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<mods:title id="A087CED8585AE885EBBF993C0AA067F4">Unraveling the Enigma of Androcalymma (Fabaceae: Dialioideae): The Rediscovery of a Critically Endangered Legume Genus in the Heart of the Amazon</mods:title>
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Dwyer. Ann.
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Missouri Bot. Gard. 44(4): 295–297 (1957[1958]). 
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Dwyer. Ann.
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Missouri Bot. Gard. 44(4): 295–297 (1958). 
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<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFD5FF9EAA1EF91FFC67F905" box="[822,941,1736,1758]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="6.[136,234,1794,1816]" captionStartId-1="7.[136,234,1922,1944]" captionStartId-2="8.[136,234,1895,1917]" captionStartId-3="9.[136,234,1333,1355]" captionStartId-4="10.[136,234,1813,1835]" captionTargetBox-0="[223,1369,199,1753]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1433,193,1896]" captionTargetBox-2="[154,1433,193,1868]" captionTargetBox-3="[153,1433,192,1307]" captionTargetBox-4="[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetId-0="figure-26@6.[202,1386,190,1769]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@7.[151,1435,190,1898]" captionTargetId-2="figure-26@8.[151,1435,190,1871]" captionTargetId-3="figure-19@9.[151,1435,190,1309]" captionTargetId-4="figure-26@10.[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionTargetPageId-4="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Androcalymma glabrifolium.A. Leaf; B.Axillary bud at the base of the leaf; C. Detail of the petiolule and base of the terminal leaflet; D. Inflorescence; E. Immature flower bud; F. Flower bud at pre-anthesis; G. Flower, polar view; H. Flower, side view; I. Abaxial sepal; J–K. The two adaxial sepals; L. One of the two lateral sepals; M. Flower without petals and stamens, polar view; N. Flower in pre-anthesis without sepals and petals, lateral view; O. Stamen, side view; P.Anther with open pores, frontal view; Q. Tip of the apiculate filament without anther; R. Longitudinal cut of the carpel showing three ovules; S. Detail of the stigma; T. Young fruit.A–T: Falcão, M.J. 265; Drawn by M. Falc„o." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Androcalymma glabrifolium. A. Emergent tree; B. Detail of the base of the trunk; C. Detail of the bark; D. Cut section of the bark; E. Detail of the branch showing the insertion of leaves and small axillary buds; F. Detail of fallen branch with leaves and inflorescences; G. Leaf detail; H. Leaflet detail, adaxial side; I. Leaflets detail, abaxial side. Scale bar.A–B, F: 10 cm; C, G–I: 4 cm; D–E: 1 cm. A–I: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Androcalymma glabrifolium. A–C. Distichous thyrsoids inflorescences; D. Senescent thyrsoid with flowers presenting only sepals and carpels; E. Subthyrsoid apex with distichous cymose subunits; F–I. Flowers in anthesis, flower buds and senescent flowers containing sepals and carpel, note the inflexed anthers pointing to the gynoecium in I. Scale bar.A–D: 2 cm; E–H: 0.5 cm; I: 0.25 cm.A–I: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Androcalymma glabrifolium. A. Detail of the flower, polar view; B. side view; C. Detail of senescent flowers without petals and stamens showing the heteromorphy of the five sepaled calyx; D. Inflorescence with young fruits; E–F: Immature fruits at different sizes. Scale bar. A–C: 0.5 cm; D: 2 cm; E–F: 1 cm.A–F: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o" captionText-4="FIGURE 6. Androcalymma glabrifolium. SEM images.A. Flower bud; B–C. Flower in pre-anthesis with the perianth removed. Note the anthers covering the gynoecium but not yet inflexed; D. side view of anther still closed; E. Front and side view of a stamen at anthesis, note the inflexed anthers. F. Detail of anther with the two open pores; G. Detail of the anther still closed. H Filament with anther removed and apiculate apex; I. Detail of anther surface showing uncinate trichomes and stomata; J. Polar and equatorial view of the pollen grains; K. Side view of the carpel; L. side view of a young fruit, note the reduced wing forming at the left; M. Detail of the ovules; N. Detail of carpel surface showing uncinate and straight trichomes; O. Detail of the stigma and short style; P. Detail of the receptacle with petals, stamens and carpel removed. Note the shallow hypanthium. Scale bar.A–B, E, K–L: 500 µm; C, P: 200 µm; D, F–H, M, O: 100 µm; I: 20 µm; J: 2 µm; N: 50 µm.A–P: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129572" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129574" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129576" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129578" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129580" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8129572/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8129574/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8129576/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8129578/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/8129580/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="141">Figures 2–6</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33761B0FFD5FF9FA9A0F8DBFB96FBBB" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFD5FF9FA9A0F8DBFB96FBBB" blockId="4.[136,1451,1804,2083]" lastBlockId="5.[136,1452,158,2093]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="4" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD5FF9EA9A0F8DBFF02F8FD" bold="true" box="[136,200,1804,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="141">Trees</emphasis>
large to emergent, up to 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD5FF9EA8CAF8DBFD8CF8FC" box="[482,582,1804,1831]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30–40 m</quantity>
tall; trunk 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD5FF9EABEAF8DBFCF8F8FC" box="[706,818,1804,1831]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" unit="cm" value="40.5" valueMax="46.0" valueMin="35.0">35–46 cm</quantity>
in diameter. Buttresses strongly reduced to about 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD5FF9EAC4EF8DBFA61F8FC" box="[1382,1451,1804,1831]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
tall. Bark brown to slightly reddish, without peeling and presenting light roughness disposed of horizontal parallels lines along the entire trunk, bark internally reddish; yellow sapwood; without exudate. Branches terete, glabrous. 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD5FF9EAC71F883FA61F8B5" bold="true" box="[1369,1451,1876,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="141">Leaves</emphasis>
imparipinnate, alternate, pulvinate; (12–) 
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long; rachis (3–) 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD5FF9EAA51F8AFFC13F848" box="[889,985,1912,1939]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="4.0">4–11 cm</quantity>
long, terete, glabrous; petiole 1.7–2.5(–3) cm long, terete, glabrous; petiolules 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD5FF9EAB00F84BFDB4F86D" box="[552,638,1948,1974]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="3.0">3–8mm</quantity>
long, terete, glabrous; leaflets (3–)5–6(–7), rarely unifoliolate leaves at the bases of inflorescences, alternate to subopposite, rarely opposite, elliptical to ovate to slightly oblong, base obtuse, apex acuminate, entire margin, the larger ones with (8–)9–11(–17.5) × (3.8–)4.2–5.8(–7.8) cm, commonly the terminal leaflet a little smaller than the medial ones; completely glabrous, discolors, glossy and darker adaxially, matte and lighter abaxially, venation brochidodromous, central vein prominent abaxially, pressed adaxially. Stipules and axillary buds elliptical, 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD4FF9FA819FF15FE47FF06" box="[305,397,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
long; 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD4FF9FA8F9FF15FDB0FF07" bold="true" box="[465,634,194,220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Inflorescences</emphasis>
thyrsoids, distichous, compound, terminal or axillary, sometimes forming sinflorescences, 5–13(–16) × 2–10(–15) cm, olive to yellowish, pubescent; two bracts subtending triads of flowers or inflorescence axes, caducous, oblong to elliptical, apex obtuse to acuminate; bracteoles absent. 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD4FF9FAD8DFEDDFB33FEFF" bold="true" box="[1189,1273,266,292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Flower</emphasis>
buds globose to elliptical, 7 × 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD4FF9FA80BFEF9FEADFE92" box="[291,359,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
; pedicels 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD4FF9FA8FDFEF9FDFBFE92" box="[469,561,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
long; flower odoriferous, measuring about 1 × 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD4FF9FAD6AFEF9FBB3FE92" box="[1090,1145,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
in full anthesis; receptacle almost shallow with a short hypanthium formed by an elevation of tissue below the stamens and petals so the carpel fits into a shallow and pubescent cavity; calyx asymmetric, imbricate, heteromorphic, five sepals, free, the two lateral ones more internal, pubescent externally, glabrous internally, with uncinate trichomes at its margins, cream to greenish, the abaxial and one of the adaxial sepals darker, thicker and shorter than the others, oblong, base truncate, 3–4 × 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD4FF9FAC14FE69FAB4FE02" box="[1340,1406,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, the two lateral and the other adaxial sepals obovate, slightly unguiculate, 4–5 × 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD4FF9FAAFDFE35FB82FE26" box="[981,1096,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 mm</quantity>
, all sepals with obtuse apex and conspicuous venation, not reflexed at anthesis, forming an angle of about 45° with the receptacle, falling after the petals and stamens; corolla slightly zygomorphic, with five petals, free, imbricate, the adaxial one generally external and the two abaxial internal, sometimes each of five petals covering one of the adjacent petals, the adaxial one slightly wider than the others, white, pubescent externally, glabrous internally, oblong to obovate, margin undulated, unguiculate, 6–8 × 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD4FF9FA9B7FD41FED9FD6A" box="[159,275,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.0">2–3.5 mm</quantity>
, the central nervure visible, curved out from its middle point to its apex, not completely opening and not becoming patent at anthesis, thus forming a pseudo-tube from its base to middle portion; androecium zygomorphic, with 4 stamens, free, filaments as thicker as the anthers, 3–4 × 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD4FF9FAA4FFD09FC0BFD22" box="[871,961,734,761]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
, white, terete, slightly clavate, with sparse straight trichomes at its apex, connected to the anther by a pointed and apical apiculus; anthers oblong, 0.6–0.8 × 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD4FF9FACA0FCD5FF7CFC9A" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
, yellow, basifixed, sub-versatile, introrse, tetrasporangiate, the two external microsporangia slightly shorter than the two internal ones, poricidal, opening through two separated and apical pores on the two internal microsporangia, with uncinate trichomes at its connective and apex, the anthers inflexed downwards in direction of the carpel; pollen tricolpate, tri-porate, with perforated ornamentation; gynoecium monocarpellate, rarely bicarpellate, sessile, elliptical, laterally compressed, light green, 2.5–4 × 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD4FF9FAB58FC61FD1AFC0A" box="[624,720,950,977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
, densely pubescent, with uncinate shorter trichomes and straight longer trichomes, 1–3 ovules with parietal placentation, reduced style, glabrous, stigma punctate, with papillose surface. 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD4FF9FA9CFFC29FEFAFBC3" bold="true" box="[231,304,1022,1048]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Fruits</emphasis>
green when young, samaroid, with an adaxial reduced wing marked by a suture, laterally compressed, slightly stipitate, asymmetrical, straighter at its abaxial margin, curved adaxially, base obtuse, apex acute, sparsely pubescent 2 × 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD4FF9FA803FB91FEA8FBBA" box="[299,354,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
when immature; maximum size, seeds and seedlings still unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33761B0FFD4FF9FA995FBBDFF02FAE3" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFD4FF9FA995FBBDFF02FAE3" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD4FF9FA995FBBDFE9CFB5F" bold="true" box="[189,342,1130,1156]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Diagnosis:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD4FF9FA87EFBBDFDCAFB5F" box="[342,512,1130,1156]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD4FF9FA87EFBBDFDCAFB5F" box="[342,512,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from all other 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD4FF9FAAECFBBDFBE6FB5F" box="[964,1068,1130,1156]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
genera by the following set of characters: imparipinnate leaves; distichous compound thyrsoids, heteromorphic calyx with five sepals, the abaxial and one of the adaxial ones thicker and shorter than the others; five white petals that do not open completely at anthesis forming a pseudo-tube; four stamens with filaments apiculate at their apex and as thick as the anthers; anthers inflexed downwards to the elliptical carpel with reduced style; short hypanthium; samaroid fruits with one reduced adaxial wing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33761B0FFD4FF93A995FA95FADFF96F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFD4FF9FA995FA95FD3EF97B" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD4FF9FA995FA95FDB2FA87" bold="true" box="[189,632,1346,1372]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Distribution, Habitat, and Ecology:—</emphasis>
The species is endemic to the Brazilian state of Amazonas, the municipality of Tabatinga, in the terra firme ombrophilous dense forests of the Belem Creek, a river associated with the Alto Rio Solimıes basin (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFD4FF9FA86FFA5DFE62FA7F" box="[327,424,1418,1444]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1336,1358]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1309]" captionTargetId="figure-26@4.[164,1423,187,1309]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Androcalymma.A.Satellite map of theAltoSolimıes basinshowing the location of A.glabrifolium collections; B–D. Different phytophysiognomies found on the Belem creek region: B. Varzea forest; C–D. Terra firme primary ombrophilous forest with emergent trees like Androcalymma. Source: A. Google Maps. Photos author: M. Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129570/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Figure 1</figureCitation>
). The species occurs in clayed and humid soils. It is interesting to note that, beyond the Brazilian-Colombian border, there is a national park (Amacayacu National Park) and, accessing the collections from this area in COAH and COL herbaria in 
<collectingCountry id="F33A72ABFFD4FF9FAB73FA05FD06FA37" box="[603,716,1490,1516]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, we couldn’t find any trace of 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD4FF9FAD07FA05FB2AFA37" box="[1071,1248,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD4FF9FAD07FA05FB16FA37" box="[1071,1244,1490,1516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Androcalymma</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
with no evidence so far that the plant distribution crosses the border, even being no more than 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD4FF9FAD23FA21FB81F9CB" box="[1035,1099,1526,1552]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" unit="km" value="30.0">30km</quantity>
from the specimens collected. However, given such a small distance and the similarity between the environments on both sides of the border, it is likely that the species also occurs in 
<collectingCountry id="F33A72ABFFD4FF9FAB19F9E9FD69F983" box="[561,675,1598,1624]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Colombia</collectingCountry>
. As mentioned in Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD4FF9FAAE1F9E8FBC9F983" box="[969,1027,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">et al.</emphasis>
(2022), the association of this genus with the more humid areas of South America contrasts with several other genera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD4FF9FAD6EF9B5FB0DF9A7" box="[1094,1223,1634,1660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dialioideae">Dialioideae</taxonomicName>
and associates with 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD4FF9FA9A0F950FF30F97B" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[136,250,1671,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD4FF9FA9A0F950FF30F97B" box="[136,250,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a genus with similar ecological preferences.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFD4FF9FA995F97CFCC0F7F7" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
We found at least 
<specimenCount id="9D2BF9B2FFD4FF9FA8A0F97DFDF7F91F" box="[392,573,1706,1732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD4FF9FAB4AF97DFCC6F91F" box="[610,780,1706,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD4FF9FAB4AF97DFCC6F91F" box="[610,780,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
less than 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD4FF9FAA54F97DFC76F91F" box="[892,956,1706,1732]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" unit="m" value="200.0">200m</quantity>
apart. After seeing the first tree, it was easy to locate the others, indicating that the species is probably not rare in that area. However, it could not be found in further regions visited by us or by previous expeditions, and, even among the natives that strongly know the flora of their land, the tree was completely unknown until we found it, and its vernacular name is probably given due to wood characters similar to other known species. Such facts may indicate that, although occasional in that small pocket of forest, the genus could be rare or absent in other regions. Seeking information about Krukoff’s seventh expedition to the area, we observed that he used a destructive collection method, cutting down tall trees to facilitate obtaining flowering branches (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFD4FF9FA85AF871FDECF81B" author="Landrum, L. R." box="[370,550,1958,1984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" refId="ref13383" refString="Landrum, L. R. (1986) The life and botanical accomplishments of Boris Alexander Krukoff (1898 - 1983). New York Botanical Garden. 94 pp." type="book" year="1986">Landrum, 1986</bibRefCitation>
). As the collection of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD4FF9FAA0CF871FC04F81B" box="[804,974,1958,1984]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD4FF9FAA0CF871FC04F81B" box="[804,974,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicates a tree over 30 meters high, it is possible that this was one of the individuals who fell. Interestingly, Krukoff possibly saw only one tree and made two different collection numbers (
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD4FF9FA8FAF839FDC0F7D3" box="[466,522,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">9005</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD4FF9FAB16F839FDBCF7D3" box="[574,630,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">8827</emphasis>
) from the same specimen (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFD4FF9FAA88F839FB9AF7D3" author="Koeppen, R. C." box="[928,1104,2030,2056]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref13195" refString="Koeppen, R. C. (1963) Observations on Androcalymma (Cassieae, Caesalpiniaceae). Brittonia 15 (2): 145 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2805401" type="journal article" year="1963">Koeppen, 1963</bibRefCitation>
). So, the only tree found before our recent collections was possibly killed by its collector.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5262B3FFD7FF9CA9A0F8D5FE42F817" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129572" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8129572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129572/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="143" startId="6.[136,234,1794,1816]" targetBox="[223,1369,199,1753]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFD7FF9CA9A0F8D5FE42F817" blockId="6.[136,1452,1794,1996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD7FF9CA9A0F8D5FECBF8CC" bold="true" box="[136,257,1794,1816]" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD7FF9CA82EF8D5FDDFF8CC" box="[262,533,1794,1815]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrifolium">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD7FF9CA82EF8D5FDDFF8CC" box="[262,533,1794,1815]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">Androcalymma glabrifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Leaf; B. Axillary bud at the base of the leaf; C. Detail of the petiolule and base of the terminal leaflet; D. Inflorescence; E. Immature flower bud; F. Flower bud at pre-anthesis; G. Flower, polar view; H. Flower, side view; I. Abaxial sepal; J–K. The two adaxial sepals; L. One of the two lateral sepals; M. Flower without petals and stamens, polar view; N. Flower in pre-anthesis without sepals and petals, lateral view; O. Stamen, side view; P. Anther with open pores, frontal view; Q. Tip of the apiculate filament without anther; R. Longitudinal cut of the carpel showing three ovules; S. Detail of the stigma; T. Young fruit. A–T: 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD7FF9CAC19F845FF7EF810" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">Falcão, M.J. 265;</emphasis>
Drawn by M. Falc„o.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5262B3FFD6FF9DA9A0F855FD97F7DE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129574" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8129574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129574/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" startId="7.[136,234,1922,1944]" targetBox="[154,1433,193,1896]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFD6FF9DA9A0F855FD97F7DE" blockId="7.[136,1452,1922,2053]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD6FF9DA9A0F855FECFF84C" bold="true" box="[136,261,1922,1944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD6FF9DA83DF854FDECF843" box="[277,550,1923,1944]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrifolium">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD6FF9DA83DF854FDECF843" box="[277,550,1923,1944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Androcalymma glabrifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Emergent tree; B. Detail of the base of the trunk; C. Detail of the bark; D. Cut section of the bark; E. Detail of the branch showing the insertion of leaves and small axillary buds; F. Detail of fallen branch with leaves and inflorescences; G. Leaf detail; H. Leaflet detail, adaxial side; I. Leaflets detail, abaxial side. Scale bar. A–B, F: 10 cm; C, G–I: 4 cm; D–E: 1 cm. A–I: 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD6FF9DA9DCF838FE6BF7D8" box="[244,417,2030,2052]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Falcão, M.J. 265;</emphasis>
