183 lines
22 KiB
XML
183 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="2F7364306EBF6FB52B2E1909BE3D8888" ID-CLB-Dataset="7639" ID-DOI="10.1206/885.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48769858-fe3b-415b-9ac8-3feeb42a9bae" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4629954" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1615992553244" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lecroy, Mary" docDate="2014" docId="0398542A1950FFA3696F925E1CCCFDD4" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2014.393.1-165.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2014 (393)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.10:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Paradisea minor var. albescens Musschenbroek" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="112" masterDocId="FFA12C52193FFFD36A7C900E1F21FF86" masterDocTitle="Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae" masterLastPageNumber="165" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="111" updateTime="1736169089977" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="926EA4213ACA7AE45D22AFC75ADF2CDF">Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D77EF0637B60C5D29D1B0B165E3BF443">Lecroy, Mary</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0FE1425E6B3367C860A6ADA218DA0FAD">Department of Vertebrate Zoology (Ornithology) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="6F700FE99F6950A165A9107C5DD5449B">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="214360D4E4767D729DE6192239932F89" type="DOI">10.1206/885.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0398542A1950FFA3696F925E1CCCFDD4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4630345" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180667495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4630345" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398542A1950FFA3696F925E1CCCFDD4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0398542A1950FFA3696F925E1CCCFDD4" lastPageId="112" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" scope_family="Ptilonorhynchidae" scope_order="Passeriformes">
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<subSubSection id="C32BB6B71950FFBC696F925E1B3FFD05" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8EE53C1950FFBC696F925E1B3FFD05" blockId="111.[787,1142,592,643]" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">
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<heading id="D0C652501950FFBC696F925E1B3FFD05" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1950FFBC696F925E1B3FFD05" authority="Musschenbroek" authorityName="Musschenbroek" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Paradisea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="minor" variety="albescens">
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<emphasis id="B945392E1950FFBC696F925E1B3FFD05" bold="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">
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<emphasis id="B945392E1950FFBC696F925E1CEEFDE0" bold="true" box="[787,975,592,615]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">Paradisea minor</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B945392E1950FFBC6E71925E1B57FDE1" bold="true" box="[1037,1142,592,615]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">albescens</emphasis>
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Musschenbroek
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32BB6B71950FFBC68C192951CEAFD4F" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8EE53C1950FFBC68C192951CEAFD4F" blockId="111.[701,1228,667,713]" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB21C2121950FFBC68C192951CEAFD4F" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D1950FFBC68C192951C1DFD4F" author="Musschenbroek, S. C. J. W. van" page="186" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" year="1883">
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1950FFBC68C192951C1DFD4F" authority="Musschenbroek, 1883: 186" authorityName="Musschenbroek" authorityPageNumber="186" authorityYear="1883" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Paradisea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="minor" variety="albescens">
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<emphasis id="B945392E1950FFBC68C192951C4DFD28" box="[701,876,667,687]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">Paradisea minor</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B945392E1950FFBC69CF92951B30FD29" box="[947,1041,667,687]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">albescens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1950FFBC6E5C92951C1DFD4F" author="Musschenbroek" firstAuthor="Musschenbroek" page="186" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref131845" refString="Musschenbroek, S. C. J. W. van. 1883. Dagboek van Dr. H. A. Bernstein's laatsts reis van Ternate naar Nieuw-Guinea, Salawati en Batanta 17 October 1864 - 19 April 1865. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indie 31 [(4) 7]: 1 - 258." type="journal article" year="1883">Musschenbroek, 1883: 186</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(no locality).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32BB6B71950FFBC68A692EE1C86FCE8" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8EE53C1950FFBC68A692EE1C86FCE8" blockId="111.[701,1228,736,1759]" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">
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<typeStatus id="548A5B9E1950FFBC68A692EE1C7BFD71" box="[730,858,736,760]" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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:
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<emphasis id="B945392E1950FFBC691092EC1B03FD71" bold="true" box="[876,1058,738,759]" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">
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<collectionCode id="ED207DF91950FFBC691092EC1CE7FD71" box="[876,966,738,759]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">AMNH</collectionCode>
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679104
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</emphasis>
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. Listed as the type of
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<emphasis id="B945392E1950FFBC696692F11CA2FC90" box="[794,899,767,790]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">albescens</emphasis>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1950FFBC69CF930E1BB7FC90" author="Hartert" box="[947,1174,768,790]" firstAuthor="Hartert" page="128" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" pagination="123 - 178" refId="ref125804" refString="Hartert, E. 1919. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the general collection. Novitates Zoologicae 26: 123 - 178." type="journal article" year="1919">Hartert (1919: 128)</bibRefCitation>
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and noted as an artifact. See also
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1950FFBC6E3093131C1FFCD6" author="Rothschild" firstAuthor="Rothschild" page="54" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" pagination="54" refId="ref134071" refString="Rothschild, W. 1897 c. [Mr. Rothschild made further remarks on Prof. Steere's type of Paradisea minor, var. albescens, Musschenbr.]. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6: 54." type="journal article" year="1897" yearSuffix="c">Rothschild (1897c: 54</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1950FFBC692F93341C9CFCD6" author="Rothschild" box="[851,957,826,848]" firstAuthor="Rothschild" page="48" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" refId="ref134176" refString="Rothschild, W. 1898. Paradiseidae. In A. Reichenow (editor). Das Tierreich. 2 Lieferung. Aves: pp. vi + 52 pp., 15 text figs. Berlin: Friedlander und Sohn." type="book" year="1898">1898: 48</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1950FFBC6E6C93341C83FCE8" author="Rothschild and Hartert" firstAuthor="Rothschild" page="81" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" pagination="65 - 89" refId="ref135237" refString="Rothschild, W., and E. Hartert. 1903 a. Notes on Papuan birds. VII. Paradiseidae. Novitates Zoologicae 10: 65 - 89." type="journal article" year="1903" yearSuffix="a">Rothschild and Hartert (1903a: 81)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32BB6B71950FFA368A6937A1CCCFDD4" lastPageId="112" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8EE53C1950FFBC68A6937A1DC9FA8E" blockId="111.[701,1228,736,1759]" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">
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COMMENTS:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1950FFBC690593781DCEFC2F" author="Musschenbroek" firstAuthor="Musschenbroek" page="185 - 188" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref131845" refString="Musschenbroek, S. C. J. W. van. 1883. Dagboek van Dr. H. A. Bernstein's laatsts reis van Ternate naar Nieuw-Guinea, Salawati en Batanta 17 October 1864 - 19 April 1865. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indie 31 [(4) 7]: 1 - 258." type="journal article" year="1883">Musschenbroek (1883: 185– 188)</bibRefCitation>
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was interested in documenting albino birds of paradise that had been mentioned many years before by Valentyne. Having seen the above specimen then owned by J.B. Steere of the
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<collectingCountry id="F326A5AC1950FFBC691C94061B25FB9B" box="[864,1028,1032,1054]" name="United States of America" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">United States</collectingCountry>
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, he decided that it was of a generally pale color but not completely white. He thought that this sort of occurrence was not unique and that such a specimen should be described as a variety of
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1950FFBC68C194951C00FB36" authorityName="C. H. Wright" authorityYear="1895" box="[701,801,1179,1200]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Paradisea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="B945392E1950FFBC68C194951C00FB36" box="[701,801,1179,1200]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">P. minor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, so he applied the name
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<emphasis id="B945392E1950FFBC6E3F94941B8DFB37" box="[1091,1196,1178,1201]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">albescens</emphasis>
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to it. A. de Voogt and H. van Grouw very kindly translated the Dutch description for me.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8EE53C1950FFBC68A7951F1C11F900" blockId="111.[701,1228,736,1759]" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">
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This formerly mounted specimen is in fact an immature male
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1950FFBC69E695231B42FAC2" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1809" box="[922,1123,1325,1348]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Paradisaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="111" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="B945392E1950FFBC69E695231B42FAC2" box="[922,1123,1325,1348]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">Paradisaea minor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that still retains the white belly of the femalelike plumage but has the brilliant head coloration of the adult male. It does not now have the elongated tail wires that immature males in similar plumage in the AMNH collection possess. Adult male flank plumes have been inserted into the sides of the specimen. One of these that has become detatched shows that the end of the feather has been sharply cut off at an angle before it was inserted into the specimen.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8EE53C1950FFA368A796811E22FEC4" blockId="111.[701,1228,736,1759]" lastBlockId="112.[93,620,213,1759]" lastPageId="112" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="111" pageNumber="111">
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Apparently Steere had been told that the specimen came from the Aru Islands, for that locality is written with a ‘‘?’’ on the UMMZ label. However,
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF194FFFA36B5F90DB1EABFF6C" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1809" box="[291,394,213,234]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Paradisaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="112" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="B945392E194FFFA36B5F90DB1EABFF6C" box="[291,394,213,234]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">P. minor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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does not occur in the Aru Islands, and Hartert thought that the plumes were those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF194FFFA36B21911E1D0BFEA0" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1897" box="[349,554,271,294]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Paradisaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="112" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="minor" subSpecies="jobiensis">
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<emphasis id="B945392E194FFFA36B21911E1D0BFEA0" box="[349,554,271,294]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">P. minor jobiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Yapen Island.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8EE53C194FFFA36A0691451D2EFB98" blockId="112.[93,620,213,1759]" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">
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The following appears to be the history of this specimen. It was purchased by Steere on his way home from his long first expedition, 1870–1875. From the link provided me by J. Hinshaw (UMMZ) (http://www.lsa.umich. edu/ummz/birds/collections/steereitinerary.pdf) I was able to ascertain that Steere, having tried unsuccessfully to purchase bird of paradise skins in
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<collectingCountry id="F326A5AC194FFFA36B2D923A1EEBFDCC" box="[337,458,564,586]" name="Singapore" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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, decided to make a trip to
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<collectingRegion id="49F52BDE194FFFA36B63925C1EA5FDEE" box="[287,388,594,616]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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and the
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<collectingCountry id="F326A5AC194FFFA36B86925C1D4AFDEE" box="[506,619,594,616]" name="Indonesia" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
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for the purpose. On 18–25 of
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<date id="FF8FC3FC194FFFA36BB092611D64FD03" box="[460,581,623,645]" pageId="112" pageNumber="112" value="1875-05">May 1875</date>
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he purchased bird of paradise specimens at Makassar,
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<collectingRegion id="49F52BDE194FFFA36AA292A71E64FD39" box="[222,325,681,703]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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, and then visited
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<collectingCountry id="F326A5AC194FFFA3686D92A41D4DFD39" box="[529,620,682,703]" name="Indonesia" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">Ternate</collectingCountry>
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and Amboina before arriving on 12 July at Manado,
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<collectingRegion id="49F52BDE194FFFA36AAA92EA1E1CFD7C" box="[214,317,740,762]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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, where he bought more specimens (birds of paradise not specifically mentioned). He might have purchased the AMNH specimen of
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<emphasis id="B945392E194FFFA36B2E93351E9AFCD4" box="[338,443,827,850]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">albescens</emphasis>
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in any of these islands. There was at this time active trade taking place between many of the Indonesian islands and both north and south coasts of western New
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<collectingCountry id="F326A5AC194FFFA36A8793BF1E75FC41" box="[251,340,945,967]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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. Bird skins were among the items sought and artifacts such as this specimen were later prepared and offered for sale widely in the Indonesian islands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8EE53C194FFFA36A0694291D02FAA0" blockId="112.[93,620,213,1759]" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">
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It was undoubtedly at Manado that Steere met Musschenbroek, who was a
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<collectingCountry id="F326A5AC194FFFA36B98944A1F85FBF1" name="Indonesia" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">Dutch East Indies</collectingCountry>
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official stationed at Manado in 1875– 1876 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD194FFFA36AD494701D1EFB12" author="van Steenis-Kruseman" box="[168,575,1150,1172]" firstAuthor="van Steenis-Kruseman" page="378" pageId="112" pageNumber="112" pagination="1 - 639" refId="ref139210" refString="van Steenis-Kruseman, M. J. 1950. Malaysian plant collectors and collections being a cyclopaedia of botanical exploration in Malaysia and a guide to the concerned literature up to the year 1950. Flora Malesiana 1 (1): 1 - 639, photographs." type="journal article" year="1950">van Steenis-Kruseman, 1950: 378</bibRefCitation>
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). It was not until 1883 that Musschenbroek published the name
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<emphasis id="B945392E194FFFA36B2C94B61E98FB49" box="[336,441,1208,1231]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">albescens</emphasis>
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in his account of Bernstein’s last trip from
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<collectingCountry id="F326A5AC194FFFA36BD394D91D28FB6A" box="[431,521,1239,1260]" name="Indonesia" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">Ternate</collectingCountry>
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to New
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<collectingCountry id="F326A5AC194FFFA36A2194FD1F94FA8F" box="[93,181,1267,1289]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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, but said that he based his description on Steere’s specimen that he had seen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C194FFFA36A0695211D27FA72" blockId="112.[93,620,213,1759]" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">
|
||
The specimen bears a UMMZ label with number B226a and its reverse has the following note signed by D.C. Worcester (who accompanied Steere on a subsequent expedition): ‘‘Dr. Steere states that this specimen is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A5B9E194FFFA36B3C95CF1E53FA50" box="[320,370,1473,1494]" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF194FFFA36BCA95CC1FE7FA72" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Paradisaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="112" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="minor" variety="albescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945392E194FFFA36BCA95CC1D09FA51" box="[438,552,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">P. minor</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945392E194FFFA36A2195D31FE7FA72" box="[93,198,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">albescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Original label destroyed.’’
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C194FFFA36A0695F31C3EFED9" blockId="112.[93,620,213,1759]" lastBlockId="112.[667,1194,213,527]" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">J. Hinshaw (personal commun.) provided me with the following information. When the specimens from Steere’s first expedition were unpacked they were given ‘‘B226’’ numbers, probably beginning in 1879–1880, but were not identified as to species. There is no information in the catalog to indicate that this specimen ever left UMMZ. When the UMMZ collection was computerized, this ‘‘B226’’ number was given no. 25795, and it appears under that number in their database. The AMNH number has been cross-referenced to it.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C194FFFA368C491691B62FD89" blockId="112.[667,1194,213,527]" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">
|
||
Musschenbroek introduced the name
|
||
<emphasis id="B945392E194FFFA36EF791691DCEFE1D" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">albescens</emphasis>
|
||
in 1883, after the bird had been cataloged at UMMZ. I have been unable to trace exactly when it was acquired by Rothschild, but it was in Rothschild’s possession by 1897 (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD194FFFA3694991F71B17FD89" author="Rothschild" box="[821,1078,505,527]" firstAuthor="Rothschild" page="54" pageId="112" pageNumber="112" pagination="54" refId="ref134071" refString="Rothschild, W. 1897 c. [Mr. Rothschild made further remarks on Prof. Steere's type of Paradisea minor, var. albescens, Musschenbr.]. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 6: 54." type="journal article" year="1897" yearSuffix="c">Rothschild, 1897c: 54</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C194FFFA3692A92331CCCFDD4" blockId="112.[854,1005,573,594]" box="[854,1005,573,594]" pageId="112" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF194FFFA3692A92331CCCFDD4" box="[854,1005,573,594]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="112" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">CORVIDAE</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |