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<document id="A0605FE327F55CBA7095BEE7BF27B2BE" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1423" ID-GBIF-Dataset="de9c0c06-0e7d-44a6-a582-d41a346233f6" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5075824" ID-ZooBank="01BBC12C-E715-4393-A9F6-6EA85CB1289F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625579995989" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wesener, Thomas &amp; Sagorny, Christina" docDate="2021" docId="03BF4B62FF9AE0111C36FA798627FBCB" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-758_1-48.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 758 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1423" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Zoosphaerium neptunus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FF86331AFFBEE0341E06FFFB8261FFB5" masterDocTitle="Seven new giant pill-millipede species and numerous new records of the genus Zoosphaerium from Madagascar (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae)" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1701997335475" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="73A4B54A41F0CF4690F8F86381BA99BE">Seven new giant pill-millipede species and numerous new records of the genus Zoosphaerium from Madagascar (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D4DCF36EC9D0EC5317E5E525DB39A195">Wesener, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4A684CBA7468787FAD9153AB2F54DC84">Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Section Myriapoda, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113 Bonn, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="47B8A34EB95375CF3D7E591F63ABABC0">Sagorny, Christina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="65E9027448F31ED467C966754FA86AD9">Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Section Myriapoda, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113 Bonn, Germany. &amp; University of Bonn, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, D- 53121 Bonn, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="F6E53E15464568322E1E958024020C4E">2021</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1681F7FF9AE0101C36FA798665FA29" ID-CoL="5D7HL" authority="(Butler, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[560,1028,1410,1437]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neptunus">
<emphasis id="B9622666FF9AE0101C36FA798136FA29" bold="true" box="[560,855,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Zoosphaerium neptunus</emphasis>
(Butler, 1872)
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<taxonomicName id="4C1681F7FF9AE0101EBBFA388129FA6B" authority="de Saussure &amp; Zehntner, 1897" authorityName="de Saussure &amp; Zehntner" authorityYear="1897" box="[189,840,1475,1502]" class="Diplopoda" family="Sphaerotheriidae" genus="Sphaerotherium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digitale">
<emphasis id="B9622666FF9AE0101EBBFA3883BBFA68" box="[189,474,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Sphaerotherium digitale</emphasis>
de
<bibRefCitation id="EF878785FF9AE0101C02FA3F8129FA6B" author="Saussure H. de &amp; Zehntner L." box="[516,840,1475,1502]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref27664" refString="Saussure H. de &amp; Zehntner L. 1897. Atlas de l'histoire naturelle des Myriapodes. Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar 27 (53): 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1897">Saussure &amp; Zehntner, 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: pl. 5 fig. 16.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1681F7FF9AE0101EBBFA1C81E9F9B4" authority="de Saussure &amp; Zehntner, 1902: 42" authorityName="de Saussure &amp; Zehntner" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1902" box="[189,904,1511,1537]" class="Diplopoda" family="Sphaerotheriidae" genus="Sphaerotherium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygidiale">
<emphasis id="B9622666FF9AE0101EBBFA1C838CF9B4" box="[189,493,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Sphaerotherium pygidiale</emphasis>
de
<bibRefCitation id="EF878785FF9AE0101C1EFA1C81E9F9B4" author="Saussure H. de &amp; Zehntner L." box="[536,904,1511,1537]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 356" refId="ref27698" refString="Saussure H. de &amp; Zehntner L. 1902. Myriapodes de Madagascar. In: Grandidier A. (ed.) Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar 27 (53): i - viii, 1 - 356." type="journal article" year="1902">Saussure &amp; Zehntner, 1902: 42</bibRefCitation>
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.