Photos: M. Falc„o.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5262B3FFD9FF92A9A0F8B0FE3BF832" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129576" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8129576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" startId="8.[136,234,1895,1917]" targetBox="[154,1433,193,1868]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFD9FF92A9A0F8B0FE3BF832" blockId="8.[136,1452,1895,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD9FF92A9A0F8B0FEC8F8A7" bold="true" box="[136,258,1895,1917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD9FF92A826F8B0FDD7F8A7" box="[270,541,1895,1916]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrifolium">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD9FF92A826F8B0FDD7F8A7" box="[270,541,1895,1916]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Androcalymma glabrifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A–C. Distichous thyrsoids inflorescences; D. Senescent thyrsoid with flowers presenting only sepals and carpels; E. Subthyrsoid apex with distichous cymose subunits; F–I. Flowers in anthesis, flower buds and senescent flowers containing sepals and carpel, note the inflexed anthers pointing to the gynoecium in I. Scale bar.A–D: 2 cm; E–H: 0.5 cm; I: 0.25 cm. A–I: 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD9FF92A9A0F804FEFFF833" box="[136,309,2003,2025]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Falcão, M.J. 265;</emphasis>
Photos: M. Falc„o.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5262B3FFD8FF93A9A0FAE2FBC5FA48" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129578" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8129578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129578/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" startId="9.[136,234,1333,1355]" targetBox="[153,1433,192,1307]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFD8FF93A9A0FAE2FBC5FA48" blockId="9.[136,1451,1333,1427]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD8FF93A9A0FAE2FEC8FA91" bold="true" box="[136,258,1333,1355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD8FF93A825FAE2FDD7FA91" box="[269,541,1333,1354]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrifolium">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD8FF93A825FAE2FDD7FA91" box="[269,541,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Androcalymma glabrifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Detail of the flower, polar view; B. side view; C. Detail of senescent flowers without petals and stamens showing the heteromorphy of the five sepaled calyx; D. Inflorescence with young fruits; E–F: Immature fruits at different sizes. Scale bar. A–C: 0.5 cm; D: 2 cm; E–F: 1 cm. A–F: 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD8FF93AB85FAAAFC93FA49" box="[685,857,1405,1427]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Falcão, M.J. 265;</emphasis>
Photos: M. Falc„o
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFD8FF93A995FA16FADFF96F" blockId="9.[136,1452,1473,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
The flowers are strongly odoriferous, at least during the morning, and its flower morphology indicates a possible bee pollination syndrome, similar to its sister genus 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD8FF93ABFFFA31FC85FA24" box="[727,847,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD8FF93ABFFFA31FC81FA24" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[727,843,1510,1535]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dicorynia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
with the main difference that 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD8FF93AD8DFA32FA85FA24" box="[1189,1359,1509,1535]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD8FF93AD8DFA32FA85FA24" box="[1189,1359,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flowers are smaller and may be pollinated by small species of bees. Although 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD8FF93AAE6F9DDFB8AF9F8" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[974,1088,1546,1571]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD8FF93AAE6F9DDFB8AF9F8" box="[974,1088,1546,1571]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specially 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD8FF93ADE9F9DDFC9DF993" authority="(Ducke 1932: 731) R. C. Koeppen (1967: 53)" authorityName="R. C. Koeppen" authorityPageNumber="53" authorityYear="1967" baseAuthorityName="Ducke" baseAuthorityPageNumber="731" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="paraensis" variety="macrophylla">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD8FF93ADE9F9DDFA61F9F8" box="[1217,1451,1546,1571]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Dicorynia paraensis</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD8FF93A993F9FAFE82F99C" box="[187,328,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">macrophylla</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFD8FF93A870F9FAFDEAF993" author="Ducke, A." box="[344,544,1581,1608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" pagination="720 - 749" refId="ref11877" refString="Ducke, A. (1932) Especes Nouvelles de Plantes de L'Amazonie Bresilienne. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. ser. 2. 4 (6): 720 - 749." type="journal article" year="1932">Ducke 1932: 731</bibRefCitation>
) R.C. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFD8FF93AB46F9F9FC9DF993" author="Koeppen, R. C." box="[622,855,1581,1608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" pagination="42 - 61" refId="ref13233" refString="Koeppen, R. C. (1967) Revision of Dicorynia (Cassieae, Caesalpiniaceae). Brittonia 19: 42 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2805082" type="journal article" year="1967">Koeppen (1967: 53)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, occurs relatively close to the area of occurrence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD8FF93A9A0F986FEF8F9B0" box="[136,306,1617,1643]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD8FF93A9A0F986FEF8F9B0" box="[136,306,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and with considerable abundance, being, in fact, one of the most common legume trees found by us there, they do not share environments. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD8FF93A8D1F9A1FDA1F954" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[505,619,1654,1679]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD8FF93A8D1F9A1FDA1F954" box="[505,619,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to areas close to rivers margins (varzeas) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD8FF93AC29F9A2FA61F954" box="[1281,1451,1653,1679]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD8FF93AC29F9A2FA61F954" box="[1281,1451,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on upland forests (terra firme) about 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFD8FF93AB0EF94DFDBCF968" box="[550,630,1689,1716]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" unit="km" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1-2 km</quantity>
from the river’s margins (Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD8FF93AAC7F94DFBEDF968" box="[1007,1063,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
2022; 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD8FF93AD5CF94DFACFF968" box="[1140,1285,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">present work</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33761B0FFD8FF93A995F969FD15F920" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFD8FF93A995F969FD15F920" blockId="9.[136,1452,1473,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD8FF93A995F969FE82F903" bold="true" box="[189,328,1726,1752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Etymology:</emphasis>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFD8FF93A84CF969FDC8F903" author="Dwyer, J. D." box="[356,514,1725,1752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" pagination="295 - 297" refId="ref11911" refString="Dwyer, J. D. (1958) Androcalymma, a New Genus of the Tribe Cassieae (Caesalpiniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 44 (4): 295 - 297. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2394647" type="journal article" year="1958">Dwyer (1958)</bibRefCitation>
named the genus based on the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD8FF93AA4DF96AFC01F90C" box="[869,971,1725,1751]" form="and" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" rank="form">form and</taxonomicName>
position of the anthers, similar to a drawn cowl. The glabrous leaflets led to the specific epithet.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33761B0FFD8FF93A995F8D1FADAF808" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFD8FF93A995F8D1FEB8F86B" blockId="9.[136,1452,1473,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD8FF93A995F8D1FE89F8FB" bold="true" box="[189,323,1798,1824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Phenology:</emphasis>
—Flowering in November to December. Fruiting from December.Although there are no precise dates to the collection by Krukoff (the labels and field notes indicate only the entire trip occurring from 
<date id="FF9314FBFFD8FF93ADDEF8FEFF0EF8BC" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" value="1936-10-26" valueMax="1936-12-11" valueMin="1936-10-26">26-X to 11-XII-1936</date>
), we calculate the amount of collections made by him in that trip and get a rough estimate of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFD8FF93AC29F89AFA61F8BC" box="[1281,1451,1869,1895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD8FF93AC29F89AFA61F8BC" box="[1281,1451,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collection occurring from 20-XI to 10-XII which helped us to properly set the date of our expedition on which the tree was found in 11-XII.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFD8FF93A995F86DFADAF808" blockId="9.[136,1452,1473,2004]" box="[189,1296,1977,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFD8FF93A995F86DFF39F80F" bold="true" box="[189,243,1978,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Uses</emphasis>
:—There are no reported uses for the tree, and the natives indicate its timber as of bad quality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5262B3FFDBFF90A9A0F8C2FD05F7F3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129580" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8129580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129580/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" startId="10.[136,234,1813,1835]" targetBox="[213,1373,190,1789]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDBFF90A9A0F8C2FD05F7F3" blockId="10.[136,1452,1813,2088]" pageId="10" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDBFF90A9A0F8C2FEC8F8F0" bold="true" box="[136,258,1813,1835]" pageId="10" pageNumber="147">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDBFF90A825F8C1FDD6F8F0" box="[269,540,1814,1835]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrifolium">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDBFF90A825F8C1FDD6F8F0" box="[269,540,1814,1835]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="147">Androcalymma glabrifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. SEM images. A. Flower bud; B–C. Flower in pre-anthesis with the perianth removed. Note the anthers covering the gynoecium but not yet inflexed; D. side view of anther still closed; E. Front and side view of a stamen at anthesis, note the inflexed anthers. F. Detail of anther with the two open pores; G. Detail of the anther still closed. H Filament with anther removed and apiculate apex; I. Detail of anther surface showing uncinate trichomes and stomata; J. Polar and equatorial view of the pollen grains; K. Side view of the carpel; L. side view of a young fruit, note the reduced wing forming at the left; M. Detail of the ovules; N. Detail of carpel surface showing uncinate and straight trichomes; O. Detail of the stigma and short style; P. Detail of the receptacle with petals, stamens and carpel removed. Note the shallow hypanthium. Scale bar. A–B, E, K–L: 500 µm; C, P: 200 µm; D, F–H, M, O: 100 µm; I: 20 µm; J: 2 µm; N: 50 µm. A–P: 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDBFF90A84EF7C5FDD8F7FC" box="[358,530,2066,2087]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="147">Falcão, M.J. 265;</emphasis>
Photos: M. Falc„o.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33761B0FFDAFF91A995FF4AFCA7FE6F" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDAFF91A995FF4AFCA7FE6F" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,2092]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91A995FF4AFEADFF6C" bold="true" box="[189,359,157,183]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Conservation:</emphasis>
—We calculate a reduced AOO of 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFDAFF91ABD4FF49FCFDFF61" box="[764,823,158,186]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
² and an EOO of 
<quantity id="4CD59FDEFFDAFF91AD2BFF49FBB4FF61" box="[1027,1150,158,186]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" unit="km" value="7.0E-4">0.0007 km</quantity>
² for the species due to its known limited distribution. Although 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AB6BFF15FD27FF07" box="[579,749,194,220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AB6BFF15FD27FF07" box="[579,749,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs inside a legally protected indigenous land (Evare I) (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDAFF91A9B8FF31FF27FEDB" box="[144,237,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1336,1358]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1309]" captionTargetId="figure-26@4.[164,1423,187,1309]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Androcalymma.A.Satellite map of theAltoSolimıes basinshowing the location of A.glabrifolium collections; B–D. Different phytophysiognomies found on the Belem creek region: B. Varzea forest; C–D. Terra firme primary ombrophilous forest with emergent trees like Androcalymma. Source: A. Google Maps. Photos author: M. Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129570/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Figure 1</figureCitation>
) and close to a small village whose population generates a relatively small impact on its surrounding jungle, which is mostly preserved, the indigenous land as a whole has been suffering intense impact due to invasions, illegal deforestation, hunting, mining, and fishing, in addition to the absence of public policies to generate more ecologically sustainable life alternatives for the growing indigenous populations of some of the largest villages in the region. Such facts indicate a high level of threat based mainly on 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDAFF91ABFBFEA1FCA0FE4B" author="IUCN Standards &amp; Petitions Committee" box="[723,874,374,400]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" refId="ref12829" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (Accessed 19 October 2021)." type="book" year="2019">IUCN (2019)</bibRefCitation>
criteria B and D. Thus, we infer here a preliminary critically endangered (CR) status for 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AB00FE4DFCA7FE6F" box="[552,877,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AB00FE4DFCA3FE6F" box="[552,873,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrifolium">Androcalymma glabrifolium</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33761B0FFDAFF91A995FE69FEE6FDFB" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDAFF91A995FE69FEE6FDFB" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,2092]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91A995FE69FE63FE03" bold="true" box="[189,425,446,472]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
—The Ticuna people call the tree Yib̧çne, which could mean “rotten wood”. But, as mentioned above, even the natives did not know the species previously, so such name can be generic to trees with similar timber.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33761B0FFDAFF8AA995FDFEFC06FBE7" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDAFF91A995FDFEFD27FD0F" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,2092]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91A995FDFEFE38FD98" bold="true" box="[189,498,553,579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Herbarium Comments:—</emphasis>
It is interesting to note that a Brazilian endemic genus wasn’t represented in Brazilian herbaria until now, with all extant duplicates of Krukoff’s collection in herbaria through the 
<collectingCountry id="F33A72ABFFDAFF91AD56FD99FB7EFDB3" box="[1150,1204,590,616]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">USA</collectingCountry>
and Europe. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDAFF91AC6EFD99FF19FD57" author="Koeppen, R. C." pageId="11" pageNumber="148" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref13195" refString="Koeppen, R. C. (1963) Observations on Androcalymma (Cassieae, Caesalpiniaceae). Brittonia 15 (2): 145 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2805401" type="journal article" year="1963">Koeppen (1963)</bibRefCitation>
cited that a possible duplicate could exist at the herbarium of Rio de Janeiro, not specifying if it was in R or RB. After searching those herbaria, no specimen of the genus was found. So, if one of Krukoff’s duplicates was sent to a Brazilian herbarium, it was probably lost or destroyed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDAFF91A995FD0AFE45FB73" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,2092]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91A995FD0AFE39FD2C" bold="true" box="[189,499,733,759]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Taxonomic Comments:—</emphasis>
Here we strongly supported 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AA6CFD09FC24FD23" box="[836,1006,734,760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AA6CFD09FC24FD23" box="[836,1006,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as sister of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91ADAFFD08FB33FD23" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[1159,1273,735,760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91ADAFFD08FB33FD23" box="[1159,1273,735,760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and could add several new similarities that connect the two genera (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDAFF91ABD8FCD5FCB6FCC7" box="[752,892,770,796]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="12.[136,234,1097,1119]" captionStartId-1="15.[136,234,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,317,1073]" captionTargetBox-1="[269,1318,190,1672]" captionTargetId-0="figure-108@12.[151,1436,317,1073]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@15.[269,1318,190,1672]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Maximum likelihood tree presenting the relationship between Androcalymma, few species of Dicorynia, Dialium, and one representative of other 13 Dialioideae genera. Only clades with 60% or higher bootstrap values (represented above each node) are shown. At the center a short representation of the clade containing Androcalymma, Dicorynia, and Dialium with examples of flowers (left) and a floral diagram (right) of each group. Note the trimerous corolla of Dicorynia, the pentamerous one of Androcalymma and the absence of corolla in most species of Dialium, represented here by an American and an Asian species.Also note two stamens in Dicorynia and most Dialium species and four stamens in Androcalymma. Photos: D. platysepalum: Cerlin Ng; D. guianensis: Herve Galliffet; D. paraensis; A. glabrifolium, D. guianense and the floral diagrams and trees: Marcus Falc„o." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Morphological comparisons between Androcalymma andDicorynia.A.Stamen of A. glabrifolium; B. Stamen of D.paraensis. Note the thick filament and the similar basifixed insertion which differs for being apiculate only in Androcalymma; Abaxial face of the leaflet base in C. A. glabrifolium; and in D. D. guianensis; Detail of inflorescence in E. A. glabrifolium; and in F. D. paraensis; Floral buds in G. A. glabrifolium; and in H. D. paraensis. Note the unusual imbrication of sepals; I. Fruits in D. paraensis; J. Detail of the flat and elliptical carpel in A. glabrifolium. Note the reduced style; K. Similar but more elongated carpel in D. paraensis. A: Falcão, M.J 265; B, K: Falcão, M.J. 268; C, E, G, J: Krukoff, B. 9005; D: Billiet, F. 4375; F: Amaral, I.L 618; H: Cid, C.A. 3564; I: Falcão, M.J. 91. Scale bar. A, J: 1 mm; B, K: 5 mm; C–D, G–H: 7 mm; E–F, I: 1cm. Source.A–B, G–K: Marcus Falc„o; C–F: Reflora." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129582" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129584" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8129582/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8129584/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Figures 7–8</figureCitation>
), besides the characters proposed by Dwyer and Koeppen (1958; 1963). Dwyer pointed out some vegetative and floral characteristics that would bring the genus closer to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91A9D9FC9CFEA9FCBF" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[241,355,843,868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91A9D9FC9CFEA9FCBF" box="[241,355,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91A8B3FC9DFD8FFCBF" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[411,581,842,868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91A8B3FC9DFD8FFCBF" box="[411,581,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition to the distribution of the three genera in the Amazon, the author mentioned the imbricated sepals and petals arising from a fleshy receptacle, the absence of hypanthium, the few stamens partially surrounding the ovary, the ovary with a short stipe, the flowers arranged in small cymes and the leaves with alternate or opposite leaflets (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDAFF91AB7DFC61FD21FC0A" author="Dwyer, J. D." box="[597,747,950,977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" pagination="295 - 297" refId="ref11911" refString="Dwyer, J. D. (1958) Androcalymma, a New Genus of the Tribe Cassieae (Caesalpiniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 44 (4): 295 - 297. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2394647" type="journal article" year="1958">Dwyer, 1958</bibRefCitation>
). However, we observed that some of these comparisons do not fully proceed: 1) the imbrication of the sepals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AB9AFC0CFCEEFC2F" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[690,804,987,1012]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AB9AFC0CFCEEFC2F" box="[690,804,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AA73FC0DFBCFFC2F" box="[859,1029,986,1012]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AA73FC0DFBCFFC2F" box="[859,1029,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is intense, with the two lateral sepals much more internal than the others, while in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AB54FC29FCECFBC3" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[636,806,1022,1048]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AB54FC29FCECFBC3" box="[636,806,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the sepals are almost valvar, slightly covering each other at the margins; 2) 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91A866FBF5FE32FBE7" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[334,504,1058,1084]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91A866FBF5FE32FBE7" box="[334,504,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’s receptacle is shallow, while 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AA6EFBF4FC72FBE7" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[838,952,1059,1084]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AA6EFBF4FC72FBE7" box="[838,952,1059,1084]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AAC3FBF5FB5FFBE7" box="[1003,1173,1058,1084]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AAC3FBF5FB5FFBE7" box="[1003,1173,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a short hypanthium (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDAFF91A9B8FB91FEC9FBBB" box="[144,259,1094,1120]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,234,1813,1835]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Androcalymma glabrifolium. SEM images.A. Flower bud; B–C. Flower in pre-anthesis with the perianth removed. Note the anthers covering the gynoecium but not yet inflexed; D. side view of anther still closed; E. Front and side view of a stamen at anthesis, note the inflexed anthers. F. Detail of anther with the two open pores; G. Detail of the anther still closed. H Filament with anther removed and apiculate apex; I. Detail of anther surface showing uncinate trichomes and stomata; J. Polar and equatorial view of the pollen grains; K. Side view of the carpel; L. side view of a young fruit, note the reduced wing forming at the left; M. Detail of the ovules; N. Detail of carpel surface showing uncinate and straight trichomes; O. Detail of the stigma and short style; P. Detail of the receptacle with petals, stamens and carpel removed. Note the shallow hypanthium. Scale bar.A–B, E, K–L: 500 µm; C, P: 200 µm; D, F–H, M, O: 100 µm; I: 20 µm; J: 2 µm; N: 50 µm.A–P: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129580/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Figure 6P</figureCitation>
; Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91A84AFB90FE30FBBB" box="[354,506,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">et al., in prep</emphasis>
); 3) the flowers on cymes and alternate leaflets are possible synapomorphies of the entire or almost entire subfamily 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AB28FBBDFD4EFB5F" box="[512,644,1130,1156]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dialioideae">Dialioideae</taxonomicName>
, not useful to delimit these restricted clades. (Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91ADF5FBBCFADCFB5F" box="[1245,1302,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">et al.</emphasis>
, 2022; 2023; 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91A9A0FB58FEB5FB73" box="[136,383,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">in prep.; present work</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDAFF91A995FB65FC0DFA37" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,2092]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">
To separate the three genera, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDAFF91AB20FB65FD6DFB16" author="Dwyer, J. D." box="[520,679,1202,1229]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" pagination="295 - 297" refId="ref11911" refString="Dwyer, J. D. (1958) Androcalymma, a New Genus of the Tribe Cassieae (Caesalpiniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 44 (4): 295 - 297. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2394647" type="journal article" year="1958">Dwyer (1958)</bibRefCitation>
scores in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AA32FB65FC0EFB17" box="[794,964,1202,1228]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AA32FB65FC0EFB17" box="[794,964,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the exceptionally shorter style (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDAFF91AC05FB65FA69FB17" box="[1325,1443,1202,1228]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,234,1813,1835]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Androcalymma glabrifolium. SEM images.A. Flower bud; B–C. Flower in pre-anthesis with the perianth removed. Note the anthers covering the gynoecium but not yet inflexed; D. side view of anther still closed; E. Front and side view of a stamen at anthesis, note the inflexed anthers. F. Detail of anther with the two open pores; G. Detail of the anther still closed. H Filament with anther removed and apiculate apex; I. Detail of anther surface showing uncinate trichomes and stomata; J. Polar and equatorial view of the pollen grains; K. Side view of the carpel; L. side view of a young fruit, note the reduced wing forming at the left; M. Detail of the ovules; N. Detail of carpel surface showing uncinate and straight trichomes; O. Detail of the stigma and short style; P. Detail of the receptacle with petals, stamens and carpel removed. Note the shallow hypanthium. Scale bar.A–B, E, K–L: 500 µm; C, P: 200 µm; D, F–H, M, O: 100 µm; I: 20 µm; J: 2 µm; N: 50 µm.A–P: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129580/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Figure 6O</figureCitation>
) than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91A9F5FB00FE85FB2B" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[221,335,1239,1264]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91A9F5FB00FE85FB2B" box="[221,335,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91A8AEFB01FDFAFB2B" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[390,560,1238,1264]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91A8AEFB01FDFAFB2B" box="[390,560,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the longer filaments and much shorter anthers than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AD88FB01FA80FB2B" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[1184,1354,1238,1264]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AD88FB01FA80FB2B" box="[1184,1354,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the numerous and much thinner filaments than those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91ABC8FB2CFC98FACF" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[736,850,1275,1300]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91ABC8FB2CFC98FACF" box="[736,850,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, genus that has two stamens. However, even though 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91A9A0FAC9FEF8FAE3" box="[136,306,1310,1336]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91A9A0FAC9FEF8FAE3" box="[136,306,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
filaments are thinner than those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AB9FFAC8FCE3FAE3" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[695,809,1311,1336]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AB9FFAC8FCE3FAE3" box="[695,809,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this is due to the stamens of the former being, as a whole, much smaller than those of the latter; the stamens of the two taxa are extremely similar due to the thickness of the filaments being like the thickness of the anthers (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDAFF91AB81FAB1FC83FA5B" box="[681,841,1382,1408]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,234,1813,1835]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Androcalymma glabrifolium. SEM images.A. Flower bud; B–C. Flower in pre-anthesis with the perianth removed. Note the anthers covering the gynoecium but not yet inflexed; D. side view of anther still closed; E. Front and side view of a stamen at anthesis, note the inflexed anthers. F. Detail of anther with the two open pores; G. Detail of the anther still closed. H Filament with anther removed and apiculate apex; I. Detail of anther surface showing uncinate trichomes and stomata; J. Polar and equatorial view of the pollen grains; K. Side view of the carpel; L. side view of a young fruit, note the reduced wing forming at the left; M. Detail of the ovules; N. Detail of carpel surface showing uncinate and straight trichomes; O. Detail of the stigma and short style; P. Detail of the receptacle with petals, stamens and carpel removed. Note the shallow hypanthium. Scale bar.A–B, E, K–L: 500 µm; C, P: 200 µm; D, F–H, M, O: 100 µm; I: 20 µm; J: 2 µm; N: 50 µm.A–P: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129580/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Figures 6B–E</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDAFF91AA7CFAB1FC50FA5B" box="[852,922,1382,1408]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[136,234,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,190,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[269,1318,190,1672]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Morphological comparisons between Androcalymma andDicorynia.A.Stamen of A. glabrifolium; B. Stamen of D.paraensis. Note the thick filament and the similar basifixed insertion which differs for being apiculate only in Androcalymma; Abaxial face of the leaflet base in C. A. glabrifolium; and in D. D. guianensis; Detail of inflorescence in E. A. glabrifolium; and in F. D. paraensis; Floral buds in G. A. glabrifolium; and in H. D. paraensis. Note the unusual imbrication of sepals; I. Fruits in D. paraensis; J. Detail of the flat and elliptical carpel in A. glabrifolium. Note the reduced style; K. Similar but more elongated carpel in D. paraensis. A: Falcão, M.J 265; B, K: Falcão, M.J. 268; C, E, G, J: Krukoff, B. 9005; D: Billiet, F. 4375; F: Amaral, I.L 618; H: Cid, C.A. 3564; I: Falcão, M.J. 91. Scale bar. A, J: 1 mm; B, K: 5 mm; C–D, G–H: 7 mm; E–F, I: 1cm. Source.A–B, G–K: Marcus Falc„o; C–F: Reflora." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129584/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">8A–B</figureCitation>
), while in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AD27FAB1FB73FA5B" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[1039,1209,1382,1408]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AD27FAB1FB73FA5B" box="[1039,1209,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and most of the other 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91A9A0FA5DFEC6FA7F" box="[136,268,1418,1444]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dialioideae">Dialioideae</taxonomicName>
, the filaments are thinner than the anthers. Other exceptions are the African 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AD4FFA5DFAAFFA7F" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill." box="[1127,1381,1418,1444]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Distemonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AD4FFA5DFAD7FA7F" box="[1127,1309,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Distemonanthus</emphasis>
Baill.
</taxonomicName>
, some Asian 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91A9FBFA79FEE5FA13" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[211,303,1454,1480]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91A9FBFA79FEE5FA13" box="[211,303,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Dialium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the Malagasyan sister genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91ABEFFA79FB5BFA12" authority="Capuron (1968: 205 - 208)" authorityName="Capuron" authorityPageNumber="205 - 208" authorityYear="1968" box="[711,1169,1454,1481]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Eligmocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91ABEFFA79FCAEFA13" box="[711,868,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Eligmocarpus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDAFF91AA46FA79FB5BFA12" author="Capuron, R. P. R." box="[878,1169,1454,1481]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" pagination="199 - 222" refId="ref11658" refString="Capuron, R. P. R. (1968) Contributions a l'etude de la flore forestiere de Madagascar: A. notes sur quelques Cassiees malgaches (2 ° partie). - B. Les Swartiziees de Madagascar. Adansonia 8 (2): 199 - 222." type="journal article" year="1968">Capuron (1968: 205-208)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91ADE5FA79FEC1FA37" authority="Baillon (1866: 193)" authorityName="Baillon" authorityPageNumber="193" authorityYear="1866" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Baudouinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91ADE5FA79FA9AFA13" box="[1229,1360,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Baudouinia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDAFF91AC71FA79FEC1FA37" author="Baillon, H. E." pageId="11" pageNumber="148" pagination="177 - 230" refId="ref11175" refString="Baillon, H. E. (1866) Etudes sur L'herbier du Gabon. Adansonia. 6: 177 - 230." type="journal article" year="1866">Baillon (1866: 193)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which also possess thick filaments compared to their anthers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDAFF91A995FA21FAB0F933" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,2092]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDAFF91A995FA21FEA6F9CB" author="Koeppen, R. C." box="[189,364,1526,1552]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref13195" refString="Koeppen, R. C. (1963) Observations on Androcalymma (Cassieae, Caesalpiniaceae). Brittonia 15 (2): 145 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2805401" type="journal article" year="1963">Koeppen (1963</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDAFF91A85FFA21FE78F9CB" author="Koeppen, R. C." box="[375,434,1526,1552]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref13268" refString="Koeppen, R. C. (1978) Similarities of Apuleia and Distemonanthus. IAWA Bulletin (2 - 3): 49." type="book chapter" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
; &amp; Iltis 1962) added new comparisons between genera, pointing out that 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91ADFBFA21FAB7F9CB" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[1235,1405,1526,1552]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91ADFBFA21FAB7F9CB" box="[1235,1405,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91A9A0F9CDFEF8F9EF" box="[136,306,1562,1588]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91A9A0F9CDFEF8F9EF" box="[136,306,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were the only members of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91ABA6F9CDFD3AF9EF" authorityName="Bronn" authorityYear="1822" box="[654,752,1562,1588]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="154" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Cassieae">Cassieae</taxonomicName>
tribe to have sclerified parenchyma cells in the wood. He also mentioned the absence of silica, differentiating the two genera from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AA5EF9E8FC22F983" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[886,1000,1599,1624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AA5EF9E8FC22F983" box="[886,1000,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AADDF9E9FB61F983" box="[1013,1195,1598,1624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Distemonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AADDF9E9FB61F983" box="[1013,1195,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Distemonanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AD9FF9E9FADFF983" box="[1207,1301,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AD9FF9E9FADBF983" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[1207,1297,1598,1624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Apuleia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Apuleia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AC61F9E9FA6FF983" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1353,1445,1598,1624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AC61F9E9FA6FF983" box="[1353,1445,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Dialium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, taxa rich in silica. Koeppen also indicates that the wood of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AA3AF9B4FC4EF9A7" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[786,900,1635,1660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AA3AF9B4FC4EF9A7" box="[786,900,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AA9FF9B5FBABF9A7" box="[951,1121,1634,1660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AA9FF9B5FBABF9A7" box="[951,1121,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar externally, but not in their microscopic structure. Between the wood of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91ABF3F951FC4FF97B" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[731,901,1670,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91ABF3F951FC4FF97B" box="[731,901,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AA95F951FBADF97B" box="[957,1127,1670,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AA95F951FBADF97B" box="[957,1127,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, some differences are noted, such as the reddish heartwood of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91A8DAF97DFD56F91F" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[498,668,1706,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91A8DAF97DFD56F91F" box="[498,668,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, differentiating it from the golden/brown heartwood of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91ADD2F97DFA6EF91F" box="[1274,1444,1706,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91ADD2F97DFA6EF91F" box="[1274,1444,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the stratified structure of the wood of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AB77F919FCC3F933" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[607,777,1742,1768]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AB77F919FCC3F933" box="[607,777,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a character absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AD2CF919FABFF933" authority="(Koeppen, 1963)" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1028,1397,1742,1768]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AD2CF919FB64F933" box="[1028,1198,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Androcalymma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDAFF91AD94F919FAA7F933" author="Koeppen, R. C." box="[1212,1389,1742,1768]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref13195" refString="Koeppen, R. C. (1963) Observations on Androcalymma (Cassieae, Caesalpiniaceae). Brittonia 15 (2): 145 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2805401" type="journal article" year="1963">Koeppen, 1963</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDAFF96A995F925FAF9FEFF" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,2092]" lastBlockId="12.[136,1452,158,293]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">
The unusual heteromorphy of the calyx of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91ABB8F925FCF0F8D7" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[656,826,1778,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91ABB8F925FCF0F8D7" box="[656,826,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was pointed out by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDAFF91AD3CF925FB01F8D7" author="Koeppen, R. C." box="[1044,1227,1778,1804]" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref13195" refString="Koeppen, R. C. (1963) Observations on Androcalymma (Cassieae, Caesalpiniaceae). Brittonia 15 (2): 145 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2805401" type="journal article" year="1963">Koeppen (1963)</bibRefCitation>
, citing the two outer sepals as shorter, broader, more pubescent, and concave than the three inner petaloid ones. Here we observe several similarities with the heteromorphic calyx of its sister genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AA01F8ECFC51F88F" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[809,923,1851,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AA01F8ECFC51F88F" box="[809,923,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, both have unique characteristics. In 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91A9A0F888FECAF8A3" box="[136,256,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91A9A0F888FF36F8A3" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[136,252,1887,1912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dicorynia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the abaxial and the two adaxial outer sepals are thicker, darker, and broader. In contrast, the two lateral, internal sepals are petaloid and more unguiculate (Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AA3AF854FC8EF847" box="[786,836,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">et al</emphasis>
., 2022; 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AA89F854FC3AF847" box="[929,1008,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">in prep</emphasis>
). In 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91AD0FF855FB12F847" box="[1063,1240,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91AD0FF855FB1EF847" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1063,1236,1922,1948]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Androcalymma</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
there are only two sepals that are thicker, the abaxial and one of the adaxial. The other adaxial sepal is more similar to the two lateral ones, being those last three longer than the first two (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDAFF91ABC5F81DFCAEF83E" box="[749,868,1994,2021]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,234,1333,1355]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,192,1307]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1435,190,1309]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Androcalymma glabrifolium. A. Detail of the flower, polar view; B. side view; C. Detail of senescent flowers without petals and stamens showing the heteromorphy of the five sepaled calyx; D. Inflorescence with young fruits; E–F: Immature fruits at different sizes. Scale bar. A–C: 0.5 cm; D: 2 cm; E–F: 1 cm.A–F: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129578/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">Figure 5C</figureCitation>
), which also does not occur in 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDAFF91ADE6F81CFA8DF83F" box="[1230,1351,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="148">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDAFF91ADE6F81CFA89F83F" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[1230,1347,1995,2020]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dicorynia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Another similarity between these two genera is that each sepal is slightly different from the other, and although we can divide the calyx into two groups with three and two sepals each (thicker × membranaceous); among the two thicker sepals, the abaxial one is the thickest, and among the three membranaceous sepals, the adaxial one is the thickest. This is also observed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96A839FF14FE49FF07" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[273,387,195,220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96A839FF14FE49FF07" box="[273,387,195,220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
where each sepal is thicker and larger than the next (Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AD03FF14FB97FF07" box="[1067,1117,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">et al</emphasis>
., 2022; 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AD91FF14FAC2FF07" box="[1209,1288,195,220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">in prep</emphasis>
). The calyx in other genera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96A81EFF31FE7DFEDB" box="[310,439,230,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dialioideae">Dialioideae</taxonomicName>
is homomorphic or, in a few cases, slightly heteromorphic, as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96ADAEFF31FAF6FEDB" box="[1158,1340,230,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Distemonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96ADAEFF31FAF6FEDB" box="[1158,1340,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Distemonanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and some Asian species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96A86FFEDDFE69FEFF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[327,419,266,292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96A86FFEDDFE69FEFF" box="[327,419,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Dialium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, like 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96A8C9FEDCFD53FEFF" authorityName="Baker Haegens" authorityYear="1878" box="[481,665,266,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platysepalum">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96A8C9FEDCFE3FFEFF" box="[481,501,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AB2CFEDDFD53FEFF" box="[516,665,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">platysepalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
where the two lateral sepals are slightly smaller (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDDFF96ADEBFEDDFAEFFEFF" box="[1219,1317,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[136,234,1097,1119]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,317,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-108@12.[151,1436,317,1073]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Maximum likelihood tree presenting the relationship between Androcalymma, few species of Dicorynia, Dialium, and one representative of other 13 Dialioideae genera. Only clades with 60% or higher bootstrap values (represented above each node) are shown. At the center a short representation of the clade containing Androcalymma, Dicorynia, and Dialium with examples of flowers (left) and a floral diagram (right) of each group. Note the trimerous corolla of Dicorynia, the pentamerous one of Androcalymma and the absence of corolla in most species of Dialium, represented here by an American and an Asian species.Also note two stamens in Dicorynia and most Dialium species and four stamens in Androcalymma. Photos: D. platysepalum: Cerlin Ng; D. guianensis: Herve Galliffet; D. paraensis; A. glabrifolium, D. guianense and the floral diagrams and trees: Marcus Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129582/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Figure 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5262B3FFDDFF96A9A0FB9EFCA6FAE3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129582" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8129582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129582/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" startId="12.[136,234,1097,1119]" targetBox="[151,1436,317,1073]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDDFF96A9A0FB9EFCA6FAE3" blockId="12.[136,1452,1097,1336]" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96A9A0FB9EFEC9FB84" bold="true" box="[136,259,1097,1119]" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Maximum likelihood tree presenting the relationship between 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AA40FB9DFC30FB84" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[872,1018,1098,1119]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AA40FB9DFC30FB84" box="[872,1018,1098,1119]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, few species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96ADBFFB9DFB32FB84" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[1175,1272,1098,1119]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96ADBFFB9DFB32FB84" box="[1175,1272,1098,1119]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AC2DFB9DFA9EFB84" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1285,1364,1098,1119]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AC2DFB9DFA9EFB84" box="[1285,1364,1098,1119]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Dialium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and one representative of other 13 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96A8ABFBB9FE38FB5F" box="[387,498,1134,1156]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dialioideae">Dialioideae</taxonomicName>
genera. Only clades with 60% or higher bootstrap values (represented above each node) are shown. At the center a short representation of the clade containing 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96ABE8FB45FC98FB7C" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[704,850,1170,1191]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96ABE8FB45FC98FB7C" box="[704,850,1170,1191]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AA76FB45FC75FB7C" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[862,959,1170,1191]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AA76FB45FC75FB7C" box="[862,959,1170,1191]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AADCFB45FB89FB7C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1012,1091,1170,1191]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AADCFB45FB89FB7C" box="[1012,1091,1170,1191]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Dialium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with examples of flowers (left) and a floral diagram (right) of each group. Note the trimerous corolla of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AA23FB61FCA6FB10" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[779,876,1206,1227]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AA23FB61FCA6FB10" box="[779,876,1206,1227]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the pentamerous one of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AD48FB61FB38FB10" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1120,1266,1206,1227]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AD48FB61FB38FB10" box="[1120,1266,1206,1227]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the absence of corolla in most species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96A8ACFB0DFE19FB34" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[388,467,1242,1263]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96A8ACFB0DFE19FB34" box="[388,467,1242,1263]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Dialium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, represented here by an American and an Asian species. Also note two stamens in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96ADC4FB0DFA87FB34" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1840" box="[1260,1357,1242,1263]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96ADC4FB0DFA87FB34" box="[1260,1357,1242,1263]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and most 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96A9A0FB29FEEBFACF" box="[136,289,1278,1300]" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96A9A0FB29FF1DFAC8" box="[136,215,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Dialium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
and four stamens in 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96A8CFFB29FD4AFAC8" box="[487,640,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96A8CFFB29FDB6FAC8" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[487,636,1278,1299]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Androcalymma</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Photos: 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96ABF9FB29FC11FAC8" authority=": Cerlin Ng" authorityName="Cerlin Ng" box="[721,987,1278,1300]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platysepalum">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96ABF9FB29FCA4FAC8" box="[721,878,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">D. platysepalum</emphasis>
: Cerlin Ng
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AACCFB29FAC2FACF" authority=": Herve Galliffet" authorityName="Herve Galliffet" box="[996,1288,1278,1300]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AACCFB29FBA2FAC8" box="[996,1128,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">D. guianensis</emphasis>
: Herve Galliffet
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AC39FB29FA40FAC8" box="[1297,1418,1278,1299]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AC39FB29FA40FAC8" box="[1297,1418,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">D. paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96ACBFFB29FECAFAEC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrifolium">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96ACBFFB29FECAFAEC" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">A. glabrifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96A824FAF5FE40FAEC" box="[268,394,1314,1335]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guianense">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96A824FAF5FE40FAEC" box="[268,394,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">D. guianense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the floral diagrams and trees: Marcus Falc„o.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDDFF96A995FAB0FC7BF9EF" blockId="12.[136,1452,1382,2093]" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDDFF96A995FAB0FEBEFA5B" author="Koeppen, R. C." box="[189,372,1382,1409]" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref13195" refString="Koeppen, R. C. (1963) Observations on Androcalymma (Cassieae, Caesalpiniaceae). Brittonia 15 (2): 145 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2805401" type="journal article" year="1963">Koeppen (1963)</bibRefCitation>
points out a similarity between 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96ABF6FAB1FC42FA5B" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[734,904,1382,1408]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96ABF6FAB1FC42FA5B" box="[734,904,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AA97FAB1FBDCFA5B" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[959,1046,1382,1408]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Apuleia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AA97FAB1FBDCFA5B" box="[959,1046,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Apuleia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the narrowing of the filaments at their insertion in the anthers forming an apiculus, possibly facilitating the anthers movement. Such was confirmed here (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDDFF96A9B8FA79FECDFA13" box="[144,263,1454,1480]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,234,1813,1835]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Androcalymma glabrifolium. SEM images.A. Flower bud; B–C. Flower in pre-anthesis with the perianth removed. Note the anthers covering the gynoecium but not yet inflexed; D. side view of anther still closed; E. Front and side view of a stamen at anthesis, note the inflexed anthers. F. Detail of anther with the two open pores; G. Detail of the anther still closed. H Filament with anther removed and apiculate apex; I. Detail of anther surface showing uncinate trichomes and stomata; J. Polar and equatorial view of the pollen grains; K. Side view of the carpel; L. side view of a young fruit, note the reduced wing forming at the left; M. Detail of the ovules; N. Detail of carpel surface showing uncinate and straight trichomes; O. Detail of the stigma and short style; P. Detail of the receptacle with petals, stamens and carpel removed. Note the shallow hypanthium. Scale bar.A–B, E, K–L: 500 µm; C, P: 200 µm; D, F–H, M, O: 100 µm; I: 20 µm; J: 2 µm; N: 50 µm.A–P: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129580/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Figure 6H</figureCitation>
). Koeppen also points out that 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AB76FA79FD7FFA13" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[606,693,1454,1480]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Apuleia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AB76FA79FD7FFA13" box="[606,693,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Apuleia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have four stamens, a similarity with 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96ADAFFA79FAFBFA13" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1159,1329,1454,1480]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96ADAFFA79FAFBFA13" box="[1159,1329,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, four stamens are an extremely rare anomaly restricted to staminate flowers of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AD25FA05FBAEFA37" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[1037,1124,1490,1516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Apuleia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AD25FA05FBAEFA37" box="[1037,1124,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Apuleia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with carpels absent in such cases. Flowers with carpels have two stamens and rarely three, with all organs restricted to the same whorl. So, the meristic structure is not similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AB20F9CDFD78F9EF" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[520,690,1562,1588]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AB20F9CDFD78F9EF" box="[520,690,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AA3CF9CCFC99F9EF" box="[788,851,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">et al.,</emphasis>
2020b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDDFF96A995F9E8FDB8F8EB" blockId="12.[136,1452,1382,2093]" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDDFF96A995F9E8FEB9F983" author="Koeppen, R. C." box="[189,371,1598,1625]" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref13195" refString="Koeppen, R. C. (1963) Observations on Androcalymma (Cassieae, Caesalpiniaceae). Brittonia 15 (2): 145 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2805401" type="journal article" year="1963">Koeppen (1963)</bibRefCitation>
mentions that 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AB3EF9E9FD0AF983" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[534,704,1598,1624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AB3EF9E9FD0AF983" box="[534,704,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96ABDDF9E9FC55F983" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[757,927,1598,1624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96ABDDF9E9FC55F983" box="[757,927,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have similar pollen grains, but he did not show images. However, in his review of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AB33F9B4FC9CF9A7" authority=", Koeppen (1967)" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[539,854,1634,1661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AB33F9B4FD47F9A7" box="[539,653,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Dicorynia</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDDFF96ABB5F9B4FC9CF9A7" author="Koeppen, R. C." box="[669,854,1634,1661]" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" pagination="42 - 61" refId="ref13233" refString="Koeppen, R. C. (1967) Revision of Dicorynia (Cassieae, Caesalpiniaceae). Brittonia 19: 42 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2805082" type="journal article" year="1967">Koeppen (1967)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
points out that the pollen of this genus is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96A9A0F951FEF8F97B" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[136,306,1670,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96A9A0F951FEF8F97B" box="[136,306,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We compared 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96A8CFF951FD5BF97B" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[487,657,1670,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96A8CFF951FD5BF97B" box="[487,657,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pollen (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDDFF96ABD9F951FC95F97B" box="[753,863,1670,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,234,1813,1835]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Androcalymma glabrifolium. SEM images.A. Flower bud; B–C. Flower in pre-anthesis with the perianth removed. Note the anthers covering the gynoecium but not yet inflexed; D. side view of anther still closed; E. Front and side view of a stamen at anthesis, note the inflexed anthers. F. Detail of anther with the two open pores; G. Detail of the anther still closed. H Filament with anther removed and apiculate apex; I. Detail of anther surface showing uncinate trichomes and stomata; J. Polar and equatorial view of the pollen grains; K. Side view of the carpel; L. side view of a young fruit, note the reduced wing forming at the left; M. Detail of the ovules; N. Detail of carpel surface showing uncinate and straight trichomes; O. Detail of the stigma and short style; P. Detail of the receptacle with petals, stamens and carpel removed. Note the shallow hypanthium. Scale bar.A–B, E, K–L: 500 µm; C, P: 200 µm; D, F–H, M, O: 100 µm; I: 20 µm; J: 2 µm; N: 50 µm.A–P: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129580/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Figure 6J</figureCitation>
) to other 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AAF9F951FB9FF97B" box="[977,1109,1670,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dialioideae">Dialioideae</taxonomicName>
, notably 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AD97F950FAFBF97B" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[1215,1329,1671,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AD97F950FAFBF97B" box="[1215,1329,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96ACBFF950FF6FF91F" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">et al.</emphasis>
, 2022; 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96A9D3F97CFE83F91F" box="[251,329,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">in prep</emphasis>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96A8A1F97DFDF9F91F" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[393,563,1706,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96A8A1F97DFDF9F91F" box="[393,563,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96ABBCF97CFD0FF91F" box="[660,709,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">et al</emphasis>
., 2023). 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AA01F97DFC19F91F" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[809,979,1706,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AA01F97DFC19F91F" box="[809,979,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pollen resemble more those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AC1BF97CFA6FF91F" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[1331,1445,1707,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AC1BF97CFA6FF91F" box="[1331,1445,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with colpi not extending to the pole of the grain and with a less uniform arrangement of perforations in their exine ornamentation. In 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96A87CF925FDCFF8D7" box="[340,517,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96A87CF925FDCBF8D7" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[340,513,1778,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Martiodendron</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the perforations are more evenly distributed, and its shape is more uniform. Besides that, the colpi generally extend to the poles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDDFF96A995F8ECFBCEF7F6" blockId="12.[136,1452,1382,2093]" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDDFF96A995F8ECFEBDF88F" author="Koeppen, R. C." box="[189,375,1850,1877]" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref13195" refString="Koeppen, R. C. (1963) Observations on Androcalymma (Cassieae, Caesalpiniaceae). Brittonia 15 (2): 145 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2805401" type="journal article" year="1963">Koeppen (1963)</bibRefCitation>
also states that 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AB1BF8EDFD17F88F" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[563,733,1850,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AB1BF8EDFD17F88F" box="[563,733,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the Amazonian populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AD54F8EDFB19F88F" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[1148,1235,1850,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Apuleia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AD54F8EDFB19F88F" box="[1148,1235,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Apuleia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have similar short styles. Although some populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AB07F889FD4CF8A3" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[559,646,1886,1912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Apuleia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AB07F889FD4CF8A3" box="[559,646,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Apuleia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have short styles, this is a variable character and even the smaller styles of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96A98DF855FF36F847" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[165,252,1922,1948]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Apuleia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96A98DF855FF36F847" box="[165,252,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Apuleia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more differentiated than the reduced styles of 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AA09F855FC18F847" box="[801,978,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AA09F855FC04F847" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[801,974,1922,1948]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Androcalymma</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
also having a large discoidal stigma, while 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96A9A0F871FEF8F81B" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[136,306,1958,1984]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96A9A0F871FEF8F81B" box="[136,306,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a minuscule punctate stigma (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDDFF96AB98F871FCEDF81B" box="[688,807,1958,1984]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,234,1813,1835]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Androcalymma glabrifolium. SEM images.A. Flower bud; B–C. Flower in pre-anthesis with the perianth removed. Note the anthers covering the gynoecium but not yet inflexed; D. side view of anther still closed; E. Front and side view of a stamen at anthesis, note the inflexed anthers. F. Detail of anther with the two open pores; G. Detail of the anther still closed. H Filament with anther removed and apiculate apex; I. Detail of anther surface showing uncinate trichomes and stomata; J. Polar and equatorial view of the pollen grains; K. Side view of the carpel; L. side view of a young fruit, note the reduced wing forming at the left; M. Detail of the ovules; N. Detail of carpel surface showing uncinate and straight trichomes; O. Detail of the stigma and short style; P. Detail of the receptacle with petals, stamens and carpel removed. Note the shallow hypanthium. Scale bar.A–B, E, K–L: 500 µm; C, P: 200 µm; D, F–H, M, O: 100 µm; I: 20 µm; J: 2 µm; N: 50 µm.A–P: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129580/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Figure 6O</figureCitation>
; Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AAACF870FC09F81B" box="[900,963,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">et al.,</emphasis>
2020b; 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AD36F870FBBEF81B" box="[1054,1140,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">in prep.</emphasis>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDDFF96ADA3F870FA8BF81B" author="Koeppen, R. C." box="[1163,1345,1958,1985]" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref13195" refString="Koeppen, R. C. (1963) Observations on Androcalymma (Cassieae, Caesalpiniaceae). Brittonia 15 (2): 145 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2805401" type="journal article" year="1963">Koeppen (1963)</bibRefCitation>
correctly scores in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96A9DBF81DFE57F83F" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[243,413,1994,2020]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96A9DBF81DFE57F83F" box="[243,413,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the presence of 2–3 ovules, another similarity with 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AAC2F81CFBA8F83F" box="[1002,1122,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96AAC2F81CFB94F83F" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[1002,1118,1995,2020]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dicorynia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which has 2–6 ovules, while 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDDFF96A9A0F839FEF8F7D3" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[136,306,2030,2056]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96A9A0F839FEF8F7D3" box="[136,306,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only one ovule in the carpel, reflected in its large monospermic fruit (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDDFF96ADA3F839FAC3F7D3" box="[1163,1289,2030,2056]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,234,1813,1835]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Androcalymma glabrifolium. SEM images.A. Flower bud; B–C. Flower in pre-anthesis with the perianth removed. Note the anthers covering the gynoecium but not yet inflexed; D. side view of anther still closed; E. Front and side view of a stamen at anthesis, note the inflexed anthers. F. Detail of anther with the two open pores; G. Detail of the anther still closed. H Filament with anther removed and apiculate apex; I. Detail of anther surface showing uncinate trichomes and stomata; J. Polar and equatorial view of the pollen grains; K. Side view of the carpel; L. side view of a young fruit, note the reduced wing forming at the left; M. Detail of the ovules; N. Detail of carpel surface showing uncinate and straight trichomes; O. Detail of the stigma and short style; P. Detail of the receptacle with petals, stamens and carpel removed. Note the shallow hypanthium. Scale bar.A–B, E, K–L: 500 µm; C, P: 200 µm; D, F–H, M, O: 100 µm; I: 20 µm; J: 2 µm; N: 50 µm.A–P: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129580/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">Figure 6M</figureCitation>
; Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDDFF96AC42F838FA61F7D3" box="[1386,1451,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="149">et al.,</emphasis>
2022; 2023). Among the other new characters observed in the present work are:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDCFF97A995FF49FA59FF63" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,1948]" box="[189,1427,158,185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">
1. Leaflets of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A871FF49FDC9FF63" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[345,515,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A871FF49FDC9FF63" box="[345,515,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AB11FF48FD61FF63" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[569,683,159,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AB11FF48FD61FF63" box="[569,683,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the most similar in shape and venation pattern (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDCFF97ADC5FF49FA4CFF63" box="[1261,1414,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[136,234,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,190,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[269,1318,190,1672]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Morphological comparisons between Androcalymma andDicorynia.A.Stamen of A. glabrifolium; B. Stamen of D.paraensis. Note the thick filament and the similar basifixed insertion which differs for being apiculate only in Androcalymma; Abaxial face of the leaflet base in C. A. glabrifolium; and in D. D. guianensis; Detail of inflorescence in E. A. glabrifolium; and in F. D. paraensis; Floral buds in G. A. glabrifolium; and in H. D. paraensis. Note the unusual imbrication of sepals; I. Fruits in D. paraensis; J. Detail of the flat and elliptical carpel in A. glabrifolium. Note the reduced style; K. Similar but more elongated carpel in D. paraensis. A: Falcão, M.J 265; B, K: Falcão, M.J. 268; C, E, G, J: Krukoff, B. 9005; D: Billiet, F. 4375; F: Amaral, I.L 618; H: Cid, C.A. 3564; I: Falcão, M.J. 91. Scale bar. A, J: 1 mm; B, K: 5 mm; C–D, G–H: 7 mm; E–F, I: 1cm. Source.A–B, G–K: Marcus Falc„o; C–F: Reflora." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129584/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Figure 8C–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDCFF97A995FF15FE4AFE6F" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,1948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">
2. The branching pattern of the thyrsoids in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AB8CFF15FC84FF07" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[676,846,194,220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AB8CFF15FC84FF07" box="[676,846,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles much more the one found in some varieties of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A98FFF30FED3FEDB" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[167,281,231,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A98FFF30FED3FEDB" box="[167,281,231,256]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than the patterns found in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AB6EFF31FD3AFEDB" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[582,752,230,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AB6EFF31FD3AFEDB" box="[582,752,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AA0FFF31FC49FEDB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[807,899,230,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AA0FFF31FC49FEDB" box="[807,899,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dialium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AA98FF31FB90FEDB" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[944,1114,230,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AA98FF31FB90FEDB" box="[944,1114,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97ADB9FF30FAC9FEDB" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[1169,1283,231,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97ADB9FF30FAC9FEDB" box="[1169,1283,231,256]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the secondary branches of the thyrsoids are generally angled strongly upwards and, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AAFAFEDDFBB6FEFF" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[978,1148,266,292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AAFAFEDDFBB6FEFF" box="[978,1148,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AD91FEDDFADFFEFF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1209,1301,266,292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AD91FEDDFADFFEFF" box="[1209,1301,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dialium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, they extend horizontally (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDCFF97A834FEF9FE72FE93" box="[284,440,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[136,234,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,190,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[269,1318,190,1672]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Morphological comparisons between Androcalymma andDicorynia.A.Stamen of A. glabrifolium; B. Stamen of D.paraensis. Note the thick filament and the similar basifixed insertion which differs for being apiculate only in Androcalymma; Abaxial face of the leaflet base in C. A. glabrifolium; and in D. D. guianensis; Detail of inflorescence in E. A. glabrifolium; and in F. D. paraensis; Floral buds in G. A. glabrifolium; and in H. D. paraensis. Note the unusual imbrication of sepals; I. Fruits in D. paraensis; J. Detail of the flat and elliptical carpel in A. glabrifolium. Note the reduced style; K. Similar but more elongated carpel in D. paraensis. A: Falcão, M.J 265; B, K: Falcão, M.J. 268; C, E, G, J: Krukoff, B. 9005; D: Billiet, F. 4375; F: Amaral, I.L 618; H: Cid, C.A. 3564; I: Falcão, M.J. 91. Scale bar. A, J: 1 mm; B, K: 5 mm; C–D, G–H: 7 mm; E–F, I: 1cm. Source.A–B, G–K: Marcus Falc„o; C–F: Reflora." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129584/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Figures 8E–F</figureCitation>
). On the other hand, the thyrsoids of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AA63FEF9FC3FFE93" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[843,1013,302,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AA63FEF9FC3FFE93" box="[843,1013,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are generally smaller and few-flowered than in other 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A832FE85FE54FEB7" box="[282,414,338,364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dialioideae">Dialioideae</taxonomicName>
, including 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AB31FE84FD41FEB7" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[537,651,339,364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AB31FE84FD41FEB7" box="[537,651,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The smaller number of flowers is possibly due to the abortion of lateral meristems of cymes resulting in, generally, one flower and not in two or three as is more common in other genera (Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A9CBFE4CFEE8FE6F" box="[227,290,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">et al.,</emphasis>
2020b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDCFF97A995FE69FEE4FD9F" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,1948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">
3. The imbrication of the sepals is highly similar in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AA34FE68FC44FE03" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[796,910,447,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AA34FE68FC44FE03" box="[796,910,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AAE1FE69FBB9FE03" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[969,1139,446,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AAE1FE69FBB9FE03" box="[969,1139,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and not observed in other 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A9A0FE35FEC6FE27" box="[136,268,482,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dialioideae">Dialioideae</taxonomicName>
, where the 2-3 outermost sepals involve the whole flower bud with the two innermost sepals not being externally visible. In many cases 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A8D3FDD0FDA7FDFB" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[507,621,519,544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A8D3FDD0FDA7FDFB" box="[507,621,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present only the two external sepals visible (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDCFF97AD49FDD1FAC9FDFB" box="[1121,1283,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[136,234,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,190,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[269,1318,190,1672]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Morphological comparisons between Androcalymma andDicorynia.A.Stamen of A. glabrifolium; B. Stamen of D.paraensis. Note the thick filament and the similar basifixed insertion which differs for being apiculate only in Androcalymma; Abaxial face of the leaflet base in C. A. glabrifolium; and in D. D. guianensis; Detail of inflorescence in E. A. glabrifolium; and in F. D. paraensis; Floral buds in G. A. glabrifolium; and in H. D. paraensis. Note the unusual imbrication of sepals; I. Fruits in D. paraensis; J. Detail of the flat and elliptical carpel in A. glabrifolium. Note the reduced style; K. Similar but more elongated carpel in D. paraensis. A: Falcão, M.J 265; B, K: Falcão, M.J. 268; C, E, G, J: Krukoff, B. 9005; D: Billiet, F. 4375; F: Amaral, I.L 618; H: Cid, C.A. 3564; I: Falcão, M.J. 91. Scale bar. A, J: 1 mm; B, K: 5 mm; C–D, G–H: 7 mm; E–F, I: 1cm. Source.A–B, G–K: Marcus Falc„o; C–F: Reflora." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129584/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Figures 8G–H</figureCitation>
) (Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AC45FDD0FA54FDFB" box="[1389,1438,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">et al</emphasis>
., 2022; 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A9E7FDFCFED4FD9F" box="[207,286,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">in prep</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDCFF97A995FD99FD8FFD57" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,1948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">
4. The corolla aestivation is similar in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AB44FD98FD14FDB3" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[620,734,591,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AB44FD98FD14FDB3" box="[620,734,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AA3CFD99FC0CFDB3" box="[788,966,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AA3CFD99FC0BFDB3" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[788,961,590,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Androcalymma</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
with the adaxial petal more external, while in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A98DFDA5FE85FD57" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[165,335,626,652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A98DFDA5FE85FD57" box="[165,335,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
such petal is internal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDCFF97A995FD41FA44FCC7" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,1948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">
5. Flowers of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A848FD41FDC0FD6B" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[352,522,662,688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A848FD41FDC0FD6B" box="[352,522,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AB6CFD40FD7CFD6B" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[580,694,663,688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AB6CFD40FD7CFD6B" box="[580,694,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are white, while flowers in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AAD5FD41FB6DFD6B" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[1021,1191,662,688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AAD5FD41FB6DFD6B" box="[1021,1191,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are yellow. The petals are also white in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A86FFD6DFE54FD0F" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[327,414,698,724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Apuleia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A86FFD6DFE54FD0F" box="[327,414,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Apuleia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A884FD6DFDA8FD0F" box="[428,610,698,724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Distemonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A884FD6DFDA8FD0F" box="[428,610,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Distemonanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and several species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AA43FD6DFC0DFD0F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[875,967,698,724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AA43FD6DFC0DFD0F" box="[875,967,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dialium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDCFF97AAFDFD6DFBA1FD0F" box="[981,1131,698,724]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,193,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[151,1435,190,1871]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Androcalymma glabrifolium. A–C. Distichous thyrsoids inflorescences; D. Senescent thyrsoid with flowers presenting only sepals and carpels; E. Subthyrsoid apex with distichous cymose subunits; F–I. Flowers in anthesis, flower buds and senescent flowers containing sepals and carpel, note the inflexed anthers pointing to the gynoecium in I. Scale bar.A–D: 2 cm; E–H: 0.5 cm; I: 0.25 cm.A–I: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129576/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Figures 4E–I</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDCFF97AD5EFD6DFB77FD0E" box="[1142,1213,698,725]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,234,1333,1355]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,192,1307]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1435,190,1309]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Androcalymma glabrifolium. A. Detail of the flower, polar view; B. side view; C. Detail of senescent flowers without petals and stamens showing the heteromorphy of the five sepaled calyx; D. Inflorescence with young fruits; E–F: Immature fruits at different sizes. Scale bar. A–C: 0.5 cm; D: 2 cm; E–F: 1 cm.A–F: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129578/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">5A–B</figureCitation>
; Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AC31FD6CFA81FD0F" box="[1305,1355,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">et al</emphasis>
., 2020a; 2020b; 2022; 2023). It is important to note that, now knowing the phylogenetic position of 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AD89FD09FA98FD23" box="[1185,1362,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AD89FD09FA84FD23" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1185,1358,734,760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Androcalymma</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
we can indicate that such character is restricted to a clade that contains the genera above except 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AD4EFCD5FADAFCC7" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[1126,1296,770,796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AD4EFCD5FADAFCC7" box="[1126,1296,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDCFF97AC36FCD5FA4AFCC7" box="[1310,1408,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[136,234,1097,1119]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,317,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-108@12.[151,1436,317,1073]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Maximum likelihood tree presenting the relationship between Androcalymma, few species of Dicorynia, Dialium, and one representative of other 13 Dialioideae genera. Only clades with 60% or higher bootstrap values (represented above each node) are shown. At the center a short representation of the clade containing Androcalymma, Dicorynia, and Dialium with examples of flowers (left) and a floral diagram (right) of each group. Note the trimerous corolla of Dicorynia, the pentamerous one of Androcalymma and the absence of corolla in most species of Dialium, represented here by an American and an Asian species.Also note two stamens in Dicorynia and most Dialium species and four stamens in Androcalymma. Photos: D. platysepalum: Cerlin Ng; D. guianensis: Herve Galliffet; D. paraensis; A. glabrifolium, D. guianense and the floral diagrams and trees: Marcus Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129582/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Figure 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDCFF97A995FCF1FE75FBE7" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,1948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">
6. The drawings of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDCFF97A8B7FCF0FD9DFC9B" author="Koeppen, R. C." box="[415,599,806,833]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref13195" refString="Koeppen, R. C. (1963) Observations on Androcalymma (Cassieae, Caesalpiniaceae). Brittonia 15 (2): 145 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2805401" type="journal article" year="1963">Koeppen (1963)</bibRefCitation>
and Halliday (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDCFF97AA2BFCF1FC12FC9A" author="Lewis, G. P. &amp; Schrire, B. &amp; Mackinder, B. &amp; Lock, M." box="[771,984,806,833]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" refId="ref13454" refString="Lewis, G. P., Schrire, B., Mackinder, B. &amp; Lock, M. (2005) Legumes of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew, UK. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25065563" type="book" year="2005">
Lewis 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AA7AFCF0FC59FC9B" box="[850,915,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">et al.,</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
), based on herbarium specimens, show a wide-open corolla at anthesis with petals strongly separated. Still, our observations of dozens of inflorescences in all states of development, from buds to senescent, indicate that even at full anthesis, the corolla does not completely open, forming a pseudo-tube containing the stamens and the carpel that are reduced compared to the petals. This is highlighted by the form of the unguiculate petal, which in its basal portion is straight and is positioned perpendicular to the receptacle at anthesis and in its apical portion bends outwards, opening the pseudo-tube (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDCFF97AD9DFC0DFA86FC2F" box="[1205,1356,986,1012]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[136,234,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,193,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[151,1435,190,1871]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Androcalymma glabrifolium. A–C. Distichous thyrsoids inflorescences; D. Senescent thyrsoid with flowers presenting only sepals and carpels; E. Subthyrsoid apex with distichous cymose subunits; F–I. Flowers in anthesis, flower buds and senescent flowers containing sepals and carpel, note the inflexed anthers pointing to the gynoecium in I. Scale bar.A–D: 2 cm; E–H: 0.5 cm; I: 0.25 cm.A–I: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129576/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Figures 4E–I</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDCFF97AC70FC0DFA55FC2E" box="[1368,1439,986,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,234,1333,1355]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,192,1307]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1435,190,1309]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Androcalymma glabrifolium. A. Detail of the flower, polar view; B. side view; C. Detail of senescent flowers without petals and stamens showing the heteromorphy of the five sepaled calyx; D. Inflorescence with young fruits; E–F: Immature fruits at different sizes. Scale bar. A–C: 0.5 cm; D: 2 cm; E–F: 1 cm.A–F: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129578/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">5A–B</figureCitation>
). Such a character is rare in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A89EFC29FDFDFBC3" box="[438,567,1022,1048]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dialioideae">Dialioideae</taxonomicName>
being found only in the Asian genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AAC8FC28FAEFFBC2" authority="Chun (1946: 195 - 198)" authorityName="Chun" authorityPageNumber="195 - 198" authorityYear="1946" box="[992,1317,1022,1049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Zenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AAC8FC28FBEAFBC3" box="[992,1056,1023,1048]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Zenia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDCFF97AD0FFC29FAEFFBC2" author="Chun, W. Y." box="[1063,1317,1022,1049]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" pagination="195 - 198" refId="ref11710" refString="Chun, W. Y. (1946) A new genus in the Chinese flora. Sunyatsenia 6 (3 - 4): 195 - 198." type="journal article" year="1946">Chun (1946: 195-198)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which also has pseudo-tubular flowers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDCFF97A995FB90FEBFFB17" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,1948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">
7. The 
<typeStatus id="54968C99FFDCFF97A823FB90FEF1FBBA" box="[267,315,1095,1121]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">type</typeStatus>
of poricidal opening in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AB6EFB91FD3AFBBB" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[582,752,1094,1120]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AB6EFB91FD3AFBBB" box="[582,752,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more similar to the one found in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AD55FB90FB25FBBB" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[1149,1263,1095,1120]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AD55FB90FB25FBBB" box="[1149,1263,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the majority of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A981FBBDFEA8FB5F" box="[169,354,1130,1156]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A981FBBDFECFFB5F" box="[169,261,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dialium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, with two apical pores that do not extend downwards in a late rimose 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97ADB8FBBDFB30FB5F" box="[1168,1274,1130,1156]" form="like" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" rank="form">form like</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AC0AFBBDFAB3FB5F" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[1314,1401,1130,1156]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Apuleia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AC0AFBBDFAB3FB5F" box="[1314,1401,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Apuleia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A9A0FB59FEF4FB73" box="[136,318,1166,1192]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Distemonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A9A0FB59FEF4FB73" box="[136,318,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Distemonanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor fuse to a single late apiculate pore like in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AA76FB59FBC2FB73" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[862,1032,1166,1192]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AA76FB59FBC2FB73" box="[862,1032,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDCFF97AD31FB59FB7BFB73" box="[1049,1201,1166,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,234,1813,1835]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Androcalymma glabrifolium. SEM images.A. Flower bud; B–C. Flower in pre-anthesis with the perianth removed. Note the anthers covering the gynoecium but not yet inflexed; D. side view of anther still closed; E. Front and side view of a stamen at anthesis, note the inflexed anthers. F. Detail of anther with the two open pores; G. Detail of the anther still closed. H Filament with anther removed and apiculate apex; I. Detail of anther surface showing uncinate trichomes and stomata; J. Polar and equatorial view of the pollen grains; K. Side view of the carpel; L. side view of a young fruit, note the reduced wing forming at the left; M. Detail of the ovules; N. Detail of carpel surface showing uncinate and straight trichomes; O. Detail of the stigma and short style; P. Detail of the receptacle with petals, stamens and carpel removed. Note the shallow hypanthium. Scale bar.A–B, E, K–L: 500 µm; C, P: 200 µm; D, F–H, M, O: 100 µm; I: 20 µm; J: 2 µm; N: 50 µm.A–P: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129580/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Figure 6F–G</figureCitation>
; Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AC3BFB58FA9EFB73" box="[1299,1364,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">et al.,</emphasis>
2020b; 2022; 2023; 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A83EFB64FEAEFB17" box="[278,356,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">in prep</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDCFF97A995FB01FC79FACF" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,1948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">
8. The carpel is slightly displaced to the abaxial region of the flower (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDCFF97AAD6FB01FBBFFB2B" box="[1022,1141,1238,1264]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,234,1813,1835]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Androcalymma glabrifolium. SEM images.A. Flower bud; B–C. Flower in pre-anthesis with the perianth removed. Note the anthers covering the gynoecium but not yet inflexed; D. side view of anther still closed; E. Front and side view of a stamen at anthesis, note the inflexed anthers. F. Detail of anther with the two open pores; G. Detail of the anther still closed. H Filament with anther removed and apiculate apex; I. Detail of anther surface showing uncinate trichomes and stomata; J. Polar and equatorial view of the pollen grains; K. Side view of the carpel; L. side view of a young fruit, note the reduced wing forming at the left; M. Detail of the ovules; N. Detail of carpel surface showing uncinate and straight trichomes; O. Detail of the stigma and short style; P. Detail of the receptacle with petals, stamens and carpel removed. Note the shallow hypanthium. Scale bar.A–B, E, K–L: 500 µm; C, P: 200 µm; D, F–H, M, O: 100 µm; I: 20 µm; J: 2 µm; N: 50 µm.A–P: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129580/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Figure 6P</figureCitation>
), as evidenced in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AC65FB01FA6EFB2B" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[1357,1444,1238,1264]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Apuleia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AC65FB01FA6EFB2B" box="[1357,1444,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Apuleia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A9A0FB2DFE65FACF" box="[136,431,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A9A0FB2DFE8BFACF" box="[136,321,1274,1300]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Distemonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Distemonanthus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A864FB2DFE61FACF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[332,427,1274,1300]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dialium</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A8CDFB2CFD9DFACF" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[485,599,1275,1300]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A8CDFB2CFD9DFACF" box="[485,599,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AB91FB2CFD32FACF" box="[697,760,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">et al.,</emphasis>
2020b; 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AA7CFB2CFC68FACF" box="[852,930,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">in prep</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDCFF97A995FAC9FCFAFA7F" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,1948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">
9. The dense non-uncinate pubescence in the short hypanthial cavity where the carpel inserts is similar in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A9A0FA94FF30FA87" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[136,250,1347,1372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A9A0FA94FF30FA87" box="[136,250,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A806FA95FE12FA87" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[302,472,1346,1372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A806FA95FE12FA87" box="[302,472,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while close related genera such as 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AA48FA95FBEDFA87" box="[864,1063,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AA48FA95FC70FA87" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[864,954,1346,1372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Apuleia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Apuleia</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AAECFA95FBE9FA87" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[964,1059,1346,1372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dialium</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AD73FA95FADBFA87" box="[1115,1297,1346,1372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Distemonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AD73FA95FADBFA87" box="[1115,1297,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Distemonanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a longer hypanthium or a flattened disk, both covered by sparse uncinate trichomes and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AD08FAB1FB00FA5B" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[1056,1226,1382,1408]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AD08FAB1FB00FA5B" box="[1056,1226,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a glabrous and shallow receptacle (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDCFF97A84EFA5DFE13FA7F" box="[358,473,1418,1444]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,234,1813,1835]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Androcalymma glabrifolium. SEM images.A. Flower bud; B–C. Flower in pre-anthesis with the perianth removed. Note the anthers covering the gynoecium but not yet inflexed; D. side view of anther still closed; E. Front and side view of a stamen at anthesis, note the inflexed anthers. F. Detail of anther with the two open pores; G. Detail of the anther still closed. H Filament with anther removed and apiculate apex; I. Detail of anther surface showing uncinate trichomes and stomata; J. Polar and equatorial view of the pollen grains; K. Side view of the carpel; L. side view of a young fruit, note the reduced wing forming at the left; M. Detail of the ovules; N. Detail of carpel surface showing uncinate and straight trichomes; O. Detail of the stigma and short style; P. Detail of the receptacle with petals, stamens and carpel removed. Note the shallow hypanthium. Scale bar.A–B, E, K–L: 500 µm; C, P: 200 µm; D, F–H, M, O: 100 µm; I: 20 µm; J: 2 µm; N: 50 µm.A–P: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129580/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Figure 6P</figureCitation>
; Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AB1EFA5CFDA4FA7F" box="[566,622,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
2020b; i 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97ABF1FA5CFCEAFA7F" box="[729,800,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">n prep</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDCFF97A995FA79FBC6F933" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,1948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">
10. The presence of uncinate trichomes in the flower, as mentioned by Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AD10FA78FBA1FA13" box="[1080,1131,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">et al</emphasis>
., (2020b); here observed on anthers (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDCFF97A9CFFA05FE9BFA37" box="[231,337,1490,1516]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,234,1813,1835]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Androcalymma glabrifolium. SEM images.A. Flower bud; B–C. Flower in pre-anthesis with the perianth removed. Note the anthers covering the gynoecium but not yet inflexed; D. side view of anther still closed; E. Front and side view of a stamen at anthesis, note the inflexed anthers. F. Detail of anther with the two open pores; G. Detail of the anther still closed. H Filament with anther removed and apiculate apex; I. Detail of anther surface showing uncinate trichomes and stomata; J. Polar and equatorial view of the pollen grains; K. Side view of the carpel; L. side view of a young fruit, note the reduced wing forming at the left; M. Detail of the ovules; N. Detail of carpel surface showing uncinate and straight trichomes; O. Detail of the stigma and short style; P. Detail of the receptacle with petals, stamens and carpel removed. Note the shallow hypanthium. Scale bar.A–B, E, K–L: 500 µm; C, P: 200 µm; D, F–H, M, O: 100 µm; I: 20 µm; J: 2 µm; N: 50 µm.A–P: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129580/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Figure 6I</figureCitation>
), margins of sepals and surface of gynoecium, which also has larger non-uncinate trichomes (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDCFF97AC48FA05FF64F9CB" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,234,1813,1835]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[213,1373,190,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Androcalymma glabrifolium. SEM images.A. Flower bud; B–C. Flower in pre-anthesis with the perianth removed. Note the anthers covering the gynoecium but not yet inflexed; D. side view of anther still closed; E. Front and side view of a stamen at anthesis, note the inflexed anthers. F. Detail of anther with the two open pores; G. Detail of the anther still closed. H Filament with anther removed and apiculate apex; I. Detail of anther surface showing uncinate trichomes and stomata; J. Polar and equatorial view of the pollen grains; K. Side view of the carpel; L. side view of a young fruit, note the reduced wing forming at the left; M. Detail of the ovules; N. Detail of carpel surface showing uncinate and straight trichomes; O. Detail of the stigma and short style; P. Detail of the receptacle with petals, stamens and carpel removed. Note the shallow hypanthium. Scale bar.A–B, E, K–L: 500 µm; C, P: 200 µm; D, F–H, M, O: 100 µm; I: 20 µm; J: 2 µm; N: 50 µm.A–P: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129580/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Figure 6N</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A9E9FA20FEF9F9CB" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[193,307,1527,1552]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A9E9FA20FEF9F9CB" box="[193,307,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents uncinate trichomes on the anther surface (Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AA97FA20FC3DF9CB" box="[959,1015,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
2022; 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AD6CFA20FB59F9CB" box="[1092,1171,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">In prep</emphasis>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AD83FA21FAC8F9CB" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[1195,1282,1526,1552]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Apuleia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AD83FA21FAC8F9CB" box="[1195,1282,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Apuleia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the anthers, filaments, and hypanthium surfaces (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDCFF97AB06F9CDFC80F9EF" author="Zimmerman, E. &amp; Prenner, G. &amp; Bruneau, A." box="[558,842,1562,1588]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" pagination="188 - 209" refId="ref14378" refString="Zimmerman, E., Prenner, G. &amp; Bruneau, A. (2013) Floral ontogeny in Dialiinae (Caesalpinioideae: Cassieae), a study in organ loss and instability. South African Journal of Botany 89: 188 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. sajb. 2013.06.020" type="journal article" year="2013">
Zimmerman 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97ABECF9CCFCCFF9EF" box="[708,773,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">et al.,</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
; Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AA84F9CCFC2AF9EF" box="[940,992,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">et al</emphasis>
., 2020b), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AD7EF9CDFAC6F9EF" box="[1110,1292,1562,1588]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Distemonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AD7EF9CDFAC6F9EF" box="[1110,1292,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Distemonanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the sepals and anthers (Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A844F9E8FE6FF983" box="[364,421,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A89BF9E8FDC8F983" box="[435,514,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">in prep</emphasis>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AB33F9E9FDBDF983" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[539,631,1598,1624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AB33F9E9FDBDF983" box="[539,631,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dialium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on anthers, carpels, and nectariferous disk (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDCFF97AD4EF9E9FB33F983" author="Tucker, S. C." box="[1126,1273,1598,1624]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" pagination="184 - 208" refId="ref14308" refString="Tucker, S. C. (1998) Floral ontogeny in legume genera Petalostylis, Labichea, and Dialium (Caesalpinioideae: Cassieae), a series in floral reduction. American Journal of Botany 85: 184 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2446307" type="journal article" year="1998">Tucker 1998</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFDCFF97AC2DF9E9FF24F9A7" author="Zimmerman, E. &amp; Prenner, G. &amp; Bruneau, A." pageId="13" pageNumber="150" pagination="188 - 209" refId="ref14378" refString="Zimmerman, E., Prenner, G. &amp; Bruneau, A. (2013) Floral ontogeny in Dialiinae (Caesalpinioideae: Cassieae), a study in organ loss and instability. South African Journal of Botany 89: 188 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. sajb. 2013.06.020" type="journal article" year="2013">
Zimmerman 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97ACBFF9E8FF6FF9A7" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
; Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A863F9B4FE49F9A7" box="[331,387,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A8B8F9B4FE15F9A7" box="[400,479,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">in prep</emphasis>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A8DFF9B4FD91F9A7" authorityName="Steenis" authorityYear="1948" box="[503,603,1635,1660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Uittienia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A8DFF9B4FD91F9A7" box="[503,603,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Uittienia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also present such trichomes in their carpel and receptacle and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AC3DF9B4FA9FF9A7" authorityName="Chun" authorityYear="1946" box="[1301,1365,1635,1660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Zenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AC3DF9B4FA9FF9A7" box="[1301,1365,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Zenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their anthers (Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A815F950FEBDF97B" box="[317,375,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A8AEF950FE1CF97B" box="[390,470,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">in prep</emphasis>
). The first five genera form a clade (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDCFF97AA54F951FC14F97B" box="[892,990,1670,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[136,234,1097,1119]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,317,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-108@12.[151,1436,317,1073]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Maximum likelihood tree presenting the relationship between Androcalymma, few species of Dicorynia, Dialium, and one representative of other 13 Dialioideae genera. Only clades with 60% or higher bootstrap values (represented above each node) are shown. At the center a short representation of the clade containing Androcalymma, Dicorynia, and Dialium with examples of flowers (left) and a floral diagram (right) of each group. Note the trimerous corolla of Dicorynia, the pentamerous one of Androcalymma and the absence of corolla in most species of Dialium, represented here by an American and an Asian species.Also note two stamens in Dicorynia and most Dialium species and four stamens in Androcalymma. Photos: D. platysepalum: Cerlin Ng; D. guianensis: Herve Galliffet; D. paraensis; A. glabrifolium, D. guianense and the floral diagrams and trees: Marcus Falc„o." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129582/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Figure 7</figureCitation>
) and the relations of the last two are not well known but this character can be a potential synapomorphy for all those genera except 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AD5DF97CFB76F91F" box="[1141,1212,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AD5DF97CFB72F91F" authorityName="Chun" authorityYear="1946" box="[1141,1208,1707,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Zenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Zenia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
on which it would be a possible example of convergence (Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AB59F918FD7AF933" box="[625,688,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">et al.,</emphasis>
2020b; present work; 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AA84F918FC31F933" box="[940,1019,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">in prep</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDCFF97A995F925FF28F847" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,1948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">
11. Fruits of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A87EF925FDCAF8D7" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[342,512,1778,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A87EF925FDCAF8D7" box="[342,512,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more related to those in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AA7CF924FC0CF8D7" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[852,966,1779,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AA7CF924FC0CF8D7" box="[852,966,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, shorter and elliptical samaroids with one adaxial reduced wing, while genera like 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AB66F8C1FD32F8EB" authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1935" box="[590,760,1814,1840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AB66F8C1FD32F8EB" box="[590,760,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have two-winged samaras. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AD18F8C1FB46F8EB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1072,1164,1814,1840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AD18F8C1FB46F8EB" box="[1072,1164,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Dialium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present globose camaras, and others like 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97A81EF8EDFE26F88F" box="[310,492,1850,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Distemonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A81EF8EDFE26F88F" box="[310,492,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Distemonanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and some species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97ABF7F8EDFCFCF88F" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[735,822,1850,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Apuleia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97ABF7F8EDFCFCF88F" box="[735,822,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Apuleia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present elongated samaroids (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDCFF97ADA5F8EDFAE7F88E" box="[1165,1325,1850,1877]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[136,234,1333,1355]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,192,1307]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1435,190,1309]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Androcalymma glabrifolium. A. Detail of the flower, polar view; B. side view; C. Detail of senescent flowers without petals and stamens showing the heteromorphy of the five sepaled calyx; D. Inflorescence with young fruits; E–F: Immature fruits at different sizes. Scale bar. A–C: 0.5 cm; D: 2 cm; E–F: 1 cm.A–F: Falcão, M.J. 265; Photos: M. Falc„o" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129578/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Figures 5D–F</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFDCFF97AC12F8EDFA99F88F" box="[1338,1363,1850,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[136,234,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,190,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[269,1318,190,1672]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Morphological comparisons between Androcalymma andDicorynia.A.Stamen of A. glabrifolium; B. Stamen of D.paraensis. Note the thick filament and the similar basifixed insertion which differs for being apiculate only in Androcalymma; Abaxial face of the leaflet base in C. A. glabrifolium; and in D. D. guianensis; Detail of inflorescence in E. A. glabrifolium; and in F. D. paraensis; Floral buds in G. A. glabrifolium; and in H. D. paraensis. Note the unusual imbrication of sepals; I. Fruits in D. paraensis; J. Detail of the flat and elliptical carpel in A. glabrifolium. Note the reduced style; K. Similar but more elongated carpel in D. paraensis. A: Falcão, M.J 265; B, K: Falcão, M.J. 268; C, E, G, J: Krukoff, B. 9005; D: Billiet, F. 4375; F: Amaral, I.L 618; H: Cid, C.A. 3564; I: Falcão, M.J. 91. Scale bar. A, J: 1 mm; B, K: 5 mm; C–D, G–H: 7 mm; E–F, I: 1cm. Source.A–B, G–K: Marcus Falc„o; C–F: Reflora." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129584/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">8I</figureCitation>
; Falc„o 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A9A0F888FF02F8A3" box="[136,200,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">et al.,</emphasis>
2016; 2022; 2023; 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97A88EF888FE3CF8A3" box="[422,502,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">in prep</emphasis>
). Main comparisons between 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDCFF97AA63F889FC3FF8A3" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[843,1013,1886,1912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDCFF97AA63F889FC3FF8A3" box="[843,1013,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="150">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and similar genera are summarized on Table 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDFFF94A988FDE2F937F906" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<table id="F92DC09BFFDF0065A988FDE2F808F906" box="[160,1986,565,1757]" gridcols="6" gridrows="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<tr id="351D3079FFDF0065A988FDE2F808FDB4" box="[160,1986,565,623]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<th id="76CC5905FFDF0065A988FDE2FE6FFDB4" box="[160,421,565,623]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94A988FDE2FE8FFD90" bold="true" box="[160,325,565,587]" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Taxon/Character</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76CC5905FFDF0065A8CBFDE2FD27FDB4" box="[483,749,565,623]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDFFF94A8CBFDE2FDB9FD90" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[483,627,565,587]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94A8CBFDE2FDB9FD90" bold="true" box="[483,627,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76CC5905FFDF0065AA37FDE2FBDDFDB4" box="[799,1047,565,623]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDFFF94AA37FDE2FCB6FD90" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[799,892,565,587]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94AA37FDE2FCB6FD90" bold="true" box="[799,892,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76CC5905FFDF0065AD67FDE2FA9FFDB4" box="[1103,1365,565,623]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDFFF94AD67FDE2FB56FD90" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1103,1180,565,587]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94AD67FDE2FB56FD90" bold="true" box="[1103,1180,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Dialium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76CC5905FFDF0065ACB8FDE2F94FFDB4" box="[1424,1669,565,623]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94ACB8FDE2F9E0FDB4" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDFFF94ACB8FDE2FA13FD90" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[1424,1497,565,587]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Apuleia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94ACB8FDE2FA13FD90" bold="true" box="[1424,1497,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Apuleia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDFFF94ACB8FD8EF9E0FDB4" box="[1424,1578,601,623]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Distemonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94ACB8FD8EF9E0FDB4" bold="true" box="[1424,1578,601,623]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Distemonanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76CC5905FFDF0065AF9EFDE2F808FDB4" box="[1718,1986,565,623]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDFFF94AF9EFDE2F88EFD90" authority="Inflorescences Thyrsoids" authorityName="Inflorescences Thyrsoids" box="[1718,1860,565,587]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94AF9EFDE2F88EFD90" bold="true" box="[1718,1860,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351D3079FFDF0065A988FD6DF808FD2F" box="[160,1986,698,756]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<th id="76CC5905FFDF0065A988FD6DFE6FFD2F" box="[160,421,698,756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94A988FD6DFEE3FD0B" bold="true" box="[160,297,698,720]" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Inflorescences</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065A8CBFD6DFD27FD2F" box="[483,749,698,756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Thyrsoids, subthyrsoids angled strongly upwards</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AA37FD6DFBDDFD2F" box="[799,1047,698,756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Thyrsoids, subthyrsoids angled strongly upwards</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AD67FD6DFA9FFD2F" box="[1103,1365,698,756]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Thyrsoids, subthyrsoids extending horizontally</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065ACB8FD6DF94FFD2F" box="[1424,1669,698,756]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Cymes in thyrsoid synflorescences</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AF9EFD6DF808FD2F" box="[1718,1986,698,756]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Thyrsoids, subthyrsoids extending horizontally</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351D3079FFDF0065A988FCC9F808FC7B" box="[160,1986,798,928]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<th id="76CC5905FFDF0065A988FCC9FE6FFC7B" box="[160,421,798,928]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94A988FCC9FEC3FCA7" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Sepals number, heteromorphy, and aestivation</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065A8CBFCC9FD27FC7B" box="[483,749,798,928]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">5 sepals; heteromorphic, imbricate, 2-3 outer sepals involve the inner ones</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AA37FCC9FBDDFC7B" box="[799,1047,798,928]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">5 sepals; heteromorphic, imbricate, 2-3 outer sepals involve the inner ones</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AD67FCC9FA9FFC7B" box="[1103,1365,798,928]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">5(-6); slightly heteromorphic or not, Imbricate, but generally 5 sepals visible</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065ACB8FCC9F94FFC7B" box="[1424,1669,798,928]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">3 or (4-)5 sepals; slightly heteromorphic or not, slightly imbricate to almost valvate</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AF9EFCC9F808FC7B" box="[1718,1986,798,928]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">5 sepals; slightly heteromorphic, valvate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351D3079FFDF0065A988FC1DF808FBF3" box="[160,1986,970,1064]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<th id="76CC5905FFDF0065A988FC1DFE6FFBF3" box="[160,421,970,1064]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94A988FC1DFE6FFBDF" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Petals number, disposition at anthesis, and aestivation</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065A8CBFC1DFD27FBF3" box="[483,749,970,1064]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">5 petals; pseudo-tube; Erect, curved out; the adaxial more external</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AA37FC1DFBDDFBF3" box="[799,1047,970,1064]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">3 petals; erect, curved out; the adaxial more external</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AD67FC1DFA9FFBF3" box="[1103,1365,970,1064]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">0-1 (rarely 3 or 5) petals; Patent, curved out</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065ACB8FC1DF94FFBF3" box="[1424,1669,970,1064]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">3 petals; patent or erect and curved out, the adaxial more internal</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AF9EFC1DF808FBF3" box="[1718,1986,970,1064]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">5 petals; patent, the adaxial more internal</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351D3079FFDF0065A988FB85F808FBB3" box="[160,1986,1106,1128]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<th id="76CC5905FFDF0065A988FB85FE6FFBB3" box="[160,421,1106,1128]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94A988FB85FED5FBB3" bold="true" box="[160,287,1106,1128]" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Corolla color</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065A8CBFB85FD27FBB3" box="[483,749,1106,1128]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">White</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AA37FB85FBDDFBB3" box="[799,1047,1106,1128]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">White</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AD67FB85FA9FFBB3" box="[1103,1365,1106,1128]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">White</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065ACB8FB85F94FFBB3" box="[1424,1669,1106,1128]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">White</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AF9EFB85F808FBB3" box="[1718,1986,1106,1128]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Yellow</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351D3079FFDF0065A988FB45F808FB73" box="[160,1986,1170,1192]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<th id="76CC5905FFDF0065A988FB45FE6FFB73" box="[160,421,1170,1192]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94A988FB45FEF6FB73" bold="true" box="[160,316,1170,1192]" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Stamen number</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065A8CBFB45FD27FB73" box="[483,749,1170,1192]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">4</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AA37FB45FBDDFB73" box="[799,1047,1170,1192]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">2</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AD67FB45FA9FFB73" box="[1103,1365,1170,1192]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">2 (rarely 5-10)</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065ACB8FB45F94FFB73" box="[1424,1669,1170,1192]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">2-3</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AF9EFB45F808FB73" box="[1718,1986,1170,1192]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">4-5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351D3079FFDF0065A988FB05F808FAD6" box="[160,1986,1234,1293]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<th id="76CC5905FFDF0065A988FB05FE6FFAD6" box="[160,421,1234,1293]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94A988FB05FEDEFAD7" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Type of anthers and their apical pores</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065A8CBFB05FD27FAD6" box="[483,749,1234,1293]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Inflexed; 2 pores</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AA37FB05FBDDFAD6" box="[799,1047,1234,1293]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Erect; 2 pores</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AD67FB05FA9FFAD6" box="[1103,1365,1234,1293]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Erect; 2 pores or rimose in some species</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065ACB8FB05F94FFAD6" box="[1424,1669,1234,1293]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Erect; 2 pores later extending downward</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AF9EFB05F808FAD6" box="[1718,1986,1234,1293]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Erect; 2 pores merging in one late opening</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351D3079FFDF0065A988FAE1F808FAAA" box="[160,1986,1334,1393]" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<th id="76CC5905FFDF0065A988FAE1FE6FFAAA" box="[160,421,1334,1393]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94A988FAE1FE4DFA97" bold="true" box="[160,391,1334,1356]" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Filament type and color</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065A8CBFAE1FD27FAAA" box="[483,749,1334,1393]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Thick; white; apiculate</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AA37FAE1FBDDFAAA" box="[799,1047,1334,1393]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Thick; white; straight</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AD67FAE1FA9FFAAA" box="[1103,1365,1334,1393]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Narrow to thick; white to green; straight to geniculate</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065ACB8FAE1F94FFAAA" box="[1424,1669,1334,1393]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Narrow to thick; white; apiculate</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AF9EFAE1F808FAAA" box="[1718,1986,1334,1393]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Reduced; green; straight</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351D3079FFDF0065A988FA4DF808FA0E" box="[160,1986,1434,1493]" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<th id="76CC5905FFDF0065A988FA4DFE6FFA0E" box="[160,421,1434,1493]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94A988FA4DFF14FA0F" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Carpel position in the flower</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065A8CBFA4DFD27FA0E" box="[483,749,1434,1493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Displaced to abaxial region</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AA37FA4DFBDDFA0E" box="[799,1047,1434,1493]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Displaced to abaxial region</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AD67FA4DFA9FFA0E" box="[1103,1365,1434,1493]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Displaced to abaxial region</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065ACB8FA4DF94FFA0E" box="[1424,1669,1434,1493]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Displaced to abaxial region</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AF9EFA4DF808FA0E" box="[1718,1986,1434,1493]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Not displaced to abaxial region</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351D3079FFDF0065A988FA28F808F9CE" box="[160,1986,1535,1557]" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<th id="76CC5905FFDF0065A988FA28FE6FF9CE" box="[160,421,1535,1557]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94A988FA28FED1F9CE" bold="true" box="[160,283,1535,1557]" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Hypanthium</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065A8CBFA28FD27F9CE" box="[483,749,1535,1557]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Short hypanthium</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AA37FA28FBDDF9CE" box="[799,1047,1535,1557]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Short hypanthium</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AD67FA28FA9FF9CE" box="[1103,1365,1535,1557]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Disk or Long hypanthium</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065ACB8FA28F94FF9CE" box="[1424,1669,1535,1557]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Long hypanthium</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AF9EFA28F808F9CE" box="[1718,1986,1535,1557]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Shallow receptacle</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351D3079FFDF0065A988F9E8F808F9A2" box="[160,1986,1599,1657]" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<th id="76CC5905FFDF0065A988F9E8FE6FF9A2" box="[160,421,1599,1657]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94A988F9E8FF14F9A2" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Uncinate trichomes in flower</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065A8CBF9E8FD27F9A2" box="[483,749,1599,1657]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">In stamens, sepals, and carpel</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AA37F9E8FBDDF9A2" box="[799,1047,1599,1657]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">In stamens</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AD67F9E8FA9FF9A2" box="[1103,1365,1599,1657]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">In stamens, hypanthium, disks, carpel</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065ACB8F9E8F94FF9A2" box="[1424,1669,1599,1657]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">In stamens and hypanthium</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AF9EF9E8F808F9A2" box="[1718,1986,1599,1657]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351D3079FFDF0065A988F974F808F906" box="[160,1986,1699,1757]" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<th id="76CC5905FFDF0065A988F974FE6FF906" box="[160,421,1699,1757]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDFFF94A988F974FF11F962" bold="true" box="[160,219,1699,1721]" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Fruits</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065A8CBF974FD27F906" box="[483,749,1699,1757]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Shorter samaroids (1 reduced wing)</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AA37F974FBDDF906" box="[799,1047,1699,1757]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Shorter samaroids (1 reduced wing)</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AD67F974FA9FF906" box="[1103,1365,1699,1757]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Globose camaras</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065ACB8F974F94FF906" box="[1424,1669,1699,1757]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Elongate samaroids (1 reduced wing)</td>
<td id="76CC5905FFDF0065AF9EF974F808F906" box="[1718,1986,1699,1757]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="151">Monospermic Samaras with 2 wings</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5262B3FFDEFF95A9A0F977FB5EF855" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129584" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8129584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129584/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" startId="15.[136,234,1696,1718]" targetBox="[269,1318,190,1672]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFDEFF95A9A0F977FB5EF855" blockId="15.[136,1452,1696,1934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95A9A0F977FF31F96E" bold="true" box="[136,251,1696,1718]" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
. Morphological comparisons between 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDEFF95AB42F977FD36F96E" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[618,764,1696,1717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95AB42F977FD36F96E" box="[618,764,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95AA0EF976FC45F96D" box="[806,911,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDEFF95AA0EF976FC40F96D" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[806,906,1697,1718]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dicorynia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A. Stamen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDEFF95AD3AF976FB69F96E" box="[1042,1187,1696,1718]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrifolium">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95AD3AF976FB69F96E" box="[1042,1187,1696,1718]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">A. glabrifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; B. Stamen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDEFF95AC04F976FA6FF96D" box="[1324,1445,1697,1718]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95AC04F976FA6FF96D" box="[1324,1445,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">D. paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Note the thick filament and the similar basifixed insertion which differs for being apiculate only in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDEFF95AD79F913FB29F902" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1105,1251,1732,1753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95AD79F913FB29F902" box="[1105,1251,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Abaxial face of the leaflet base in C. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDEFF95A804F93EFE74F926" box="[300,446,1768,1790]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrifolium">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95A804F93EFE74F926" box="[300,446,1768,1790]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">A. glabrifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and in D. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDEFF95AB0EF93EFD60F925" box="[550,682,1769,1790]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95AB0EF93EFD60F925" box="[550,682,1769,1790]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">D. guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Detail of inflorescence in E. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDEFF95AAEDF93EFB9DF926" box="[965,1111,1768,1790]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrifolium">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95AAEDF93EFB9DF926" box="[965,1111,1768,1790]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">A. glabrifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and in F. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDEFF95AD92F93EFAF9F925" box="[1210,1331,1769,1790]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95AD92F93EFAF9F925" box="[1210,1331,1769,1790]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">D. paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Floral buds in G. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDEFF95A9E8F8DAFE9EF8FA" box="[192,340,1804,1826]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrifolium">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95A9E8F8DAFE9EF8FA" box="[192,340,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">A. glabrifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and in H. 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95A8ECF8DAFD8DF8F9" box="[452,583,1805,1826]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDEFF95A8ECF8DAFD89F8F9" box="[452,579,1805,1826]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraensis">D. paraensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Note the unusual imbrication of sepals; I. Fruits in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDEFF95AD68F8DAFB76F8F9" box="[1088,1212,1805,1826]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95AD68F8DAFB76F8F9" box="[1088,1212,1805,1826]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">D. paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; J. Detail of the flat and elliptical carpel in 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95A814F8E6FE1CF89E" box="[316,470,1840,1862]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDEFF95A814F8E6FE18F89E" box="[316,466,1840,1862]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrifolium">A. glabrifolium</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Note the reduced style; K. Similar but more elongated carpel in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFDEFF95AD6DF8E6FB0AF89D" box="[1093,1216,1841,1862]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95AD6DF8E6FB0AF89D" box="[1093,1216,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">D. paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A: 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95ADC1F8E7FA42F89E" box="[1257,1416,1840,1862]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">Falcão, M.J 265</emphasis>
; B, K: 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95A98EF883FEEBF8B1" box="[166,289,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">Falcão, M.J.</emphasis>
268; C, E, G, J: 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95A896F883FD97F8B2" box="[446,605,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">Krukoff, B. 9005</emphasis>
; D: 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95ABAFF883FCDFF8B2" box="[647,789,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">Billiet, F. 4375</emphasis>
; F: 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95AA12F883FC18F8B2" box="[826,978,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">Amaral, I.L 618</emphasis>
; H: 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95AAD4F883FB41F8B2" box="[1020,1163,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">Cid, C.A. 3564</emphasis>
; I: 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFDEFF95AD83F883FAECF8B1" box="[1195,1318,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="152">Falcão, M.J.</emphasis>
91. Scale bar. A, J: 1 mm; B, K: 5 mm; C–D, G–H: 7 mm; E–F, I: 1cm. Source. A–B, G–K: Marcus Falc„o; C–F: Reflora.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFC1FF8AA995FF4AFA5FFD9F" blockId="16.[136,1452,157,1264]" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AA995FF4AFDCEFF6C" bold="true" box="[189,516,157,183]" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Phylogenetic Comments:—</emphasis>
The only systematic study on legumes until now to include 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAD8CFF49FA84FF63" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1188,1358,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAD8CFF49FA84FF63" box="[1188,1358,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the analysis by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFC1FF8AA821FF15FDEBFF07" author="Zimmerman, E. &amp; Herendeen, P. S. &amp; Lewis, G. P. &amp; Bruneau, A." box="[265,545,194,220]" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" pagination="1019 - 1041" refId="ref14438" refString="Zimmerman, E., Herendeen, P. S., Lewis, G. P. &amp; Bruneau, A. (2017) Floral evolution and phylogeny of the Dialioideae, a diverse subfamily of tropical legumes. American Journal of Botany 104: 1019 - 1041. https: // doi. org / 10.3732 / ajb. 1600436" type="journal article" year="2017">
Zimmerman 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AA8B0FF14FE05FF07" box="[408,463,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
, which concatenated molecular and morphological data to generate a phylogenetic analysis with all 17 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AA84DFF31FE2CFEDB" box="[357,486,230,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dialioideae">Dialioideae</taxonomicName>
genera. However, data on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAA27FF31FC73FEDB" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[783,953,230,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAA27FF31FC73FEDB" box="[783,953,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was only morphological and the constrained morphological + molecular analysis presented resolved 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAA23FEDDFC7FFEFF" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[779,949,266,292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAA23FEDDFC7FFEFF" box="[779,949,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAD38FEDDFBA6FEFF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1040,1132,266,292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAD38FEDDFBA6FEFF" box="[1040,1132,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Dialium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, among species that do not morphologically resemble 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AA89EFEF9FDAAFE93" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[438,608,302,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AA89EFEF9FDAAFE93" box="[438,608,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in leaves, flowers, or fruits. The authors postulate that, despite similarities in the leaf morphology and in the thyrsoid compound inflorescences, there are no floral characteristics binding these two genera, which is problematic since such a result was obtained based on a morphological matrix and the leaf and inflorescence similarities mentioned between 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AABADFE4DFD2BFE6F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[645,737,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AABADFE4DFD2BFE6F" box="[645,737,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Dialium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAA3DFE4DFC75FE6F" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[789,959,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAA3DFE4DFC75FE6F" box="[789,959,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the same as almost all other 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAC0BFE4DFA6DFE6F" box="[1315,1447,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dialioideae">Dialioideae</taxonomicName>
, not being useful to define such a clade. The only character relating 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAAA2FE69FC2CFE03" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[906,998,446,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAAA2FE69FC2CFE03" box="[906,998,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Dialium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAD37FE69FB03FE03" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1055,1225,446,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAD37FE69FB03FE03" box="[1055,1225,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the carpel shape, which is elliptical, while in other genera, including 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AABF3FE34FC87FE27" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[731,845,483,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AABF3FE34FC87FE27" box="[731,845,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the carpels are more elongated (
<figureCitation id="13162EBEFFC1FF8AADE5FE35FAA1FE27" box="[1229,1387,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[136,234,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,190,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[269,1318,190,1672]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Morphological comparisons between Androcalymma andDicorynia.A.Stamen of A. glabrifolium; B. Stamen of D.paraensis. Note the thick filament and the similar basifixed insertion which differs for being apiculate only in Androcalymma; Abaxial face of the leaflet base in C. A. glabrifolium; and in D. D. guianensis; Detail of inflorescence in E. A. glabrifolium; and in F. D. paraensis; Floral buds in G. A. glabrifolium; and in H. D. paraensis. Note the unusual imbrication of sepals; I. Fruits in D. paraensis; J. Detail of the flat and elliptical carpel in A. glabrifolium. Note the reduced style; K. Similar but more elongated carpel in D. paraensis. A: Falcão, M.J 265; B, K: Falcão, M.J. 268; C, E, G, J: Krukoff, B. 9005; D: Billiet, F. 4375; F: Amaral, I.L 618; H: Cid, C.A. 3564; I: Falcão, M.J. 91. Scale bar. A, J: 1 mm; B, K: 5 mm; C–D, G–H: 7 mm; E–F, I: 1cm. Source.A–B, G–K: Marcus Falc„o; C–F: Reflora." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8129584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8129584/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Figures 8J–K</figureCitation>
). The authors (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFC1FF8AA9C2FDD1FDCAFDFB" author="Zimmerman, E. &amp; Herendeen, P. S. &amp; Lewis, G. P. &amp; Bruneau, A." box="[234,512,518,544]" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" pagination="1019 - 1041" refId="ref14438" refString="Zimmerman, E., Herendeen, P. S., Lewis, G. P. &amp; Bruneau, A. (2017) Floral evolution and phylogeny of the Dialioideae, a diverse subfamily of tropical legumes. American Journal of Botany 104: 1019 - 1041. https: // doi. org / 10.3732 / ajb. 1600436" type="journal article" year="2017">
Zimmerman 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AA856FDD0FE74FDFB" box="[382,446,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">et al.,</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
) also point out a possible relationship between 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAD34FDD0FB96FDFB" authorityName="Chun" authorityYear="1946" box="[1052,1116,519,544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Zenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAD34FDD0FB96FDFB" box="[1052,1116,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Zenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AADBDFDD1FAF5FDFB" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1173,1343,518,544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AADBDFDD1FAF5FDFB" box="[1173,1343,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but base this on characters widespread among 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAB05FDFDFD7BFD9F" box="[557,689,554,580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dialioideae">Dialioideae</taxonomicName>
, like the combination of five sepals, five petals, and four stamens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFC1FF8AA995FD99FC06FBE7" blockId="16.[136,1452,157,1264]" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">
Two recent studies included 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAB22FD99FD41FDB3" box="[522,651,590,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dialioideae">Dialioideae</taxonomicName>
and other legume taxa within a broader context. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFC1FF8AADE3FD99FA6DFDB3" author="Kates, H. R. &amp; O'Meara, B. C. &amp; LaFrance, R. &amp; Stull, G. W. &amp; James, E. K. &amp; Conde, D. &amp; Liu, S. &amp; Tian, Q. &amp; Yi, T. &amp; Kirst, M. &amp; Ane, J. - M. &amp; Soltis, D. E. &amp; Guralnick, R. P. &amp; Soltis, P. S. &amp; Folk, R. A." box="[1227,1447,590,616]" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" refId="ref12884" refString="Kates, H. R., O'Meara, B. C., LaFrance, R., Stull, G. W., James, E. K., Conde, D., Liu, S., Tian, Q., Yi, T., Kirst, M., Ane, J. - M., Soltis, D. E., Guralnick, R. P., Soltis, P. S. &amp; Folk, R. A. (2022) Two shifts in evolutionary lability underlie independent gains and losses of rootnodule symbiosis in a single clade of plants. bioRxiv 2022 - 07. https: // doi. org / 10.1101 / 2022.07.31.502231" type="book" year="2022">
Kates 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAC3DFD98FA9AFDB3" box="[1301,1360,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
, focusing on the genetic bases of nodulation among N² fixing Rosidae, sequenced about 12.700 species through herbarium specimens’ extractions. Observing the paper’s supplementary material, we could find that 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAC29FD41FA61FD6B" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1281,1451,662,688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAC29FD41FA61FD6B" box="[1281,1451,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was sequenced among thousands of other Legumes, and a relationship with 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAAF3FD6CFB87FD0F" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[987,1101,699,724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAAF3FD6CFB87FD0F" box="[987,1101,699,724]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be seen in one of the trees. Still, no mentions on relationships within legumes are made in the work that is not focused on such a theme and some oddities can be seen in the tree as the non-monophyly of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAA2BFCD5FC95FCC7" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[771,863,770,796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAA2BFCD5FC95FCC7" box="[771,863,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Dialium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAABDFCD4FBCDFCC7" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[917,1031,771,796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAABDFCD4FBCDFCC7" box="[917,1031,771,796]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAD6EFCD4FA61FCC6" authority="Harms (1899: 275)" authorityName="Harms AF" authorityPageNumber="275" authorityYear="1899" box="[1094,1451,770,797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dialium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dinklagei">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAD6EFCD4FB90FCC7" box="[1094,1114,771,796]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAD40FCD5FB1AFCC7" box="[1128,1232,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">dinklagei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFC1FF8AADFFFCD5FA61FCC6" author="Harms, H. A. T." box="[1239,1451,770,797]" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" pagination="235 - 245" refId="ref12663" refString="Harms, H. A. T. (1899) Leguminosae Africanae. In: Engler, A. Beitrage zur Flora von Afrika. Botanische Jahrb ¸ cher f ¸ r Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 26: 235 - 245." type="journal article" year="1899">Harms (1899: 275)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as sister of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AA824FCF1FEA9FC9B" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1837" box="[268,355,806,832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Apuleia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AA824FCF1FEA9FC9B" box="[268,355,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Apuleia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AA8B5FCF1FD99FC9B" box="[413,595,806,832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Distemonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AA8B5FCF1FD99FC9B" box="[413,595,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Distemonanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AABBDFCF0FB5DFC9B" authority="Amshoff (1939: 28 - 31)" authorityName="Amshoff MK" authorityPageNumber="28 - 31" authorityYear="1939" box="[661,1175,806,832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AABBDFCF0FC4DFC9B" box="[661,903,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Dicorynia guianensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFC1FF8AAAA7FCF1FB5DFC9B" author="Amshoff, G. J. H." box="[911,1175,806,832]" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" pagination="28 - 31" refId="ref11001" refString="Amshoff, G. J. H. (1939) On South American Papilionaceae. Mededeelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijks. Universiteit te Utrecht 52: 28 - 31." type="journal article" year="1939">Amshoff (1939: 28-31)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, distant from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAC12FCF0FDCDFCBF" authority="Bentham (1840: 82 - 83)" authorityName="Bentham" authorityPageNumber="82 - 83" authorityYear="1840" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAC12FCF0FF3FFCBF" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Dicorynia paraensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFC1FF8AA9D4FC9DFDCDFCBF" author="Bentham, G." box="[252,519,842,868]" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" pagination="82 - 83" refId="ref11553" refString="Bentham, G. (1840) Schomburgk's Guiana Plants. Journal of Botany, being a second series of the Botanical Miscellany 2: 82 - 83." type="journal article" year="1840">Bentham (1840: 82-83)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, being sister of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAB91FC9CFCD7FCBF" authorityName="Steenis" authorityYear="1948" box="[697,797,843,868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Uittienia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAB91FC9CFCD7FCBF" box="[697,797,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Uittienia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAA7CFC9DFC34FCBF" box="[852,1022,842,868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Martiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAA7CFC9DFC34FCBF" box="[852,1022,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Martiodendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, results that strongly disagree with all previous phylogenetic and morphological studies. The Paftol initiative (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4FCAFFC1FF8AAA96FCB9FB59FC53" author="Baker, W. J. &amp; Bailey, P. &amp; Barber, V. &amp; Barker, A. &amp; Bellot, S. &amp; Bishop, D. &amp; Botigue, L. R. &amp; Brewer, G. &amp; Carruthers, T. &amp; Clarkson, J. J. &amp; Cook, J. &amp; Cowan, R. S. &amp; Dodsworth, S. &amp; Epitawalage, N. &amp; Francoso, E. &amp; Gallego, B. &amp; Johnson, M. G. &amp; Kim, J. T. &amp; Leempoel, K. &amp; Maurin, O. &amp; Mcginnie, C. &amp; Pokorny, L. &amp; Roy, S. &amp; Stone, M. &amp; Toledo, E. &amp; Wickett, N. J. &amp; Zuntini, A. R. &amp; Eiserhardt, W. L. &amp; Kersey, P. J. &amp; Leitch, I. J. &amp; Forest, F." box="[958,1171,878,904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" pagination="301 - 319" refId="ref11224" refString="Baker, W. J., Bailey, P., Barber, V., Barker, A., Bellot, S., Bishop, D., Botigue, L. R., Brewer, G., Carruthers, T., Clarkson, J. J., Cook, J., Cowan, R. S., Dodsworth, S., Epitawalage, N., Francoso, E., Gallego, B., Johnson, M. G., Kim, J. T., Leempoel, K., Maurin, O., Mcginnie, C., Pokorny, L., Roy, S., Stone, M., Toledo, E., Wickett, N. J., Zuntini, A. R., Eiserhardt, W. L., Kersey, P. J., Leitch, I. J. &amp; Forest, F. (2022) A Comprehensive Phylogenomic Platform for Exploring the Angiosperm Tree of Life. Systematic Biology 71: 301 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syab 035" type="journal article" year="2022">
Baker 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAD24FCB8FB84FC53" box="[1036,1102,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">et al.,</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
), aiming to sequence all plant genera and half of fungi, produced huge trees that can be accessed online on which 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAD54FC45FAECFC77" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1148,1318,914,940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAD54FC45FAECFC77" box="[1148,1318,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also be seen together with 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AA849FC60FE19FC0B" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[353,467,951,976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AA849FC60FE19FC0B" box="[353,467,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, apparently sampled from one of the old Krukoff’s herbarium specimens. In this case, only a single specimen of one species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AAB64FC0CFD74FC2F" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[588,702,987,1012]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AAB64FC0CFD74FC2F" box="[588,702,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was sampled, not verifying the monophyly of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AADEAFC0CFAFEFC2F" authorityName=", Koeppen" authorityYear="1967" box="[1218,1332,987,1012]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dicorynia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AADEAFC0CFAFEFC2F" box="[1218,1332,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Dicorynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in relation to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D49B8FFC1FF8AA98EFC29FE9AFBC3" baseAuthorityName="Koeppen" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[166,336,1022,1048]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Androcalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AA98EFC29FE9AFBC3" box="[166,336,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Androcalymma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is also noteworthy that even these two phylogenies, based on next-generation sequencings and being strongly supported, show several incongruences between each other.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33761B0FFC1FF8AA995FB92FE5DFB2B" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B92323BFFC1FF8AA995FB92FE5DFB2B" blockId="16.[136,1452,157,1264]" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AA995FB92FDA6FB84" bold="true" box="[189,620,1093,1119]" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Additional Specimen Examined:—</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F33A72ABFFC1FF8AAB44FB91FD1CFBBB" box="[620,726,1094,1120]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AABC0FB92FCA1FB84" bold="true" box="[744,875,1093,1119]" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">
<collectingRegion id="49E9FCD9FFC1FF8AABC0FB92FCADFB84" box="[744,871,1093,1119]" country="Brazil" name="Amazonas" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
.
</emphasis>
Municipality 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF6A841FFC1FF8AAD31FB91FAE4FBBB" box="[1049,1326,1094,1120]" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">S„o Paulo de Olivença</collectingMunicipality>
[currently 
<location id="8EF264E0FFC1FF8AA9A0FBBDFF37FB5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384832DFFD5FF8AA9A0F9E3FE5DFB2B:8EF264E0FFC1FF8AA9A0FBBDFF37FB5F" box="[136,253,1130,1156]" country="Brazil" county="High forest" municipality="S &quot; o Paulo de Olivenca" name="Tabatinga" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" stateProvince="Amazonas">Tabatinga</location>
]; basin of creek 
<location id="8EF264E0FFC1FF8AA895FBBDFDC3FB5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384832DFFD5FF8AA9A0F9E3FE5DFB2B:8EF264E0FFC1FF8AA895FBBDFDC3FB5F" box="[445,521,1130,1156]" country="Brazil" county="High forest" municipality="S &quot; o Paulo de Olivenca" name="Belem" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" stateProvince="Amazonas">Belem</location>
, tree 
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<elevation id="0000D508FFC1FF8AAB63FBBDFD46FB5F" box="[587,652,1130,1156]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3528" pageId="16" pageNumber="153" unit="ft" value="110.0">110ft.</elevation>
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high, trunk 18 ft. diam. Terra firma. High forest. 
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</date>
, 
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<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AA9A0FB59FF14FB73" box="[136,222,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Krukoff</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B959EE29FFC1FF8AA9C7FB59FED5FB73" box="[239,287,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">B.A.</emphasis>
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8827 (
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; 
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, arredores da comunidade, mata primária de terra firme, 
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, Árvore com mais de 30 metros, 
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de DAP. 
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, 
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<collectorName id="26D857EDFFC1FF8AADBBFB65FAEFFB17" box="[1171,1317,1202,1228]" pageId="16" pageNumber="153">Falcão, M.J.</collectorName>
265
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(
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!);
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275
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(
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!).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>