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<document id="A2DA7B4E5FD0452C3C7210C59E24CE30" ID-CLB-Dataset="7639" ID-DOI="10.1206/885.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48769858-fe3b-415b-9ac8-3feeb42a9bae" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4629954" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615992553244" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lecroy, Mary" docDate="2014" docId="0398542A195BFFB76A01934F1CB0FCB8" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2014.393.1-165.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2014 (393)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Epimachus fastosus subsp. stresemanni Hartert" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="100" masterDocId="FFA12C52193FFFD36A7C900E1F21FF86" masterDocTitle="Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae" masterLastPageNumber="165" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="100" updateTime="1698933641009" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4782B7DE0D46FF3AD2806506C91DF6AB">Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A9B007F8B484F5660E0F449B6D74EDA8">Lecroy, Mary</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0398542A195BFFB76A01934F1CB0FCB8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4630303" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180667602" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4630303" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398542A195BFFB76A01934F1CB0FCB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0398542A195BFFB76A01934F1CB0FCB8" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">
<subSubSection id="C32BB6B7195BFFB76A01934F1D6AFCD1" box="[125,587,833,856]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C195BFFB76A01934F1D6AFCD1" blockId="100.[125,587,833,856]" box="[125,587,833,856]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">
<heading id="D0C65250195BFFB76A01934F1D6AFCD1" box="[125,587,833,856]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF195BFFB76A01934F1D6AFCD1" authority="Hartert" authorityName="Hartert" box="[125,587,833,856]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Epimachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fastosus" subSpecies="stresemanni">
<emphasis id="B945392E195BFFB76A01934F1D6AFCD1" bold="true" box="[125,587,833,856]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B945392E195BFFB76A01934F1ECAFCD1" bold="true" box="[125,491,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">Epimachus fastosus stresemanni</emphasis>
Hartert
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32BB6B7195BFFB76A2193611FD1FBC6" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C195BFFB76A2193611E38FC1B" blockId="100.[93,620,879,1088]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB21C212195BFFB76A2193611E38FC1B" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D195BFFB76A2193611E34FC1B" author="Hartert, E." page="34" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" year="1930">
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF195BFFB76A2193611E34FC1B" authority="Hartert, 1930: 34 (Schraderberg)" authorityName="Hartert" authorityYear="1930" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Epimachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fastosus" subSpecies="stresemanni">
<emphasis id="B945392E195BFFB76A2193611E89FC04" box="[93,424,879,899]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">Epimachus fastosus stresemanni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD195BFFB76BCE937E1D4DFC04" author="Hartert" box="[434,620,879,899]" firstAuthor="Hartert" page="34" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" pagination="27 - 128" refId="ref126116" refString="Hartert, E. 1930. III. List of the birds collected by Ernst Mayr. Novitates Zoologicae 36: 27 - 128." type="journal article" year="1930">Hartert, 1930: 34</bibRefCitation>
(Schraderberg)
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C195BFFB76A2193A81FD1FBC6" blockId="100.[93,620,879,1088]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB21C212195BFFB76A2193A81FD1FBC6" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">
Now
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF195BFFB76AE093AB1E2BFC52" ID-CoL="5H523" authority="Rothschild and Hartert, 1911" authorityName="Rothschild and Hartert" authorityYear="1911" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Epimachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fastosus" subSpecies="atratus">
<emphasis id="B945392E195BFFB76AE093AB1E9BFC3E" box="[156,442,933,953]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">Epimachus fastosus atratus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD195BFFB76BBA93A81E2BFC52" author="Rothschild and Hartert" firstAuthor="Rothschild" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" pagination="159 - 160" refId="ref135330" refString="Rothschild, W., and E. Hartert. 1911. Preliminary descriptions of some new birds from central New Guinea. Novitates Zoologicae 18: 159 - 160." type="journal article" year="1911">Rothschild and Hartert, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. See
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D195BFFB76B3893CF1D24FC52" author="Mayr, E." box="[324,517,961,980]" page="191" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD195BFFB76B3893CF1D24FC52" author="Mayr" box="[324,517,961,980]" firstAuthor="Mayr" page="191" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" pagination="181 - 204" refId="ref130639" refString="Mayr, E. 1962 d. Family Paradisaeidae. In E. Mayr and J. C. Greenway, Jr. (editors). 1962. Checklist of birds of the world, 15: 181 - 204. Cambridge, MA: Museum of Comparative Zoology, x + 315 pp." type="book chapter" year="1962" yearSuffix="d">Mayr, 1962d: 191</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D195BFFB7686F93CF1E31FC69" author="Gilliard, E. T." page="137" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD195BFFB7686F93CF1E31FC69" author="Gilliard" firstAuthor="Gilliard" page="137 - 141" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" refId="ref123770" refString="Gilliard, E. T. 1969. Birds of paradise and bower birds. Garden City, NY: Natural History Press, xxii + 485 pp, pls, 32 photographs." type="book" year="1969">Gilliard, 1969: 137141</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D195BFFB76B6193D21D31FC69" author="Diamond, J. M." box="[285,528,988,1007]" page="31" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD195BFFB76B6193D21D31FC69" author="Diamond" box="[285,528,988,1007]" firstAuthor="Diamond" page="31 - 36" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref122286" refString="Diamond, J. M. 1969. Preliminary results of an ornithological exploration of the North Coastal Range, New Guinea. American Museum Novitates 2362: 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="1969">Diamond, 1969: 3136</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D195BFFB7686193D21E35FB8C" author="Coates, B. J." page="444" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD195BFFB7686193D21E35FB8C" author="Coates" firstAuthor="Coates" page="444 - 445" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" refId="ref121312" refString="Coates, B. J. 1990. The birds of Papua New Guinea. Vol. 2. Passerines. Alderley, Queensland: Dove Publications Pty., 576 pp, photographs." type="book" year="1990">Coates, 1990: 444445</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D195BFFB76B5993F91ED1FB8C" author="Cracraft, J." box="[293,496,1015,1034]" page="19" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD195BFFB76B5993F91ED1FB8C" author="Cracraft" box="[293,496,1015,1034]" firstAuthor="Cracraft" page="19" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref121493" refString="Cracraft, J. 1992. The species of the birds-ofparadise (Paradisaeidae): applying the phylogenetic species concept to a complex pattern of diversification. Cladistics 8: 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="1992">Cracraft, 1992: 19</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D195BFFB7687D93F91E55FBA3" author="Frith, C. B. &amp; B. M. Beehler" page="357" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD195BFFB7687D93F91E55FBA3" author="Frith and Beehler" firstAuthor="Frith" page="357 - 365" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" refId="ref123229" refString="Frith, C. B., and B. M. Beehler. 1998. The birds of paradise Paradisaeidae. Oxford: Oxford University Press, xxx + 613 pp, 15 pls, black-and-white illustrations, maps, sonograms." type="book" year="1998">Frith and Beehler, 1998: 357365</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; and
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D195BFFB76BC5941C1FCDFBC6" author="Frith, C. B. &amp; D. W. Frith" page="479" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD195BFFB76BC5941C1FCDFBC6" author="Frith and Frith" firstAuthor="Frith" page="479" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" pagination="461 - 492" refId="ref123444" refString="Frith, C. B., and D. W. Frith. 2009 b. Family Paradisaeidae (birds-of-paradise). Species accounts. In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott and D. A. Christie (editors). Handbook of the birds of the world. Vol. 14, Bush-shrikes to Old World sparrows: 461 - 492. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 893 pp, 51 pls., photographs." type="book chapter" year="2009" yearSuffix="b">Frith and Frith, 2009b: 479</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32BB6B7195BFFB76A0694561EFFFA82" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C195BFFB76A0694561EFFFA82" blockId="100.[93,620,1112,1759]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">
<materialsCitation id="3B59EF61195BFFB76A0694561EFFFA82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3059913785" collectingDate="1913-06-13" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Papua New Guinea" county="From" latitude="-5.0" location="Schrader Mountain" longLatPrecision="783" longitude="144.05" municipality="Joseph Burgers" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" specimenCode="AMNH 677964" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Madang" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="548A5B9E195BFFB76A0694561FDBFBE8" box="[122,250,1112,1136]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="B945392E195BFFB76B6D94571EEDFBE8" bold="true" box="[273,460,1113,1134]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">
<specimenCode id="DB974D47195BFFB76B6D94571EEDFBE8" box="[273,460,1113,1134]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">AMNH 677964</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
, adult male, collected on
<location id="8EEEB3E7195BFFB76A8794791EC4FB0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398542A195BFFB76A01934F1CB0FCB8:8EEEB3E7195BFFB76A8794791EC4FB0B" box="[251,485,1143,1165]" country="Papua New Guinea" county="From" latitude="-5.0" longLatPrecision="783" longitude="144.05" municipality="Joseph Burgers" name="Schrader Mountain" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" stateProvince="Madang">Schrader Mountain</location>
(= Schraderberg),
<geoCoordinate id="EE0583FB195BFFB76AA1949B1E0FFB2D" box="[221,302,1173,1195]" degrees="05.00" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" precision="555" value="-5.0">05.00S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0583FB195BFFB76B35949B1E86FB2D" box="[329,423,1173,1195]" degrees="144.05" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" precision="555" value="144.05">144.05E</geoCoordinate>
(PNG, 1984),
<collectingRegion id="49F52BDE195BFFB76A2194BC1E17FB4E" box="[93,310,1202,1224]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Madang" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">Madang Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F326A5AC195BFFB76B3B94BD1D1BFB4E" box="[327,570,1202,1224]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, on
<date id="FF8FC3FC195BFFB76A2194DE1FDDFB63" box="[93,252,1232,1254]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" value="1913-06-13">
<collectingDate id="EFCB3A14195BFFB76A2194DE1FDDFB63" box="[93,252,1232,1254]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" value="1913-06-13">13 June 1913</collectingDate>
</date>
, by
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEA7F46195BFFB76B5394DE1EC3FB60" box="[303,482,1232,1254]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">Joseph Bürgers</collectingMunicipality>
(no. 2094).
<collectingCounty id="62EF9DB0195BFFB76A2194E01FBEFA85" box="[93,159,1262,1283]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">From</collectingCounty>
the Rothschild Collection.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32BB6B7195BFFB76A0695041CB0FCB8" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C195BFFB76A0695041CCEFE5E" blockId="100.[93,620,1112,1759]" lastBlockId="100.[667,1193,213,830]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">
COMMENTS: In the original description, Hartert mentioned that Bürgers had collected
<specimenCount id="9D372EB5195BFFB76A2195461FDBFADB" box="[93,250,1351,1373]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" type="generic">17 specimens</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF195BFFB76B5095491D2EFADA" baseAuthorityName="Hermann" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[300,527,1351,1374]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Epimachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fastosus">
<emphasis id="B945392E195BFFB76B5095491D2EFADA" box="[300,527,1351,1374]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">Epimachus fastosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the Schraderberg and that
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD195BFFB76B1A956B1FA0FA1E" author="Stresemann" firstAuthor="Stresemann" page="34 - 35" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref137564" refString="Stresemann, E. 1923. Dr. Burgers' ornithologische Ausbeute im Stromgebiet des Sepik. Archiv fur Naturgischichte 89 (7): 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1923">Stresemann (1923: 34 35)</bibRefCitation>
had reported on the collection. Hartert designated Bürgers adult male specimen no. 2094 as the
<typeStatus id="548A5B9E195BFFB76B4095B01E82FA52" box="[316,419,1470,1492]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="B945392E195BFFB76BA295B11D42FA52" box="[478,611,1471,1492]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">stresemanni</emphasis>
. Two specimens listed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD195BFFB76BED95D21FA3F989" author="Stresemann" firstAuthor="Stresemann" page="34" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref137564" refString="Stresemann, E. 1923. Dr. Burgers' ornithologische Ausbeute im Stromgebiet des Sepik. Archiv fur Naturgischichte 89 (7): 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1923">Stresemann (1923: 34)</bibRefCitation>
have no Bürgers numbers given. These are probably the two specimens now in AMNH. According to Rothschilds partial list of exchanges in the AMNH Department of Ornithology Archives, he received two specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF195BFFB76B7C96831EEDF925" box="[256,460,1677,1700]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Epimachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrata">
<emphasis id="B945392E195BFFB76B7C96831EEDF925" box="[256,460,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">Epimachus atrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on exchange from ZMB on
<date id="FF8FC3FC195BFFB76B6896A21ECAF947" box="[276,491,1707,1729]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" value="1921-09-03">3 September 1921</date>
, and these were probably not available to Stresemann when his manuscript was readied for publication. The
<typeStatus id="548A5B9E195BFFB7694490FD1C88FE8E" box="[824,937,243,264]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are
<emphasis id="B945392E195BFFB7699190FC1B88FE81" bold="true" box="[1005,1193,242,263]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">AMNH 677965</emphasis>
(Bürgers no. 1730), immature male, collected on the Schraderberg on
<date id="FF8FC3FC195BFFB769C891201B6EFEC5" box="[948,1103,302,323]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" value="1913-05-27">27 May 1913</date>
, as well as the
<specimenCount id="9D372EB5195BFFB7688091451CBFFEE7" box="[764,926,331,353]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
that were in ZMB.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD195BFFB768E791671C89FEF9" author="Steinheimer" box="[667,936,361,383]" firstAuthor="Steinheimer" page="15" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref137077" refString="Steinheimer, F. D. 2005. The type specimens of Paradisaeidae, Cnemophilidae and Ptilonorhynchidae (Aves) in the Museum fur Naturkunde of the Humboldt-University of Berlin. Zootaxa 1072: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="2005">Steinheimer (2005: 15)</bibRefCitation>
found that there are now only
<specimenCount id="9D372EB5195BFFB7696291891C98FE1B" box="[798,953,391,413]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">14 paratypes</specimenCount>
in ZMB, with the missing specimen apparently the immature male with Bürgers no. 2022.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C195BFFB768C491EF1CDEFD41" blockId="100.[667,1193,213,830]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">
The sex of the
<typeStatus id="548A5B9E195BFFB7690791EF1CC3FE70" box="[891,994,481,502]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
in AMNH had been recorded on the Rothschild Collection label as female, but an upside-down female symbol (= s) is used on the original label of both the adult male
<typeStatus id="548A5B9E195BFFB769BD92561B06FDE8" box="[961,1063,600,622]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and this
<typeStatus id="548A5B9E195BFFB768E792781C27FD0D" box="[667,774,630,651]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. The AMNH number of the
<typeStatus id="548A5B9E195BFFB76E17927B1DECFD2F" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was given incorrectly as 6777964 by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD195BFFB768E792BF1CDBFD41" author="Frith and Beehler" box="[667,1018,689,711]" firstAuthor="Frith" page="360" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" refId="ref123229" refString="Frith, C. B., and B. M. Beehler. 1998. The birds of paradise Paradisaeidae. Oxford: Oxford University Press, xxx + 613 pp, 15 pls, black-and-white illustrations, maps, sonograms." type="book" year="1998">Frith and Beehler (1998: 360)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C195BFFB768C492DE1CB0FCB8" blockId="100.[667,1193,213,830]" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">
Long considered a poorly differentiated subspecies,
<emphasis id="B945392E195BFFB7694D92E01C96FC85" box="[817,951,750,771]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">stresemanni</emphasis>
was synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF195BFFB768A593051C3EFCA6" box="[729,799,779,800]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Epimachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrata">
<emphasis id="B945392E195BFFB768A593051C3EFCA6" box="[729,799,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="100">atrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD195BFFB7692C93051B12FCA7" author="Cracraft" box="[848,1075,779,801]" firstAuthor="Cracraft" page="19" pageId="100" pageNumber="100" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref121493" refString="Cracraft, J. 1992. The species of the birds-ofparadise (Paradisaeidae): applying the phylogenetic species concept to a complex pattern of diversification. Cladistics 8: 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="1992">Cracraft (1992: 19)</bibRefCitation>
and later authors have agreed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>