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<mods:title id="6404C3980B345E6A50698F5FFCEF7A9E">Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae</mods:title>
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<treatment id="0398542A1970FF8368AA963E1E25F9E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4628103" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180667535" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4628103" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398542A1970FF8368AA963E1E25F9E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0398542A1970FF8368AA963E1E25F9E6" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1970FF9C68AA963E1B92F9C1" authority="Mathews" authorityName="Mathews" box="[726,1203,1584,1607]" class="Aves" family="Ptilonorhynchidae" genus="Ailuroedus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="crassirostris" subSpecies="blaauwi">
<emphasis id="B945392E1970FF9C68AA963E1B92F9C1" bold="true" box="[726,1203,1584,1607]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B945392E1970FF9C68AA963E1B60F9C1" bold="true" box="[726,1089,1584,1607]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">Ailuroedus crassirostris blaauwi</emphasis>
Mathews
</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D1970FF9C68C196501DDCF90B" author="Mathews, G. M." page="439" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" year="1912">
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1970FF9C68C196501DDCF90B" authority="Mathews, 1912 a: 439" authorityName="Mathews" authorityPageNumber="439" authorityYear="1912" class="Aves" family="Ptilonorhynchidae" genus="Ailuroedus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="crassirostris" subSpecies="blaauwi">
<emphasis id="B945392E1970FF9C68C196501B2BF9F4" box="[701,1034,1630,1650]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">Ailuroedus crassirostris blaauwi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1970FF9C6E6A96511DDCF90B" author="Mathews" firstAuthor="Mathews" page="439" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" pagination="171 - 446" refId="ref129241" refString="Mathews, G. M. 1912 a. A reference-list to the birds of Australia. Novitates Zoologicae 18: 171 - 446." type="journal article" year="1912" yearSuffix="a">Mathews, 1912a: 439</bibRefCitation>
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(Richmond River,
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).
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB21C2121970FF8368C196981E42FEE8" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">
Now
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1970FF9C6887969A1BBAF92E" ID-CoL="BCDX" authority="(Paykull, 1815)" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[763,1179,1684,1704]" class="Aves" family="Ptilonorhynchidae" genus="Ailuroedus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassirostris">
<emphasis id="B945392E1970FF9C6887969A1CCDF92E" box="[763,1004,1684,1704]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">Ailuroedus crassirostris</emphasis>
(Paykull, 1815)
</taxonomicName>
. See
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D1970FF9C68A496BE1C9EF945" author="Mathews, G. M." box="[728,959,1712,1731]" page="309" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1970FF9C68A496BE1C9EF945" author="Mathews" box="[728,959,1712,1731]" firstAuthor="Mathews" page="309" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" refId="ref129354" refString="Mathews, G. M. 1913 a. A list of the birds of Australia. London: Witherby and Co., 453 pp." type="book" year="1913" yearSuffix="a">Mathews, 1913a: 309</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D1970FF9C69B296BE1B49F945" author="Mathews, G. M." box="[974,1128,1712,1731]" page="314" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" year="1926">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1970FF9C69B296BE1B49F945" author="Mathews" box="[974,1128,1712,1731]" firstAuthor="Mathews" page="314 - 317" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" pagination="226 - 406" refId="ref129909" refString="Mathews, G. M. 1926. The birds of Australia, 12 (6 - 9): 226 - 406, pls. 571 - 595. London: H. F. &amp; G. Witherby." type="journal article" year="1926">1926: 314317</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D1970FF9C6E0B96BF1C1CF958" author="Hartert, E." page="55" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1970FF9C6E0B96BF1C1CF958" author="Hartert" firstAuthor="Hartert" page="55" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" pagination="42 - 58" refId="ref126045" refString="Hartert, E. 1929 a. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. D. Gregory M. Mathews' types of Australian birds. I. Novitates Zoologicae 35: 42 - 58." type="journal article" year="1929" yearSuffix="a">Hartert, 1929a: 55</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D1970FF9C693B96C51BA1F958" author="Mayr, E. &amp; K. Jennings" box="[839,1152,1739,1758]" page="2" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1970FF9C693B96C51BA1F958" author="Mayr and Jennings" box="[839,1152,1739,1758]" firstAuthor="Mayr" page="2 - 3" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref130954" refString="Mayr, E., and K. Jennings. 