361 lines
42 KiB
XML
361 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="471ACD89E8B9D1D6E9DF2D9E9CE721BA">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="60BF54C73F52BECE65CE4F22558AFE9D">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA250A41FF54FEC1FD605DAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064384" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700430" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064384" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA250A41FF54FEC1FD605DAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA250A41FF54FEC1FD605DAC" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA250A41FF54FEC1FDD75B8D" box="[151,582,366,393]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA250A41FF54FEC1FDD75B8D" blockId="22.[151,582,366,393]" box="[151,582,366,393]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="C54581B7BA250A41FF54FEC1FDD75B8D" bold="true" box="[151,582,366,393]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FF54FEC1FDD75B8D" ID-CoL="89VGK" ID-ENA="159648" authority="(Barraud)" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[151,582,366,393]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elsiae" subGenus="Collessius">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FF54FEC1FDD75B8D" bold="true" box="[151,582,366,393]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FF54FEC1FF4E5B8C" bold="true" box="[151,223,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aedes</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FF33FEC1FEFB5B8C" bold="true" box="[240,362,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Collessius</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FEB8FEC1FE2E5B8C" bold="true" box="[379,447,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elsiae</emphasis>
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(Barraud)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA250A41FF54FE1CFAFA580D" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA250A41FF54FE1CFC655BEF" blockId="22.[151,1436,435,521]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FECEFE1CFE6F5BCE" ID-CoL="89VGK" authority="(Barraud, 1923a)" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[269,510,435,459]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elsiae">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FECEFE1CFED95BCE" bold="true" box="[269,328,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elsiae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FE9AFE1CFE665BCE" author="Barraud, P. J." box="[345,503,435,459]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="405 - 408" refId="ref144081" refString="Barraud, P. J. (1923 a) Some new culicine mosquitos found in India, and a note on Finlaya assamensis (Theo.). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 13 (4), 405 - 408. [for 1922] https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300045508" type="journal article" year="1923">Barraud, 1923a</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FCC0FE1CFC075BCE" ID-CoL="8C5PY" authorityName="Barraud" authorityYear="1923" box="[771,918,435,459]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Finlaya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elsiae">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FCC0FE1CFC075BCE" box="[771,918,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Finlaya elsiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA250A41FBF2FE1CFB0D5BCE" box="[1073,1180,435,459]" name="Cambodia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA250A41FB6AFE1CFB715BCE" box="[1193,1248,435,459]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">India</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA250A41FB2EFE1CFADD5BCE" box="[1261,1356,435,459]" name="Malaysia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA250A41FA9AFE1CFA095BCE" box="[1369,1432,435,459]" name="Nepal" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA250A41FF04FE7DFE715BEF" box="[199,480,466,490]" name="China" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">People’s Republic of China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA250A41FE2AFE7DFDA75BEF" box="[489,566,466,490]" name="Taiwan" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA250A41FD83FE7DFD0C5BEF" box="[576,669,466,490]" name="Thailand" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA250A41FD65FE7DFD6D5BEF" box="[678,764,466,490]" name="Vietnam" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FCCAFE7DFC785BEF" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[777,1001,466,490]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
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||
Wilkerson
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FCBAFE7CFC375BEF" box="[889,934,466,490]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2021
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA250A41FF54FE5FFAFA580D" blockId="22.[151,1436,435,521]" box="[151,1387,496,521]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FEC9FE5FFE5E580D" authority="Lien, 1968" authorityName="Lien" authorityYear="1968" box="[266,463,496,520]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicarius">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FEC9FE5FFECC580D" bold="true" box="[266,349,496,520]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">vicarius</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FEA0FE5FFE5E580D" author="Lien, J. C." box="[355,463,496,520]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="217 - 262" refId="ref165718" refString="Lien, J. C. (1968) New species of mosquitoes from Taiwan (Diptera: Culicidae). Part V. Three new subspecies of Aedes and seven new species of Culex. Tropical Medicine, 10 (4), 217 - 262." type="journal article" year="1968">Lien, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FD08FE5FFB99580D" authorityName="Lien" authorityYear="1968" box="[715,1032,496,521]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="elsiae" subGenus="Finlaya" subSpecies="vicarius">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FD08FE5FFC96580D" box="[715,775,496,520]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aedes</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FCD4FE5FFCF7580D" box="[791,870,496,520]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Finlaya</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FCB7FE5FFB99580D" box="[884,1032,496,520]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elsiae vicarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA250A41FB58FE5FFB74580D" box="[1179,1253,496,520]" name="Taiwan" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FB30FE5FFAF1580D" author="Lien, J. C." box="[1267,1376,496,520]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="217 - 262" refId="ref165718" refString="Lien, J. C. (1968) New species of mosquitoes from Taiwan (Diptera: Culicidae). Part V. Three new subspecies of Aedes and seven new species of Culex. Tropical Medicine, 10 (4), 217 - 262." type="journal article" year="1968">Lien 1968</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA250A41FF54FD98FD605DAC" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA250A41FF54FD98FB55592C" blockId="22.[151,1437,567,1961]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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The nominotypical subspecies was described from male and female cotypes (
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FC2DFD98FB075854" author="Barraud, P. J." box="[1006,1174,567,593]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="405 - 408" refId="ref144081" refString="Barraud, P. J. (1923 a) Some new culicine mosquitos found in India, and a note on Finlaya assamensis (Theo.). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 13 (4), 405 - 408. [for 1922] https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300045508" type="journal article" year="1923">Barraud 1923a</bibRefCitation>
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||
) and other conspecifics from Shillong,
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||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA250A41FE84FDF4FE075870" box="[327,406,603,629]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Assam</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA250A41FE66FDF4FE735870" box="[421,482,603,629]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">India</collectingCountry>
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. Using exuviae from the cotypes and additional specimens to document variation,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FF54FDD0FEC1589C" author="Barraud, P. J." box="[151,336,639,665]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="495 - 505" refId="ref144199" refString="Barraud, P. J. (1923 c) A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part VII. The larvae of some species of Stegomyia (Theo.). The larvae of some species of Finlaya (Theo.). The larva of Christophersiomyia thomsoni (Theo.). The larva of Mimomyia chamberlaini (Ludl.). The larva of Aedomyia catasticta (Knab.). Indian Journal of Medical Research, 11 (2), 495 - 505, 7 pls." type="journal article" year="1923">Barraud (1923c)</bibRefCitation>
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described the larva with illustrations of the siphon and antenna.
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FBEBFDD0FB45589C" author="Barraud, P. J." box="[1064,1236,639,665]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref144365" refString="Barraud, P. J. (1934) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Diptera. Vol. V. Family Culicidae. Tribes Megarhinini and Culicini. Taylor and Francis, London, xxviii + 463 pp., 8 pls." type="book" year="1934">Barraud (1934)</bibRefCitation>
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then described in more detail the adults (both sexes) and larva, with illustrations of the larval head, thorax and siphon.
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FAC2FD0CFA0D58B8" author="Darsie, R. F., Jr." box="[1281,1436,675,701]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="243 - 248" refId="ref150458" refString="Darsie, R. F., Jr. (2010) Description of Himalayan mosquito pupae II. Ochlerotatus shortti and Oc. elsiae. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 26 (3), 243 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2987 / 09 - 5977.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Darsie (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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described the pupa of
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||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FE4CFD68FE4158E4" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[399,464,711,737]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elsiae">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FE4CFD68FE4158E4" box="[399,464,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elsiae</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(as a species of
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||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FD49FD68FBD758E4" authority="Lynch Arribalzaga, 1891 a" authorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" authorityYear="1891" box="[650,1094,711,737]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Ochlerotatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FD49FD68FC8A58E4" box="[650,795,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ochlerotatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FCE1FD68FBD758E4" author="Lynch Arribalzaga, F." box="[802,1094,711,737]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="345 - 377" refId="ref166929" refString="Lynch Arribalzaga, F. (1891 a) Dipterologia argentine. Revista del Museo de La Plata, 1, 345 - 377." type="journal article" year="1891">Lynch Arribálzaga, 1891a</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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) from sites in
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA250A41FB2BFD68FABA58E4" box="[1256,1323,711,737]" name="Nepal" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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relatively close (about
|
||
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA250A41FEE7FD44FEEB5900" box="[292,378,747,773]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="km" value="400.0">400 km</quantity>
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||
) to the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FDBAFD44FD2B5900" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[633,698,747,773]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elsiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FDBAFD44FD2B5900" box="[633,698,747,773]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elsiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA250A41FC82FD44FCEF5900" box="[833,894,747,773]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FC44FD44FBDB5900" author="Townsend, B. C." box="[903,1098,747,773]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="35 - 152" refId="ref182830" refString="Townsend, B. C. (1990) Culicidae. In: Townsend, B. C., Chainey, J. E., Crosskey, R. W., Pont, A. C., Lane, R. P., Boorman, J. P. T. & Crouch, C. A. (Eds.), A catalogue of the types of bloodsucking flies in the British Museum (Natural History), Natural History Museum, London, pp. 35 - 152." type="book chapter" year="1990">Townsend (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA250A41FB77FD44FAA95900" box="[1204,1336,747,773]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic" typeStatus="syntypes">19 syntypes</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FA98FD44FA0D5900" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1371,1436,747,773]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elsiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FA98FD44FA0D5900" box="[1371,1436,747,773]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elsiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London, but not the cotypes or larval exuviae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA250A41FF04FC9CFE635F6C" blockId="22.[151,1437,567,1961]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FE8FFC9CFE375949" authorityName="Lien" authorityYear="1968" box="[332,422,819,844]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FE8FFC9CFE375949" box="[332,422,819,844]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">vicarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described and illustrated in all life stages, except the egg, from Chuchi, Chiai Hsien,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA250A41FF54FCF8FF7D5974" box="[151,236,855,881]" name="Taiwan" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but was also documented from many other localities in the original description. It is apparently found only on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA250A41FF30FCD4FED85990" box="[243,329,891,917]" name="Taiwan" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FE59FCD4FE4A5990" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[410,475,891,917]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elsiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FE59FCD4FE4A5990" box="[410,475,891,917]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elsiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar in many respects in the adult and larval stages. In the larval stage, the two nominal forms have setae 1-M and 1-T very stout and borne on prominent tubercles, and seta 1-S stout and aciculate. The unusual character of these stout thoracic setae is also found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FC45FC6CFAFC59D8" authority="(Barraud, 1923a)" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[902,1389,963,989]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shortti" subGenus="Collessius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FC45FC6CFC5859D8" box="[902,969,963,989]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aedes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FC1AFC6CFBDD59D8" box="[985,1100,963,989]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Collessius</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FB9EFC6CFB3759D8" box="[1117,1190,963,989]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">shortti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FB76FC6CFAF459D8" author="Barraud, P. J." box="[1205,1381,963,989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="405 - 408" refId="ref144081" refString="Barraud, P. J. (1923 a) Some new culicine mosquitos found in India, and a note on Finlaya assamensis (Theo.). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 13 (4), 405 - 408. [for 1922] https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300045508" type="journal article" year="1923">Barraud, 1923a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FF54FC48FF245E04" box="[151,181,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ae</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FF08FC48FF625E04" box="[203,243,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Col</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FEC9FC48FE005E04" box="[266,401,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">macfarlanei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FE63FC48FDDD5E04" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[416,588,999,1025]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref153338" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1914) New species of Culicidae in the British Museum, with notes on the genitalia of some African Culex. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 5 (1), 63 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300034568" type="journal article" year="1914">Edwards, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The larval cuticle of subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FC00FC48FB8C5E05" authorityName="Lien" authorityYear="1968" box="[963,1053,999,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FC00FC48FB8C5E05" box="[963,1053,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">vicarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is, however, densely covered with spicules, a significant difference from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FD8AFBA4FD1B5E20" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[585,650,1035,1061]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elsiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FD8AFBA4FD1B5E20" box="[585,650,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elsiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FD5AFBA4FC8F5E20" author="Lien, J. C." box="[665,798,1035,1061]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="217 - 262" refId="ref165718" refString="Lien, J. C. (1968) New species of mosquitoes from Taiwan (Diptera: Culicidae). Part V. Three new subspecies of Aedes and seven new species of Culex. Tropical Medicine, 10 (4), 217 - 262." type="journal article" year="1968">Lien (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
summarized the differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FB0AFBA4FA9B5E20" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1225,1290,1035,1061]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elsiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FB0AFBA4FA9B5E20" box="[1225,1290,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elsiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FA81FBA4FA0D5E21" authorityName="Lien" authorityYear="1968" box="[1346,1436,1035,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FA81FBA4FA0D5E21" box="[1346,1436,1035,1060]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">vicarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the original description: “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FE17FB80FDE35E4C" box="[468,626,1071,1097]" genus="The" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="mosquito">The mosquito</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FD40FB80FD4C5E4D" authorityName="Lien" authorityYear="1968" box="[643,733,1071,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FD40FB80FD4C5E4D" box="[643,733,1071,1096]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">vicarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], in most respects, shows a close resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FAD3FB80FA0D5E4C" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1296,1436,1071,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elsiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FAD3FB80FA0D5E4C" box="[1296,1436,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aedes elsiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is therefore described here as a new subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FD3EFBFCFC195E68" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[765,904,1107,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elsiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FD3EFBFCFC195E68" box="[765,904,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aedes elsiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It differs from
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA250A41FBFEFBFCFBFC5E68" box="[1085,1133,1107,1133]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species chiefly as follows: The venter of adults mainly dark brown instead of ‘mainly yellowish’; a patch of broad dark scales sandwiched by two patches of broad white scales on upper and middle aspects of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FC4DFB34FC295EB1" box="[910,952,1179,1204]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ppn</emphasis>
|
||
[postpronotum] instead of ‘narrow yellow and broad white scales on lower border of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FD47FB10FD3F5EDD" box="[644,686,1215,1240]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ppn</emphasis>
|
||
’; antennal hair [seta] 1-A of larva inserted at about basal third of shaft and bifid instead of ‘at about middle’ and ‘with 3–5 branches’; thoracic and abdominal integument densely spiculate. The male terminalia is [
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FDDAFAA8FDA95F25" box="[537,568,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">sic</emphasis>
|
||
] almost indistinguishable from that of
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA250A41FC37FAA8FBB55F24" box="[1012,1060,1287,1313]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.” We instead judge these differences to clearly indicate separate species. We do not accept the reasoning that since the two forms are similar that they should be subspecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA250A41FF04FADCFB9E5CD4" blockId="22.[151,1437,567,1961]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
The pupal stage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FE5FFADCFE4C5F88" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[412,477,1395,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elsiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FE5FFADCFE4C5F88" box="[412,477,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elsiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not available to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FD0AFADCFCDF5F88" author="Lien, J. C." box="[713,846,1395,1421]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="217 - 262" refId="ref165718" refString="Lien, J. C. (1968) New species of mosquitoes from Taiwan (Diptera: Culicidae). Part V. Three new subspecies of Aedes and seven new species of Culex. Tropical Medicine, 10 (4), 217 - 262." type="journal article" year="1968">Lien (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
when he published a detailed illustration of the pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FF76FA38FE9E5FB5" authorityName="Lien" authorityYear="1968" box="[181,271,1431,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FF76FA38FE9E5FB5" box="[181,271,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">vicarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The description and illustration of the pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FCE1FA38FCF25FB4" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[802,867,1431,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elsiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FCE1FA38FCF25FB4" box="[802,867,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elsiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FC4FFA38FBB65FB4" author="Darsie, R. F., Jr." box="[908,1063,1431,1457]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="243 - 248" refId="ref150458" refString="Darsie, R. F., Jr. (2010) Description of Himalayan mosquito pupae II. Ochlerotatus shortti and Oc. elsiae. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 26 (3), 243 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2987 / 09 - 5977.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Darsie (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
allowed direct comparison of the pupae of the two nominal forms.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FDC4FA14FD305FD0" author="Darsie, R. F., Jr." box="[519,673,1467,1493]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="243 - 248" refId="ref150458" refString="Darsie, R. F., Jr. (2010) Description of Himalayan mosquito pupae II. Ochlerotatus shortti and Oc. elsiae. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 26 (3), 243 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2987 / 09 - 5977.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Darsie (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote: “From the illustration it can be separated from the subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FF54FA70FF495FFC" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[151,216,1503,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elsiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FF54FA70FF495FFC" box="[151,216,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elsiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pupa as follows: in
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FE7EFA70FE4F5FFC" box="[445,478,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Oc</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FE2FFA70FE695FFD" box="[492,504,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">e</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FDC4FA70FDF05FFD" authorityName="Lien" authorityYear="1968" box="[519,609,1503,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FDC4FA70FDF05FFD" box="[519,609,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">vicarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seta 1-II has 4 branches and
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FC68FA70FC5D5FFC" box="[939,972,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Oc</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FC19FA70FC775FFD" box="[986,998,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">e</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FC36FA70FBA75FFC" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1013,1078,1503,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elsiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FC36FA70FBA75FFC" box="[1013,1078,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elsiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 10–16 branches; seta 9-VII has 4 branches in the former and 8–10 branches in the latter.” We compared the illustrations of the two nominal forms and confirm the differences noted by Darsie. However, we also note many other obvious differences, such as nearly universal differences in the length and number of branches of setae (shorter and fewer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FB7CF9E4FA885C61" authorityName="Lien" authorityYear="1968" box="[1215,1305,1611,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FB7CF9E4FA885C61" box="[1215,1305,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">vicarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and a very differently shaped paddle (~1.25 times longer than wide in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FCE1F9C0FCED5C8D" authorityName="Lien" authorityYear="1968" box="[802,892,1647,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FCE1F9C0FCED5C8D" box="[802,892,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">vicarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; nearly round in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FBF4F9C0FBE95C8C" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1079,1144,1647,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elsiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FBF4F9C0FBE95C8C" box="[1079,1144,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elsiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It is always possible that this is attributable to an undetected species complex, misidentification or a mix-up of specimens or illustrations, but the differences in the larval stage and adults remain to support our conclusions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA250A41FF04F974FDB85D38" blockId="22.[151,1437,567,1961]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Given the significant morphological differences and the geographic isolation of subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FB02F974FA8A5CF1" authorityName="Lien" authorityYear="1968" box="[1217,1307,1755,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FB02F974FA8A5CF1" box="[1217,1307,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">vicarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we hereby recognize its status as a species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FDD5F951FC4A5D1D" authority="Lien, 1968" authorityName="Lien" authorityYear="1968" box="[534,987,1790,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicarius" subGenus="Collessius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FDD5F951FC4A5D1D" bold="true" box="[534,987,1790,1817]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FDD5F951FDCB5D1C" bold="true" box="[534,602,1790,1817]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aedes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FDADF951FD725D1C" bold="true" box="[622,739,1790,1817]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Collessius</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FD35F950FCC35D1C" bold="true" box="[758,850,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">vicarius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FC98F951FC4A5D1D" author="Lien, J. C." box="[859,987,1790,1816]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="217 - 262" refId="ref165718" refString="Lien, J. C. (1968) New species of mosquitoes from Taiwan (Diptera: Culicidae). Part V. Three new subspecies of Aedes and seven new species of Culex. Tropical Medicine, 10 (4), 217 - 262." type="journal article" year="1968">Lien, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FC2FF950FB035D1D" authorityName="Lien" authorityYear="1968" box="[1004,1170,1791,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FC2FF950FB035D1D" box="[1004,1170,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aedes vicarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA250A41FF04F8E8FD605DAC" blockId="22.[151,1437,567,1961]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FF04F8E8FEC25D64" authority="(Col.)" baseAuthorityName="Col." box="[199,339,1863,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FF04F8E8FE9B5D64" box="[199,266,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aedes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FED9F8E8FED35D64" box="[282,322,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Col</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FE99F8E8FE0A5D64" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[346,411,1863,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elsiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FE99F8E8FE0A5D64" box="[346,411,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elsiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has one synonym:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FDB1F8E8FBD35D64" authority="Barraud, 1931" authorityName="Barraud" authorityYear="1931" box="[626,1090,1863,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulatus" subGenus="Finlaya">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FDB1F8E8FD245D64" box="[626,693,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aedes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FD06F8E8FC8D5D64" box="[709,796,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Finlaya</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FCEEF8E8FC095D64" box="[813,920,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">simulatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FC5CF8E8FBD35D64" author="Barraud, P. J." box="[927,1090,1863,1889]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="609 - 616" refId="ref144328" refString="Barraud, P. J. (1931) Descriptions of eight new species of Indian culicine mosquitoes. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 19 (2), 609 - 616, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1931">Barraud, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It was described from a single female from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA250A41FEEDF8C4FEEC5D80" box="[302,381,1899,1925]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Assam</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Haflong, Cachar Hills,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA250A41FD5EF8C4FD465D80" box="[669,727,1899,1925]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and was listed as a synonym, without comment, in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FA81F8C4FF745DAC" author="Barraud, P. J." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref144365" refString="Barraud, P. J. (1934) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Diptera. Vol. V. Family Culicidae. Tribes Megarhinini and Culicini. Taylor and Francis, London, xxviii + 463 pp., 8 pls." type="book" year="1934">Barraud (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. There are no synonyms of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FDD8F820FDD15DAC" box="[539,576,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ae.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FD93F820FDE95DAC" box="[592,632,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Col</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FD4CF820FD785DAD" authorityName="Lien" authorityYear="1968" box="[655,745,1935,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FD4CF820FD785DAD" box="[655,745,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">vicarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |