321 lines
55 KiB
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321 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7780393" ID-ZooBank="2E4FAAEC-E13B-4A90-8631-D243565271A1" checkinTime="1680072662048" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bagaturov, Mikhail F. & Hillert, Oliver" docDate="2023" docId="03C087DC790AE64AB9ECA3CCB5F06250" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5258.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5258 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lethrus Scopoli 1777" docType="key" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="305" masterDocId="FFF9FFA4790EE64EB97BA35BB06C6529" masterDocTitle="Sinolethrus, a new subgenus of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 from China (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Lethrinae) and new synonymy of the subgenus Paralethrus Nikolajev, 2003" masterLastPageNumber="316" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="305" updateTime="1680099608061" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sinolethrus, a new subgenus of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 from China (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Lethrinae) and new synonymy of the subgenus Paralethrus Nikolajev, 2003</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bagaturov, Mikhail F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia. & Leningrad zoo, Alexandrovskiy park 1, St. Petersburg, 197198, Russia. & Athens Institute for Education and Research, Athena, Greece.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hillert, Oliver</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Kieferndamm 10, D- 15566 Schöneiche bei Berlin, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-03-29</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5258</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>301</mods:start>
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<mods:end>316</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.4</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7780393</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2E4FAAEC-E13B-4A90-8631-D243565271A1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087DC790AE64AB9ECA3CCB5F06250" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087DC790AE64AB9ECA3CCB5F06250" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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<subSubSection box="[151,1358,151,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1358,151,178]" box="[151,1358,151,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,1358,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,1358,151,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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Identification key of the subgenera of the genus
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="638ZB" ID-ENA="295530" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1777" box="[751,846,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[751,846,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Lethrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on well-developed male specimens
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="305" type="key">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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1 Dorsal surface of mandible completely flat, without any slanting, transverse carina (tc) or hornlike protrusion (mhp) (
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<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,1098,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-95@8.[177,1411,1086,1874]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 24–26 L. (Hetroplistodus) bulbocerus bulbocerus Fischer von Waldheim, 1845 (24 frontal view, 25 lateral view, 26 dorsal view); 27–29 L.(Scelolethrus) sulcatus Kraatz, 1883 (27 fronta view l, 28 lateral view, 29 dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780407/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 24–26</figureCitation>
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); fragmented distribution: SE
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<collectingCountry box="[582,717,249,271]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
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, NW
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<collectingCountry box="[773,893,249,271]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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, S
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<collectingCountry box="[923,1020,249,271]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
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, E
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<collectingCountry box="[1051,1162,249,271]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
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, S Kirgizia, SE
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<collectingCountry box="[1318,1432,249,271]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
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, W
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<collectingCountry box="[254,314,279,301]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">China</collectingCountry>
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, S
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<collectingCountry box="[343,439,279,301]" name="Mongolia" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
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, N
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<collectingCountry box="[471,528,279,301]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">China</collectingCountry>
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...............................................
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<taxonomicName authority="B. Jakovlev, 1890" authorityName="B. Jakovlev" authorityYear="1890" box="[1102,1436,278,301]" class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Heteroplistodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1102,1258,278,300]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Heteroplistodus</emphasis>
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B.