1952. Geographic variation and plumages in Australian bowerbirds (Ptilonorhynchidae). American Museum Novitates 1602: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1952">Mayr and Jennings, 1952: 23</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D1970FF836EF796C51E36FF61" author="Mayr, E." lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="80" page="173" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1970FF836EF796C51E36FF61" author="Mayr" firstAuthor="Mayr" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="80" page="173 - 175" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" pagination="172 - 181" refId="ref130585" refString="Mayr, E. 1962 c. Family Ptilonorhynchidae. In E. Mayr and J. C. Greenway, Jr. (editors). Checklist of birds of the world, 15: 172 - 181. Cambridge, MA: Museum of Comparative Zoology, x + 315 pp." type="book chapter" year="1962" yearSuffix="c">Mayr, 1962c: 173175</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D196FFF836B5D90DA1D35FF61" author="Gilliard, E. T." box="[289,532,212,231]" page="263" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD196FFF836B5D90DA1D35FF61" author="Gilliard" box="[289,532,212,231]" firstAuthor="Gilliard" page="263 - 266" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" refId="ref123770" refString="Gilliard, E. T. 1969. Birds of paradise and bower birds. Garden City, NY: Natural History Press, xxii + 485 pp, pls, 32 photographs." type="book" year="1969">Gilliard, 1969: 263266</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D196FFF83686190DA1E73FE84" author="Beehler, B. M. &amp; B. W. Finch" page="55" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD196FFF83686190DA1E73FE84" author="Beehler and Finch" firstAuthor="Beehler" page="55" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" refId="ref119684" refString="Beehler, B. M., and B. W. Finch. 1985. Specieschecklist of the birds of New Guinea. Moonee Ponds, Vic, Australia: Royal Australasian Ornithologists' Union Monograph 1, 127 pp." type="book" year="1985">Beehler and Finch, 1985: 55</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D196FFF836B1C90E11D46FE84" author="Beehler, B. M. &amp; T. K. Pratt &amp; D. A. Zimmerman" box="[352,615,239,258]" page="220" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD196FFF836B1C90E11D46FE84" author="Beehler" box="[352,615,239,258]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Beehler" page="220" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" refId="ref119725" refString="Beehler, B. M., T. K. Pratt, and D. A. Zimmerman. 1986. Birds of New Guinea. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 293 pp + 55 pls." type="book" year="1986">Beehler et al., 1986: 220</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D196FFF836A0491041ED1FE9B" author="Schodde, R. &amp; I. J. Mason" box="[120,496,266,285]" page="622" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD196FFF836A0491041ED1FE9B" author="Schodde and Mason" box="[120,496,266,285]" firstAuthor="Schodde" page="622 - 624" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" refId="ref136218" refString="Schodde, R., and I. J. Mason. 1999. The directory of Australian birds. Passerines. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing, 851 pp." type="book" year="1999">Schodde and Mason, 1999: 622624</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D196FFF836B8691041FC6FEBE" author="Dickinson, E. C." page="427" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD196FFF836B8691041FC6FEBE" author="Dickinson" firstAuthor="Dickinson" page="427" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" refId="ref122474" refString="Dickinson, E. C. 2003. The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world, 3 rd ed. London: Christopher Helm, 1039 pp." type="book" year="2003">Dickinson, 2003: 427</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D196FFF836A80912B1D49FEBE" author="Frith, C. B. &amp; D. W. Frith" box="[252,616,293,312]" page="249" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD196FFF836A80912B1D49FEBE" author="Frith and Frith" box="[252,616,293,312]" firstAuthor="Frith" page="249 - 250" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" refId="ref123324" refString="Frith, C. B., and D. W. Frith. 2004. The bowerbirds Ptilonorhynchidae. Oxford: Oxford University Press, xxiii + 508 pp, 8 pls., maps, photographs." type="book" year="2004">Frith and Frith, 2004: 249250</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D196FFF836A04914E1ED6FED5" author="Christidis, L. &amp; W. E. Boles" box="[120,503,320,339]" page="179" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD196FFF836A04914E1ED6FED5" author="Christidis and Boles" box="[120,503,320,339]" firstAuthor="Christidis" page="179 - 180" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" refId="ref121278" refString="Christidis, L., and W. E. Boles. 2008. Systematics and taxonomy of Australian birds. Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing, viii + 277 pp." type="book" year="2008">Christidis and Boles, 2008: 179180</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; and
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D196FFF836849914E1E7EFEE8" author="Frith, C. B. &amp; D. W. Frith" page="394" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD196FFF836849914E1E7EFEE8" author="Frith and Frith" firstAuthor="Frith" page="394" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="393 - 403" refId="ref123363" refString="Frith, C. B., and D. W. Frith. 2009 a. Family Ptilonorhynchidae (bowerbirds). Species accounts. In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott and D. A. Christie (editors). Handbook of the birds of the world. Vol. 14, Bush-shrikes to Old World sparrows: 393 - 403. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 893 pp, 51 pls., photographs." type="book chapter" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">Frith and Frith, 2009a: 394</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32BB6B7196FFF836A06918B1D11FDB4" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C196FFF836A06918B1D11FDB4" blockId="80.[93,619,389,1632]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
<materialsCitation id="3B59EF61196FFF836A06918B1D11FDB4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3059913375" collectingDate="1905-10" collectionCode="USBGN" collectorName="P. Schrader" country="Australia" latitude="-28.53" location="Rous Mill" longLatPrecision="739" longitude="153.23" municipality="Richmond River" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" specimenCode="AMNH 679627" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="548A5B9E196FFF836A06918B1FDBFE1A" box="[122,250,389,413]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="B945392E196FFF836B7091891EE2FE1A" bold="true" box="[268,451,391,412]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
<specimenCode id="DB974D47196FFF836B7091891EE2FE1A" box="[268,451,391,412]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">AMNH 679627</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
, adult female, collected at
<location id="8EEEB3E7196FFF836A8691AB1E59FE3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398542A1970FF8368AA963E1E25F9E6:8EEEB3E7196FFF836A8691AB1E59FE3D" box="[250,376,421,443]" country="Australia" latitude="-28.53" longLatPrecision="739" longitude="153.23" municipality="Richmond River" name="Rous Mill" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" stateProvince="New South Wales">Rous Mill</location>
(= Rous),
<geoCoordinate id="EE0583FB196FFF83686491AB1D46FE3D" box="[536,615,421,443]" degrees="28.53" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" precision="555" value="-28.53">28.53S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0583FB196FFF836A2191CD1F98FE5F" box="[93,185,451,473]" degrees="153.23" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" precision="555" value="153.23">153.23E</geoCoordinate>
(
<collectionCode id="ED207DF9196FFF836AB391CD1E17FE5E" box="[207,310,451,472]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">USBGN</collectionCode>
, 1957),
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEA7F46196FFF836BE191CD1D46FE5F" box="[413,615,451,473]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Richmond River</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F52BDE196FFF836A2191EF1E0DFE70" box="[93,300,480,502]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F326A5AC196FFF836B4B91EE1E85FE70" box="[311,420,480,502]" name="Australia" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Australia</collectingCountry>
, in
<date id="FF8FC3FC196FFF836BB791EE1D46FE70" box="[459,615,480,502]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" value="1905-10">
<collectingDate id="EFCB3A14196FFF836BB791EE1D46FE70" box="[459,615,480,502]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" value="1905-10">October 1905</collectingDate>
</date>
, by
<collectorName id="26C480EA196FFF836AFC91F11E74FD92" box="[128,341,510,532]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">P. Schrader. From</collectorName>
the
<collectorName id="26C480EA196FFF836BFA91F01D4AFD92" box="[390,619,510,532]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Mathews Collection</collectorName>
(no. 3645) via the
<collectorName id="26C480EA196FFF836B5292121D11FDB4" box="[302,560,540,562]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Rothschild Collection.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32BB6B7196FFF836A0692361E25F9E6" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C196FFF836A0692361D21FB7C" blockId="80.[93,619,389,1632]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
COMMENTS: Mathews cited his catalog number of the type in the original description. I have considered the following specimens
<typeStatus id="548A5B9E196FFF836ACD929A1E07FD2F" box="[177,294,660,681]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="B945392E196FFF836B3D929D1E2FFD40" bold="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">AMNH 679621679626, 679628679632</emphasis>
, six males, five females, all collected at Rous or on the Richmond River, between
<date id="FF8FC3FC196FFF836ABF92E21E76FC87" box="[195,343,748,769]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" value="1903-08">August 1903</date>
and
<date id="FF8FC3FC196FFF836BEE92E21D13FC87" box="[402,562,748,770]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" value="1908-10">October 1908</date>
. The following Mathews catalog numbers apply to this form, but I could not correlate all the numbers with the specimens and some numbers apparently covered more than one specimen bearing the same data: 3643, 3644, 3950, 5535, 5536, 5999, 6000, 6001. The Mathews and Rothschild type labels bear Mathews no. 3646, but Schraders label is correctly numbered 3645. The number
<quantity id="4CC948D9196FFF83684893F91F55FBAD" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.26084" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" unit="in" value="3646.0">3646 in</quantity>
