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<document id="099DFA03A6769CC8BA24ED3BB0FA4E4B" ID-DOI="10.3897/jhr.97.127500" ID-ZooBank="F340D011-940A-47BB-9A5B-78D9B3DE1833" ID-publisher-id="127500" URI-arpha="03041528-079C-5F0A-A2DB-9DDB50728C61" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/F340D011-940A-47BB-9A5B-78D9B3DE1833" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1725892545912" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Benda, Daniel, Pohl, Hans, Beutel, Rolf &amp; Straka, Jakub" docDate="2024" docId="37A97AD875BA520F92702EF7A8A71568" docLanguage="en" docName="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 721-739" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97" docSource="https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/127500/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Pohl &amp; Beutel &amp; Straka 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="8AD765DD-069C-44E2-BAAA-46020E29AC56" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="739" masterDocId="03041528079C5F0AA2DB9DDB50728C61" masterDocTitle="Solitary folded-winged wasps of the genus Zethus Fabricius (Vespidae, Zethinae) parasitised by two new species of Strepsiptera on different continents" masterLastPageNumber="739" masterPageNumber="721" pageNumber="721" updateTime="1725892608762" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods id="FA1C5EE3FF4262E6C5C0953416CEC4E0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E70FC725CA757C89E8836041D4661604">
<mods:title id="3455DAFF73A9CC04ED0F68EE15B1BDA3">Solitary folded-winged wasps of the genus Zethus Fabricius (Vespidae, Zethinae) parasitised by two new species of Strepsiptera on different continents</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="ED98DD5EFCEC4565A6E5FD1CA4514BB0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C21269B9427E3FAAECFDE17DB4F888CC">
<mods:roleTerm id="9046DC8879D081C04D6D9C3A6BD6D4B3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9D7B51A82F72CA1D322CEB8EA4E35FDE">Benda, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6F3091170BE4DEF26D2C8E7B9521E506" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5729-0411</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1EDD17D0F3782C57E84A6EE6AA20B269">Department of Entomology, National Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic &amp; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="EAABA7BEA9C094DB83E10DC8A55B2605" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B7FA6EF4FD2D605E04F9CB3B513C3B30">
<mods:roleTerm id="36E9E3B5A3DD24305255458455DF6B2E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5831E7FE5EC616C425E49376A3DBEDC4">Pohl, Hans</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D0FBA488ACA8807DC65A8FC7A3B559D7" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7090-6612</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="7A96D0825286E26652ECC433D8B4C198">Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7631C881438FFAD8A975C479EE4CA8D8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1EE8EC4DFEAB075BF586F2A7374C9F7C">
<mods:roleTerm id="FEE938A44C1D824A8525B7347E7DDD28">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2E6BF70A61F02210963630D1A879F69D">Beutel, Rolf</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BDBBAB3FDA170EEC6DD641080ECBA86E">Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0DA81AFD91841BA7312CA3FFACADBDEB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="44056A0C7B954CB3A56B73052DF34E86">
<mods:roleTerm id="5C0FC9D2B191207C330B0AACB0FCE6F9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="ACE828EB8A2CDAFC467CCEA694B1B6FC">Straka, Jakub</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2280A47A513D8DE26ED1AEAAFBEC8753" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8987-1245</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="CF993A2C4C15B5BD692CA105C7D50F78">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F1B55F2913370C1A9DE280ACAB083D40">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="FA25AD70EE549D7672A7DDEB9F96241F" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="B18FCE56CBC349753B385A147A359504">
<mods:title id="158D261DA0EB92CD804717AF8D2BD2E8">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="224D89E37D4A0BB4CAB6A2264DCF7389">
<mods:date id="544E76655E0FBAE81F5570EBB7A83EE9">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="50A1D346DC748C8EDDA5D382B886CB89" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="CC4A4BE0255A4171C278A505491DA88D">2024-09-09</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="7DAAABD344BD5679654A9EF8F600221F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="9D127AC3B40D0D53A5C0848E84FD0FCE">97</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="3BD648164693169F24A9A8AF1342A7D4" unit="page">
<mods:start id="839BB498034D5D2B125B826D80C50554">721</mods:start>
<mods:end id="C1A24D4137FE190552681CA03DD7EB21">739</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="FC50B7A31563A06D32E72EEB97E64F90">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B34185AC70BA63EFBBDA976372C36960" type="DOI">10.3897/jhr.97.127500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="548E43C2DB0B223AE971BD87F3FE48CB" type="ZooBank">F340D011-940A-47BB-9A5B-78D9B3DE1833</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="37A97AD875BA520F92702EF7A8A71568" ID-arpha="37A97AD8-75BA-520F-9270-2EF7A8A71568" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/8AD765DD-069C-44E2-BAAA-46020E29AC56" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8AD765DD-069C-44E2-BAAA-46020E29AC56" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8AD765DD-069C-44E2-BAAA-46020E29AC56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/37A97AD875BA520F92702EF7A8A71568">
<subSubSection id="259D1467B71123BFD0523F2F73EE7D89" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C07631A9DB9166A6756DCC1787D5EACE">
<taxonomicName id="3E8702878BC6C06B8684ABE001B6A3E2" authority="Benda &amp; Straka" authorityName="Benda &amp; Pohl &amp; Beutel &amp; Straka" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eupathocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zethi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FB68B0B94F1478D39C10FB2A6F106F25" italics="true">Eupathocera zethi</emphasis>
Benda &amp; Straka
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F31AD8517832C8B5E90638E608AD37A6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQBAE" type="type material">
<paragraph id="EF062E2F52222FF6CA6610E9042675C6">
<heading id="B837DC401ADF73363FC64E30FE8E02F9" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="89114C7E2FDA9FCACABB2876AD76AD05">
<materialsCitation id="569626463ADDEEBDD7C6D4F225E23EBE" collectingDate="2015-10-18" collectionCode="NMPC" collectorName="Naoki Ogawa" country="French Guiana" location="Cayenne" municipality="Roura" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="E88F1D8734FA818ED96A28D36594CE25" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="D2271217669CE7FA729C34BFD523DE3D" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
•
<collectingCountry id="90D662EBC6C64903D84CC17DCA49ABCF" name="French Guiana">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="E081D441FAA9A7D94838D8773A962409" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<location id="AF69DA6B53119CAE2BC8DC1F8A85B287" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:37A97AD875BA520F92702EF7A8A71568:AF69DA6B53119CAE2BC8DC1F8A85B287" country="French Guiana" municipality="Roura" name="Cayenne">Cayenne</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="2AF38776123FE7F7FB4995D80CE4DA94">Roura</collectingMunicipality>
env.,
<date id="6968BCF156C0F6D60ED34325A0F62C6A" value="2015-10-18">
<collectingDate id="184BDA5958B79BB199FBF8524DEC29CB" value="2015-10-18">18 Oct. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="9854BE9E64A8742267827AD973DEF533">Naoki Ogawa</collectorName>
leg.;
<named-content id="AE88D894CC407DB6844F7CB24344613F" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-prague-0" xlink_title="National Museum of the Czech Republic">
<collectionCode id="0394D48B619B08379BFB39DC7AAB8529" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hj12-2xm7" name="National Museum Prague" type="">NMPC</collectionCode>
</named-content>
; host:
<taxonomicName id="146B6DA1E0AC022E43694DACDCC0E106" authority="R. Bohart &amp; Stange, 1965" authorityName="R. Bohart &amp; Stange" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="brasiliensis" subSpecies="fuscatus">
<emphasis id="1DDE8A612867AB7189C8004C7BE139FE" italics="true">Zethus brasiliensis fuscatus</emphasis>
R.
<bibRefCitation id="63F03D1C92D73BC4F576E72ECC4C8589" author="Bohart R &amp; Stange L" journalOrPublisher="University of California Publications in Entomology" pagination="1-216" refId="B6" refString="Bohart R, Stange L (1965) A Revision of the Genus Zethus Fabricius in the Western Hemisphere (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae). University of California Publications in Entomology 40: 1 - 216." title="A Revision of the Genus Zethus Fabricius in the Western Hemisphere (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae)." volume="40" year="1965">Bohart &amp; Stange, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C66F6421DF7C6077055989A2F12C5CC6">
<materialsCitation id="78893E517B02D6742F2C032057867746" collectingDate="2000-07-16" collectingDateMax="2015-10-18" collectingDateMin="2000-07-16" collectionCode="YNPC, OLML" collectorName="Naoki Ogawa &amp; Ji. Kadlec &amp; NE Mount de Kaw Fourgassie &amp; M. Snizek" country="French Guiana" location="Relais de Patawa" municipality="Mount de Kaw Fourgassie" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B4DFDAA49AFE4EE9CACD7107A5E42096" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="A2437BE10791B24BE53DBCB67FD191EF" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
•
<collectingCountry id="909CEDDB935D6337FE71968644E5804F" name="French Guiana">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="69BF99F3502125A18AAB4FC999B60201" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; same host specimen (collection data) as for
<typeStatus id="36A6B9832317A1EC6821AD476D210F2D" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<date id="6BBCD10220CE77523D29E32C9CCD5C4B" value="2015-10-18">
<collectingDate id="A7304098752E7130CC4AB63E68B1CCA5" value="2015-10-18">18 Oct. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="7D8E83DF50CA9FB12E33C02607B5F839">Naoki Ogawa</collectorName>
leg.;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EVCAE" xlink_title="Yuta Nakase personal collection">
<collectionCode id="2ACE7C77DE1355522AC899471FDBFCB0">YNPC</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
;
<specimenCount id="00CCA33542B6DF89A78D2606C8B9B71E" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
+ 1 empty male puparium (EMP),
<specimenCount id="B22DA86392CFBEA4C9F004D9989D9F4A" count="2" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<locationDeviation id="FD0B63BBB3A9BAC4EFD99EFC9118C8E9" location="Roura">
<quantity id="6081FBCED164B1A9EC81D714A97E15DF" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
S of Roura
</locationDeviation>
,
<location id="E8F1D4E05E30A7023220007EE832E4B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:37A97AD875BA520F92702EF7A8A71568:E8F1D4E05E30A7023220007EE832E4B2" country="French Guiana" municipality="Mount de Kaw Fourgassie" name="Relais de Patawa">Relais de Patawa</location>
,
<date id="1F84205B90DEE9DCDF3007D59A1C163F" value="2000-07-16">
<collectingDate id="612C8FBF509F9A46F3681CDD68BFAD88" value="2000-07-16">16 July 2000</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="09BF2186450E090E4A66B2B050B8E406">Ji. Kadlec</collectorName>
leg.;
<named-content id="2092602B12E8DE5D67CE3A8E2F23123C" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/ober%C3%B6sterreichisches-landesmuseum" xlink_title="Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum">
<collectionCode id="E78A9F82FCDCE534E33C764D7E2DAEC9" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pp0t-48s3" name="Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum" type="Museum">OLML</collectionCode>
</named-content>
; same host species as
<typeStatus id="FB3FF69E6CC384E8E4F08A17AEB6A6D8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
;
<specimenCount id="37934F68FC255650F3F6917ED9E772AF" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="3DE86BBD73088D28D3A8AEAB82F14A0A">
NE
<collectingMunicipality id="C7D574B94CECABC9B34AB9170664879B">Mount de Kaw Fourgassie</collectingMunicipality>
</collectorName>
,
<date id="C22AFCDBC4355E627161CB862747D881" value="2006-08-05">
<collectingDate id="42E50671473A162F3E224F785975C8E0" value="2006-08-05">5. Aug. 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="BDC80C750A9F888A6E354B875B3EF6D6">M. Snížek</collectorName>
;
<named-content id="2005599221D9F06D5BA2D2924684FCAB" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/ober%C3%B6sterreichisches-landesmuseum" xlink_title="Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum">
<collectionCode id="6EDBF4F8FA1DE65FE3DF4378EA5CCF84" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pp0t-48s3" name="Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum" type="Museum">OLML</collectionCode>
</named-content>
; same host species as
<typeStatus id="FD07690197311B00AC79A44E0B74970F" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EBDAE" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2DA78D2F0C462E07D0BB5DC93A8CEA8E">
<heading id="86A0B0E20292255AED30FBEC09FF9F9D" reason="title">Diagnosis of female cephalothorax.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="199C87C5614AC90232D230182575AAB8">
This species is diagnosed by a combination of characters. It differs from all remaining species of
<taxonomicName id="1337FF7657C5C4FCA0E4B1784215D384" authorityName="Pierce" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Eupathocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B2F68C6D7A648326D090E04D5A514459" italics="true">Eupathocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of very conspicuously imprinted mesal furrows indicating the pro-mesothoracic and meso-metathoracic borders on the ventral side (sbpm, sbmm; Figs
<figureCitation id="14D6CB92C365BBF3A162F569FB4E5872" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., host, female cephalothorax A Zethus brasiliensis fuscatus R. Bohart &amp; Stange, 1965 stylopised by E. zethi sp. nov., lateral view B detail of host abdomen of Z. brasiliensis fuscatus, with two female cephalothoraces C – D holotype of E. zethi sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC) from Z. brasiliensis fuscatus C ventral side of cephalothorax D dorsal side of cephalothorax. Abbreviations: asI – abdominal segment I, cll – clypeal lobe, csI – constriction of abdominal segment I, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbma – segmental border between metathorax and abdomen, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, sp – spiracle." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130327">1 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4EC31046D6007DDC3858842A84F5F3B1" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A ventral side B dorsal side C right vestigial antenna, dorsal side D left vestigial antenna, dorsal side E left lateral border of abdominal segment I below spiracle, dorsal side F detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, dorsal side. Abbreviations: asI – abdominal segment I, fr – frontal region, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, paa – periantennal area, pra – plate of vestigial antenna, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, ssf – supra-antennal sensillary field." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130328">2 A</figureCitation>
), and inconspicuous mandibles fused with the labial area and bearing a rounded (not distinctly raised) mandibular bulge (mdb; Fig.
<figureCitation id="CBD8566BCCFF8C91220607EB3627725E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A anterior part of cephalothorax, ventral side B anterior part of cephalothorax, dorsal side C mouthparts, ventral side D detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, ventral side E right mandible and maxilla, ventral side F left mandible and maxilla, ventral side. Abbreviations: bo – birth opening, lb – labial area, md – mandible, mdt – mandibular tooth, mx – vestige of maxilla (maxilla), pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), os – mouth opening, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130329">3 E</figureCitation>
). The clypeal surface is completely smooth with distinctly exposed sensilla, in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="F9959403738E002383E02212C4684AC5" authority="Pierce, 1911" authorityName="Pierce" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Eupathocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosae">
<emphasis id="C7757C985A89EE1E3156BA7CFB01F567" italics="true">Eupathocera luctuosae</emphasis>
Pierce, 1911
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DA6004A73781978E5AE8729D6C91CEDB" authority="(Kifune, 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Kifune" baseAuthorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Eupathocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="A42036FB47C2004A46257B389FF72EDB" italics="true">E. insularis</emphasis>
(Kifune, 1983)
</taxonomicName>
, which display a wrinkled, lamellar clypeal area, with scarcely visible sensilla. The number of clypeal sensilla is very high in the new species, more than 60. A larger number occurs only in species utilising
<taxonomicName id="6C907F78783B9E0E2EF48EA11F447DF2" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Sphecidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CF363C358F37656585A054F168E74EC3" italics="true">Sphex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 1758 –
<taxonomicName id="994A9F989ACA45984B5725E226641481" authority="(Brethes, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="Brethes" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Eupathocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuliginosi">
<emphasis id="A47E777F8C600C44497133F737F8ECA0" italics="true">Eupathocera fuliginosi</emphasis>
(Brethes, 1923)
</taxonomicName>
(more than 60) and
<taxonomicName id="28F5901EDC0D6587A5635044AEB35A47" authority="(Templeton, 1841)" baseAuthorityName="Templeton" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Eupathocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodi">
<emphasis id="1B4C7FEC8D2A8911118D28357540572B" italics="true">E. westwoodi</emphasis>
(Templeton, 1841)
</taxonomicName>
(more than 80). The border between the clypeal area and frontal region is indistinct in comparison to
<taxonomicName id="AE536305EACE543D9DF83612FEA3A646" authority="Pierce, 1911" authorityName="Pierce" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Eupathocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosae">
<emphasis id="EEE431770F6059410E16921F7E57A7CF" italics="true">Eupathocera luctuosae</emphasis>
Pierce, 1911
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7901C8FEB6D27F6E7EA79AFF9B31B7D4" authority="(Kifune, 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Kifune" baseAuthorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Eupathocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="E587E495C4753DD3B91DE63AC216312E" italics="true">E. insularis</emphasis>
(Kifune, 1983)
</taxonomicName>
where it is clearly recognisable.
</paragraph>
<caption id="CFAFF32A358867B611C01296F33B0C23" ID-DOI="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure1" ID-arpha="8303D7EF-A10B-5860-899B-04907A23375C" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130327" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="87539CF5F7A50F8E339B77B18F79AA7C">
<label id="B6FBABBD97B7BE337FC17FC02E225CE3">Figure 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB181199705C52F60759E25E726CC0E7">
<taxonomicName id="DE6AFEDC7D8B9651A0E5D97E8F8995F7" authority="Benda &amp; Straka" authorityName="Benda &amp; Pohl &amp; Beutel &amp; Straka" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Eupathocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zethi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DCE93B69E2DD06877BD19A7AC2666303" italics="true">Eupathocera zethi</emphasis>
Benda &amp; Straka
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6DEB378409FBA717F9233417C339BE3D" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, host, female cephalothorax
<emphasis id="483C7AB0930664D0353F3ADCC97800E9" bold="true">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="33A4D0937ACAC2D48E4378FBB8909073" authority="R. Bohart &amp; Stange, 1965" authorityName="R. Bohart &amp; Stange" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="brasiliensis" subSpecies="fuscatus">
<emphasis id="DF2995FE33FD24A28EC0A0714F70EBDA" italics="true">Zethus brasiliensis fuscatus</emphasis>
R.
<bibRefCitation id="BA8F8C3A124CF63CD1B4DC1480384C41" author="Bohart R &amp; Stange L" journalOrPublisher="University of California Publications in Entomology" pagination="1-216" refId="B6" refString="Bohart R, Stange L (1965) A Revision of the Genus Zethus Fabricius in the Western Hemisphere (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae). University of California Publications in Entomology 40: 1 - 216." title="A Revision of the Genus Zethus Fabricius in the Western Hemisphere (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae)." volume="40" year="1965">Bohart &amp; Stange, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
stylopised by
<taxonomicName id="FA0314AF78BAFB0AF52B8CD9CFB02A79" authorityName="Benda &amp; Pohl &amp; Beutel &amp; Straka" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Eupathocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zethi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="237A4CE6A5D203A00BAE0C39E81FF07C" italics="true">E. zethi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="02336E5B72DB12EC9348CA1FB23BB133" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, lateral view
<emphasis id="D503C1B0DA6900338920170CBCC9E061" bold="true">B</emphasis>
detail of host abdomen of
<taxonomicName id="CE8A2D506C7BD4778DDB345D4562F74E" authorityName="R. Bohart &amp; Stange" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="brasiliensis" subSpecies="fuscatus">
<emphasis id="D53B432B4B8BC1FFC36B06D0679032A2" italics="true">Z. brasiliensis fuscatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with two female cephalothoraces
<emphasis id="74EC8D324C9D5D22B9BCA89AA836AF9C" bold="true">C – D</emphasis>
holotype of
<taxonomicName id="C27C9AAEE0D7A34C4576019B28952C2E" authorityName="Benda &amp; Pohl &amp; Beutel &amp; Straka" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Eupathocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zethi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2F26E1BFB45858230E0480134EAB3DFD" italics="true">E. zethi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59DF1485E58A6010BC0220199DEEF010" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ♀ (
<named-content id="F07D07B808D43054FFE4B38A872FFDC0" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-prague-0" xlink_title="National Museum of the Czech Republic">NMPC</named-content>
) from
<taxonomicName id="E13F37CE2095ADCB4DFD095DA5FEFC83" authorityName="R. Bohart &amp; Stange" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="brasiliensis" subSpecies="fuscatus">
<emphasis id="19B58F35666D4B486F9E976361286AAB" italics="true">Z. brasiliensis fuscatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BEF9EDA2452A41BFCF588CF98649CCE3" bold="true">C</emphasis>
ventral side of cephalothorax
<emphasis id="364C587EBFA758CACCBAD6410A6357F7" bold="true">D</emphasis>
dorsal side of cephalothorax. Abbreviations: asI – abdominal segment I, cll – clypeal lobe, csI – constriction of abdominal segment I, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbma – segmental border between metathorax and abdomen, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, sp – spiracle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2E26EFCABE334A3BC35645308CA877A4" ID-DOI="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure2" ID-arpha="81992DAF-0F93-5B90-901D-EE8F1967F4B0" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130328" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="1FFD27FB26013B6A4888D3AB98BB0F5D">
<label id="7F15CD73D7D64E1780522D64DAA15ABC">Figure 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1579F9E1F6BDC96CAA90B0803D2FC0F8">
Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="2AF1C7A2768DFDCB77631206EC5DC018" authority="Benda &amp; Straka" authorityName="Benda &amp; Pohl &amp; Beutel &amp; Straka" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Eupathocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zethi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1ED2E07E5D96FEE52F7A14A83E3AA6F" italics="true">Eupathocera zethi</emphasis>
Benda &amp; Straka
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C106776B72E209B12FC81AFDC927649F" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ♀ (
<named-content id="0BABD66D3D8B40674416C15032437784" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-prague-0" xlink_title="National Museum of the Czech Republic">NMPC</named-content>
),
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDKAE" xlink_title="Scanning electron microscopy">SEM</abbrev>
micrographs of cephalothorax
<emphasis id="D80041B2CABAFC529AAE18E30D3F1B04" bold="true">A</emphasis>
ventral side
<emphasis id="C4FFED8B96802DC0F7B4E9355908F939" bold="true">B</emphasis>
dorsal side
<emphasis id="061D74FC936DFE8BF135397D6E46C46E" bold="true">C</emphasis>
right vestigial antenna, dorsal side
<emphasis id="C2ABFB182F3D4A990E15437F9B0B94E6" bold="true">D</emphasis>
left vestigial antenna, dorsal side
<emphasis id="EDAB9986AE9335C5360E7D97D2D702C1" bold="true">E</emphasis>
left lateral border of abdominal segment I below spiracle, dorsal side
<emphasis id="D61FB8A82971602C63376BCB46E5DC7F" bold="true">F</emphasis>
detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, dorsal side. Abbreviations: asI – abdominal segment I, fr – frontal region, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, paa – periantennal area, pra – plate of vestigial antenna, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, ssf – supra-antennal sensillary field.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="693DDB9994A519FC25D44048DC3B58B2" ID-DOI="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure3" ID-arpha="CA407C4F-AD1F-5F6D-A470-9815868E782C" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130329" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="A99B333016181D80FF91C77DCC498226">
<label id="0A4DDE39BB5703D4DFD16BC87FD1DC14">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6AD4F4170315F5AC60C82BF187110C07">
Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="171583CC036EB92C8E472992FC8CA0CE" authority="Benda &amp; Straka" authorityName="Benda &amp; Pohl &amp; Beutel &amp; Straka" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Xenidae" genus="Eupathocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zethi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5E6796CB5830C5711FC06DDD8DC7DD7" italics="true">Eupathocera zethi</emphasis>
Benda &amp; Straka
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6C0758CFFC9AA17D76AEC921DAE1E710" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ♀ (
<named-content id="C32D89AF81D44E3F726786C8F0A09330" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-prague-0" xlink_title="National Museum of the Czech Republic">NMPC</named-content>
),
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EPLAE" xlink_title="Scanning electron microscopy">SEM</abbrev>
micrographs of cephalothorax
<emphasis id="34BEAD2EFC111A0741473C07093676BE" bold="true">A</emphasis>
anterior part of cephalothorax, ventral side
<emphasis id="08C78BF1DE62FD4B1BDE7F550CBB8CEA" bold="true">B</emphasis>
anterior part of cephalothorax, dorsal side
<emphasis id="CEEE6E30DEBCFB06E712A4616573D681" bold="true">C</emphasis>
mouthparts, ventral side
<emphasis id="110F067EF9018B6F9F63070A6CDA9F81" bold="true">D</emphasis>
detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, ventral side
<emphasis id="9D303656F9D7BFCF9FF97BB6DA494E3D" bold="true">E</emphasis>
right mandible and maxilla, ventral side
<emphasis id="C517AAAA6D0F6B98FD8C376E30F5F41E" bold="true">F</emphasis>
left mandible and maxilla, ventral side. Abbreviations: bo – birth opening, lb – labial area, md – mandible, mdt – mandibular tooth, mx – vestige of maxilla (maxilla), pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), os – mouth opening, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EEMAE" type="description">
<paragraph id="FB52088909BA2849EEA41B56354123E4">
<heading id="E1FF6709DE018722878F5ACB2C7FC4CA" reason="title">Description of female cephalothorax.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA4E7A8B68BE632BF357121DE0B66B55">
<emphasis id="D0F6D23F5E52F2183DB388CA08E681A7" bold="true">
<emphasis id="7F43537E639F0DBF09616517598D67B3" bold="true" italics="true">Shape and colouration</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Size of
<typeStatus id="D2421EFED710AB0AC0C98435AC1AD980" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
cephalothorax: length
<quantity id="179B1D7134738CD5C0044B20C6B49E7D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="2912BA1232618B793F1139C39952E5EF" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.74" unit="mm" value="1.74">1.74 mm</quantity>
; slightly variable, as long as wide or slightly wider than long, length
<quantity id="FCCECCDB0F3FD5557C27CBEB8DBABA41" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9049999999999998" metricValueMax="2.03" metricValueMin="1.78" unit="mm" value="1.9049999999999998" valueMax="2.03" valueMin="1.78">1.78–2.03 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="D765D6EFE44322E0F1BF4BA3AC70A9C9" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.785" metricValueMax="1.83" metricValueMin="1.74" unit="mm" value="1.785" valueMax="1.83" valueMin="1.74">1.74–1.83 mm</quantity>
. Abdominal segment I not protruding laterally, corner below spiracles rounded. Anterior head margin rounded, not protruding from head capsule. Thorax slightly widening posteriorly. Colouration of cephalothorax mostly dark with light brown pattern on ventral side, but mostly light brown dorsomedially with specific contrast pattern.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3666012FD80FA1CE2EA569A107C89A4A">
<emphasis id="CC8345AD52A48743CBF6340C6FDF5C86" bold="true">
<emphasis id="84848569ECAA1D6958655E303076D619" bold="true" italics="true">Head capsule</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Approximately ⅓ as long as entire cephalothorax including lateral extensions. Colouration mostly dark with specific pattern with paler lateral extensions, mandibular bases and ventral labral field. Clypeal area distinctly delimited from labral area. Clypeal lobe rather indistinct but visible. Clypeal surface completely smooth with distinctly exposed sensilla. Number of clypeal sensilla slightly over 60.
<collectingRegion id="4605AA014EF971E0CAFEB817595F2542" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah">Border</collectingRegion>
between clypeal and frontal region indistinct but still present. Frontal region smooth or very slightly wrinkled (fr, Fig.
<figureCitation id="AD9CF1967AF6FF7E5D2ED41635F4083B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A ventral side B dorsal side C right vestigial antenna, dorsal side D left vestigial antenna, dorsal side E left lateral border of abdominal segment I below spiracle, dorsal side F detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, dorsal side. Abbreviations: asI – abdominal segment I, fr – frontal region, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, paa – periantennal area, pra – plate of vestigial antenna, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, ssf – supra-antennal sensillary field." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130328">2 F</figureCitation>
). Segmental border between head and prothorax indicated by dark transverse stripe on dorsal side (sbhp, Fig.
<figureCitation id="DED9ABE51016A788D500315B191F22D2" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., host, female cephalothorax A Zethus brasiliensis fuscatus R. Bohart &amp; Stange, 1965 stylopised by E. zethi sp. nov., lateral view B detail of host abdomen of Z. brasiliensis fuscatus, with two female cephalothoraces C – D holotype of E. zethi sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC) from Z. brasiliensis fuscatus C ventral side of cephalothorax D dorsal side of cephalothorax. Abbreviations: asI – abdominal segment I, cll – clypeal lobe, csI – constriction of abdominal segment I, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbma – segmental border between metathorax and abdomen, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, sp – spiracle." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130327">1 D</figureCitation>
), in
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5MAE" xlink_title="Scanning electron microscopy">SEM</abbrev>
pictures visible by change in cuticular sculpture (sbhp, Fig.
<figureCitation id="239C46019B36C300A8F09B2097CA5CE6" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A anterior part of cephalothorax, ventral side B anterior part of cephalothorax, dorsal side C mouthparts, ventral side D detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, ventral side E right mandible and maxilla, ventral side F left mandible and maxilla, ventral side. Abbreviations: bo – birth opening, lb – labial area, md – mandible, mdt – mandibular tooth, mx – vestige of maxilla (maxilla), pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), os – mouth opening, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130329">3 B</figureCitation>
). Head and prothorax distinctly separated by birth opening ventromedially (bo, Fig.
<figureCitation id="D9E0453419BDB847BC7FC900A6BAB3B2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A anterior part of cephalothorax, ventral side B anterior part of cephalothorax, dorsal side C mouthparts, ventral side D detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, ventral side E right mandible and maxilla, ventral side F left mandible and maxilla, ventral side. Abbreviations: bo – birth opening, lb – labial area, md – mandible, mdt – mandibular tooth, mx – vestige of maxilla (maxilla), pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), os – mouth opening, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130329">3 A</figureCitation>
) and laterally by suture (sbhp, Fig.
<figureCitation id="61E78FAE951119407E7D4932ADD81108" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A anterior part of cephalothorax, ventral side B anterior part of cephalothorax, dorsal side C mouthparts, ventral side D detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, ventral side E right mandible and maxilla, ventral side F left mandible and maxilla, ventral side. Abbreviations: bo – birth opening, lb – labial area, md – mandible, mdt – mandibular tooth, mx – vestige of maxilla (maxilla), pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), os – mouth opening, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130329">3 A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="93864A2924941F2684D5536B1ED69BBF">
<emphasis id="9081866E026B352AD0C27C39D8FCDBC8" bold="true">
<emphasis id="6700EA2E502C0FEB31CDDAE38985C6AB" bold="true" italics="true">Supra</emphasis>
-
<emphasis id="0D91617D5C09200796091A7ADF2CACA2" bold="true" italics="true">antennal sensillary field</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Smooth or very slightly wrinkled, with dispersed sensilla (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F35A5734CD16A5ADE1D651BA87571927" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A ventral side B dorsal side C right vestigial antenna, dorsal side D left vestigial antenna, dorsal side E left lateral border of abdominal segment I below spiracle, dorsal side F detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, dorsal side. Abbreviations: asI – abdominal segment I, fr – frontal region, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, paa – periantennal area, pra – plate of vestigial antenna, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, ssf – supra-antennal sensillary field." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130328">2 C, D</figureCitation>
). Not distinctly delimited by furrow medially, but border marked by different surface structure of supra-antennal sensillary field and smooth frontal region (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F11DBD491033169D1B1CCDC6F73B6B50" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A anterior part of cephalothorax, ventral side B anterior part of cephalothorax, dorsal side C mouthparts, ventral side D detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, ventral side E right mandible and maxilla, ventral side F left mandible and maxilla, ventral side. Abbreviations: bo – birth opening, lb – labial area, md – mandible, mdt – mandibular tooth, mx – vestige of maxilla (maxilla), pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), os – mouth opening, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130329">3 B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F66DE1CF62D79178D8DB423F8843D6A9">
<emphasis id="46A8C5E1DDBCE6E645550AC78A9B937C" bold="true">
<emphasis id="6C17EADAC34F523A798FF9C587CBC354" bold="true" italics="true">Antenna</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Vestigial antenna bulging, preserved as more or less clearly defined area, with distinct plates (pra, Fig.
<figureCitation id="198D0D7776FF31414325ABC68F6EBC5E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A ventral side B dorsal side C right vestigial antenna, dorsal side D left vestigial antenna, dorsal side E left lateral border of abdominal segment I below spiracle, dorsal side F detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, dorsal side. Abbreviations: asI – abdominal segment I, fr – frontal region, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, paa – periantennal area, pra – plate of vestigial antenna, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, ssf – supra-antennal sensillary field." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130328">2 C, D</figureCitation>
). Antennal torulus reduced (Fig.
<figureCitation id="53BF7378F8DF5A78A0923158FC14C1EF" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A ventral side B dorsal side C right vestigial antenna, dorsal side D left vestigial antenna, dorsal side E left lateral border of abdominal segment I below spiracle, dorsal side F detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, dorsal side. Abbreviations: asI – abdominal segment I, fr – frontal region, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, paa – periantennal area, pra – plate of vestigial antenna, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, ssf – supra-antennal sensillary field." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130328">2 C, D</figureCitation>
). Periantennal area expanded, smooth (paa, Fig.
<figureCitation id="1BEF9A45DDBC51D9A9F27FC5B49ED721" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A ventral side B dorsal side C right vestigial antenna, dorsal side D left vestigial antenna, dorsal side E left lateral border of abdominal segment I below spiracle, dorsal side F detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, dorsal side. Abbreviations: asI – abdominal segment I, fr – frontal region, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, paa – periantennal area, pra – plate of vestigial antenna, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, ssf – supra-antennal sensillary field." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130328">2 C, D</figureCitation>
). Distance between antennal area and supra-antennal sensillary field relatively large.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3ACDE3DB9017890BBAD20E90BF4A44">
<emphasis id="2C8A039970BC3EA54796D4A1338FF4C7" bold="true">
<emphasis id="22E2FA7F324E46A531B0BB55F01D8046" bold="true" italics="true">Labrum</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Ventral field wider than long, elliptic, completely smooth, shiny, and pale, contrasting with dark dorsal labral field and labium. Dorsal labral field slightly arcuate, 5 × wider than long in midline. Setae on dorsal field blunt, sensilla-like, spines lacking.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E4F63CBAB96EC4563ACA6BB1FE79D4F4">
<emphasis id="705C02E785DA8789BA1596374809FFF6" bold="true">
<emphasis id="81679F4C9B8478A644B0CF3CF23795E2" bold="true" italics="true">Mandible</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Anteromedially directed at an angle of 30 °, enclosed in mandibular capsule. Mandibular bulge not distinctly raised, rounded, with several inconspicuous sensilla. Cuticle of mandible smooth posteriorly, with longitudinal grooves dorsolaterally (md; Fig.
<figureCitation id="AFADF0932B4AFEB181EB661D967A3A32" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A anterior part of cephalothorax, ventral side B anterior part of cephalothorax, dorsal side C mouthparts, ventral side D detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, ventral side E right mandible and maxilla, ventral side F left mandible and maxilla, ventral side. Abbreviations: bo – birth opening, lb – labial area, md – mandible, mdt – mandibular tooth, mx – vestige of maxilla (maxilla), pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), os – mouth opening, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130329">3 E, F</figureCitation>
). Mandibular tooth narrow, anteriorly oriented, with or without spines (mdt; Fig.
<figureCitation id="D07AF6DA23C307BAA9BA22A6F51440FF" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A anterior part of cephalothorax, ventral side B anterior part of cephalothorax, dorsal side C mouthparts, ventral side D detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, ventral side E right mandible and maxilla, ventral side F left mandible and maxilla, ventral side. Abbreviations: bo – birth opening, lb – labial area, md – mandible, mdt – mandibular tooth, mx – vestige of maxilla (maxilla), pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), os – mouth opening, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130329">3 E, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9AB49A22C601576EA615F5A94F91298C">
<emphasis id="ED8212358A52A56061A6087091F2F5F5" bold="true">
<emphasis id="E7CBF0ABF9E550A0B43C29973DD31ABF" bold="true" italics="true">Maxilla</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Distinctly reduced and only very slightly protruding, not projecting beyond mandible anteriorly. Partially fused to labial area, both regions not clearly separated. Cuticle reticulated, with smooth areas, not distinctly wrinkled (mx; Fig.
<figureCitation id="5CAE4614C77B1F75AC77327E163FD69A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A anterior part of cephalothorax, ventral side B anterior part of cephalothorax, dorsal side C mouthparts, ventral side D detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, ventral side E right mandible and maxilla, ventral side F left mandible and maxilla, ventral side. Abbreviations: bo – birth opening, lb – labial area, md – mandible, mdt – mandibular tooth, mx – vestige of maxilla (maxilla), pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), os – mouth opening, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130329">3 E, F</figureCitation>
). Vestige of palp inconspicuous, forming small bulge with impression, located medially on ventral side of maxilla. Submaxillary groove indistinctly produced posterolaterally towards maxillary base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66ACC396BA6D9A312723C2CC8ACBE577">
<emphasis id="7F8E2FDEC9DBE0599DDC5A0D48B192BF" bold="true">
<emphasis id="E91AEE45DB73F7D096D23954924BFCC2" bold="true" italics="true">Labium</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Labial area not distinctly recognisable between maxillae, flat, slightly longer than wide in midline (lb; Fig.
<figureCitation id="22AC0A17F07C76B9C66D894BA22DBF20" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A anterior part of cephalothorax, ventral side B anterior part of cephalothorax, dorsal side C mouthparts, ventral side D detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, ventral side E right mandible and maxilla, ventral side F left mandible and maxilla, ventral side. Abbreviations: bo – birth opening, lb – labial area, md – mandible, mdt – mandibular tooth, mx – vestige of maxilla (maxilla), pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), os – mouth opening, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130329">3 C</figureCitation>
). Anteriorly delimited by mouth opening, posteriorly by birth opening. Cuticular surface very slightly reticulated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E98CB33BD7E7C9CA76DC7C1DB74428E">
<emphasis id="2AA9D894B6889A6F869C34310C8A8A1E" bold="true">
<emphasis id="31023DB7C7F0F8D046C7CF14B0551E66" bold="true" italics="true">Mouth opening</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Slightly arcuate, sclerotised along margin (os; Fig.
<figureCitation id="6AB3A465A8AFD39BA31A711F3B3B41C7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A anterior part of cephalothorax, ventral side B anterior part of cephalothorax, dorsal side C mouthparts, ventral side D detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, ventral side E right mandible and maxilla, ventral side F left mandible and maxilla, ventral side. Abbreviations: bo – birth opening, lb – labial area, md – mandible, mdt – mandibular tooth, mx – vestige of maxilla (maxilla), pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), os – mouth opening, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130329">3 C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="30BA59961EB31FD910D20A302320D1A1">
<emphasis id="534A8F360B07B00193F215F4D5AB01E3" bold="true">
<emphasis id="A49F7039364ECDD3C8071ED9886BF4B5" bold="true" italics="true">Thorax</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Pro-mesothoracic and meso-metathoracic borders distinct on ventral side, separated by mesal furrows (sbpm, sbmm; Figs
<figureCitation id="0AAA09B3300F3766BA191C997D6B24B8" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., host, female cephalothorax A Zethus brasiliensis fuscatus R. Bohart &amp; Stange, 1965 stylopised by E. zethi sp. nov., lateral view B detail of host abdomen of Z. brasiliensis fuscatus, with two female cephalothoraces C – D holotype of E. zethi sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC) from Z. brasiliensis fuscatus C ventral side of cephalothorax D dorsal side of cephalothorax. Abbreviations: asI – abdominal segment I, cll – clypeal lobe, csI – constriction of abdominal segment I, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbma – segmental border between metathorax and abdomen, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, sp – spiracle." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130327">1 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="491907271F220C1A9D8BCA4B0D9E9DEB" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A ventral side B dorsal side C right vestigial antenna, dorsal side D left vestigial antenna, dorsal side E left lateral border of abdominal segment I below spiracle, dorsal side F detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, dorsal side. Abbreviations: asI – abdominal segment I, fr – frontal region, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, paa – periantennal area, pra – plate of vestigial antenna, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, ssf – supra-antennal sensillary field." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130328">2 A</figureCitation>
). On dorsal side separated by less conspicuous dark mesal furrows (sbpm, sbmm; Figs
<figureCitation id="C9FBE5DEDE66240801B2D265FE6174C9" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., host, female cephalothorax A Zethus brasiliensis fuscatus R. Bohart &amp; Stange, 1965 stylopised by E. zethi sp. nov., lateral view B detail of host abdomen of Z. brasiliensis fuscatus, with two female cephalothoraces C – D holotype of E. zethi sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC) from Z. brasiliensis fuscatus C ventral side of cephalothorax D dorsal side of cephalothorax. Abbreviations: asI – abdominal segment I, cll – clypeal lobe, csI – constriction of abdominal segment I, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbma – segmental border between metathorax and abdomen, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, sp – spiracle." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130327">1 D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="909508C04E87BB90C8D4516D72F179E6" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A ventral side B dorsal side C right vestigial antenna, dorsal side D left vestigial antenna, dorsal side E left lateral border of abdominal segment I below spiracle, dorsal side F detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, dorsal side. Abbreviations: asI – abdominal segment I, fr – frontal region, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, paa – periantennal area, pra – plate of vestigial antenna, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, ssf – supra-antennal sensillary field." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130328">2 B</figureCitation>
).
<collectingRegion id="4CA1C58CA76A0C889EEB4964F8F2BD8A" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah">Border</collectingRegion>
between metathorax and abdomen marked by change in cuticular surface structure or pigmentation. Cuticle of thoracic segments reticulate on ventral side, often with scattered small papillae. Dorsal side of thorax predominantly smooth, only slightly wrinkled. Prosternal extension undifferentiated. Prosternum bulging, distinctly elevated above head medially and laterally (pst; Fig.
<figureCitation id="FD2B644C66F17B8532A378DD64669058" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A anterior part of cephalothorax, ventral side B anterior part of cephalothorax, dorsal side C mouthparts, ventral side D detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, ventral side E right mandible and maxilla, ventral side F left mandible and maxilla, ventral side. Abbreviations: bo – birth opening, lb – labial area, md – mandible, mdt – mandibular tooth, mx – vestige of maxilla (maxilla), pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), os – mouth opening, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130329">3 A</figureCitation>
). Shape of meso- and metathorax unmodified, transverse. Prosternum and mesosternum on ventral side with dark colouration, but metasternum medially pale. All thoracic segments pale on dorsal side, but dark laterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AAD9B878F5277DFBCD25D925ECCD027A">
<emphasis id="9A363381502888001BD68CD7B090C520" bold="true">
<emphasis id="E53C030530A9778EE8CC4FFC797A6118" bold="true" italics="true">Abdominal segment I and spiracles</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Setae and cuticular spines present on lateral region of abdominal segment I (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A4555C3B033A61FF7D59CB177B1BB583" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A ventral side B dorsal side C right vestigial antenna, dorsal side D left vestigial antenna, dorsal side E left lateral border of abdominal segment I below spiracle, dorsal side F detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, dorsal side. Abbreviations: asI – abdominal segment I, fr – frontal region, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, paa – periantennal area, pra – plate of vestigial antenna, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, ssf – supra-antennal sensillary field." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130328">2 E</figureCitation>
). Spiracles on posterior ~ ⅓ of cephalothorax slightly elevated, with anterolateral or anterodorsal orientation. Cephalothoracic part of abdominal segment I below spiracles dark on dorsal side, medially paler on ventral side (asI; Figs
<figureCitation id="05C426F5E9270FB0378779FD1631A01F" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., host, female cephalothorax A Zethus brasiliensis fuscatus R. Bohart &amp; Stange, 1965 stylopised by E. zethi sp. nov., lateral view B detail of host abdomen of Z. brasiliensis fuscatus, with two female cephalothoraces C – D holotype of E. zethi sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC) from Z. brasiliensis fuscatus C ventral side of cephalothorax D dorsal side of cephalothorax. Abbreviations: asI – abdominal segment I, cll – clypeal lobe, csI – constriction of abdominal segment I, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbma – segmental border between metathorax and abdomen, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, sp – spiracle." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130327">1 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A3D6BDF44679E3E79884AAF96760FE41" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Eupathocera zethi Benda &amp; Straka, sp. nov., ♀ (NMPC), SEM micrographs of cephalothorax A ventral side B dorsal side C right vestigial antenna, dorsal side D left vestigial antenna, dorsal side E left lateral border of abdominal segment I below spiracle, dorsal side F detail of anterior border of cephalothorax, dorsal side. Abbreviations: asI – abdominal segment I, fr – frontal region, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, paa – periantennal area, pra – plate of vestigial antenna, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, ssf – supra-antennal sensillary field." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.127500.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1130328">2 A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXRAE" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1DE4F3FF37978A3FC50881F1506C7E67">
<heading id="4570B9A2A91D88FC8F680A31D0D46AAF" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="161C91A648608AF86053861DD6BA2016">
The name refers to the host genus
<taxonomicName id="CEFD50744D7BAE575C3728E7D9478310" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C19691436E6F308A4FC959EC92DDC1DF" italics="true">Zethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. From Greek
<taxonomicName id="3844C4EE9DAEC7B6FAEBD1C2832F1A1A" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7EC96F9E1B7A94A7ABF2D6D3BF7A7941" italics="true">Zethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– the son of Zeus in ancient Greek mythology. Adjective.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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