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See
<bibRefCitation id="EF878785FF9AE0101EE8F9D28047F9F7" author="Wesener T. &amp; Wagele J. W." box="[238,550,1576,1603]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="5 - 82" refId="ref28537" refString="Wesener T. &amp; Wagele J. W. 2008. The giant pill-millipedes of Madagascar: revision of the genus Zoosphaerium (Myriapoda, Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida). Zoosystema 30 (1): 5 - 82." type="journal article" year="2008">Wesener &amp; Wägele (2008)</bibRefCitation>
for a revision and
<bibRefCitation id="EF878785FF9AE0101D05F9D281DDF9F6" author="Wesener T." box="[771,956,1576,1603]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref28054" refString="Wesener T. 2016. The giant pill-millipedes, order Sphaerotheriida - an annotated species catalogue with morphological atlas and list of apomorphies (Arthropoda: Diplopoda). Bonn Zoological Bulletin - Supplementum 63: 1 - 104." type="journal article" year="2016">Wesener (2016)</bibRefCitation>
for a complete bibliography.
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<emphasis id="B9622666FF9AE0101EBBF99283CBF936" bold="true" box="[189,426,1641,1667]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Material examined</emphasis>
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; SAVA,
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NW of Manantenina village
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;
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,
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;
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;
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leg.;
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&gt;
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;
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;
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;
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.
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;
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,
<locationDeviation id="9A1BE356FF9AE0101B15F8F983A2F88A" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<quantity id="4CEE5791FF9AE0101B15F8F98717F8A9" box="[1299,1398,1794,1820]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.41" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="km" value="34.1">34.1 km</quantity>
332° from Toamasina
</locationDeviation>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE229CB3FF9AE0101FD6F8D88002F88A" box="[464,611,1827,1855]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">17°55.26″ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE229CB3FF9AE0101C74F8D88177F8F5" box="[626,790,1827,1856]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">049°11.59″ E</geoCoordinate>
; alt.
<quantity id="4CEE5791FF9AE0101D54F8DE81C3F8F5" box="[850,930,1829,1856]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="390.0">
<elevation id="003B1D47FF9AE0101D54F8DE81C3F8F5" box="[850,930,1829,1856]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="390.0">390 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<collectedFrom id="380AB989FF9AE0101DB6F8DE8713F88A" box="[944,1394,1829,1856]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">general collecting in camp, rainforest</collectedFrom>
;
<date id="FFA8DCB4FF9AE0101EBBF8B38306F8D6" box="[189,359,1864,1891]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2005-11-28">
<collectingDate id="EFEC255CFF9AE0101EBBF8B38306F8D6" box="[189,359,1864,1891]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2005-11-28">28 Nov. 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26E39FA2FF9AE0101F71F8B38050F8D7" box="[375,561,1864,1891]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Brian L. Fisher</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B9622666FF9AE0101C3AF8B2801AF8D7" box="[572,635,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
leg.; coll. no. BLF 13126;
<specimenCode id="DBB0520FFF9AE0101DD7F8B386D5F8D7" box="[977,1204,1864,1890]" collectionCode="CASENT" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">CASENT 9032818</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7EF029FF9AE0101AD3F8B38394F879" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314642348" accessionNumber="BLF 19514" collectedFrom="rainforest, general collecting" collectingDate="2007-12-15" collectingDateMax="2007-12-17" collectingDateMin="2007-12-15" collectionCode="CASENT" collectorName="Brian L. Fisher" country="Madagascar" elevation="500" location="Betampona" municipality="Reserve Nationale Integrale Betampona" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCode="CASENT 9068298" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<specimenCount id="9D1031FDFF9AE0101AD3F8B38767F8D6" box="[1237,1286,1864,1891]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCD600EFF9AE0101B1EF8B28054F833" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Reserve Nationale Integrale Betampona</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EC9ACAFFF9AE0101C45F89780ADF833" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF4B62FF9AE0111C36FA798627FBCB:8EC9ACAFFF9AE0101C45F89780ADF833" box="[579,716,1900,1926]" country="Madagascar" municipality="Reserve Nationale Integrale Betampona" name="Betampona" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Toamasina">Betampona</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A1BE356FF9AE0101CDDF8908648F830" box="[731,1065,1899,1926]" location="Toamasina" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<quantity id="4CEE5791FF9AE0101CDDF890815FF830" box="[731,830,1899,1926]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.51" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="km" value="35.1">35.1 km</quantity>
NW of Toamasina
</locationDeviation>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE229CB3FF9AE0101A31F89186AAF830" box="[1079,1227,1898,1926]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">17°55.05″ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE229CB3FF9AE0101ADDF8918710F833" box="[1243,1393,1898,1926]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">49°12.03″ E</geoCoordinate>
; alt.
