5F655E65B5703FAD9B107453B5B9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length, outer ramus 0.7
<normalizedToken id="A01996BEEA93135425B079CE8C60B36A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length; inner ramus bare, outer ramus with one robust seta. Telson 1.1
<normalizedToken id="56285DCBA205B43A09C73C29662BA329" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide, apex rounded.
</paragraph>
<caption id="67E02C59FE39C7D335EDBE813C33400E" pageId="26" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="80290E839E82A78BCB7CEE5B12395E89" pageId="26" pageNumber="37">
Figure 13.
<taxonomicName id="01A44D9E02AE5D1955EF45ACC60E7825" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Paranamixis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranamixis misakiensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="26" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="misakiensis">Paranamixis misakiensis</taxonomicName>
Thomas, 1997, male anamorph, 3.5 mm, RUMF-ZC-1875.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="5C9A6608AF256472B5C224C609E36130" pageId="26" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="200F1C54AF664CF66283ED13ED94A947" pageId="26" pageNumber="37">
Figure 14.
<taxonomicName id="40132E763597B9EE92FCD8AF63B07EDE" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Paranamixis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranamixis misakiensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="26" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="misakiensis">Paranamixis misakiensis</taxonomicName>
Thomas, 1997, male anamorph, 3.5 mm, RUMF-ZC-1875.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0F9F50D7A48C05DF4C4309D592FC6A0" pageId="26" pageNumber="37" type="leucomorph (juvenile and sexually dimorphic characters)">
<paragraph id="EC8B21B951669F2CB84CAE8574EC039C" pageId="26" pageNumber="37">Leucomorph (juvenile and sexually dimorphic characters).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7630078E296A0EA0F6631710D3BFED4E" pageId="26" pageNumber="37">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33041A9169B3A42BB42259D3565FD074" pageId="26" pageNumber="37" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="4AE49351651A078E0A57C3CC55E717BA" pageId="26" pageNumber="37">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0774638E55BBF65135631179D41B9941" pageId="26" pageNumber="37">Host unknown, presumably in sponges in coral rubble.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A60FE8FA16E8528B92846D7F7C5885ED" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="26" pageNumber="37" type="relationships">
<paragraph id="D1B40B099262BA05CF9BA8E70A401792" pageId="26" pageNumber="37">Relationships.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A9E0B0D415B062A9D26339E9EB165AF0" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="26" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="7B63BC1B04BE394B1C1ECE562ECCB282" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Paranamixis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranamixis misakiensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="26" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="misakiensis">Paranamixis misakiensis</taxonomicName>
appears most closely related to
<taxonomicName id="9024F64A9EA27FC4AEB27E8B1DC8EF23" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Paranamixis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranamixis thomasi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="26" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomasi">Paranamixis thomasi</taxonomicName>
in the cuspate, oblique anterodistal head margin, excavate anterior ventral cephalic keel margin, apically cleft maxilliped inner plates, and enlarged gnathopod 2 coxa.
<taxonomicName id="BAD79C9EC99E675EB83AEE0108611B8C" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Paranamixis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranamixis misakiensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="26" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="misakiensis">Paranamixis misakiensis</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="83B1785F1B50649A8A15E66A25015798" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Paranamixis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranamixis thomasi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="26" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomasi">Paranamixis thomasi</taxonomicName>
in the following: ventral cephalic keel
<pageBreakToken id="1B02B02192193946A05A3A649211606D" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" start="start">anterior</pageBreakToken>
margin with mid-distal projection; gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin with a much larger serrate ridge, propodus with one mediofacial setal row, dactylus proximal margin and dentate.
<taxonomicName id="76D0BF2BB4B7F1E7BECBFCC4D085A26C" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Paranamixis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranamixis denticulus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticulus">Paranamixis denticulus</taxonomicName>
Kim and Kim, 1991 and
<taxonomicName id="405E3FE30D1253796836596F4C28F1FA" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Paranamixis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranamixis aberro" order="Amphipoda" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aberro">Paranamixis aberro</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="76A876543344767F354E9CCBC6984821" author="Hirayama, A" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="30" pageNumber="41" pagination="75 - 150" title="Studies on the shallow water Gamarridean Amphipoda of West Kyushu, Japan I. Acanthonotozomatidae, Ampeliscidae, Ampithoidae, Amphilochidae, Anamixidae, Argissidae, Atylidae, &amp; Colomastigidae." volume="28" year="1983">Hirayama 1983</bibRefCitation>
also share the oblique, cuspate anterior head margin, but differ in many other aspects.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EAD6C7CEDDC78C6ECFF636C3B9F51FFA" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="FBA38C89ABE60C659802C65F084751F9" pageId="27" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="34B3E8719F58C43C36667AEF8C948A01" pageId="27" pageNumber="38">
Anamorph males of
<taxonomicName id="B6E097F87A128AE8A3E057CB62B0B552" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Paranamixis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranamixis misakiensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="misakiensis">Paranamixis misakiensis</taxonomicName>
is white in color with pink stripes along pereonite edges (Figure 15G). This species was collected from Yakushima Island, extending its known range approximately 1000 kilometers. The specimen from Yakushima closely agrees with
<normalizedToken id="7EE1FC78178F89CEBEDAC47526145121" originalValue="Thomas">Thomas'</normalizedToken>
1997 description, differing slightly in the ventral cephalic keel, which is excavate with a mid-distal projection, versus excavate in
<normalizedToken id="7A48A0C81195031DCD29FA584FE66478" originalValue="Thomas">Thomas'</normalizedToken>
1997 material.
</paragraph>
<caption id="8E81DDFC75519131681527A6FAB9054A" pageId="27" pageNumber="38">
<paragraph id="5C96FFCC06CF8DBD161C2C784D4F63FA" pageId="27" pageNumber="38">
Figure 15. Color plate of new leucothoid amphipod species. A
<taxonomicName id="F7FCFC35A936416E4B87D8F9C579778E" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Anamixis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anamixis sentan" order="Amphipoda" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sentan">Anamixis sentan</taxonomicName>
sp. n. anamorph male B
<taxonomicName id="EB826AA8DCC01116B6D320B0B545918D" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Anamixis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anamixis sentan" order="Amphipoda" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sentan">Anamixis sentan</taxonomicName>
sp. n. leucomorph female C
<taxonomicName id="F5FDAF76D50DB17EEA5B2B956A1526E5" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe enko" order="Amphipoda" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enko">Leucothoe enko</taxonomicName>
sp. n. D
<taxonomicName id="F14EF21C892F22C000B27A4F35A6ADD2" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe akaisen" order="Amphipoda" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akaisen">Leucothoe akaisen</taxonomicName>
sp. n. E
<taxonomicName id="C55C82A51AE677F55778C7F800C4FE98" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe kebukai" order="Amphipoda" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kebukai">Leucothoe kebukai</taxonomicName>
sp. n. F
<taxonomicName id="4BFF9B22CA15283BE5A236843CBC940E" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe chiisainame" order="Amphipoda" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiisainame">Leucothoe chiisainame</taxonomicName>
sp. n. G
<taxonomicName id="4AE2AA30E965E606F23392AF487A48FF" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Paranamixis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranamixis misakiensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="misakiensis">Paranamixis misakiensis</taxonomicName>
Thomas, 1997 H
<taxonomicName id="E85A9399892439D2306FBC889E5B6F62" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe akuma" order="Amphipoda" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akuma">Leucothoe akuma</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="402E9405CD4F5D1C867C818C5FB85E5D" pageId="27" pageNumber="38">
<paragraph id="FD54B4BF23D412B9037975581321D427" pageId="27" pageNumber="38">Figure 16. Sponge-filled coral rubble.</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1DA2FC8ED00F7979CA0895E6AA4FC8B5" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4476CAA6806A1625F453C86E24C68E42" pageId="27" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="414B08A8E34691CCB6797BCC642F5CA7" pageId="27" pageNumber="38">East China Sea: Yakushima Island (Kagoshima), Japan. Pacific Ocean: Misaki, Miura Peninsula (Kanagawa), Japan.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>