Mathews catalog refers to a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF196FFF836A21943D1E14FBCF" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[93,309,1074,1097]" class="Aves" family="Cracticidae" genus="Strepera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graculina">
<emphasis id="B945392E196FFF836A21943D1E14FBCF" box="[93,309,1074,1097]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Strepera graculina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. AMNH 679621 bears a Figured label, indicating that it served as the model for
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD196FFF836B7094601EE4FB02" author="Mathews" box="[268,453,1134,1156]" firstAuthor="Mathews" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="226 - 406" refId="ref129909" refString="Mathews, G. M. 1926. The birds of Australia, 12 (6 - 9): 226 - 406, pls. 571 - 595. London: H. F. &amp; G. Witherby." type="journal article" year="1926">Mathews (1926</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 730, opp. p. 314; text p. 315), where it is described but not said to be the type. By 1913,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD196FFF83687C94A71FDFFB5B" author="Mathews" firstAuthor="Mathews" page="309" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" refId="ref129354" refString="Mathews, G. M. 1913 a. A list of the birds of Australia. London: Witherby and Co., 453 pp." type="book" year="1913" yearSuffix="a">Mathews (1913a: 309)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF196FFF836BD294C91D4AFB5B" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[430,619,1223,1245]" class="Aves" family="Ptilonorhynchidae" genus="Ailuroedus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassirostris">
<emphasis id="B945392E196FFF836BD294C91D4AFB5B" box="[430,619,1223,1245]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">A. crassirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
monotypic and
<emphasis id="B945392E196FFF836B6494EA1E4EFB7D" box="[280,367,1252,1275]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">blaauwi</emphasis>
a synonym.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C196FFF836A06950D1E25F9E6" blockId="80.[93,619,389,1632]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
There is still much discussion as to whether
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF196FFF836A21952E1E72FAB1" baseAuthorityName="G.R.Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[93,339,1312,1335]" class="Aves" family="Ptilonorhynchidae" genus="Ailuroedus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanotis">
<emphasis id="B945392E196FFF836A21952E1E72FAB1" box="[93,339,1312,1335]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Ailuroedus melanotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be considered a species separate from
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF196FFF836BD795311D45FAD2" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[427,612,1343,1364]" class="Aves" family="Ptilonorhynchidae" genus="Ailuroedus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassirostris">
<emphasis id="B945392E196FFF836BD795311D45FAD2" box="[427,612,1343,1364]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">A. crassirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD196FFF836A2195521D35FAF4" author="Schodde and Mason" box="[93,532,1372,1394]" firstAuthor="Schodde" page="622 - 624" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" refId="ref136218" refString="Schodde, R., and I. J. Mason. 1999. The directory of Australian birds. Passerines. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing, 851 pp." type="book" year="1999">Schodde and Mason (1999: 622624)</bibRefCitation>
gave a thorough discussion of the various treatments and combined the populations in a single species; this was followed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD196FFF836B8F95BB1FC2FA6F" author="Dickinson" firstAuthor="Dickinson" page="427" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" refId="ref122474" refString="Dickinson, E. C. 2003. The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world, 3 rd ed. London: Christopher Helm, 1039 pp." type="book" year="2003">Dickinson (2003: 427)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD196FFF836A9395DD1FAEF981" author="Christidis and Boles" firstAuthor="Christidis" page="179 - 180" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" refId="ref121278" refString="Christidis, L., and W. E. Boles. 2008. Systematics and taxonomy of Australian birds. Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing, viii + 277 pp." type="book" year="2008">Christidis and Boles (2008: 179 180)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD196FFF836AAD95FF1D0BF981" author="Frith and Frith" box="[209,554,1521,1543]" firstAuthor="Frith" page="394" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="393 - 403" refId="ref123363" refString="Frith, C. B., and D. W. Frith. 2009 a. Family Ptilonorhynchidae (bowerbirds). Species accounts. In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott and D. A. Christie (editors). Handbook of the birds of the world. Vol. 14, Bush-shrikes to Old World sparrows: 393 - 403. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 893 pp, 51 pls., photographs." type="book chapter" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">Frith and Frith (2009a: 394)</bibRefCitation>
have followed earlier authors and treated them as separate species, and their treatment is followed here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>