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<bibRefCitation author="Jakovlev, B. E." box="[1292,1436,279,301]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" pagination="561 - 569" refId="ref8541" refString="Jakovlev, B. E. (1890) Zametka o rode Lethrus Scop. Notiz ¸ ber Lethrus Scop. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 24, 561 - 569. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1890">Jakovlev, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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– Dorsal surface of mandibles with distinct transverse carina (tc) or hornlike protrusion (mhp) on left mandible surface, sometimes ambilateral (
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<figureCitation box="[347,452,337,359]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 9–12" captionStart-1="FIGURES 13–17" captionStart-2="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId-0="6.[151,264,1110,1134]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,264,1945,1969]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,264,966,990]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1419,191,1079]" captionTargetBox-1="[297,1291,1108,1909]" captionTargetBox-2="[292,1289,195,931]" captionTargetId-0="figure-34@6.[151,1437,181,1087]" captionTargetId-1="figure-393@7.[284,1304,1096,1922]" captionTargetId-2="figure-34@8.[284,1304,181,942]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 9–12. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 9–10 L. (Ceratodirus) karelini Gebler, 1845 (9 frontal view, 10 lateral view); 11–12 L. (Ceratodirus) cephalotes Pallas, 1771 (11 frontal view, 12 lateral view)." captionText-1="FIGURES 13–17. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 13–14, 17 L. (Sinolethrus) serpentifer Semenov & Medvedev, 1935, (13 frontal view, 14 lateral view, 17 dorsal view); 15 L. (Ceratodirus) cephalotes Pallas, 1771 (dorsal view); 16 L. (Ceratodirus) karelini Gebler, 1845 (dorsal view)." captionText-2="FIGURES 18–23. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 18–20 L. (Furcilethrus) banghaasi Reitter, 1893 (18 frontal view, 19 lateral view, 20 dorsal view); 21–23 L. (Furcilethrus) tenuidens tenuidens Reitter, 1890 (21 frontal view, 22 lateral view, 23 dorsal view)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780399" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780401" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780405" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7780399/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7780401/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7780405/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 9–23</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[461,523,337,359]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 24–29" captionStart-1="FIGURES 30–35" captionStartId-0="8.[151,264,1898,1922]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,264,999,1023]" captionTargetBox-0="[184,1403,1098,1855]" captionTargetBox-1="[190,1400,196,962]" captionTargetId-0="figure-95@8.[177,1411,1086,1874]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@9.[177,1411,181,976]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="FIGURES 24–29. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 24–26 L. (Hetroplistodus) bulbocerus bulbocerus Fischer von Waldheim, 1845 (24 frontal view, 25 lateral view, 26 dorsal view); 27–29 L.(Scelolethrus) sulcatus Kraatz, 1883 (27 fronta view l, 28 lateral view, 29 dorsal view)." captionText-1="FIGURES 30–35. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 30–32 L. (Autolethrus) tshatkalensis Protzenko, 1965 (30 frontal view, 31 lateral view, 32 dorsal view); 33–35 L. (Teratolethrus) baiocchii Hillert & Sechi, 2014 (33 frontal view, 34 lateral view)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780407" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780411" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7780407/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7780411/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">27–35</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[533,596,337,359]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 37–42" captionStart-1="FIGURES 43–48" captionStart-2="FIGURES 49–54" captionStartId-0="10.[151,264,985,1009]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,264,1811,1835]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,264,920,944]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1425,247,951]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1427,1120,1787]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1432,193,886]" captionTargetId-0="figure-59@10.[151,1436,237,962]" captionTargetId-1="figure-120@10.[151,1436,1106,1788]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,896]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 37–42. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically.37–39 L. (Lethrus) fallax Nikolajev, 1975 (37 view frontal, 38 lateral view, 39 dorsal view); 40–42 L.(Paralethrus) crassus Hillert, 2014 (40 frontal view, 41 lateral view, 42 dorsal view, after Hillert 2004)." captionText-1="FIGURES 43–48. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 43–45 L. (Paralethrus) bituberculatus macrodon Nikolajev, 1969 (43 frontal view, 44 lateral view, 45 dorsal view, after Hillert 2004); 46–48 L. (Abrognathus) tuberculifrons Ballion, 1871 (46 frontal view, 47 lateral view, 48 dorsal view)." captionText-2="FIGURES 49–54. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 49–51 L. (Mesolethrus) microbuccis Ballion, 1871 (49 frontal view, 50 lateral view, 51 dorsal view); 52–54 L. (Neolethrus) arcanus Medvedev, 1971 (52 frontal view, 53 lateral view, 54 dorsal view)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780415" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780417" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780419" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7780415/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7780417/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7780419/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">37–54</figureCitation>
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)..................................................................... 3
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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3 Dorsal surface of left mandible with more or less distinct hornlike protrusion (mhp) directed inward and backward (
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<figureCitation box="[1320,1424,367,389]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 9–12" captionStart-1="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId-0="6.[151,264,1110,1134]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,264,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1419,191,1079]" captionTargetBox-1="[297,1291,1108,1909]" captionTargetId-0="figure-34@6.[151,1437,181,1087]" captionTargetId-1="figure-393@7.[284,1304,1096,1922]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 9–12. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 9–10 L. (Ceratodirus) karelini Gebler, 1845 (9 frontal view, 10 lateral view); 11–12 L. (Ceratodirus) cephalotes Pallas, 1771 (11 frontal view, 12 lateral view)." captionText-1="FIGURES 13–17. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 13–14, 17 L. (Sinolethrus) serpentifer Semenov & Medvedev, 1935, (13 frontal view, 14 lateral view, 17 dorsal view); 15 L. (Ceratodirus) cephalotes Pallas, 1771 (dorsal view); 16 L. (Ceratodirus) karelini Gebler, 1845 (dorsal view)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780399" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780401" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7780399/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7780401/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 9–17</figureCitation>
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); mandibular appendix (ma) on left mandible well developed, on right one less developed or absent..................... 4
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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– Dorsal surface of left mandible with slanting or transverse carina (tc) of different characteristics but never hornlike directed inward and backward (
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<figureCitation box="[446,563,455,477]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,966,990]" captionTargetBox="[292,1289,195,931]" captionTargetId="figure-34@8.[284,1304,181,942]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 18–20 L. (Furcilethrus) banghaasi Reitter, 1893 (18 frontal view, 19 lateral view, 20 dorsal view); 21–23 L. (Furcilethrus) tenuidens tenuidens Reitter, 1890 (21 frontal view, 22 lateral view, 23 dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780405/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 18–23</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[573,635,455,477]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 24–29" captionStart-1="FIGURES 30–35" captionStartId-0="8.[151,264,1898,1922]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,264,999,1023]" captionTargetBox-0="[184,1403,1098,1855]" captionTargetBox-1="[190,1400,196,962]" captionTargetId-0="figure-95@8.[177,1411,1086,1874]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@9.[177,1411,181,976]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="FIGURES 24–29. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 24–26 L. (Hetroplistodus) bulbocerus bulbocerus Fischer von Waldheim, 1845 (24 frontal view, 25 lateral view, 26 dorsal view); 27–29 L.(Scelolethrus) sulcatus Kraatz, 1883 (27 fronta view l, 28 lateral view, 29 dorsal view)." captionText-1="FIGURES 30–35. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 30–32 L. (Autolethrus) tshatkalensis Protzenko, 1965 (30 frontal view, 31 lateral view, 32 dorsal view); 33–35 L. (Teratolethrus) baiocchii Hillert & Sechi, 2014 (33 frontal view, 34 lateral view)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780407" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780411" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7780407/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7780411/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">27–35</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[645,710,455,477]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 37–42" captionStart-1="FIGURES 43–48" captionStart-2="FIGURES 49–54" captionStartId-0="10.[151,264,985,1009]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,264,1811,1835]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,264,920,944]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1425,247,951]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1427,1120,1787]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1432,193,886]" captionTargetId-0="figure-59@10.[151,1436,237,962]" captionTargetId-1="figure-120@10.[151,1436,1106,1788]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,896]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 37–42. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically.37–39 L. (Lethrus) fallax Nikolajev, 1975 (37 view frontal, 38 lateral view, 39 dorsal view); 40–42 L.(Paralethrus) crassus Hillert, 2014 (40 frontal view, 41 lateral view, 42 dorsal view, after Hillert 2004)." captionText-1="FIGURES 43–48. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 43–45 L. (Paralethrus) bituberculatus macrodon Nikolajev, 1969 (43 frontal view, 44 lateral view, 45 dorsal view, after Hillert 2004); 46–48 L. (Abrognathus) tuberculifrons Ballion, 1871 (46 frontal view, 47 lateral view, 48 dorsal view)." captionText-2="FIGURES 49–54. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 49–51 L. (Mesolethrus) microbuccis Ballion, 1871 (49 frontal view, 50 lateral view, 51 dorsal view); 52–54 L. (Neolethrus) arcanus Medvedev, 1971 (52 frontal view, 53 lateral view, 54 dorsal view)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780415" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780417" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780419" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7780415/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7780417/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7780419/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">37–54</figureCitation>
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); mandibular appendix (ma) differently developed, symmetrical or one side more developed or sometimes completely absent on both sides, as in females...................................... 5
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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4 Dorsal surface of left mandible with short hornlike protrusion (mhp) at middle of length, directed to the right sideward (90°) (
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<figureCitation box="[233,387,543,565]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[297,1291,1108,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-393@7.[284,1304,1096,1922]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 13–14, 17 L. (Sinolethrus) serpentifer Semenov & Medvedev, 1935, (13 frontal view, 14 lateral view, 17 dorsal view); 15 L. (Ceratodirus) cephalotes Pallas, 1771 (dorsal view); 16 L. (Ceratodirus) karelini Gebler, 1845 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780401/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 13–14, 17</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[398,425,543,565]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–58" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1556,1580]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,1061,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-78@11.[154,1434,1040,1532]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 55–58. Labels, apical spurs and head of males of Lethrus species, schematically. 55 apical spur of front tibia of L. (Sinolethrus) serpentifer Semenov & Medvedev, 1935; 56 apical spur of front tibia of L. (Ceratodirus) karelini Gebler, 1845; 57 label of syntype of L. serpentifer; 58 label of lectotype of L. mediocris." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780421/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">58</figureCitation>
|
||
); right mandible without any apophysis or carina on surface of mandible; mandibular appendix (ma) on left mandible subparallel with mandibular outline; apex of left mandible on lower side without apophysis; right mandible without appendix (ma); apical spur of front tibia without subbasal elevation (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[973,1046,601,623]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–58" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1556,1580]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,1061,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-78@11.[154,1434,1040,1532]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 55–58. Labels, apical spurs and head of males of Lethrus species, schematically. 55 apical spur of front tibia of L. (Sinolethrus) serpentifer Semenov & Medvedev, 1935; 56 apical spur of front tibia of L. (Ceratodirus) karelini Gebler, 1845; 57 label of syntype of L. serpentifer; 58 label of lectotype of L. mediocris." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780421/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
|
||
); mandibles shorter than head (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1351,1432,601,623]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[297,1291,1108,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-393@7.[284,1304,1096,1922]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 13–14, 17 L. (Sinolethrus) serpentifer Semenov & Medvedev, 1935, (13 frontal view, 14 lateral view, 17 dorsal view); 15 L. (Ceratodirus) cephalotes Pallas, 1771 (dorsal view); 16 L. (Ceratodirus) karelini Gebler, 1845 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780401/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[226,253,631,653]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–58" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1556,1580]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,1061,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-78@11.[154,1434,1040,1532]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 55–58. Labels, apical spurs and head of males of Lethrus species, schematically. 55 apical spur of front tibia of L. (Sinolethrus) serpentifer Semenov & Medvedev, 1935; 56 apical spur of front tibia of L. (Ceratodirus) karelini Gebler, 1845; 57 label of syntype of L. serpentifer; 58 label of lectotype of L. mediocris." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780421/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">58</figureCitation>
|
||
); mentum strongly convex in side aspect (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[658,765,631,653]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–65" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[201,1392,189,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-34@12.[195,1392,181,1600]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 59–65. Lethrus (Sinolethrus) serpentifer Semenov & Medvedev, 1935 (Huang He, China). 59 male dorsal view; 60 male ventral view; 61 female dorsal view; 62 male, lateral view, right; 63 male, lateral view, left; 64 male, frontal view; 65 head with mentum of male, schematically." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780423/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 61, 64</figureCitation>
|
||
); parameron longer (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[966,1059,631,653]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[166,1429,751,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-229@2.[151,1436,734,1841]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Aedeagus, schematically. 1–2 L. (Ceratodirus) dostojewskii Semenov, 1899 (1 lateral view, 2 dorsal view); 3–4 L. (Sinolethrus) serpentifer Semenov & Medvedev, 1935 (3 lateral view, 4 dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780395/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
); distributed in NC
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1250,1307,631,653]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1320,1392,631,653]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–65" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[201,1392,189,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-34@12.[195,1392,181,1600]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 59–65. Lethrus (Sinolethrus) serpentifer Semenov & Medvedev, 1935 (Huang He, China). 59 male dorsal view; 60 male ventral view; 61 female dorsal view; 62 male, lateral view, right; 63 male, lateral view, left; 64 male, frontal view; 65 head with mentum of male, schematically." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780423/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
|
||
)...............................................................
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[954,1436,660,682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[954,1069,660,682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Sinolethrus</emphasis>
|
||
Bagaturov & Hillert,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1294,1436,660,681]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" rank="subGenus">new subgenus</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
– Dorsal surface of left mandible with more elongate hornlike protrusion (mhp) in middle of length of mandible, directed to the right sideward and backward (45°) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[571,689,719,741]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[297,1291,1108,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-393@7.[284,1304,1096,1922]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 13–14, 17 L. (Sinolethrus) serpentifer Semenov & Medvedev, 1935, (13 frontal view, 14 lateral view, 17 dorsal view); 15 L. (Ceratodirus) cephalotes Pallas, 1771 (dorsal view); 16 L. (Ceratodirus) karelini Gebler, 1845 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780401/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 15–16</figureCitation>
|
||
); right mandible with distinct mandibular protrusion (mp) on surface reaching to lateral mandibular outline (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[516,623,748,770]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1110,1134]" captionTargetBox="[163,1419,191,1079]" captionTargetId="figure-34@6.[151,1437,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 9–10 L. (Ceratodirus) karelini Gebler, 1845 (9 frontal view, 10 lateral view); 11–12 L. (Ceratodirus) cephalotes Pallas, 1771 (11 frontal view, 12 lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780399/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 9–12</figureCitation>
|
||
); mandibular appendix (ma) on left mandible more or less parallel with mandibular outline approximately (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[453,574,777,799]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1110,1134]" captionTargetBox="[163,1419,191,1079]" captionTargetId="figure-34@6.[151,1437,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 9–10 L. (Ceratodirus) karelini Gebler, 1845 (9 frontal view, 10 lateral view); 11–12 L. (Ceratodirus) cephalotes Pallas, 1771 (11 frontal view, 12 lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780399/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 10, 12</figureCitation>
|
||
); subapical tooth (sat) on lower side of left mandible well developed (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1264,1371,777,799]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1110,1134]" captionTargetBox="[163,1419,191,1079]" captionTargetId="figure-34@6.[151,1437,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 9–10 L. (Ceratodirus) karelini Gebler, 1845 (9 frontal view, 10 lateral view); 11–12 L. (Ceratodirus) cephalotes Pallas, 1771 (11 frontal view, 12 lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780399/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 9, 11</figureCitation>
|
||
); right mandibular appendix (ma) more or less developed but noticeable shorter than left one; apical spur of front tibia with subbasal elevation (fig. 56); mandibles more long than head; mentum not convex, flat in side aspect; parameron shorter (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1322,1424,836,858]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[166,1429,751,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-229@2.[151,1436,734,1841]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Aedeagus, schematically. 1–2 L. (Ceratodirus) dostojewskii Semenov, 1899 (1 lateral view, 2 dorsal view); 3–4 L. (Sinolethrus) serpentifer Semenov & Medvedev, 1935 (3 lateral view, 4 dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780395/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 1– 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); distributed in S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[379,493,865,887]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, NW
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[548,659,865,887]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, N
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[691,801,866,887]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[868,932,865,887]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.......
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer von Waldheim" authorityYear="1845" box="[1037,1154,865,887]" class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Ceratodirus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1037,1154,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Ceratodirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer von Waldheim, G." box="[1160,1436,865,887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" pagination="337 - 342" refId="ref8330" refString="Fischer von Waldheim, G. (1845) Additamentum a Crar. auctore desideratum. Fr. Gebler: Generis Lethri species Rossicae descripta. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 18 (2), 337 - 342." type="journal article" year="1845">Fischer von Waldheim, 1845</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
5 Profemur armed on frontal edge with keels or apical apopyhses; mandibular appendix (ma) more or less symmetrical, if asymmetrical then right one more developed (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[671,790,924,946]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[184,1403,1098,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-95@8.[177,1411,1086,1874]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 24–26 L. (Hetroplistodus) bulbocerus bulbocerus Fischer von Waldheim, 1845 (24 frontal view, 25 lateral view, 26 dorsal view); 27–29 L.(Scelolethrus) sulcatus Kraatz, 1883 (27 fronta view l, 28 lateral view, 29 dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780407/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 27–29</figureCitation>
|
||
); fragmented distribution: S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1067,1202,924,946]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, NE
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1251,1292,925,946]" name="Iran" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1322,1433,924,946]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, W
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[254,351,953,975]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, N
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[382,502,953,975]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[531,642,953,975]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[670,760,953,975]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Kirghizia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.................................
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1160,1283,953,975]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Scelolethrus</emphasis>
|
||
Semenov, 1832
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" box="[151,1436,983,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">– Profemur unarmed on frontal edge........................................................................ 6</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
6 Metafemur of male with distinct concavity on rear edge (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[792,865,1012,1034]" captionStart="FIGURES 36" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1549,1573]" captionTargetBox="[173,1410,1149,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-77@9.[151,1436,1120,1526]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 36. Metafemur of Lethrus (Teratolethrus) baiocchii Hillert & Sechi, 2014 after Hillert & Sechi 2014)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780413" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780413/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
); mandibular appendix (ma) distinct asymmetrically, right appendix more developed; distributed in W
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[647,779,1041,1063]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and NE
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[864,906,1042,1063]" name="Iran" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
....................
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1150,1282,1041,1063]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Teratolethrus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Semenov, A. P." box="[1288,1436,1042,1063]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" pagination="475 - 525" refId="ref9620" refString="Semenov, A. P. (1894) Fragmenta monographiae generis Lethrus Scop. Trudy Russkogo Entomologicheskogo Obshchestva, 28, 475 - 525. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1894">Semenov, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">– Metafemur of male without concavity on rear edge, without keels or apical apophyses at middle of length, plain or only weakly transverse keel-like ridge developed...................................................................... 7</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
7 Both mandibles without appendices (ma), as in females. Transverse carina (tc) on dorsal surface of apex of left mandible reaching to lateral mandibular outline, clearly delimited (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[797,919,1159,1181]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,1120,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-120@10.[151,1436,1106,1788]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 43–45 L. (Paralethrus) bituberculatus macrodon Nikolajev, 1969 (43 frontal view, 44 lateral view, 45 dorsal view, after Hillert 2004); 46–48 L. (Abrognathus) tuberculifrons Ballion, 1871 (46 frontal view, 47 lateral view, 48 dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780417/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 46–48</figureCitation>
|
||
); distributed in S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1102,1216,1159,1181]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, E
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1253,1361,1159,1181]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and W Kirgizstan.....................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Jakovlev, 1890" authorityName="Jakovlev" authorityYear="1890" box="[1157,1436,1188,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Abrognathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1157,1286,1188,1210]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Abrognathus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jakovlev, B. E." box="[1292,1436,1188,1210]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" pagination="561 - 569" refId="ref8541" refString="Jakovlev, B. E. (1890) Zametka o rode Lethrus Scop. Notiz ¸ ber Lethrus Scop. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 24, 561 - 569. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1890">Jakovlev, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
– Both mandibles with or without appendices (ma). If mandibles without appendices, transverse carina (tc) on dorsal surface of apex of left mandible not reaching to mandibular outline, surface between apex of mandibles and transverse carina (tc) never clearly delimited (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[401,519,1276,1298]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–54" captionStartId="11.[151,264,920,944]" captionTargetBox="[159,1432,193,886]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,896]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 49–54. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 49–51 L. (Mesolethrus) microbuccis Ballion, 1871 (49 frontal view, 50 lateral view, 51 dorsal view); 52–54 L. (Neolethrus) arcanus Medvedev, 1971 (52 frontal view, 53 lateral view, 54 dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780419/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 49–51</figureCitation>
|
||
)........................................................................... 8
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
8 Mandibular appendices (ma) blade-shaped, strongly symmetrical and projecting laterally in dorsal aspect, transverse carina (tc) on dorsal surface of apex of left mandible reaching to lateral mandibular outline (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1075,1195,1335,1357]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–54" captionStartId="11.[151,264,920,944]" captionTargetBox="[159,1432,193,886]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,896]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 49–54. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 49–51 L. (Mesolethrus) microbuccis Ballion, 1871 (49 frontal view, 50 lateral view, 51 dorsal view); 52–54 L. (Neolethrus) arcanus Medvedev, 1971 (52 frontal view, 53 lateral view, 54 dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780419/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 52–54</figureCitation>
|
||
); probably distributed in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[226,358,1364,1386]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Turkmenbashi distr.)..................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Nikolajev, 1987" authorityName="Nikolajev" authorityYear="1987" box="[1168,1436,1364,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Neolethrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1168,1277,1364,1386]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Neolethrus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[1283,1436,1364,1386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" refId="ref9094" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. (1987) Plastinchatousye zhuki (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidae) Kazakhstana i Sredney Azii [Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of Kazakhstan and Middle Asia]. Izdatelstvo Nauka KazSSR, Alma-Ata, 232 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1987">Nikolajev, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">– Mandibular appendices (ma) different shaped, transverse carina (tc) on dorsal surface of apex of left mandible never reaching to lateral mandibular outline............................................................................. 9</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
9 Mandibular appendices (ma) distinctly asymmetric, left one mostly S-shaped, directed forward and downward (exceptional
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Medvedev, 1957" authorityName="Medvedev" authorityYear="1957" box="[226,498,1481,1503]" class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antovae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[226,328,1482,1503]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">L. antovae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Medvedev, S. I." box="[336,498,1481,1503]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" pagination="695 - 698" refId="ref8943" refString="Medvedev, S. I. (1957) Novyy vid kravchika (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) iz Tadzhikistana. Neue Lethrus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) aus Tadzhikistan. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 36 (3), 695 - 698. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1957">Medvedev, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both mandibles S-shaped in frontal aspect, symmetrical), left appendix distinctly more strongly developed and more elongate (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[521,639,1511,1533]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,966,990]" captionTargetBox="[292,1289,195,931]" captionTargetId="figure-34@8.[284,1304,181,942]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 18–20 L. (Furcilethrus) banghaasi Reitter, 1893 (18 frontal view, 19 lateral view, 20 dorsal view); 21–23 L. (Furcilethrus) tenuidens tenuidens Reitter, 1890 (21 frontal view, 22 lateral view, 23 dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780405/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 18–23</figureCitation>
|
||
); distributed in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[789,883,1511,1533]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Ghissar-Darwaz Mts.) and S Kirgizia...........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Nikolajev, 1968" authorityName="Nikolajev" authorityYear="1968" box="[1152,1436,1540,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Furcilethrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1152,1277,1540,1562]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Furcilethrus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[1283,1436,1540,1562]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" pagination="528 - 540" refId="ref9198" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. (1968) Reviziya podroda Ceratodirus Fisch. - W. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Revision of the subgenus Ceratodirus Fisch. - W. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 47 (3), 528 - 540. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1968">Nikolajev, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">– Mandibular appendices not distinctly asymmetric; left one not mostly S-shaped and not distinctly more developed than right one............................................................................................... 10</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
10 Apex of parameres straight acuminate apically and distinct flattened in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1059,1144,1628,1650]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1255,1279]" captionTargetBox="[156,1420,193,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1231]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–8. Aedeagus, schematically. 5 L. (Lethrus) ares Král, Rejsek & Schneider, 2001 (lateral view); 6 L. (Paralethrus) bituberculatus macrodon Nikolajev, 1969 (lateral view); 7 L. (Mesolethrus) inermis Reitter, 1897 (dorsal view); 8 L. (M.) elisae Nikolajev, 2001 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780397/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 6, 8</figureCitation>
|
||
); distributed in S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1324,1436,1628,1650]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(western Tien Shan Mts.), NW Kirgizia and E
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[672,783,1657,1679]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.............................. ..
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Nikolajev, 2003" authorityName="Nikolajev" authorityYear="2003" box="[1160,1436,1657,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Paralethrus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1160,1277,1657,1679]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Paralethrus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[1283,1436,1657,1679]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" refId="ref9139" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. (2003) Zhuki-kravchiki (Scarabaeidae, Geotrupinae, Lethrini): biologiya, sistematika, rasprostranenie, opredelitel. [Eath-boring dung beetles (Scarabaeidae, Geotrupinae, Lethrini): biology, systematic, distribution, identification]. Kazak Univerziteti, Almaty, 254 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2003">Nikolajev, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
– Apex of parameres acuminate or broadly rounded in dorsal aspect (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[885,978,1687,1709]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1255,1279]" captionTargetBox="[156,1420,193,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1231]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–8. Aedeagus, schematically. 5 L. (Lethrus) ares Král, Rejsek & Schneider, 2001 (lateral view); 6 L. (Paralethrus) bituberculatus macrodon Nikolajev, 1969 (lateral view); 7 L. (Mesolethrus) inermis Reitter, 1897 (dorsal view); 8 L. (M.) elisae Nikolajev, 2001 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780397/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 7–8</figureCitation>
|
||
) but not flattened apically in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 5–8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1255,1279]" captionTargetBox="[156,1420,193,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1231]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–8. Aedeagus, schematically. 5 L. (Lethrus) ares Král, Rejsek & Schneider, 2001 (lateral view); 6 L. (Paralethrus) bituberculatus macrodon Nikolajev, 1969 (lateral view); 7 L. (Mesolethrus) inermis Reitter, 1897 (dorsal view); 8 L. (M.) elisae Nikolajev, 2001 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780397/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
)................................................................................................. 11
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
11 Both mandibles without appendices (ma), as in females (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[781,901,1745,1767]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–54" captionStartId="11.[151,264,920,944]" captionTargetBox="[159,1432,193,886]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,896]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 49–54. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 49–51 L. (Mesolethrus) microbuccis Ballion, 1871 (49 frontal view, 50 lateral view, 51 dorsal view); 52–54 L. (Neolethrus) arcanus Medvedev, 1971 (52 frontal view, 53 lateral view, 54 dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780419/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 49–51</figureCitation>
|
||
); distributed in S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1076,1184,1745,1767]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(West of Ghissar-Darwaz Mts.), NW
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[334,431,1775,1797]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, W Kirgizia, S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[578,693,1775,1797]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Nikolajev, 2003" authorityName="Nikolajev" authorityYear="2003" box="[1154,1436,1774,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Mesolethrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1154,1277,1774,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Mesolethrus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[1283,1436,1775,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" refId="ref9139" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. (2003) Zhuki-kravchiki (Scarabaeidae, Geotrupinae, Lethrini): biologiya, sistematika, rasprostranenie, opredelitel. [Eath-boring dung beetles (Scarabaeidae, Geotrupinae, Lethrini): biology, systematic, distribution, identification]. Kazak Univerziteti, Almaty, 254 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2003">Nikolajev, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" box="[151,1436,1804,1826]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
– Both mandibles with distinct appendices, often nearly symmetric (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[863,980,1804,1826]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–35" captionStartId="9.[151,264,999,1023]" captionTargetBox="[190,1400,196,962]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[177,1411,181,976]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 30–35. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 30–32 L. (Autolethrus) tshatkalensis Protzenko, 1965 (30 frontal view, 31 lateral view, 32 dorsal view); 33–35 L. (Teratolethrus) baiocchii Hillert & Sechi, 2014 (33 frontal view, 34 lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780411/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figs. 30–32</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[989,1053,1804,1825]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–42" captionStartId="10.[151,264,985,1009]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,247,951]" captionTargetId="figure-59@10.[151,1436,237,962]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 37–42. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically.37–39 L. (Lethrus) fallax Nikolajev, 1975 (37 view frontal, 38 lateral view, 39 dorsal view); 40–42 L.(Paralethrus) crassus Hillert, 2014 (40 frontal view, 41 lateral view, 42 dorsal view, after Hillert 2004)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7780415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7780415/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">37–39</figureCitation>
|
||
)............................. 12
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" box="[151,1436,1833,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
12 Distributed from banks of River Don (
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[594,661,1833,1855]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) to SE Europe (Balkans) and W
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[974,1044,1833,1855]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
..............
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Scopoli, 1777)" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[1204,1436,1833,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1204,1281,1833,1855]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Lethrus</emphasis>
|
||
(Scopoli, 1777)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,220,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
– Distributed in S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[391,505,1863,1885]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, W Kirgizia, N
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[666,760,1863,1885]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
S and SE
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[870,981,1863,1885]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Central and N
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1140,1237,1863,1885]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, E
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1272,1407,1863,1885]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, N
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[226,347,1892,1914]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.....................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1165,1282,1892,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Autolethrus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1165,1282,1892,1914]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Autolethrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Semenov, A. P." box="[1288,1436,1892,1913]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" pagination="232 - 244" refId="ref9580" refString="Semenov, A. P. (1892) Note sur la subdivision du genre Lethrus Scop. et description de deux especes nouvelles. Trudy Russkogo Entomologicheskogo Obshchestva, 26, 232 - 244. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1892">Semenov, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |