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<document id="BB46B0D4A22A392CD6ECE5E0F4741A90" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.187789" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6593e89a-9c63-4584-9a5f-f70993e32d31" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="187789" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461074088346" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2009" docId="03C087B0AE6AFFE0FF1FFF24D966F85C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02107p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2107" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Forcepia (Forcepia) minima Van, 2009, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFF9FFC8AE7DFFF7FF88FFB3D87CFF96" masterDocTitle="New sciophilous sponges from the Caribbean (Porifera: Demospongiae)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698585844262" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="3487C37FDEBAEE84B84EF13D27F93710" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="82D645D84D93C859ACB3DA716141C15E">
<mods:title id="75D150700F1BA61C1BAAB39C1B4F1047">New sciophilous sponges from the Caribbean (Porifera: Demospongiae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="D04DEFA6EE042D704E9E666E75845B6D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="093F7502582BB3C3A89F26E9CA0ACBC1">
<mods:roleTerm id="64E5A3FC5B0DADEB211C1B494ABE7253">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1967BF1AC4047A7D7D606A054E82534C">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="AD4E748C91D37FCCB3D43D339A14DB23">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="6185AB965A3602CC7B5530D178AC045C" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="43C93E802364D03348260FA7EA1A2C69">
<mods:title id="79B0BEE176D0CDAADF4DB8E38527167C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="6FB87C611F9ACCEB385C8689EE60E35D">
<mods:date id="DB01286C1C6786FA9CF5935DEC9BD592">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E7A09B5BC99F7A07D497CCF235DE916F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="80B372082E458082B275D4E8086D28E1">2107</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="5AA274EDA2F55C7C8A68529F8532AB03" unit="page">
<mods:start id="4B33FC24BF9E1E68E9467CD689C21FCF">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="8663CDFA9A1F42BF6C22510379ADD07F">40</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="8A2447F0E4DB9E35B9422464FFDF7D6F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DE70FC4069D7B46C6CDCF8FE523DAA92" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.187789</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="525D5066B405E15C42DA4725EAD17BCE" type="GBIF-Dataset">6593e89a-9c63-4584-9a5f-f70993e32d31</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0A10132B75D9D1E7E62EBA34FB1FB2CB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="84D073346132243E958FB58B1779400C" type="Zenodo-Dep">187789</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03C087B0AE6AFFE0FF1FFF24D966F85C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6221864" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119617463" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6221864" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087B0AE6AFFE0FF1FFF24D966F85C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087B0AE6AFFE0FF1FFF24D966F85C" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<subSubSection id="C373652DAE6AFFE0FF1FFF24D95BFF42" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6AFFE0FF1FFF24DA45FF27" blockId="23.[151,569,151,212]" box="[151,569,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<heading id="D09E81CAAE6AFFE0FF1FFF24DA45FF27" bold="true" box="[151,569,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FF1FFF24DA45FF27" bold="true" box="[151,569,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FF1FFF24D98CFF27" ID-CoL="6JDDH" box="[151,496,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minima" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Forcepia">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FF1FFF24D98CFF27" bold="true" box="[151,496,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Forcepia (Forcepia) minima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57CFAE6AFFE0FE7FFF24DA45FF27" box="[503,569,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6AFFE0FF1FFF09D95BFF42" blockId="23.[151,569,151,212]" box="[151,295,186,212]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
(
<figureCitation id="13522A23AE6AFFE0FF17FF09D894FF42" box="[159,232,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="24.[151,255,1370,1394]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,197,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,197,1345]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 9. Forcepia (Forcepia) minima n. sp., SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 20880). A – B. Tylote and detail of one of the apices; C. Diversity of arcuate isochelae; D – E. Spined and smooth larger forceps category; F. Small forcipes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187798/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 9</figureCitation>
A–F)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C373652DAE6AFFE0FF1FFEB4DC42FDE8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6AFFE0FF1FFEB4DA7BFEDE" blockId="23.[151,1437,263,1994]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE6AFFE0FF1FFEB4D975FEB7" box="[151,265,263,289]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FF1FFEB4D975FEB7" bold="true" box="[151,265,263,289]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
.
<collectionCode id="ED78AE63AE6AFFE0FE9FFEBBD924FEB4" box="[279,344,264,290]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 20880,
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6AFFE0FE66FEBBDA9EFEB4" box="[494,738,264,290]" name="Curaçao" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Netherlands Antilles</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6AFFE0FD66FEBBDB2FFEB4" box="[750,851,264,290]" name="Curaçao" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
, Avila Beach,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6AFFE0FC75FEBBDC12FEB4" box="[1021,1134,264,290]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="55" value="12.098">12.098°N</geoCoordinate>
-
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6AFFE0FBF5FEBBDC8BFEB4" box="[1149,1271,264,290]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="55" value="-68.926">68.926°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C919B43AE6AFFE0FA8BFEBBDD3EFEB4" box="[1283,1346,264,290]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFD71066AE6AFFE0FAC6FEBBD8A8FEDE" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1991-10-03">03-10- 1991</date>
, coll. M. Kielman #S 111.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6AFFE0FF4DFEE6DA46FE75" blockId="23.[151,1437,263,1994]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE6AFFE0FF4DFEE6D939FEF9" box="[197,325,341,367]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FF4DFEE6D939FEF9" bold="true" box="[197,325,341,367]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
.
<collectionCode id="ED78AE63AE6AFFE0FEDDFEE6D9EBFEF9" box="[341,407,341,367]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 12715,
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6AFFE0FDBAFEE6DAE8FEF9" box="[562,660,341,367]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
, Punt Vierkant,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6AFFE0FCDFFEE6DBB6FEF9" box="[855,970,341,367]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="55" value="12.116">12.116°N</geoCoordinate>
-
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6AFFE0FC53FEE6DC24FEF9" box="[987,1112,341,367]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="55" value="-68.295">68.295°W</geoCoordinate>
, under rubble,
<quantity id="4C919B43AE6AFFE0FA85FEE6DD43FEF9" box="[1293,1343,341,367]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFD71066AE6AFFE0FAC4FEE6D8AAFE00" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1987-08-04">04-08- 1987</date>
, coll. G.J. Roebers # 183;
<collectionCode id="ED78AE63AE6AFFE0FD9DFECFDA2BFE00" box="[533,599,380,406]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 20882,
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6AFFE0FD7BFECFDB8CFE00" box="[755,1008,380,406]" name="Curaçao" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Netherlands Antilles</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6AFFE0FC74FECFDC1FFE00" box="[1020,1123,380,406]" name="Curaçao" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
, SeaQuarium,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6AFFE0FA9EFECFDDF6FE00" box="[1302,1418,380,406]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="55" value="12.081">12.081°N</geoCoordinate>
-
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6AFFE0FF1FFE11D962FE2A" box="[151,286,418,444]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="5" value="-68.8919">68.8919°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C919B43AE6AFFE0FEA1FE11D91BFE2A" box="[297,359,418,444]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
, 1991, coll. M. Kielman #S 54;
<collectionCode id="ED78AE63AE6AFFE0FD6CFE11DB59FE2A" box="[740,805,418,444]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 20883, same locality as previous
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE6AFFE0FB6EFE11DD32FE2A" box="[1254,1358,418,444]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
,
<quantity id="4C919B43AE6AFFE0FAD1FE11DDE4FE2A" box="[1369,1432,418,444]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFD71066AE6AFFE0FF1FFE7AD968FE75" box="[151,276,457,483]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1991-09-24">24-9-1991</date>
, coll. M. Kielman #S 62.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6AFFE0FF4DFE5CDC42FDE8" blockId="23.[151,1437,263,1994]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FF4DFE5CD9C1FD9F" bold="true" box="[197,445,495,521]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Additonal material</emphasis>
(not belonging to the
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE6AFFE0FD58FE43DB79FD9C" box="[720,773,496,522]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
series).
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6AFFE0FCE6FE43DBABFD9C" box="[878,983,496,522]" name="Curaçao" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
, Playa Hundu,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6AFFE0FB1BFE43DD74FD9C" box="[1171,1288,496,522]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="55" value="12.258">12.258°N</geoCoordinate>
-
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6AFFE0FA91FE43DDEBFD9C" box="[1305,1431,496,522]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="55" value="-69.127">69.127°W</geoCoordinate>
, under rubble,
<quantity id="4C919B43AE6AFFE0FEC9FDA5D90FFDA6" box="[321,371,534,560]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
, 1989, coll. E. Meesters &amp; P. Willemsen # H26C13;
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6AFFE0FC7FFDA5DC23FDA6" box="[1015,1119,534,560]" name="Curaçao" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
, Cornelisbaai,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6AFFE0FA9DFDA5DDF6FDA6" box="[1301,1418,534,560]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="55" value="12.084">12.084°N</geoCoordinate>
-
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6AFFE0FF1FFD8ED973FDC1" box="[151,271,573,599]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="55" value="-68.897">68.897°W</geoCoordinate>
, under rubble,
<quantity id="4C919B43AE6AFFE0FE48FD8EDA7BFDC1" box="[448,519,573,599]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="3.5">3.5 m</quantity>
, 1989, coll. E. Meesters &amp; P. Willemsen # C23-9;
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6AFFE0FBD4FD8EDCBDFDC1" box="[1116,1217,573,599]" name="Curaçao" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
, Kaap Malmeeuw,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6AFFE0FF1FFDD7D974FDE8" box="[151,264,612,638]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="55" value="12.137">12.137°N</geoCoordinate>
-
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6AFFE0FE9FFDD7D9EDFDE8" box="[279,401,612,638]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="55" value="-68.999">68.999°W</geoCoordinate>
, under rubble,
<quantity id="4C919B43AE6AFFE0FDC8FDD7DAD7FDE8" box="[576,683,612,638]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="14.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="12.0">12–16 m</quantity>
, 12-1980, coll. R.W.M. van Soest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C373652DAE6AFFE0FF4DFD3EDD54FAC9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6AFFE0FF4DFD3EDA76FC8D" blockId="23.[151,1437,263,1994]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FF4DFD3ED92AFD31" bold="true" box="[197,342,653,679]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description</emphasis>
. Tiny hollow encrustations of approx.
<quantity id="4C919B43AE6AFFE0FCA8FD3EDBE4FD31" box="[800,920,653,679]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
thickness and maximum of
<quantity id="4C919B43AE6AFFE0FB6EFD3EDD5DFD31" box="[1254,1313,653,679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
<quantity id="4C919B43AE6AFFE0FAA9FD39DD34FD31" box="[1313,1352,650,679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
widest expansion, with one (
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE6AFFE0FE14FD07DA76FD58" box="[412,522,692,718]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) or up to three fistules of
<quantity id="4C919B43AE6AFFE0FCC3FD07DBECFD58" box="[843,912,692,718]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
diameter and
<quantity id="4C919B43AE6AFFE0FBB7FD07DCD8FD58" box="[1087,1188,692,718]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
high. Consolidating coarse sediment under coral rubble and occupying depressions in the coral rubble. Color pale brown or pale orange, which keeps in alcohol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6AFFE0FF4DFC9BD903FC19" blockId="23.[151,1437,263,1994]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FF4DFC9BD94DFCD4" bold="true" box="[197,305,808,834]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Skeleton</emphasis>
. Thick irregularly connected bundles of spicules, 50–60 µm in diameter traverse the bladder-like main body, and these fan out at the surface where they get dispersed tangentially, forming an irregular ectosomal skeleton.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6AFFE0FF4DFC28DA04FC20" blockId="23.[151,1437,263,1994]" box="[197,632,923,950]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FF4DFC28D957FC23" bold="true" box="[197,299,923,949]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Spicules</emphasis>
. Tylotes, isochelae, forceps.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6AFFE0FF4DFC71DB39FB95" blockId="23.[151,1437,263,1994]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Tylotes (
<figureCitation id="13522A23AE6AFFE0FEA4FC71D90BFC4A" box="[300,375,962,988]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="24.[151,255,1370,1394]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,197,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,197,1345]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 9. Forcepia (Forcepia) minima n. sp., SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 20880). A – B. Tylote and detail of one of the apices; C. Diversity of arcuate isochelae; D – E. Spined and smooth larger forceps category; F. Small forcipes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187798/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 9</figureCitation>
A–B), smooth, curved, with elongate but prominent tyles, which have a characteristically visible elongate axial lumen, 258-
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FDADFC5ADA1BFB94" box="[549,615,1001,1026]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">292.9</emphasis>
-345
<date id="FFD71066AE6AFFE0FD2CFC5ADAB5FB95" box="[676,713,1001,1027]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">x 5</date>
-
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FD5AFC5ADA8BFB94" box="[722,759,1001,1026]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">5.7</emphasis>
-7 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6AFFE0FF4DFBA3D954FBC7" blockId="23.[151,1437,263,1994]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Arcuate isochelae (
<figureCitation id="13522A23AE6AFFE0FE21FBA3D98CFBBC" box="[425,496,1040,1066]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="24.[151,255,1370,1394]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,197,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,197,1345]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 9. Forcepia (Forcepia) minima n. sp., SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 20880). A – B. Tylote and detail of one of the apices; C. Diversity of arcuate isochelae; D – E. Spined and smooth larger forceps category; F. Small forcipes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187798/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
C) with short broad alae, which occasionally show incipient polydentation, 15-
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FF1FFB84D8B6FBC6" box="[151,202,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">22.3</emphasis>
-24 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6AFFE0FF4DFBEEDC0FFAAF" blockId="23.[151,1437,263,1994]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Forcipes (
<figureCitation id="13522A23AE6AFFE0FEB1FBEED9FEFBE1" box="[313,386,1117,1143]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="24.[151,255,1370,1394]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,197,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,197,1345]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 9. Forcepia (Forcepia) minima n. sp., SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 20880). A – B. Tylote and detail of one of the apices; C. Diversity of arcuate isochelae; D – E. Spined and smooth larger forceps category; F. Small forcipes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187798/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 9</figureCitation>
D–F) of varied shape, divisible in two size categories, and each occurring in a heavily or a more lightly spined form, with or without teethed apices: (1) larger heavily spined forcipes, 54-
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FA98FB37DD38FB0B" box="[1296,1348,1156,1181]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">68.5</emphasis>
-91 µm (widest expansion of legs 20–22 µm), teethed apices; (2) larger faintly spined forcipes, without teethed apices, are in a similar size range and are interpreted as growth stages (
<figureCitation id="13522A23AE6AFFE0FC04FB62DBAAFB7D" box="[908,982,1233,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="24.[151,255,1370,1394]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,197,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,197,1345]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 9. Forcepia (Forcepia) minima n. sp., SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 20880). A – B. Tylote and detail of one of the apices; C. Diversity of arcuate isochelae; D – E. Spined and smooth larger forceps category; F. Small forcipes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187798/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 9</figureCitation>
D–E); (3) smaller spined forcipes, 27-
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FF1FFB4BD8B7FA87" box="[151,203,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">39.5</emphasis>
-
<quantity id="4C919B43AE6AFFE0FF5BFB4BD955FA84" box="[211,297,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="48.0">48 mm</quantity>
(widest expansion of legs 10–27 µm), teethed apices; (4) smaller less spined forcipes, without teethed apices have similar size range and are interpreted as growth stages (
<figureCitation id="13522A23AE6AFFE0FB84FAACDC2FFAAF" box="[1036,1107,1311,1337]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="24.[151,255,1370,1394]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,197,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,197,1345]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 9. Forcepia (Forcepia) minima n. sp., SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 20880). A – B. Tylote and detail of one of the apices; C. Diversity of arcuate isochelae; D – E. Spined and smooth larger forceps category; F. Small forcipes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187798/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6AFFE0FF4DFAF6DD54FAC9" blockId="23.[151,1437,263,1994]" box="[197,1320,1349,1375]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FF4DFAF6D95AFAC9" bold="true" box="[197,294,1349,1375]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ecology</emphasis>
. Subrubble habitat at shallow and reef crevices at intermediate depths, range
<quantity id="4C919B43AE6AFFE0FB3AFAF6DD58FAC9" box="[1202,1316,1349,1375]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.425" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.35" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="14.25" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="3.5">
3.5–
<specimenCount id="9D6FFD2FAE6AFFE0FB6EFAF6DD58FAC9" box="[1254,1316,1349,1375]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="generic">25 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C373652DAE6AFFE0FF4DFADFDD63FA10" box="[197,1311,1388,1414]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6AFFE0FF4DFADFDD63FA10" blockId="23.[151,1437,263,1994]" box="[197,1311,1388,1414]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FF4DFADFD936FA10" bold="true" box="[197,330,1388,1414]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Etymology</emphasis>
. The name refers to the tiny size, the smallest in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FBA1FADFDD65FA13" box="[1065,1305,1388,1413]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FBA1FADFDD65FA13" box="[1065,1305,1388,1413]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Forcepia (Forcepia)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C373652DAE6AFFE0FF4DFA21D966F85C" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6AFFE0FF4DFA21DCB2F8EB" blockId="23.[151,1437,263,1994]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FF4DFA21D94BFA3A" bold="true" box="[197,311,1426,1452]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks</emphasis>
. Up to now, four
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FD8CFA20DA13FA3A" box="[516,623,1427,1452]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FD8CFA20DA13FA3A" box="[516,623,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Forcepia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have been recorded from the Central West Atlantic,
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FABAFA20DA3EFA45" authority="Carter (1874)" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1874" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="colonensis" subGenus="Forcepia">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FABAFA20D9E5FA44" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Forcepia (Forcepia) colonensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B57AE6AFFE0FE28FA0ADA3EFA45" author="Carter" box="[416,578,1465,1491]" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" refString="Carter, H. J. (1874) Descriptions and figures of deep-sea sponges and their spicules from the Atlantic Ocean, dredged up on board H. M. S. ' Porcupine', chiefly in 1869; with figures and descriptions of some remarkable spicules from the Agulhas Shoal and Colon, Panama. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (4) 14, 207 - 221." type="journal article" year="1874">Carter (1874)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, redescribed by Van
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B57AE6AFFE0FCBFFA0ADBA2FA45" author="Soest" box="[823,990,1465,1491]" pageId="23" pageNumber="39" refString="van Soest, R. W. M. (2002 b) Family Coelosphaeridae Dendy, 1922. Pp. 528 - 546. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges, 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="b">Soest (2002b)</bibRefCitation>
, based on
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FBD2FA0ADD5DFA44" box="[1114,1313,1465,1490]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trilabis">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FBD2FA0ADD5DFA44" box="[1114,1313,1465,1490]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Forcepia trilabis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu van
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B57AE6AFFE0FF1FFA53D957FA6C" author="Soest" box="[151,299,1504,1530]" pageId="23" pageNumber="39" refString="van Soest, R. W. M. (1984) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part III. Poecilosclerida. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1984">Soest (1984)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6AFFE0FEFBFA53D9ACFA6C" box="[371,464,1504,1530]" name="Panama" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Panama</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6AFFE0FD80FA53DA06FA6C" box="[520,634,1504,1530]" name="Barbados" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Barbados</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FD0DFA53DBADFA6F" box="[645,977,1504,1529]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trilabis" subGenus="Forcepia">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FD0DFA53DBADFA6F" box="[645,977,1504,1529]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Forcepia (Forcepia) trilabis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B57AE6AFFE0FC57FA53DDEEFA6F" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[991,1426,1504,1530]" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. (1973) Resultats scientifiques des campagnes de la ' Calypso'. Campagne de la ' Calypso' au large des cotes atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962). I. 29. Spongiaires. Annales de l'Institut oceanographique, 49 (Supplement 10), 263 - 295." type="journal article" year="1973">
Boury-Esnault, 1973 as
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FB74FA53DDEEFA6F" box="[1276,1426,1504,1529]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Ectoforcepia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FB74FA53DDEEFA6F" box="[1276,1426,1504,1529]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ectoforcepia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</bibRefCitation>
) from
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6AFFE0FF51F9B4D959F9B7" box="[217,293,1543,1569]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FEB9F9B4DAA5F9B6" box="[305,729,1543,1568]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grandisigmata" subGenus="Forcepia">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FEB9F9B4DAA5F9B6" box="[305,729,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Forcepia (Forcepia) grandisigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
van
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B57AE6AFFE0FC9CF9B4DBD7F9B7" author="Soest" box="[788,939,1543,1569]" pageId="23" pageNumber="39" refString="van Soest, R. W. M. (1984) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part III. Poecilosclerida. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1984">Soest (1984)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6AFFE0FC7DF9B4DC24F9B7" box="[1013,1112,1543,1569]" name="Jamaica" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FB1FF9B4D912F9D1" authority="Lehnert" authorityName="Lehnert" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vermicola" subGenus="Leptolabis">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FB1FF9B4D971F9D1" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Forcepia (Leptolabis) vermicola</emphasis>
Lehnert
</taxonomicName>
&amp; van
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B57AE6AFFE0FE4CF99EDA20F9D1" author="Soest" box="[452,604,1581,1607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="38" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (1996) North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 46 (4), 53 - 81." type="journal article" year="1996">Soest (1996)</bibRefCitation>
, likewise from
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6AFFE0FC98F99EDB0EF9D1" box="[784,882,1581,1607]" name="Jamaica" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
. Of these,
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FC65F99DDCF8F9D1" box="[1005,1156,1582,1607]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="colonensis">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FC65F99DDCF8F9D1" box="[1005,1156,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F. colonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closest in spiculation to our new species and shares a thinly encrusting habit. However, the tylotes (330–360 µm) and larger acanthose forcipes (200–260 µm) of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FDCFF9C8DA9CF902" box="[583,736,1659,1684]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="colonensis">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FDCFF9C8DA9CF902" box="[583,736,1659,1684]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F. colonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are clearly larger than those of our new species. The chelae of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FF3FF912D92CF92C" box="[183,336,1697,1722]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="colonensis">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FF3FF912D92CF92C" box="[183,336,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F. colonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are divisible in two size categories with the larger having reduced alae (see Van
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B57AE6AFFE0FA8CF912DDE0F92D" author="Soest" box="[1284,1436,1697,1723]" pageId="23" pageNumber="39" refString="van Soest, R. W. M. (2002 b) Family Coelosphaeridae Dendy, 1922. Pp. 528 - 546. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges, 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="b">Soest, 2002b</bibRefCitation>
fig. 3C).
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FE89F97BD90EF977" box="[257,370,1736,1761]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trilabis">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FE89F97BD90EF977" box="[257,370,1736,1761]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F. trilabis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also close, having similar tylote sizes and both acanthose forcipes and relatively smooth growth stages in two size categories, but like
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FD31F95CDB28F89E" box="[697,852,1775,1800]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="colonensis">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FD31F95CDB28F89E" box="[697,852,1775,1800]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F. colonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
this has very large forcipes (even up to 303 µm) and chelae with reduced alae, whereas there is only a single size category, rendering it inbetween
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FA9EF8A5DDE0F8B9" box="[1302,1436,1814,1839]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="colonenis">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FA9EF8A5DDE0F8B9" box="[1302,1436,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F.colonenis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FF42F88FD93EF8C3" box="[202,322,1852,1877]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FF42F88FD93EF8C3" box="[202,322,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F. minima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57CFAE6AFFE0FEC2F88FD9F2F8C0" box="[330,398,1852,1878]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FEC2F88FD9F2F8C0" bold="true" box="[330,398,1852,1878]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in that respect.
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FDC6F88FDB66F8C3" box="[590,794,1852,1877]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grandisigmata">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FDC6F88FDB66F8C3" box="[590,794,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F. grandisigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more distant in possessing huge sigmas (up to 202 µm) and peculiarly deformed chelae (similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FCA5F8D0DBD1F8EA" box="[813,941,1891,1916]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fistulosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FCA5F8D0DBD1F8EA" box="[813,941,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F. fistulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57CFAE6AFFE0FC3CF8D1DB8BF8EA" box="[948,1015,1890,1916]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FC3CF8D1DB8BF8EA" bold="true" box="[948,1015,1890,1916]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
described below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6AFFE0FF4EF83AD966F85C" blockId="23.[151,1437,263,1994]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FF4EF83AD926F834" box="[198,346,1929,1954]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Forcepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vermicola">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FF4EF83AD926F834" box="[198,346,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F. vermicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distant from the new species by possessing acanthostyles; it is a member of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6AFFE0FF1FF803D96FF85F" box="[151,275,1968,1993]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Leptolabis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6AFFE0FF1FF803D96FF85F" box="[151,275,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Leptolabis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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