<quantity id="4CEE5791FF9AE0101EEDF875835AF81C" box="[235,315,1934,1961]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="500.0">
<elevation id="003B1D47FF9AE0101EEDF875835AF81C" box="[235,315,1934,1961]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<collectedFrom id="380AB989FF9AE0101F4CF87580C3F81D" box="[330,674,1934,1960]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">rainforest, general collecting</collectedFrom>
;
<date id="FFA8DCB4FF9AE0101CB7F87581E3F81C" box="[689,898,1934,1961]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2007-12-15" valueMax="2007-12-17" valueMin="2007-12-15">
<collectingDate id="EFEC255CFF9AE0101CB7F87581E3F81C" box="[689,898,1934,1961]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2007-12-15" valueMax="2007-12-17" valueMin="2007-12-15">1517 Dec. 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26E39FA2FF9AE0101D97F8758626F81D" box="[913,1095,1934,1961]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Brian L. Fisher</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B9622666FF9AE0101A52F87486F0F81D" box="[1108,1169,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
leg.; coll. no. BLF 19514;
<specimenCode id="DBB0520FFF9AE0101F11F8498394F879" box="[279,501,1970,1996]" collectionCode="CASENT" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">CASENT 9068298</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7EF029FF9AE0111C0DF8498661FEF3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314642309" collectedFrom="in relatively intact lowland humid forest" collectingDate="2015-11-10" collectingMethod="pitfall" collectionCode="PP, FMNH-INS" collectorName="Steven M. Goodman" country="Madagascar" county="Region Atsinanana" elevation="450" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" latitude="-17.913334" location="Piste Principale" longLatPrecision="127" longitude="49.193333" municipality="Reserve Naturelle Integrale" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCode="FMNH-INS SMG-19237" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<specimenCount id="9D1031FDFF9AE0101C0DF8498056F879" box="[523,567,1970,1996]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingCounty id="62C882F8FF9AE0101C42F8498145F879" box="[580,804,1970,1996]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Region Atsinanana</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCD600EFF9AE0101D29F8498610F879" box="[815,1137,1970,1996]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Reserve Naturelle Integrale</collectingMunicipality>
, along
<location id="8EC9ACAFFF9AE0101AC5F8498718F879" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF4B62FF9AE0111C36FA798627FBCB:8EC9ACAFFF9AE0101AC5F8498718F879" box="[1219,1401,1970,1996]" country="Madagascar" county="Region Atsinanana" latitude="-17.913334" longLatPrecision="127" longitude="49.193333" municipality="Reserve Naturelle Integrale" name="Piste Principale" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Toamasina">Piste Principale</location>
(PP);
<geoCoordinate id="EE229CB3FF9BE0111F07FEFC831CFE96" box="[257,381,263,291]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="54.8" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="92" value="-17.913334">17°54.8 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE229CB3FF9BE0111F8CFEFC8069FE96" box="[394,520,263,291]" degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="11.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="92" value="49.193333">49°11.6 E</geoCoordinate>
; alt.
<quantity id="4CEE5791FF9BE0111C47FEF280A8FE96" box="[577,713,265,292]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="450.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="400.0">
<elevation id="003B1D47FF9BE0111C47FEF280A8FE96" box="[577,713,265,292]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="450.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="400.0">400500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<collectedFrom id="380AB989FF9BE0111CD0FEF286D3FE96" box="[726,1202,265,291]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">in relatively intact lowland humid forest</collectedFrom>
,
<collectingMethod id="52578263FF9BE0111ABBFEF28762FE96" box="[1213,1283,265,291]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">pitfall</collectingMethod>
2, bucket 6;
<date id="FFA8DCB4FF9BE0111ED8FED783E4FEF2" box="[222,389,300,327]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2015-11-10">
<collectingDate id="EFEC255CFF9BE0111ED8FED783E4FEF2" box="[222,389,300,327]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2015-11-10">10 Nov. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26E39FA2FF9BE0111F92FED780EFFEF3" box="[404,654,300,327]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Steven M. Goodman</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="DBB0520FFF9BE0111CD3FED78661FEF3" box="[725,1024,300,326]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FMNH-INS SMG-19237</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7EF029FF9BE0111A18FED78182FEDF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314642338" collectedFrom="in relatively intact lowland humid forest" collectingDate="2015-11-10" collectingMethod="pitfall" collectionCode="PP, FMNH-INS" collectorName="Steven M. Goodman" country="Madagascar" county="Region Atsinanana" elevation="450" latitude="-17.913334" location="Piste Principale" longLatPrecision="127" longitude="49.193333" municipality="Reserve Naturelle Integrale" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="FMNH-INS 2858602" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<specimenCount id="9D1031FDFF9BE0111A18FED7862FFEF2" box="[1054,1102,300,327]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding; by hand; coll. no. SMG-19235;
<specimenCode id="DBB0520FFF9BE0111CE0FEB48182FEDF" box="[742,995,335,362]" collectionCode="FMNH-INS" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FMNH-INS 2858602</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7EF029FF9BE0111DFBFEB48680FE38" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314642318" collectedFrom="in relatively intact lowland humid forest" collectingDate="2015-11-11" collectingMethod="pitfall" collectionCode="PP, FMNH-INS" collectorName="Steven M. Goodman" country="Madagascar" county="Region Atsinanana" elevation="450" latitude="-17.913334" location="Piste Principale" longLatPrecision="127" longitude="49.193333" municipality="Reserve Naturelle Integrale" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="FMNH-INS 2858597" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<specimenCount id="9D1031FDFF9BE0111DFBFEB4864AFEDF" box="[1021,1067,335,362]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding;
<collectingMethod id="52578263FF9BE0111F47FE8983E6FE39" box="[321,391,370,396]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">pitfall</collectingMethod>
3, bucket 5;
<date id="FFA8DCB4FF9BE0111C23FE8880A8FE38" box="[549,713,370,397]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2015-11-11">
<collectingDate id="EFEC255CFF9BE0111C23FE8880A8FE38" box="[549,713,370,397]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2015-11-11">11 Nov. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
; coll. no. SMG-19246;
<specimenCode id="DBB0520FFF9BE0111DE5FE888680FE38" box="[995,1249,370,397]" collectionCode="FMNH-INS" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FMNH-INS 2858597</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7EF029FF9BE0111AFAFE88863DFE04" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314642310" collectedFrom="in relatively intact lowland humid forest" collectingDate="2015-11-11" collectingMethod="pitfall" collectionCode="PP, FMNH-INS" collectorName="Steven M. Goodman" country="Madagascar" county="Region Atsinanana" elevation="450" latitude="-17.913334" location="Piste Principale" longLatPrecision="127" longitude="49.193333" municipality="Reserve Naturelle Integrale" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="FMNH-INS 2858600" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<specimenCount id="9D1031FDFF9BE0111AFAFE88874BFE38" box="[1276,1322,371,397]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding; coll. no. SMG-19247;
<specimenCode id="DBB0520FFF9BE0111D5BFE6D863DFE04" box="[861,1116,406,433]" collectionCode="FMNH-INS" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FMNH-INS 2858600</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7EF029FF9BE0111A7DFE6D8684FE61" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314642301" collectedFrom="in relatively intact lowland humid forest" collectingDate="2015-11-12" collectingMethod="pitfall" collectionCode="PP, FMNH-INS" collectorName="Steven M. Goodman" country="Madagascar" county="Region Atsinanana" elevation="450" latitude="-17.913334" location="Piste Principale" longLatPrecision="127" longitude="49.193333" municipality="Reserve Naturelle Integrale" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="FMNH-INS 2858599" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<specimenCount id="9D1031FDFF9BE0111A7DFE6D86CAFE05" box="[1147,1195,406,432]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding;
<collectingMethod id="52578263FF9BE0111FC5FE428068FE66" box="[451,521,441,467]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">pitfall</collectingMethod>
1;
<date id="FFA8DCB4FF9BE0111C29FE4280B3FE61" box="[559,722,441,468]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2015-11-12">
<collectingDate id="EFEC255CFF9BE0111C29FE4280B3FE61" box="[559,722,441,468]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2015-11-12">12 Nov. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
; coll. no. SMG-19255;
<specimenCode id="DBB0520FFF9BE0111DEEFE428684FE61" box="[1000,1253,441,468]" collectionCode="FMNH-INS" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FMNH-INS 2858599</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7EF029FF9BE0111AF8FE4286B6FE42" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314642342" collectedFrom="in relatively intact lowland humid forest" collectingDate="2015-11-12" collectingMethod="pitfall" collectionCode="PP, FMNH-INS" collectorName="Steven M. Goodman" country="Madagascar" county="Region Atsinanana" elevation="450" latitude="-17.913334" location="Piste Principale" longLatPrecision="127" longitude="49.193333" municipality="Reserve Naturelle Integrale" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="FMNH-INS 2858604" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<specimenCount id="9D1031FDFF9BE0111AF8FE42874AFE66" box="[1278,1323,441,467]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding;
<collectingMethod id="52578263FF9BE0111C56FE2780F7FE43" box="[592,662,476,502]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">pitfall</collectingMethod>
3; coll. no. SMG-19256;
<specimenCode id="DBB0520FFF9BE0111DD1FE2786B6FE42" box="[983,1239,476,503]" collectionCode="FMNH-INS" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FMNH-INS 2858604</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7EF029FF9BE0111AF1FE2786B6FDAF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314642336" collectedFrom="in relatively intact lowland humid forest" collectingDate="2015-11-12" collectingMethod="pitfall" collectionCode="PP, FMNH-INS" collectorName="Steven M. Goodman" country="Madagascar" county="Region Atsinanana" elevation="450" latitude="-17.913334" location="Piste Principale" longLatPrecision="127" longitude="49.193333" municipality="Reserve Naturelle Integrale" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="FMNH-INS 2858593" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<specimenCount id="9D1031FDFF9BE0111AF1FE27874BFE42" box="[1271,1322,476,503]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding;
<collectingMethod id="52578263FF9BE0111C56FE0480F7FDAC" box="[592,662,511,537]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">pitfall</collectingMethod>
2; coll. no. SMG-19254;
<specimenCode id="DBB0520FFF9BE0111DD1FE0486B6FDAF" box="[983,1239,511,538]" collectionCode="FMNH-INS" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FMNH-INS 2858593</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7EF029FF9BE0111AF1FE048704FD88" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314642357" collectedFrom="in relatively intact lowland humid forest" collectingDate="2015-11-13" collectingMethod="pitfall" collectionCode="PP, FMNH-INS" collectorName="Steven M. Goodman" country="Madagascar" county="Region Atsinanana" elevation="450" latitude="-17.913334" location="Piste Principale" longLatPrecision="127" longitude="49.193333" municipality="Reserve Naturelle Integrale" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="FMNH-INS 2858594" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<specimenCount id="9D1031FDFF9BE0111AF1FE04874BFDAF" box="[1271,1322,511,538]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding;
<collectingMethod id="52578263FF9BE0111C46FDD980E7FD89" box="[576,646,546,572]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">pitfall</collectingMethod>
1;
<date id="FFA8DCB4FF9BE0111CABFDD88131FD88" box="[685,848,546,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2015-11-13">
<collectingDate id="EFEC255CFF9BE0111CABFDD88131FD88" box="[685,848,546,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2015-11-13">13 Nov. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
; coll. no. SMG-19263;
<specimenCode id="DBB0520FFF9BE0111A6EFDD88704FD88" box="[1128,1381,546,573]" collectionCode="FMNH-INS" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FMNH-INS 2858594</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7EF029FF9BE0111EBBFDBD86BCFDD4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314642313" box="[189,1245,582,609]" collectedFrom="in relatively intact lowland humid forest" collectingDate="2015-11-13" collectingMethod="pitfall" collectionCode="PP, FMNH-INS" collectorName="Steven M. Goodman" country="Madagascar" county="Region Atsinanana" elevation="450" latitude="-17.913334" location="Piste Principale" longLatPrecision="127" longitude="49.193333" municipality="Reserve Naturelle Integrale" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="FMNH-INS 2858591" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<specimenCount id="9D1031FDFF9BE0111EBBFDBD828FFDD5" box="[189,238,582,608]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding; coll. no. SMG-19264;
<specimenCode id="DBB0520FFF9BE0111DD8FDBD86BCFDD4" box="[990,1245,582,609]" collectionCode="FMNH-INS" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FMNH-INS 2858591</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7EF029FF9BE0111AFCFDBD8704FD31" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314642323" collectedFrom="in relatively intact lowland humid forest" collectingDate="2015-11-15" collectingMethod="pitfall" collectionCode="PP, FMNH-INS" collectorName="Steven M. Goodman" country="Madagascar" county="Region Atsinanana" elevation="450" latitude="-17.913334" location="Piste Principale" longLatPrecision="127" longitude="49.193333" municipality="Reserve Naturelle Integrale" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="FMNH-INS 2858603" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<specimenCount id="9D1031FDFF9BE0111AFCFDBD8748FDD5" box="[1274,1321,582,608]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding;
<collectingMethod id="52578263FF9BE0111C46FD9280E7FD36" box="[576,646,617,643]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">pitfall</collectingMethod>
3;
<date id="FFA8DCB4FF9BE0111CABFD928131FD31" box="[685,848,617,644]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2015-11-15">
<collectingDate id="EFEC255CFF9BE0111CABFD928131FD31" box="[685,848,617,644]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2015-11-15">15 Nov. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
; coll. no. SMG-19271;
<specimenCode id="DBB0520FFF9BE0111A6EFD928704FD31" box="[1128,1381,617,644]" collectionCode="FMNH-INS" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FMNH-INS 2858603</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7EF029FF9BE0111EBBFD7786BCFD58" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314642352" collectingDate="2015-11-17" collectingMethod="pitfall" collectionCode="PP" collectorName="Steven M. Goodman" country="Madagascar" county="Region Atsinanana" elevation="2550" latitude="-17.910334" location="Piste Principale" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="49.195" municipality="Reserve Naturelle Integrale" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="FMNH-INS 2858598" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<specimenCount id="9D1031FDFF9BE0111EBBFD77828CFD12" box="[189,237,652,679]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingCounty id="62C882F8FF9BE0111EF9FD778382FD13" box="[255,483,652,678]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Region Atsinanana</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCD600EFF9BE0111FF4FD76815CFD13" box="[498,829,652,679]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Reserve Naturelle Integrale</collectingMunicipality>
, along
<location id="8EC9ACAFFF9BE0111D9EFD778633FD13" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF4B62FF9AE0111C36FA798627FBCB:8EC9ACAFFF9BE0111D9EFD778633FD13" box="[920,1106,652,678]" country="Madagascar" county="Region Atsinanana" latitude="-17.910334" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="49.195" municipality="Reserve Naturelle Integrale" name="Piste Principale" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Toamasina">Piste Principale</location>
(PP) between 1650 and
<quantity id="4CEE5791FF9BE0111EBBFD548379FD7F" box="[189,280,687,714]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="2550.0">
<elevation id="003B1D47FF9BE0111EBBFD548379FD7F" box="[189,280,687,714]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="2550.0">2550 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE229CB3FF9BE0111F25FD5583CCFD7C" box="[291,429,686,714]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="54.62" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="9" value="-17.910334">17°54.62 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE229CB3FF9BE0111FBEFD558025FD7F" box="[440,580,686,714]" degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="11.70" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="9" value="49.195">49°11.70 E</geoCoordinate>
; alt.
<quantity id="4CEE5791FF9BE0111C7CFD548160FD7F" box="[634,769,687,714]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="490.0" valueMax="520.0" valueMin="460.0">
<elevation id="003B1D47FF9BE0111C7CFD548160FD7F" box="[634,769,687,714]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="490.0" valueMax="520.0" valueMin="460.0">460520 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; in undisturbed lowland humid forest,
<collectingMethod id="52578263FF9BE0111AC6FD548767FD7C" box="[1216,1286,687,713]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">pitfall</collectingMethod>
4, bucket 8;
<date id="FFA8DCB4FF9BE0111EDBFD2883E5FD58" box="[221,388,722,749]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2015-11-17">
<collectingDate id="EFEC255CFF9BE0111EDBFD2883E5FD58" box="[221,388,722,749]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2015-11-17">17 Nov. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26E39FA2FF9BE0111F94FD2880EBFD59" box="[402,650,722,749]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Steven M. Goodman</collectorName>
leg.; coll. no. SMG-19289;
<specimenCode id="DBB0520FFF9BE0111DD9FD2886BCFD58" box="[991,1245,722,749]" collectionCode="FMNH-INS" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FMNH-INS 2858598</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7EF029FF9BE0111AFCFD2886BCFCA4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314642359" collectingDate="2015-11-17" collectingMethod="pitfall" collectionCode="PP" collectorName="Steven M. Goodman" country="Madagascar" county="Region Atsinanana" elevation="2550" latitude="-17.910334" location="Piste Principale" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="49.195" municipality="Reserve Naturelle Integrale" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="FMNH-INS 2858590" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<specimenCount id="9D1031FDFF9BE0111AFCFD28874DFD58" box="[1274,1324,723,749]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding; bucket 11; coll. no. SMG-19291;
<specimenCode id="DBB0520FFF9BE0111DD8FD0D86BCFCA4" box="[990,1245,758,785]" collectionCode="FMNH-INS" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FMNH-INS 2858590</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7EF029FF9BE0111AFCFD0D8749FC81" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314642326" collectingDate="2015-11-17" collectingMethod="pitfall" collectionCode="PP" collectorName="Steven M. Goodman" country="Madagascar" county="Region Atsinanana" elevation="2550" latitude="-17.910334" location="Piste Principale" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="49.195" municipality="Reserve Naturelle Integrale" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="FMNH-INS 2858596" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<specimenCount id="9D1031FDFF9BE0111AFCFD0D8748FCA5" box="[1274,1321,758,784]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding;
<collectingMethod id="52578263FF9BE0111C46FCE280E7FC86" box="[576,646,793,819]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">pitfall</collectingMethod>
5, bucket 3; coll. no. SMG-19290;
<specimenCode id="DBB0520FFF9BE0111A2DFCE28749FC81" box="[1067,1320,793,820]" collectionCode="FMNH-INS" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FMNH-INS 2858596</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7EF029FF9BE0111B44FCE2833EFCCF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314642307" collectingDate="2015-11-21" collectingMethod="pitfall" collectionCode="FMNH-" collectorName="Steven M. Goodman" country="Madagascar" county="Region Atsinanana" elevation="2550" latitude="-17.910334" location="Piste Principale" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="49.195" municipality="Reserve Naturelle Integrale" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="FMNH- INS 2858592" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Toamasina">
<specimenCount id="9D1031FDFF9BE0111B44FCE28710FC86" box="[1346,1393,793,819]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding;
<collectingMethod id="52578263FF9BE0111C87FCC780A6FCE3" box="[641,711,828,854]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">pitfall</collectingMethod>
4, bucket 1;
<date id="FFA8DCB4FF9BE0111D66FCC78663FCE2" box="[864,1026,828,855]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2015-11-21">
<collectingDate id="EFEC255CFF9BE0111D66FCC78663FCE2" box="[864,1026,828,855]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2015-11-21">21 Nov. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
; coll. no. SMG-19313;
<specimenCode id="DBB0520FFF9BE0111B1EFCC6833EFCCF" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FMNH- INS 2858592</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30CA9FFFF9BE0111EBBFC538627FBCB" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA9FA74FF9BE0111EBBFC53834EFC77" blockId="37.[189,303,936,962]" box="[189,303,936,962]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<heading id="D0E14D18FF9BE0111EBBFC53834EFC77" bold="true" box="[189,303,936,962]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9622666FF9BE0111EBBFC53834EFC77" bold="true" box="[189,303,936,962]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9FA74FF9BE0111EBBFC2C8627FBCB" blockId="37.[189,1399,983,1150]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
We provide further locality information including the lowland forest of Betampona and lowland forests in Marojejy for this relatively widespread species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1681F7FF9BE0111D3BFC018187FBA1" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[829,998,1018,1044]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9622666FF9BE0111D3BFC018187FBA1" box="[829,998,1018,1044]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Zoosphaerium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132DE6F1FF9BE0111DF0FC018607FBA1" box="[1014,1126,1018,1044]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[189,232,1846,1872]" captionTargetBox="[194,1396,464,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-139@38.[189,1398,459,1804]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 13. Distribution maps marking new localities for known species of Zoosphaerium. Vegetation color marks modified from Moat &amp; Smith 2007. A. Z. neptunus (Butler, 1872).B. Z. platylabum (de Saussure &amp; Zehntner, 1897). C. 1 = Z. piligerum (de Saussure &amp; Zehntner, 1897); 2 = Z. villosum Wesener &amp; Sierwald, 2015; 3 = Z. libidinosum (de Saussure &amp; Zehntner, 1897); 4 =Zoosphaerium discolor Wesener, 2009. D. Unidentifiable juvenile Zoosphaerium samples." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075851/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
). The gigantic females of
<taxonomicName id="4C1681F7FF9BE0111EE6FBE5830DFB82" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[224,364,1054,1079]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neptunus">
<emphasis id="B9622666FF9BE0111EE6FBE5830DFB82" box="[224,364,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Z. neptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are currently the largest
<taxonomicName id="4C1681F7FF9BE0111CA6FBE6813BFB82" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1833" box="[672,858,1053,1079]" class="Diplopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Sphaerotheriida</taxonomicName>
known, reaching the size of a tennis ball or small orange when rolled up. The juveniles of this species show swarming behavior around Andasibe (
<bibRefCitation id="EF878785FF9BE0111EC0FB9F8391FBCB" author="Wesener T. &amp; Schutte K." box="[198,496,1124,1150]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="89 - 94" refId="ref28318" refString="Wesener T. &amp; Schutte K. 2010. Swarming behaviour and mass occurrences in the world's largest giant pill-millipede species, Zoosphaerium neptunus, on Madagascar and its implication for conservation efforts (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida). Madagascar Conservation and Development 5 (2): 89 - 94." type="journal article" year="2010">Wesener &amp; Schütte 2010</bibRefCitation>
), a so far unique behavior for giant pill-millipedes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>