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<mods:title id="31774C43E3614CC43E0D89704E953196">Mature Larvae and Nesting Biologies of Bees Currently Assigned to the Osmiini (Apoidea: Megachilidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03ED8E304A6F8A2AACDDFE4E1F80FC66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4583829" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179990473" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4583829" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED8E304A6F8A2AACDDFE4E1F80FC66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED8E304A6F8A2AACDDFE4E1F80FC66" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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COMPARISON WITH
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAFC0FE4E1D06FA59" ID-CoL="KZ3" box="[709,873,487,513]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Megachilini">MEGACHILINI</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35E6CAD4A6F8A2FADADFDB61CC6FB5E" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6F8A2CADADFDB61AF7FBF6" blockId="9.[120,1225,543,1615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The description of the larvae of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAF49FDB61CC1FA61" box="[588,686,543,569]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Osmiini">Osmiini</taxonomicName>
, above, is based on the material treated in the following key. However, this description cannot be relied upon to distinguish osmiine larvae from those of other nonparasitic
<superScript id="7C31926E4A6F8A2CACF1FDC11F92FA21" attach="left" box="[500,509,616,633]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6</superScript>
members of the entire
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAE08FDC01DC5FADB" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[781,938,617,643]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Megachilinae">Megachilinae</taxonomicName>
because of the large size of the subfamily and lack of information concerning mature larvae of so many included taxa. It was therefore decided to undertake an exploratory character comparison between the description of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAC4FFD701FC4FAAB" box="[330,427,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Osmiini">Osmiini</taxonomicName>
, above, and the description of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAE32FD701DAEFAAB" box="[823,961,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Megachilini">Megachilini</taxonomicName>
as presented by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6F8A2CA97AFD731F3AFB41" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr. &amp; S. M. Kamel" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref23884" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr., and S. M. Kamel. 2007. Investigations on the biologies and immature stages of the cleptoparasitic bee genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and their Megachile hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini). American Museum Novitates 3573: 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="2007">Rozen and Kamel (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, augmented by the more complete evaluation of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CA934FD561ACAFB41" box="[1073,1189,767,793]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6F8A2CA934FD561ACAFB41" box="[1073,1189,767,793]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Megachile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6F8A2CAD7DFC8C1F3BFB67" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr. &amp; J. S. Ascher &amp; S. M. Kamel &amp; K. M. Mohamed" box="[120,340,804,831]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref24158" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr., J. S. Ascher, S. M. Kamel, and K. M. Mohamed. 2016. Larval diversity in the bee genus Megachile (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae). American Museum Novitates 3863: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2016">Rozen et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
. Such a comparison might be useful in two ways: it might test the usefulness of larval characters in evaluating phylogenetic relationships in the subfamily in general, and specifically it might test the hypothesis that
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAF8EFCC61D7BFBD1" authorityName="Mavromoustakis" authorityYear="1956" box="[651,788,879,905]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ochreriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6F8A2CAF8EFCC61D7BFBD1" box="[651,788,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ochreriades</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the sister to the lineage that gave rise to the
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CADF2FC3D1F38FBF6" box="[247,343,916,942]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Osmiini">Osmiini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAC96FC3D1C4EFBF6" box="[403,545,916,942]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Megachilini">Megachilini</taxonomicName>
, one of the topologies recovered in
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6F8A2CAECDFC3C1AFBFBF6" author="Praz, C. J." box="[968,1172,916,943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="185 - 197" refId="ref23191" refString="Praz, C. J., et al. 2008. Phylogeny and biogeography of bees of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49: 185 - 197." type="journal article" year="2008">Praz et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6F8A2CADADFC131D43FCEB" blockId="9.[120,1225,543,1615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
No consistent differences were detected regarding larval head features between the two tribes. In body shape,
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAC7BFC761C65FBA1" box="[382,522,991,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Megachilini">Megachilini</taxonomicName>
were consistently linear in lateral view with the largest segments toward the rear. With
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CACD3FBAD1C59FC46" box="[470,566,1028,1054]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Osmiini">Osmiini</taxonomicName>
body shape was highly variable, with one group (
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CA996FBAD1E88FC1B" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6F8A2CA996FBAD1E88FC1B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ashmeadiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CADF3FB801F12FC1B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[246,381,1065,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6F8A2CADF3FB801F12FC1B" box="[246,381,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chelostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CACC4FB801C25FC1B" authorityName="Mavromoustakis" authorityYear="1956" box="[449,586,1065,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ochreriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6F8A2CACC4FB801C25FC1B" box="[449,586,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ochreriades</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) having more slender bodies, widest at midbody and tapering toward both ends (figs.12–18, 22, 23, 27). With other osmiines, the posterior end of the abdomen was extensively enlarged (figs. 1, 20, 24, 26, 28) or in other ways (figs. 3, 4, 20, 21) distinguishable from the three genera identified above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6F8A2CADADFB161AA7FE16" blockId="9.[120,1225,543,1615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
One feature dealing with body vestiture may shed light on the relationship between
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CA97FFB161ED2FCA6" authorityName="Mavromoustakis" authorityYear="1956" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ochreriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6F8A2CA97FFB161ED2FCA6" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ochreriades</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on one hand with the
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CACCAFB4D1C40FCA6" box="[463,559,1252,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Osmiini">Osmiini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAF68FB4D1C96FCA6" box="[621,761,1252,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Megachilini">Megachilini</taxonomicName>
on the other hand.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6F8A2CAEE2FB4C1AA7FCA7" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr. &amp; J. S. Ascher &amp; S. M. Kamel &amp; K. M. Mohamed" box="[999,1224,1252,1279]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref24158" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr., J. S. Ascher, S. M. Kamel, and K. M. Mohamed. 2016. Larval diversity in the bee genus Megachile (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae). American Museum Novitates 3863: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2016">Rozen et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out that in
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAC5EFAA01F88FD7B" box="[347,487,1289,1315]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Megachilini">Megachilini</taxonomicName>
body vestiture consists of only setae and no spicules. However, in the
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CADCDFA861F45FD11" box="[200,298,1327,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Osmiini">Osmiini</taxonomicName>
, mature larvae of some taxa have a body vestiture of both setae and spicules while others have setae alone. Larval
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAF46FAFD1CA1FD36" authorityName="Mavromoustakis" authorityYear="1956" box="[579,718,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ochreriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6F8A2CAF46FAFD1CA1FD36" box="[579,718,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ochreriades</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only body setae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6F8A2CAEDEFAFD1AD3FD37" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr. &amp; H. H. Go" box="[987,1212,1364,1391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref23678" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr., and H. H. Go. 2015. Descriptions of the egg and mature larva of the bee Chelostoma (Prochelostoma) philadelphi with additional notes on nesting biology (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Osmiini). American Museum Novitates 3844: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2015">Rozen et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
). Among the various branches of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAF24FAD01CAFFDCB" box="[545,704,1401,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Megachilidae</taxonomicName>
, larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAE3FFAD01D89FDCB" box="[826,998,1401,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pararhophitini">Pararhophitini</taxonomicName>
are known to have both
<typeStatus id="54FF81844A6F8A2CADB3FA361E9CFDE1" box="[182,243,1439,1465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">types</typeStatus>
of body vestiture (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6F8A2CACD4FA361D76FDE1" author="McGinley, R. J. &amp; J. G. Rozen, Jr." box="[465,793,1439,1465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref22885" refString="McGinley, R. J., and J. G. Rozen, Jr. 1987. Nesting biology, immature stages, and phylogenetic placement of the palaearctic bee genus Pararhophites (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). American Museum Novitates 2903: 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1987">McGinley and Rozen, 1987</bibRefCitation>
). In the
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAE7EFA361DB2FDE1" box="[891,989,1439,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Fideliini">Fideliini</taxonomicName>
both
<typeStatus id="54FF81844A6F8A2CA921FA361A0EFDE1" box="[1060,1121,1439,1465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">types</typeStatus>
of vestiture are found in
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAC49FA6D1C26FD86" authority="(Rozen, 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Rozen" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[332,585,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Fidelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6F8A2CAC49FA6D1FF5FD86" box="[332,410,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fidelia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6F8A2CACAEFA6D1C2FFD86" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr." box="[427,576,1476,1502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref23228" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1970. Biology, immature stages, and phylogenetic relationships of fideliine bees, with the description of a new species of Neofidelia (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). American Museum Novitates 2427: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1970">Rozen, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAF82FA6D1DDCFD86" authority="(Rozen, 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Rozen" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[647,947,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Parafidelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6F8A2CAF82FA6D1D6CFD86" box="[647,771,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Parafidelia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6F8A2CAE11FA6D1DC4FD86" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr." box="[788,939,1476,1502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref23354" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1977. The ethology and systematic relationships of fideliine bees, including a description of the mature larva of Parafidelia (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). American Museum Novitates 2637: 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1977">Rozen, 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but in
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CA914FA6D1AEAFD86" authorityName="Moure &amp; Michener" authorityYear="1955" box="[1041,1157,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Neofidelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6F8A2CA914FA6D1AEAFD86" box="[1041,1157,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Neofidelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only body setae are found (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6F8A2CAC78FA431C4EFE5C" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr." box="[381,545,1514,1540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref23275" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1973 a. Life history and immature stages of the bee Neofidelia (Hymenoptera, Fideliidae). American Museum Novitates 2519: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1973">Rozen, 1973a</bibRefCitation>
). Among the
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAFC7FA401D55FE5B" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[706,826,1513,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lithurgini">Lithurgini</taxonomicName>
both
<typeStatus id="54FF81844A6F8A2CAE85FA431DD2FE5C" box="[896,957,1514,1540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">types</typeStatus>
of body vestiture have been reported for
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAC56F9A61FAEFE71" box="[339,449,1551,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Lithurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6F8A2CAC56F9A61FAEFE71" box="[339,449,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lithurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CACD4F9A61C33FE71" authorityName="Fox" authorityYear="1902" box="[465,604,1551,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Lithurgopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6F8A2CACD4F9A61C33FE71" box="[465,604,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lithurgopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAFA7F9A61D2CFE71" authorityName="Moure" authorityYear="1949" box="[674,835,1551,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trichothurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6F8A2CAFA7F9A61D2CFE71" box="[674,835,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Trichothurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6F8A2CAE51F9A61D96FE71" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr." box="[852,1017,1551,1577]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref23311" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1973 b. Immature stages of lithurgine bees with descriptions of the Megachilidae and Fideliidae based on mature larvae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). American Museum Novitates 2527: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1973">Rozen, 1973b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6F8A2CA902F9A61EDCFE16" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr. &amp; H. G. Hall" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref23839" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr., and H. G. Hall. 2014. Nest site selection and nesting behavior of the bee Lithurgopsis apicalis (Megachilidae: Lithurginae). American Museum Novitates 3796: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2014">Rozen and Hall, 2014</bibRefCitation>
). If it is assumed that the widespread occurrence of two
<typeStatus id="54FF81844A6F8A2CAE48F99C1DE5FE17" box="[845,906,1589,1615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">types</typeStatus>
of body vestiture in all the
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6F8A2CAD7CF9DC1C7AFEBD" blockId="9.[121,1224,1653,1766]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<superScript id="7C31926E4A6F8A2CAD7CF9DC1EEEFEDB" attach="left" box="[121,129,1653,1667]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6</superScript>
Cleptoparasitism has evolved a good many times in the
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6F8A2CAFC6F9DF1D23FED6" box="[707,844,1654,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Megachilidae</taxonomicName>
, possibly resulting in a number of de novo appearances of parallel anatomical features. Furthermore, larvae of presumed cleptoparasitic osmiines have not yet been studied. To simplify analysis, only nonparasitic groups have been considered here but are referenced in other places in the paper.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6C8A2FAD7DFF481CE0F979" blockId="10.[120,1225,225,775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
basal branches of the family is evidence that it is the primitive condition in the
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FA920FF481AABF8A3" box="[1061,1220,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Megachilidae</taxonomicName>
, then the occurrence of setae alone is derived.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6C8A2FADADFE841AC3FA59" blockId="10.[120,1225,225,775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
However, the presence or absence of body spicules may be a labile feature in megachilid bees, as evidenced by absence of spicules in
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FAF3AFEF81CDFF933" authorityName="Moure &amp; Michener" authorityYear="1955" box="[575,688,337,363]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Neofidelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAF3AFEF81CDFF933" box="[575,688,337,363]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Neofidelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mentioned above, as well as the following: in the
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FADA1FEDE1F72F9C9" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1899" box="[164,285,375,401]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Anthidiini">Anthidiini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FAC21FEDE1D10F9C9" authority="(Cockerell) (Rozen and Hall, 2012)" authorityName="Rozen and Hall" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[292,895,375,402]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAC21FEDE1F8FF9C9" box="[292,480,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Trachusa larreae</emphasis>
(Cockerell) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6C8A2FAF7DFEDE1D18F9C9" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr. &amp; H. G. Hall" box="[632,887,375,401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref23793" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr., and H. G. Hall. 2012. Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). American Museum Novitates 3765: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2012">Rozen and Hall, 2012</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FAE8FFEDE1AA7F9CA" authority="(Urban)" baseAuthorityName="Urban" box="[906,1224,375,402]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilense">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAE8FFEDE1A0CF9C9" box="[906,1123,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Anthidium chilense</emphasis>
(Urban)
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FADA6FE351D61F9EF" authority=", Rozen, 2015" authorityName="Rozen" authorityYear="2015" box="[163,782,412,439]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Notanathidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilense" subGenus="Allanthidium">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FADA6FE351F3DF9EE" box="[163,338,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Notanathidium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAC60FE351F93F9EE" box="[357,508,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Allanthidium</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAF15FE351C07F9EE" box="[528,616,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">chilense</emphasis>
, Rozen, 2015
</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FAE5CFE351F77F984" authority="Parker" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongativentris" subGenus="S.">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAE5CFE351DFCF9EE" box="[857,915,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stelis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAEA3FE351DD4F9EE" box="[934,955,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAECBFE351A1DF9EE" box="[974,1138,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">elongativentris</emphasis>
Parker (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6C8A2FAD85FE6B1F7FF984" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr." box="[128,272,450,476]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref23398" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr. 1987. Nesting biology of the bee Ashmeadiella holtii and its cleptoparasite, a new species of Stelis (Apoidea: Megachilidae). American Museum Novitates 2900: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1987">Rozen, 1987</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
are reported to have setae and spicules, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FAE44FE681AA6F983" authority="Perez" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="1884" box="[833,1225,449,476]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="phaeoptera" subGenus="S." subSpecies="murina">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAE44FE681D15F983" box="[833,890,449,475]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stelis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAE8CFE6B1DF1F984" box="[905,926,450,476]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAEABFE681AEBF983" box="[942,1156,449,475]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">phaeoptera murina</emphasis>
Pérez
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6C8A2FAD85FE4E1FF8FA59" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr. &amp; S. M. Kamel" box="[128,407,487,513]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref23941" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr., and S. M. Kamel. 2009. Last larval instar and mature oocyte of the old world cleptoparasitic bee Stelis murina, including a review of Stelis biology. (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini). American Museum Novitates 3666: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2009">Rozen and Kamel, 2009</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FACDDFE4E1CB4FA59" authority="Mitchell" authorityName="Mitchell" authorityYear="1962" box="[472,731,487,513]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ater" subGenus="S.">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FACDDFE4E1C7EFA59" box="[472,529,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stelis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAF26FE4E1C58FA59" box="[547,567,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAF4DFE411C1BFA59" box="[584,628,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ater</emphasis>
Mitchell
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6C8A2FAFEFFE4E1D88FA59" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr. &amp; H. G. Hall" box="[746,999,487,513]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref23737" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr., and H. G. Hall. 2011. Nesting and developmental biology of the cleptoparasitic bee Stelis ater (Anthidiini) and its host, Osmia chalybea (Osmiini) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). American Museum Novitates 3707: 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="2011">Rozen and Hall, 2011</bibRefCitation>
) have only setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6C8A2FADADFDA51CC6FB5E" blockId="10.[120,1225,225,775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
And yet another matter remains obscure. It has been postulated that body vestiture in megachilid bees enables the mature larva to move around in its cell to finish feeding, to position its fecal deposits, and to manufacture its cocoon (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6C8A2FAFE2FDFE1D8BFA29" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr. &amp; H. G. Hall" box="[743,996,599,625]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref23737" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr., and H. G. Hall. 2011. Nesting and developmental biology of the cleptoparasitic bee Stelis ater (Anthidiini) and its host, Osmia chalybea (Osmiini) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). American Museum Novitates 3707: 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="2011">Rozen and Hall, 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6C8A2FAEEAFDFE1A46FA29" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr. &amp; H. G. Hall" box="[1007,1065,599,625]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref23793" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr., and H. G. Hall. 2012. Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). American Museum Novitates 3765: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
, 2014;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6C8A2FA97DFDFE1EADFACE" author="Rozen, J. G., Jr." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref23536" refString="Rozen, J. G., Jr. 2013 a. Larval development and nesting biology of the adventive wood-nesting bee Lithurgus (L.) chrysurus Fonscolombe (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Lithurgini). American Museum Novitates 3774: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2013">Rozen, 2013a</bibRefCitation>
). In most of these cases two
<typeStatus id="54FF81844A6C8A2FAF16FDD41C3FFACF" box="[531,592,637,663]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">types</typeStatus>
of vestitures are involved: spicules and setae. We also know that with some taxa setae alone are involved (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FAE27FD081DC4FAE3" authorityName="Mavromoustakis" authorityYear="1956" box="[802,939,673,699]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ochreriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAE27FD081DC4FAE3" box="[802,939,673,699]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ochreriades</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FAEB9FD081A40FAE3" box="[956,1071,673,699]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAEB9FD081A40FAE3" box="[956,1071,673,699]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Megachile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). We do not understand the differences in the function of these two mechanical systems that accomplish the same thing. There is more work to be done.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6CAD4A6C8A2FAC10FCEB1D4FFBD9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="key">
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6C8A2FAC10FCEB1D4FFBD9" blockId="10.[277,1067,834,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
KEY TO MATURE LARVAE OF OSMIINE SPECIES DESCRIBED HEREIN EXCLUSIVE OF
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FAFD5FCCE1D4FFBD9" ID-CoL="63GNP" box="[720,800,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">OSMIA</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6C8A2FADADFC3E1C35FC84" blockId="10.[120,1225,919,1244]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The preparation of this key was an attempt to analyze larval features that might be employed to distinguish between the various genera of osmiines. As indicated in the introduction, mature larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FACB4FC4B1F91FBA4" ID-CoL="63GNP" box="[433,510,994,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FACB4FC4B1F91FBA4" box="[433,510,994,1020]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Osmia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are too poorly known at this time to be generically characterized. Furthermore, larval representatives of only two of the subgenera of
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FA93FFBAE1AF8FC79" ID-CoL="4YKZ" box="[1082,1175,1031,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FA93FFBAE1AF8FC79" box="[1082,1175,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hoplitis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known. All other osmiine taxa whose larvae are treated in the paper can be found below except for
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FAC06FBFB1C74FC33" ID-CoL="JHQ3" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[259,539,1105,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Atoposmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="copelandica">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAC06FBFB1C74FC33" box="[259,539,1105,1132]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Atoposmia copelandica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the single specimen of which was poorly preserved. Unknown is whether the head of the postdefecating form of this species normally retracts into the prothorax, as does the head of
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FAF5CFB341D18FCEE" ID-CoL="JHQ9" baseAuthorityName="Michener" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[601,887,1180,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Atoposmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypostomalis">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAF5CFB341D18FCEE" box="[601,887,1180,1207]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Atoposmia hypostomalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as mentioned above in the section on Special Anatomical Features.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6C8A2FAD7DFB4E1AA7FD29" blockId="10.[120,1224,1255,1767]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
1. Intersegmental lines deeply incised with caudal annulets of anterior abdominal segments
<subSubSection id="C35E6CAD4A6C8A2FADADFAA51AA7FD29" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
tending to override anterior part of following cephalic annulets (fig. 3); body integument of postdefecating larva relatively stiff, so that body shape retained even after clearing (all species of
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FAC27FAFE1F13FD29" box="[290,380,1367,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAC27FAFE1F13FD29" box="[290,380,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hoplitis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
dealt with herein except for
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FAFD4FAF11D0FFD29" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[721,864,1367,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerophila">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAFD4FAF11D0FFD29" box="[721,864,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H. xerophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)........................ 2
</subSubSection>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6C8A2FAD7DFAD41AA7FDBA" blockId="10.[120,1224,1255,1767]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">– Intersegmental lines normally to weakly incised, so that segments not overriding one another as described above (figs. 4, 12–28); integument of postdefecating larva relatively soft, so that body of cleared specimen tending to flatten when not submerged in glycerin........ 5</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6C8A2FAD7DFA451AD0FE09" blockId="10.[120,1224,1255,1767]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2(1). Antenna projecting as far as clypeus in lateral profile (fig. 11); cephalic annulet of abdominal segments 3 and 4 each with deep transverse groove resulting in formation of median, strong, posteriorly directed intersegmental tubercle (fig. 8)...................</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6C8A2FADB1F9F41AA7FEBE" blockId="10.[120,1224,1255,1767]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6C8A2FAFC8F9F51AA7FE2F" authority="(Cockerell)" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[717,1224,1628,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biscutellae" subGenus="Alcidamea">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAFC8F9F51D48FE2E" box="[717,807,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hoplitis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAE3DF9F51DDCFE2E" box="[824,947,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Alcidamea</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6C8A2FAEC0F9F51A53FE2E" box="[965,1084,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">biscutellae</emphasis>
(Cockerell)
</taxonomicName>
– Clypeus projecting farther than antenna in lateral profile (figs. 9, 10); cephalic annulet of abdominal segments 3 and 4 with (figs. 6, 7) or without (fig. 5) transverse groove, but if with groove never forming posteriorly directed intersegmental tubercle.............. 3
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6D8A2EAD7DFF481AA7F91E" blockId="11.[120,1225,225,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
3(2). Mandibular teeth, at least usually, apically rounded; vestiture of lateral lobe of abdominal segment 8 without pigmented spicules, consisting of only fine setae (although if broken, setae might be confused with spicules)......
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6D8A2EAE01FE851AA7F91E" authority="(Cresson)" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[772,1224,300,327]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida" subGenus="Alcidamea">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAE01FE851D31F91E" box="[772,862,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hoplitis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAE75FE851D84F91E" box="[880,1003,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Alcidamea</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAEF8FE851A22F91E" box="[1021,1101,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">fulgida</emphasis>
(Cresson)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6D8A2EAD7DFEFB1AA7F9C9" blockId="11.[120,1225,225,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">– Mandibular teeth apically acute, short to elongate; vestiture of lateral lobe of abdominal segment 8 consisting of both setae and pigmented spicules.......................... 4</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6D8A2EAD7DFE351AA7FA5A" blockId="11.[120,1225,225,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
4(3). Vertex in lateral profile slightly curved (fig. 9), without angle or protrusion; cephalic annulet of abdominal segment 3 without transverse groove (fig. 5).............................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6D8A2EAFD2FE4E1AA7FA5A" authority="(Cockerell)" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[727,1224,487,514]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypocrita" subGenus="Alcidamea">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAFD2FE4E1D5EFA59" box="[727,817,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hoplitis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAE46FE4E1DD1FA59" box="[835,958,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Alcidamea</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAECAFE4E1A54FA59" box="[975,1083,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">hypocrita</emphasis>
(Cockerell)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6D8A2EAD7DFDA41AA7FAE4" blockId="11.[120,1225,225,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
– Vertex in lateral profile either bent (as in fig. 11) or bearing low protuberance (fig. 10); cephalic annulet of abdominal segment 3 with distinct, small to large transverse groove............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6D8A2EAFEBFDFE1AA7FA29" authority="(Cresson)" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[750,1224,599,625]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="producta" subGenus="Alcidamea">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAFEBFDFE1D27FA29" box="[750,840,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hoplitis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAE5FFDFE1DBAFA29" box="[858,981,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Alcidamea</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAEE2FDFE1A22FA29" box="[999,1101,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">producta</emphasis>
(Cresson)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6D8A2EAE29FDD51AA7FACE" authority="Titus" authorityName="Titus" authorityYear="1904" box="[812,1224,636,663]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sambuci" subGenus="Alcidamea">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAE29FDD51DE9FACE" box="[812,902,636,662]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hoplitis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAE9DFDD51A7CFACE" box="[920,1043,636,662]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Alcidamea</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EA920FDD51AEBFACE" box="[1061,1156,636,662]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sambuci</emphasis>
Titus
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6D8A2EAFECFD081AA7FAE4" authority="(Cockerell)" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[745,1224,673,700]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uvulalis" subGenus="Alcidamea">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAFECFD081D2CFAE3" box="[745,835,673,699]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hoplitis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAE51FD081DA0FAE3" box="[852,975,673,699]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Alcidamea</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAEE4FD081A54FAE3" box="[993,1083,673,699]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">uvulalis</emphasis>
(Cockerell)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6D8A2EAD7DFD6E1AA7FB09" blockId="11.[120,1225,225,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
5(1). Postdefecating larva in lateral view with thickest part of body near midbody and posterior part of body gradually tapering (figs. 12–18, 21–23, 27); elevation of caudal annulets tending to persist posteriorly at least to abdominal segment 7; head size except for
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6D8A2EAEEBFCBB1AC4FB73" box="[1006,1195,785,811]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Haetosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vechti">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAEEBFCBB1AC4FB73" box="[1006,1195,785,811]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Haetosmia vechti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(fig. 21) tending to be small to very small relative to body size (figs. 12–19, 22, 23)......... 6
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6D8A2EAD7DFCF41AA7FBBE" blockId="11.[120,1225,225,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">– Postdefecating larva in lateral view with thickest part of body well posterior to midbody and posterior part of body ending more abruptly (figs. 20, 24–26, 28); elevation of caudal annulets tending to be lost beyond abdominal segment 5; head size tending to be moderate relative to body size (figs. 4, 20, 24–27)..................................... 10</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6D8A2EAD7DFC581AA7FC69" blockId="11.[120,1225,225,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">6(5). Caudal annulets without midline dorsal tubercle, so that caudal annulet uniformly setose; head size relative to body size small (figs. 12–16, 18) to very small (figs. 17, 22, 23)....... 7</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6D8A2EAD7DFB941AA6FC24" blockId="11.[120,1225,225,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
– Caudal annulets of abdominal segments 1–4 with elevated midline tubercles that lack setae (fig. 21, arrows); head size relative to body size moderate (fig. 21).........
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6D8A2EAEC5FBCB1AA6FC24" authority="Peters" authorityName="Peters" box="[960,1225,1121,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Haetosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vechti">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAEC5FBCB1A11FC23" box="[960,1150,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Haetosmia vechti</emphasis>
Peters
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6D8A2EAD7DFB2E1AA7FCF9" blockId="11.[120,1225,225,1746]" box="[120,1224,1159,1186]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7 (6). Head size very small relative to body size (figs. 17, 22)............................ 8</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6D8A2EAD7DFB041AA7FD4A" blockId="11.[120,1225,225,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
– Head size relative to body size larger (figs. 12–16, 18) than that of
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAEA5FB051C12FCB3" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6D8A2EAEA5FB051A48FC9E" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[928,1063,1196,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chelostoma</taxonomicName>
.................................
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6D8A2EACE6FB781C12FCB3" box="[483,637,1233,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ashmeadiella</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(all species treated herein except for
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6D8A2EA932FB7B1AD2FCB3" box="[1079,1213,1234,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opuntiae">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EA932FB7B1AD2FCB3" box="[1079,1213,1234,1260]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. opuntiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6D8A2EAE74FB5E1AA7FD4A" authority="(Friese)" baseAuthorityName="Friese" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[881,1224,1271,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ochreriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAE74FB5E1A0AFD49" box="[881,1125,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ochreriades fasciatus</emphasis>
(Friese)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6D8A2EAD7DFAB51AA7FD04" blockId="11.[120,1225,225,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
8(7). Antennal papilla longer, length about 3 times basal diameter.....................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6D8A2EAE16FAEB1AA7FD04" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[787,1224,1346,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opuntiae" subGenus="Alcidamea">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAE16FAEB1DC2FD04" box="[787,941,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ashmeadiella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAEBAFAEB1DB6FD04" box="[959,985,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAEE9FAEB1A3FFD03" box="[1004,1104,1346,1371]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">opuntiae</emphasis>
Cockerell
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6D8A2EAD7DFACE1AA7FDD9" blockId="11.[120,1225,225,1746]" box="[120,1224,1383,1409]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">– Antennal papilla shorter, length about 2 times basal diameter......................... 9</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6D8A2EAD7DFA251AA7FDFF" blockId="11.[120,1225,225,1746]" box="[120,1224,1420,1447]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
9(8). Spiracular atrium without spicules...
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6D8A2EAF85FA251AA7FDFF" authority="(Lepeletier)" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[640,1224,1420,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rapunculi" subGenus="Gyrodromella">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAF85FA251D68FDFE" box="[640,775,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chelostoma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAE1CFA251DD8FDFE" box="[793,951,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gyrodromella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAECDFA251A59FDFE" box="[968,1078,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">rapunculi</emphasis>
(Lepeletier)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6D8A2EAD7DFA1B1AA7FD95" blockId="11.[120,1225,225,1746]" box="[120,1224,1458,1485]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
– Spiracular atrium with spicules....... C
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAF76FA1B1C88FD94" box="[627,743,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">helostoma</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6D8A2EAFEAFA1B1AA7FD95" authority="(Robertson)" baseAuthorityName="Robertson" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[751,1224,1458,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philadelphi" subGenus="Prochelostoma">
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAFFCFA1B1DCFFD94" box="[761,928,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Prochelostoma</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAEB7FA1B1A5EFD94" box="[946,1073,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">philadelphi</emphasis>
(Robertson)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6D8A2EAD7DFA7E1AA7FE4E" blockId="11.[120,1225,225,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
10(5). Abdominal segment 8 with lateral lobe bearing about 25 inconspicuous setae/spicules; body form of postdefecating larva robust (fig. 28).....
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6D8A2EAE32FA541AA7FE4E" authority="(Perez)" baseAuthorityName="Perez" box="[823,1224,1532,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anceyi" subGenus="Hoplosmia">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAE32FA541DECFE4F" box="[823,899,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Osmia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAE90FA551A7EFE4E" box="[917,1041,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hoplosmia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EA926FA541A02FE4E" box="[1059,1133,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">anceyi</emphasis>
(Pérez)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6D8A2EAD7DF98B1AA8FE39" blockId="11.[120,1225,225,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">– Abdominal segment 8 with lateral lobe bearing 15 setae/spicules or fewer; body form variable...................................................................11</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6D8A2EAD7DF9C51AA7FE8A" blockId="11.[120,1225,225,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
11(10). Body vestiture consisting of two lengths, i.e., longer, tapering setae and shorter setae/ spicules of uncertain structure; head retracted into pronotum, so that only front visible in lateral view (fig. 20)................
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6D8A2EAF80F91E1AA7FE8A" authority="(Michener)" baseAuthorityName="Michener" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[645,1224,1719,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Atoposmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypostomalis" subGenus="Eremosmia">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAF80F91E1D6FFE89" box="[645,768,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Atoposmia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAE17F9111DFCFE89" box="[786,915,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Eremosmia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6D8A2EAEA0F91E1A55FE89" box="[933,1082,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">hypostomalis</emphasis>
(Michener)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6A8A29AD7DFF4B1AA7F8A3" blockId="12.[120,1224,225,551]" box="[120,1224,225,252]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">– Body vestiture consisting of only setae; head normally exserted (figs. 4, 17)............ 11</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6A8A29AD7DFEAE1AA7F9CA" blockId="12.[120,1224,225,551]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
11(10). Head of normal size (figs. 24, 25) compared to body; caudal annulets without bilobed median tubercle lacking setae (fig. 24); body setae pigmented, unusually bristlelike and stiff, stout basally, tapering evenly to fine, sharp apices; these setae arising from conspicuous alveoli...............................
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6A8A29AFD1FEDE1AA7F9CA" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[724,1224,375,402]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Heriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum" subGenus="Heriades">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6A8A29AFD1FEDE1D55F9C9" box="[724,826,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Heriades</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6A8A29AE49FEDE1DDDF9C9" box="[844,946,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Heriades</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6A8A29AEC1FED11A2FF9C9" box="[964,1088,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">truncorum</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6A8A29AD7DFE341AA7FA7F" blockId="12.[120,1224,225,551]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
– Head size small (fig. 4) relative to body size; caudal annulets of abdominal segments 1–4 with posterior edge produced as low bilobed tubercle lacking setae (fig. 4); body setae normally slender, fine, inconspicuous, like those of other
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6A8A29AE4BFE4E1CA0FA7E" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6A8A29AE4BFE4E1DC7FA59" box="[846,936,487,513]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplitis</taxonomicName>
.............................................................
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6A8A29AFD4FDA51AA7FA7F" authority="(Cockerell)" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[721,1224,524,551]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerophila" subGenus="Proteriades">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6A8A29AFD4FDA51D44FA7E" box="[721,811,524,550]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hoplitis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6A8A29AE38FDA51DD1FA7E" box="[829,958,524,550]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Proteriades</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6A8A29AED5FDA51A54FA7E" box="[976,1083,524,550]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">xerophila</emphasis>
(Cockerell)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6A8A29AC56FDC31DCCFAF1" blockId="12.[339,1005,618,681]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">DESCRIPTIONS OF OSMIINE LARVAE ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY BY GENERIC NAME</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6A8A29ADFDFD6E1D44FB5E" blockId="12.[248,1096,711,775]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
POSTDEFECATING LARVA OF
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6A8A29AF4FFD6E1D6FFAB9" box="[586,768,711,737]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6A8A29AF4FFD6E1D6FFAB9" box="[586,768,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ASHMEADIELLA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6A8A29AE17FD6E1DA7FAB9" box="[786,968,711,737]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6A8A29AE17FD6E1DA7FAB9" box="[786,968,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ASHMEADIELLA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6A8A29AEDFFD6E1CECFB5F" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MELILOTI MELILOTI</emphasis>
(COCKERELL)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6A8A29AF6DFC8D1CB7FB66" blockId="12.[616,728,804,830]" box="[616,728,804,830]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D0B3884A4A6A8A29AF6DFC8D1CB7FB66" box="[616,728,804,830]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="7">Figure 12</heading>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C35E6CAD4A6A8A29ADADFCF51C56FDD9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6A8A29ADADFCF51C74FCB4" blockId="12.[120,1225,860,1745]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
DIAGNOSIS: As indicated by the key, above, treated larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6A8A29AE8EFCF51A47FB2E" box="[907,1064,860,886]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6A8A29AE8EFCF51A47FB2E" box="[907,1064,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ashmeadiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6A8A29A93DFCF51AAEFB2E" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[1080,1217,860,886]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6A8A29A93DFCF51AAEFB2E" box="[1080,1217,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chelostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6A8A29ADA9FC281F57FBC3" authorityName="Mavromoustakis" authorityYear="1956" box="[172,312,897,923]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ochreriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6A8A29ADA9FC281F57FBC3" box="[172,312,897,923]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ochreriades</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are so similar that they can scarcely be distinguished. Only those of
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6A8A29A974FC281EDAFB99" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6A8A29A974FC281EDAFB99" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chelostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of their extremely small head are keyed separately. There exists some variation in the number of atrial spicules, width of the salivary lips, degree of expression of elevation of caudal annulets, and perhaps in body size. However, such features are difficult to quantify and therefore of little diagnostic value. Features shared by these three taxa include slender body form with thickest part of body being the midsection and with the body gradually, evenly narrowing at both ends. Furthermore, they display no middorsal intersegmental tubercles lacking vestiture. There is also a tendency for the caudal annulets to maintain their prominence with respect to the cephalic ones toward the posterior end of the body, contrary to many of the other osmiine taxa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6A8A29ADADFB5E1C56FDD9" blockId="12.[120,1225,860,1745]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
The following description of
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6A8A29AF02FB5E1CC6FD49" box="[519,681,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
A. m.
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6A8A29AF56FB5E1CC6FD49" box="[595,681,1271,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meliloti">meliloti</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was originally based on the specimens from Bear Lake,
<collectingRegion id="4980F1C44A6A8A29ADFEFAB51F57FD6E" box="[251,312,1308,1334]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Utah</collectingRegion>
, collected and identified by Parker as
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6A8A29AFF7FAB41A79FD6E" authority="? Subsequently" authorityName="Subsequently" box="[754,1046,1308,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meliloti">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6A8A29AFF7FAB41D1BFD6E" box="[754,884,1308,1335]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. meliloti?</emphasis>
Subsequently
</taxonomicName>
after examination of the Krombein material from Portal,
<collectingRegion id="4980F1C44A6A8A29AF7DFAE81CB6FD03" box="[632,729,1345,1371]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Arizona</collectingRegion>
, no features could be found to distinguish the specimens from the two localities.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6CAD4A6A8A28ADADFA251C6AFC0E" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6A8A29ADADFA251C72FE89" blockId="12.[120,1225,860,1745]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
DESCRIPTION:
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6A8A29AC53FA251FF0FDFE" bold="true" box="[342,415,1420,1446]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Head:</emphasis>
Head moderately small in relation to body size (fig. 12); oriented in normal, hypognathous position relative to thorax. Labrum faintly pigmented except on some specimens transverse labral sclerite somewhat darker but unevenly so; maxillary sclerites faintly pigmented; salivary lips weakly to deeply pigmented; antennal papilla and maxillary and labial palpi all uniformly moderately pigmented to almost unpigmented. In lateral view, clypeus not projecting beyond frons, antenna not arising from prominence, and labrum not extending much beyond clypeus. Antennal papilla distinctly but not strongly pigmented, moderately large and elongate, longer than twice basal diameter, bearing approximately three sensilla apically. Labral sclerite unevenly pigmented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6B8A28ADADFF481F09F983" blockId="13.[120,1225,225,1223]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mandibular apex approximately parallel sided in outer views; both teeth on postdefecating larva narrowly acutely pointed with apices well separated; dorsal apical edge of dorsal tooth faintly, irregularly uneven; apical concavity defined; cuspal area not projecting; outer mandibular surface with single conspicuous long curved seta near base. Labial apex very narrow in frontal view; premental sclerite absent. Salivary lips very narrow, with inner surface questionably bearing parallel longitudinal grooves; width of lips slightly less than distance between bases of labial palpi.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6B8A28ADADFE4E1C6AFC0E" blockId="13.[120,1225,225,1223]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6B8A28ADADFE4E1E87FA59" bold="true" box="[168,232,487,513]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Body</emphasis>
(fig. 12): Body vestiture without spicules, consisting only of slender, pale, moderately elongate setae, tapering to fine points, arising from small but distinct alveoli; these setae inconspicuous; setae moderately abundant on elevated dorsal surfaces of thorax and widely scattered on anterior ventral surface of thorax; some setae present on dorsal surfaces of caudal annulets of abdominal segment 8, 9, and 10, on ventral surface of abdominal segments 8, 9, and 10; those below anus short and inconspicuous; dorsal surface elsewhere with scattered short inconspicuous setae; lateral lobe of abdominal segment 8 (i.e., area below level of spiracle) with approximately 8 setae. Body form of postdefecating larva moderate in lateral outline between robust and slender (fig. 12); body segments in lateral view gradually increasing in diameter with abdominal segments 3 to 5 having greatest diameters; caudal annulets of most body segments projecting farther than cephalic annulets and surprisingly uniform in appearance; middorsal intersegmental tubercles totally absent. Body form of predefecating larva unknown. Spiracles with pigmented peritreme, subequal in diameter; atrium globular with width somewhat greater than depth, projecting above body wall, with rim; diameter of atrial opening about 3 times radial width of peritreme; atrial inner surface smooth or nearly so; primary tracheal opening with collar; subatrium long, with about 14–18 chambers; chambers increasing slightly in size from body surface inward.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6CAD4A6B8A2AADADFBCB1F80FC66" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6B8A28ADADFBCB1C44FC9F" blockId="13.[120,1225,225,1223]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<materialsCitation id="3B2C357B4A6B8A28ADADFBCB1C48FC9F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3045971301" collectingDate="VII- 20 - 1959, V- 19 - 1961" collectionCode="V" collectorName="F. D. Parker &amp; Portal" county="Rich Co." location="Bear Lake" municipality="Four" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Utah">
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9FA55C4A6B8A28ACBFFBCB1F9DFC24" box="[442,498,1122,1148]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Four</collectingMunicipality>
postdefecating larvae:
<collectingRegion id="4980F1C44A6B8A28AE00FBC81D2DFC23" box="[773,834,1121,1147]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Utah</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="629A47AA4A6B8A28AE4AFBC81DD5FC24" box="[847,954,1121,1148]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rich Co.</collectingCounty>
:
<location id="8E9B69FD4A6B8A28AEC2FBCB1A2FFC23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED8E304A6F8A2AACDDFE4E1F80FC66:8E9B69FD4A6B8A28AEC2FBCB1A2FFC23" box="[967,1088,1121,1148]" county="Rich Co." municipality="Four" name="Bear Lake" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="Utah">Bear Lake</location>
, 1973 (
<collectorName id="26B15AF04A6B8A28A99DFBCB1EA7FCFA" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">F.D. Parker</collectorName>
) #7805. 6 postdefecating larvae:
<superScript id="7C31926E4A6B8A28AF53FB2C1C30FCCD" attach="left" box="[598,607,1157,1173]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7</superScript>
AZ:
<location id="8E9B69FD4A6B8A28AFA6FB2E1D55FCF9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED8E304A6F8A2AACDDFE4E1F80FC66:8E9B69FD4A6B8A28AFA6FB2E1D55FCF9" box="[675,826,1159,1185]" county="Rich Co." municipality="Four" name="Cochise Co." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="Utah">Cochise Co.</location>
:
<collectorName id="26B15AF04A6B8A28AE4FFB2E1DFDFCF9" box="[842,914,1159,1185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Portal</collectorName>
<collectingDate id="EFBEE00E4A6B8A28AE98FB2F1AACFCF9" box="[925,1219,1158,1185]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<date id="FFFA19E64A6B8A28AE98FB2F1A5BFCF9" box="[925,1076,1158,1185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1959-07-20">VII-20-1959</date>
,
<date id="FFFA19E64A6B8A28A946FB2E1AACFCF9" box="[1091,1219,1159,1185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1961-05-19">V-19-1961</date>
</collectingDate>
, VI-10, 15, 19-1961 (K.
<collectionCode id="ED55A7E34A6B8A28AC85FB051FF9FC9E" box="[384,406,1196,1222]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. Krombein)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6B8A28ADFEFAAE1C89FD1E" blockId="13.[251,1093,1287,1350]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
POSTDEFECATING
<collectionCode id="ED55A7E34A6B8A28ACD7FAAE1C2AFD79" box="[466,581,1287,1313]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">LARVA OF</collectionCode>
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6B8A28AF48FAAE1D6CFD79" box="[589,771,1287,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6B8A28AF48FAAE1D6CFD79" box="[589,771,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ASHMEADIELLA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6B8A28AE13FAAE1DA3FD79" box="[790,972,1287,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6B8A28AE13FAAE1DA3FD79" box="[790,972,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ASHMEADIELLA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6B8A28AEDBFAAE1A2AFD79" box="[990,1093,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ARIDULA</emphasis>
COCKERELL
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6B8A28AF6DFACD1CB7FD26" blockId="13.[616,728,1380,1406]" box="[616,728,1380,1406]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0B3884A4A6B8A28AF6DFACD1CB7FD26" box="[616,728,1380,1406]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="7">Figure 13</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6B8A28ADADFA351FC1FE7E" blockId="13.[120,1224,1436,1650]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The larva of this species is similar to that of
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6B8A28AFBAFA351D30FDEE" box="[703,863,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
A. m.
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6B8A28AE0CFA351D30FDEE" box="[777,863,1436,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meliloti">meliloti</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, although the pigmentation is reduced and the body size is smaller. The peritreme is not or is only scarcely pigmented, and the atrial surface is more clearly ringed and with scattered small spicules that are less obvious than those of
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6B8A28AC19F9A51FC1FE7E" box="[284,430,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6B8A28AC19F9A51FC6FE7E" authorityName="Michener" authorityYear="1939" box="[284,425,1548,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">A. breviceps</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6B8A28ADADF99B1AA8FE29" blockId="13.[120,1224,1436,1650]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<materialsCitation id="3B2C357B4A6B8A28ADADF99B1AAEFE29" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3045971304" collectingDate="1962-08-15" collectionCode="CA" collectorName="P. Torchio &amp; Nesting" county="Fresno Co." location="Fresno Co." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1">
MATERIAL EXAMINED: Six postdefecating larvae:
<collectionCode id="ED55A7E34A6B8A28AFE0F99B1D7FFE14" box="[741,784,1586,1612]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
:
<collectingCounty id="629A47AA4A6B8A28AE1FF99B1DF3FE14" box="[794,924,1586,1612]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fresno Co.</collectingCounty>
:
<locationDeviation id="9A4926044A6B8A28AEA2F9981A35FE14" box="[935,1114,1585,1612]" location="Kerman" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<quantity id="4CBC92C34A6B8A28AEA2F9981DB3FE13" box="[935,988,1585,1611]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.656064" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mi" value="6.0">6 mi</quantity>
S Kerman
</locationDeviation>
,
<date id="FFFA19E64A6B8A28A961F9981EDFFE29" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1962-08-15">
<collectingDate id="EFBEE00E4A6B8A28A961F9981EDFFE29" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1962-08-15">VIII-15- 1962</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="26B15AF04A6B8A28ADC4F9FE1F53FE2A" box="[193,316,1623,1650]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. Torchio</collectorName>
) #399.
<collectorName id="26B15AF04A6B8A28AC97F9FE1F82FE29" box="[402,493,1623,1649]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nesting</collectorName>
in 3/16″ soda straw in competition with
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A6B8A28AED6F9FE1AAEFE29" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[979,1217,1623,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundata">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A6B8A28AED6F9FE1AAEFE29" box="[979,1217,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Megachile rotundata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A6B8A2BAD7DF9111C98FE23" blockId="13.[120,1112,1720,1744]" lastBlockId="14.[120,1224,1576,1659]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<superScript id="7C31926E4A6B8A28AD7DF9111EEFFE9E" attach="left" box="[120,128,1720,1734]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7</superScript>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A6B8A28AD80F9111F59FE88" author="Krombein, K. V." box="[133,310,1720,1744]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref22782" refString="Krombein, K. V. 1967. Trap-nesting wasps and bees. Life histories, nests, and associates. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Press, 570 pp." type="book" year="1967">Krombein (1967)</bibRefCitation>
made no distinction between postdefecating larva, resting larva, and prepupa. FIGURES 12–19. Entire larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A688A2BACC8F9811C3DFE18" box="[461,594,1576,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BACC8F9811C3DFE18" box="[461,594,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ashmeadiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAFD9F9811C93FE18" bold="true" box="[732,764,1576,1600]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">12.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAE06F9801DFEFE18" box="[771,913,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
A. m.
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A688A2BAE45F9811DE2FE18" box="[832,909,1576,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meliloti">meliloti</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAE92F9811DD9FE18" bold="true" box="[919,950,1576,1600]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">13.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAEB8F9801DBBFE18" box="[957,980,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A688A2BAEDFF9811A3EFE18" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1910" box="[986,1105,1576,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aridula" subGenus="Alcidamea">
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAEE7F9801D9CFE18" box="[994,1011,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BA90DF9811A3EFE18" box="[1032,1105,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">aridula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BA958F9811A12FE18" bold="true" box="[1117,1149,1576,1600]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">14.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BA986F9801AF5FE18" box="[1155,1178,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BA9ACF9801AD5FE18" box="[1193,1210,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAD7DF9EF1E8EFE06" box="[120,225,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">bigeloviae.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BADE3F9EC1F69FE05" bold="true" box="[230,262,1605,1629]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">15.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAC09F9EF1F4CFE05" box="[268,291,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAC37F9EF1F2CFE05" box="[306,323,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAC5DF9EF1C46FE06" box="[344,553,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">bucconis denticulata.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAF2AF9EC1C20FE05" bold="true" box="[559,591,1605,1629]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">16.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAF50F9EF1C03FE05" box="[597,620,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAF7EF9EF1CE3FE05" box="[635,652,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAFA4F9EF1D74FE05" box="[673,795,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">c. cactorum.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAE24F9EC1D2FFE05" bold="true" box="[801,832,1605,1629]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">17.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAE43F9EF1D31FE05" box="[838,862,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A688A2BAE61F9EF1D86FE05" box="[868,1001,1606,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opuntiae" subGenus="Alcidamea">
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAE69F9EF1D12FE05" box="[876,893,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAE97F9EF1D86FE05" box="[914,1001,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">opuntiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAEF0F9EC1A7AFE05" bold="true" box="[1013,1045,1605,1629]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">18.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BA91EF9EF1A5DFE05" box="[1051,1074,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BA944F9EF1A3DFE05" box="[1089,1106,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BA962F9EF1AA7FE06" box="[1127,1224,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">occipitalis</emphasis>
(postdefecating form).
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAC67F9CA1FEDFE23" bold="true" box="[354,386,1635,1659]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">19.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BAC8CF9CA1FCFFE22" box="[393,416,1635,1658]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BACAAF9CA1FAFFE22" box="[431,448,1635,1658]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A688A2BACD3F9CA1C58FE23" box="[470,567,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">occipitalis</emphasis>
(defecating form).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A698A2AADEFFF481C9FF979" blockId="15.[234,1110,225,289]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
POSTDEFECATING
<collectionCode id="ED55A7E34A698A2AACC4FF4B1C5BF8A3" box="[449,564,225,252]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">LARVA OF</collectionCode>
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A698A2AAF39FF4B1C9DF8A4" box="[572,754,226,252]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A698A2AAF39FF4B1C9DF8A4" box="[572,754,226,252]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ASHMEADIELLA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A698A2AAE01FF4B1DD5F8A4" box="[772,954,226,252]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A698A2AAE01FF4B1DD5F8A4" box="[772,954,226,252]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ASHMEADIELLA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A698A2AAEC9FF4B1A39F8A4" box="[972,1110,226,252]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BIGELOVIAE</emphasis>
(COCKERELL)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A698A2AAF6DFEE91CB7F902" blockId="15.[616,728,320,346]" box="[616,728,320,346]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="D0B3884A4A698A2AAF6DFEE91CB7F902" box="[616,728,320,346]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="7">Figure 14</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A698A2AADADFED01CDCF987" blockId="15.[120,1224,377,631]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The larva of this species can not be distinguished from that of
<emphasis id="B930E3344A698A2AAEAAFED01A3BF9CB" box="[943,1108,377,403]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
A. m.
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A698A2AAEF8FED01A3BF9CB" box="[1021,1108,377,403]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meliloti">meliloti</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. The two specimens examined were close to pupation, which apparently made spiracles impossible to identify; their position is approximated (fig. 14).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A698A2AADADFE421F6BFA2F" blockId="15.[120,1224,377,631]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<materialsCitation id="3B2C357B4A698A2AADADFE421E90FA2F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3045971305" collectingDate="1961-05-01" collectingDateMax="1961-05-19" collectingDateMin="1961-05-01" collectionCode="V" county="Maricopa Co." location="One" municipality="Portal" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1">
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
<location id="8E9B69FD4A698A2AACB0FE421F88FA5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED8E304A6F8A2AACDDFE4E1F80FC66:8E9B69FD4A698A2AACB0FE421F88FA5D" box="[437,487,491,517]" county="Maricopa Co." municipality="Portal" name="One" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">One</location>
postdefecating larva (with pupal integument starting to form): AZ:
<collectingCounty id="629A47AA4A698A2AADAEFDB81F23FA73" box="[171,332,529,555]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Maricopa Co.</collectingCounty>
:
<location id="8E9B69FD4A698A2AAC52FDB81FA0FA73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED8E304A6F8A2AACDDFE4E1F80FC66:8E9B69FD4A698A2AAC52FDB81FA0FA73" box="[343,463,529,555]" county="Maricopa Co." municipality="Portal" name="Scottsdale" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Scottsdale</location>
,
<date id="FFFA19E64A698A2AACDCFDB91C0BFA72" box="[473,612,528,554]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1961-05-01" valueMax="1961-05-10" valueMin="1961-05-01">
<collectingDate id="EFBEE00E4A698A2AACDCFDB91C0BFA72" box="[473,612,528,554]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1961-05-01" valueMax="1961-05-10" valueMin="1961-05-01">V1-10-1961</collectingDate>
</date>
(K.
<collectionCode id="ED55A7E34A698A2AAF90FDB81CC6FA73" box="[661,681,529,555]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. Krombein) resting, H 22, cell 1. 1 postdefecating larva (with pupal legs visible) AZ:
<location id="8E9B69FD4A698A2AAF30FD9F1CAAFA09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED8E304A6F8A2AACDDFE4E1F80FC66:8E9B69FD4A698A2AAF30FD9F1CAAFA09" box="[565,709,566,593]" county="Maricopa Co." municipality="Portal" name="Cochise Co." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cochise Co.</location>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9FA55C4A698A2AAFD5FD9F1D76FA08" box="[720,793,566,592]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Portal</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="FFFA19E64A698A2AAE21FD9F1DCFFA08" box="[804,928,566,592]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1961-05-19">
<collectingDate id="EFBEE00E4A698A2AAE21FD9F1DCFFA08" box="[804,928,566,592]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1961-05-19">V-19-1961</collectingDate>
</date>
(K.
<collectionCode id="ED55A7E34A698A2AAECCFD9E1DB0FA09" box="[969,991,567,593]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. Krombein) resting, G 25, cell 1
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A698A2AADF9FD001D5BFAB1" blockId="15.[252,1093,681,745]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<collectionCode id="ED55A7E34A698A2AADF9FD001C57FA9B" box="[252,568,681,707]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">PREDEFECATING LARVA OF</collectionCode>
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A698A2AAF45FD001C99FA9B" box="[576,758,681,707]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A698A2AAF45FD001C99FA9B" box="[576,758,681,707]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ASHMEADIELLA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A698A2AAE0DFD001DD1FA9B" box="[776,958,681,707]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A698A2AAE0DFD001DD1FA9B" box="[776,958,681,707]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ASHMEADIELLA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A698A2AAED4FD001CC2FAB1" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BUCCONIS DENTICULATA</emphasis>
(CRESSON)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A698A2AAF6DFCAE1CB7FB7A" blockId="15.[616,728,775,802]" box="[616,728,775,802]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="D0B3884A4A698A2AAF6DFCAE1CB7FB7A" box="[616,728,775,802]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="7">Figure 15</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A698A2AADADFCE91D96FBAA" blockId="15.[120,1225,832,1087]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The single available specimen of this species had fecal material in its hind gut and also some apparently in the midintestine, indicating that it was preserved before it had reached the postdefecating stage. Unfortunately, the specimen tore apart while being cleared, so that placement of spiracles are approximate in figure 15, but other important features could be observed, none of which seemed to differ from those of postdefecating
<emphasis id="B930E3344A698A2AAE56FC711D96FBAA" box="[851,1017,984,1010]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
A. m.
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A698A2AAE99FC711D99FBAA" box="[924,1014,984,1010]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ashmeadiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meliloti">meliloti</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A698A2AADADFC571F80FC66" blockId="15.[120,1225,832,1087]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<materialsCitation id="3B2C357B4A698A2AADADFC571F84FC66" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3045971307" collectingDate="1961-05-01" collectingDateMax="1961-05-10" collectingDateMin="1961-05-01" collectionCode="V" county="Cochise Co." location="One" municipality="Portal" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1">
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
<location id="8E9B69FD4A698A2AACB9FC571F81FC40" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED8E304A6F8A2AACDDFE4E1F80FC66:8E9B69FD4A698A2AACB9FC571F81FC40" box="[444,494,1022,1048]" county="Cochise Co." municipality="Portal" name="One" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">One</location>
defecating larva: AZ:
<collectingCounty id="629A47AA4A698A2AAFF8FC571DFFFC40" box="[765,912,1022,1048]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cochise Co.</collectingCounty>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9FA55C4A698A2AAE9AFC571D87FC40" box="[927,1000,1022,1048]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Portal</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="FFFA19E64A698A2AAEF3FC571AECFC40" box="[1014,1155,1022,1048]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1961-05-01" valueMax="1961-05-10" valueMin="1961-05-01">
<collectingDate id="EFBEE00E4A698A2AAEF3FC571AECFC40" box="[1014,1155,1022,1048]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1961-05-01" valueMax="1961-05-10" valueMin="1961-05-01">V1-10-1961</collectingDate>
</date>
(K.
<collectionCode id="ED55A7E34A698A2AA9AAFC571AAAFC40" box="[1199,1221,1022,1048]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. Krombein) mature, C 15, cell 2
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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