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<document id="D775595D4C8905560E9D205976D34741" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9b3e7716-1099-48ca-803b-620c25d788f1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="265809" ID-ZooBank="D598E724-C9E4-4BBA-B25D-511300A47B1D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461050759050" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duellman, William E., Marion, Angela B. &amp; Hedges, Blair" docDate="2016" docId="03EA87A5FF911210F3988B80377DF242" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4104.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4104 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Acridinae" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="FFD3FFDDFFA91229F30F8D5E333EF35E" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1698579563523" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="19CE4EE2681F8EE453937E1B4C7426B2">Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF911211F3988B80322DF5A6" ID-CoL="8NKRX" box="[151,275,1758,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acridinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF911211F3988B80322DF5A6" bold="true" box="[151,275,1758,1784]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Acridinae</emphasis>
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The acridines split from the hylines in the late Eocene, 35.6 (32.838.4) Mya, followed by radiation in North
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beginning in the early Oligocene 30.3 (26.134.5) Mya. Thus, there was a second invasion of North
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from South
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by arboranans. Interestingly, there are no living relatives of North American acridines in Middle
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FF911211F2708ACF32DDF4F4" box="[383,483,1937,1962]" name="United States of America" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">America</collectingCountry>
. This North American lineage diverged into two clades in the early Miocene, 30.3 (26.134.5) Mya. One of these clades lost a pair of chromosomes to have a complement of
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF911211F79D8AEB3790F493" box="[1170,1198,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">2n</emphasis>
= 22 and became the semiaquatic
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF911211F22B8A84325DF4AF" box="[292,355,2010,2033]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Acris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Acris</taxonomicName>
.
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The timing is consistent with the Lower Miocene fossil,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF911211F0EA8A84363AF4AC" authority="Holman, 1961" authorityName="Holman" authorityYear="1961" box="[997,1284,2009,2034]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Proacris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF911211F0EA8A843778F4AF" box="[997,1094,2010,2033]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Proacris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FF911211F75A8A8737C5F4AC" author="Holman" box="[1109,1275,2009,2034]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Holman, J. A. (1961) A new hylid genus from the Lower Miocene of Florida. Copeia, 1961, 354 - 355. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1439818" type="journal article" year="1961">Holman, 1961</bibRefCitation>
)
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.
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The second clade of terrestrial frogs includes
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF901210F1D68DC93066F3EE" box="[729,856,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudacris</taxonomicName>
,
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which began to radiate (crown node) in the early Miocene, 22.5 (19.625.5) Mya. The uplift of the Rocky Mountains and
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Nevada Range with the intervening arid Great Basin in the mid-Miocene resulted in vicariance of the
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF901210F07A8D8130CFF3A6" box="[885,1009,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pseudacris</emphasis>
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clade. A closely-related clade west of the mountains,
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, began to radiate by mid-late Miocene, 11.8 (8.015.6) Mya.
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