162 lines
18 KiB
XML
162 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="103CA666FCFB622A1EEDB9A0CFB06609">A review of the finless snake eels of the genus Apterichtus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), with the description of five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="28BFB16F0E1887BDFF9FD849E72F6EE2">Hibino, Yusuke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7B2D38963482E979939F9D13705734CF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="64366A8D2396B7CEAA9AF6DEAE428C18">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E4938A88F6193443DEE8A89A10408A9F">3941</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D24013FD56FFC4FF36FAFCC038F81B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6116391" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127687782" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6116391" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D24013FD56FFC4FF36FAFCC038F81B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D24013FD56FFC4FF36FAFCC038F81B" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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<subSubSection id="C361A28EFD56FFC4FF36FAFCC38EFAF4" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC4F105FD56FFC4FF36FAFCC171FA95" blockId="5.[151,535,1311,1371]" box="[151,535,1311,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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<heading id="D08C4669FD56FFC4FF36FAFCC171FA95" bold="true" box="[151,535,1311,1338]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B8A86FD56FFC4FF36FAFCC171FA95" ID-CoL="FYGT" authority="Bohlke 1968" authorityName="Bohlke" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,535,1311,1338]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Apterichtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansp">
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<emphasis id="B90F2D17FD56FFC4FF36FAFCC171FA95" bold="true" box="[151,535,1311,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B90F2D17FD56FFC4FF36FAFCC205FA96" bold="true" box="[151,355,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Apterichtus ansp</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA8CF4FD56FFC4FED3FAC3C169FA95" author="Bohlke" box="[370,527,1312,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" refString="Bohlke, J. E. (1968) A new species of the ophichthid eel genus Verma from west Atlantic, with comments on related species. Notulae Naturae, 1 - 12. [Philadelphia]" type="book chapter" year="1968">Böhlke 1968</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC4F105FD56FFC4FF36FAA1C38EFAF4" blockId="5.[151,535,1311,1371]" box="[151,232,1346,1371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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<tableCitation id="C6F9C4BEFD56FFC4FF36FAA1C38EFAF4" box="[151,232,1346,1371]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,400,423]" captionTargetBox="[151,1159,593,1203]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Characteristics of the species of Apterichtus. Abbreviations are: MVF = mean vertebral formula; POP = preopercular pore; STP = supratemporal pore. Preanal vertebral counts of A. gracilis and A. monodi are estimates based on preanal lateral-line pores. Sources are: 1, this study; 2, Blache & Bauchot 1972; 3, McCosker et al. 1989; 4, McCosker & Randall 2005; 5, Pereira & Aguiar 1979; 6, Hibino et al. 2014; 7, Machida & Ohta 1994." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF04A18DFD56FFC4FF36FE73C701FDA8" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" tableUuid="DF04A18DFD56FFC4FF36FE73C701FDA8">Table 1</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C361A28EFD56FFC4FF36FA68C17FFA10" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC4F105FD56FFC4FF36FA68C17FFA10" blockId="5.[151,1080,1418,1471]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6BD62BFD56FFC4FF36FA68C17FFA10" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B8A86FD56FFC4FF36FA68C2CAFA0F" ID-CoL="5B3RG" authority="Bohlke 1968:3" authorityName="Bohlke" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,428,1418,1440]" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Verma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansp">
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<emphasis id="B90F2D17FD56FFC4FF36FA68C268FA0F" box="[151,270,1419,1440]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Verma ansp</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADAD714FD56FFC4FEB5FA69C2CAFA0F" author="Bohlke" box="[276,428,1418,1440]" page="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" year="1968">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA8CF4FD56FFC4FEB5FA69C2FAFA0F" author="Bohlke" box="[276,412,1418,1440]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" refString="Bohlke, J. E. (1968) A new species of the ophichthid eel genus Verma from west Atlantic, with comments on related species. Notulae Naturae, 1 - 12. [Philadelphia]" type="book chapter" year="1968">Böhlke 1968</bibRefCitation>
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:3
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1340ED80FD56FFC4FE17FA69C297FA0F" box="[438,497,1418,1440]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1325,1347]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,700,1303]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[340,1247,700,1304]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Underwater photograph of living Apterichtus hatookai, taken by J. Shibata at 7 m at Shikohu Island, Japan. Courtesy of Ichthyological Society of Japan" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288212/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54C04FA7FD56FFC4FE5EFA69C14AFA0F" box="[511,556,1418,1440]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">type</typeStatus>
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locality Nassau,
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<collectingCountry id="F36CB195FD56FFC4FD7BFA69C05FFA0F" box="[730,825,1418,1440]" name="Bahamas" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
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,
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<typeStatus id="54C04FA7FD56FFC4FCE2FA69C0FAFA0F" box="[835,924,1418,1440]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B8A86FD56FFC4FC03FA69C085FA0F" box="[930,995,1418,1440]" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Verma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansp">ANSP</taxonomicName>
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98366).
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B8A86FD56FFC4FF36FA4AC173FA10" ID-CoL="FYGT" authority="McCosker 1977:66" authorityName="McCosker" authorityPageNumber="66" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,533,1449,1471]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Apterichtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansp">
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<emphasis id="B90F2D17FD56FFC4FF36FA4AC224FA10" box="[151,322,1449,1471]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Apterichtus ansp</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADAD714FD56FFC4FEEEFA4AC173FA10" author="McCosker" box="[335,533,1449,1471]" page="66" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" year="1977">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA8CF4FD56FFC4FEEEFA4AC290FA10" author="McCosker" box="[335,502,1449,1471]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" refString="McCosker, J. E. (1977) The osteology, classification, and relationships of the eel family Ophichthidae. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 41, 1 - 123." type="journal article" year="1977">McCosker 1977</bibRefCitation>
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:66
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C361A28EFD56FFC4FF36FA0FC799F917" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC4F105FD56FFC4FF36FA0FC2A5F93A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1516,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B90F2D17FD56FFC4FF36FA0FC26CF9AA" bold="true" box="[151,266,1516,1541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. An elongate species with: tail 1.7–1.8, head 12–15, and body depth
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<quantity id="4C835CE0FD56FFC4FBD4FA0FC787F9AA" box="[1141,1249,1516,1541]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" metricValueMax="1.3462" metricValueMin="1.0922" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="in" value="48.0" valueMax="53.0" valueMin="43.0">43–53 in</quantity>
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total length; 4 preopercular pores and 5 pores in supratemporal canal; teeth conical, uniserial on jaws and vomer; 3–4 vomerine teeth; body coloration nearly uniform pale to tan, fresh specimens have a fine sprinkling of melanophores over the dorsal surface of the head and body, with pale areas behind eye and along lower jaw; and MVF 54–128, total vertebrae 123–132 (n=25).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC4F105FD56FFC4FF66F97CC799F917" blockId="5.[151,1437,1516,1973]" box="[199,1279,1695,1720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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||
<emphasis id="B90F2D17FD56FFC4FF66F97CC391F917" bold="true" box="[199,247,1695,1720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Size</emphasis>
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. The largest specimen examined is
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<quantity id="4C835CE0FD56FFC4FD26F97CC180F918" box="[647,742,1695,1720]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="415.0">415 mm</quantity>
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, sex unknown, from Cooper’s
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<collectingCountry id="F36CB195FD56FFC4FB9EF97CC7E0F917" box="[1087,1158,1695,1720]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Island</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36CB195FD56FFC4FB30F97CC79EF917" box="[1169,1272,1695,1720]" name="Bermuda" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C361A28EFD56FFC4FF66F927C00BF8AF" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BC4F105FD56FFC4FF66F927C00BF8AF" blockId="5.[151,1437,1516,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B90F2D17FD56FFC4FF66F927C23FF972" bold="true" box="[199,345,1732,1757]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Distribution</emphasis>
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. Known from
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<collectingCountry id="F36CB195FD56FFC4FDA0F927C1FEF973" box="[513,664,1732,1757]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">United States</collectingCountry>
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from the Carolinas to the Florida Keys,
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<collectingCountry id="F36CB195FD56FFC4FBC5F927C7A8F972" box="[1124,1230,1732,1757]" name="Bermuda" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36CB195FD56FFC4FB7BF927C60BF972" box="[1242,1389,1732,1757]" name="Bahamas" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
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, the Lesser Antilles, and off
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<collectingCountry id="F36CB195FD56FFC4FE05F904C28DF8AF" box="[420,491,1767,1792]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, from the shoreline to
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<quantity id="4C835CE0FD56FFC4FD49F90BC047F950" box="[744,801,1768,1792]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="38.0">38 m</quantity>
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depth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C361A28EFD56FFC4FF66F8EFC720F8C3" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC4F105FD56FFC4FF66F8EFC720F8C3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1516,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B90F2D17FD56FFC4FF66F8EFC25DF88A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1804,1829]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This treatment is primarily taken from McCosker
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<emphasis id="B90F2D17FD56FFC4FC26F8EEC0DDF88B" box="[903,955,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
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. (1989:319–321).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA8CF4FD56FFC4FB30F8EFC641F88B" author="Leiby" box="[1169,1319,1804,1829]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" refString="Leiby, M. (1982) Leptocephalus Larvae of the Tribe Sphagebranchini (Pisces, Ophichthidae) in the Western North Atlantic. Bulletin of Marine Science, 32, 220 - 236." type="journal article" year="1982">Leiby (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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||
described and illustrated the leptocephalus of
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F2D17FD56FFC4FD8EF8D3C1EAF8E7" box="[559,652,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B8A86FD56FFC4FD8EF8D3C1EFF8E7" box="[559,649,1840,1864]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Apterichtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansp">A. ansp</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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This species is most similar to
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B8A86FD56FFC4FC58F8D3C709F8E7" box="[1017,1135,1840,1864]" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophisurapus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B90F2D17FD56FFC4FC58F8D3C709F8E7" box="[1017,1135,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">A. gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the eastern Atlantic, which differs in its posterior nostril condition (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA8CF4FD56FFC4FD03F8B7C75FF8C3" author="Blache" box="[674,1081,1876,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" refString="Blache, J. & Bauchot, M. L. (1972) Contribution a la connaissance des poissons Anguilliformes de la cote occidentale d'Afrique. 13 e note: les genres Verma, Apterichthus, Ichthyapus, Hemerorhinus, Caecula, Dalophis avec la description de deux genres nouveaux (Fam. des Ophichthidae). Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire Sciences Naturelles, Series A, 34, 692 - 773." type="journal article" year="1972">Blache and Bauchot, 1972:714–717</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C361A28EFD56FFC4FF66F894C038F81B" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4F105FD56FFC4FF66F894C038F81B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1516,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F2D17FD56FFC4FF66F894C2D5F83F" bold="true" box="[199,435,1911,1936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7D3A8CFD56FFC4FE1CF89BC13CF83F" box="[445,602,1911,1936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="generic">41 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
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<quantity id="4C835CE0FD56FFC4FDC9F894C194F820" box="[616,754,1911,1936]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3649999999999998" metricValueMax="4.15" metricValueMin="0.58" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="236.5" valueMax="415.0" valueMin="58.0">58–415 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL, including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C04FA7FD56FFC4FC6FF894C756F83F" box="[974,1072,1911,1936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B8A86FD56FFC4FBE0F89BC7ECF83F" box="[1089,1162,1912,1936]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Apterichtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansp">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6A69C0FD56FFC4FBE0F89BC7ECF83F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" box="[1089,1162,1912,1936]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">ANSP</collectionCode>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<quantity id="4C835CE0FD56FFC4FB34F894C606F820" box="[1173,1376,1911,1936]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.83662225" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="9.83662225E7">98366, 222.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL). Those specimens are listed in McCosker
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F2D17FD56FFC4FDC2F87EC1F5F81B" box="[611,659,1948,1972]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1989:320–321).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |