340 lines
48 KiB
XML
340 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="A4D7D67ED776939C4D9966B124014A62" ID-CLB-Dataset="28413" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4564.2.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8ca25900-3a6f-4f10-9331-dff9eeccbb8d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2589400" ID-ZooBank="FDADF9CA-379C-4980-8AE4-D47F58537E3F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1552236971884" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rocha, Rosana M. & Counts, Bailey Keegan" docDate="2019" docId="03DA3E07B05CFFFC85E1DD9303DDFF40" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4564.2.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4564 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pyura imesa Rocha & Counts 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="81CA0AEF-68EF-4C1A-B7A0-F8BDD1CACC15" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="497" masterDocId="FFE3467FB058FFFA8576DD040707FB3D" masterDocTitle="Pyura (Tunicata: Ascidiacea: Pyuridae) on the coasts of Panama" masterLastPageNumber="513" masterPageNumber="491" pageNumber="495" updateTime="1732493179686" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0D82EA3DF89BB57582B0EB471B7D557D">Pyura (Tunicata: Ascidiacea: Pyuridae) on the coasts of Panama</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4BEF92517DB7873ADAF23CCD3565A752">Rocha, Rosana M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="04C7316B96B7F55964AC3473D19640A2">Counts, Bailey Keegan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C239CB09B0F05D08AFBD38844A94080D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C064D016116BA942F71E5796A1056CC1">
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<mods:date id="B723BEACF5ABE0D6DB99684DA047418D">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="21405F1C678DC0C8F10E10E87DED8F1D">2019-03-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3B6E58AFDD14B16B5BF934FBCD9720F8">4564</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DA3E07B05CFFFC85E1DD9303DDFF40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5930326" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154366703" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5930326" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:81CA0AEF-68EF-4C1A-B7A0-F8BDD1CACC15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA3E07B05CFFFC85E1DD9303DDFF40" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" scope_class="Ascidiacea" scope_family="Pyuridae" scope_subPhylum="Tunicata">
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<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05CFFFE85E1DD930695FB8F" blockId="4.[151,1004,151,247]" box="[151,402,151,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
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<emphasis id="B9075303B05CFFFE85E1DD930695FB8F" bold="true" box="[151,402,151,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
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<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05CFFFE85E1DD93062AFB8C" ID-CoL="CG97V" authority="Rocha & Counts, 2019" authorityName="Rocha & Counts" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,301,151,177]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imesa" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9075303B05CFFFE85E1DD93062AFB8C" bold="true" box="[151,301,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Pyura imesa</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A234EE78B05CFFFE8443DD9C0695FB8F" box="[309,402,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C369DC9AB05CFFFE85E1DDBE04EBFBCA" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05CFFFE85E1DDBE0629FBEE" blockId="4.[151,1004,151,247]" box="[151,302,186,211]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13489394B05CFFFE85E8DDBE060DFBEE" box="[158,266,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1009,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,1009,1732]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pyura imesa sp. nov. A. External view of animal. B. Right side of the holotype. C. Left side of the paratype. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589406/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Figures 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13489394B05CFFFE8461DDBF0621FBEE" box="[279,294,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyura imesa sp. nov. A. Dissected and stained holotype, without the pharynx (arrowheads pointing endocarps). B. Stained anterior region with the oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (black arrowhead). C. Stained atrial siphon region, showing the vellum (white arrowheads), anus (black arrowhead) and left gonoducts (gray arrowhead). D. Detail of oral tentacle (stained). E. Detail of stigmata and parastigmata vessels in a stained pharynx. F. Detail of the digestive gland. G. Detail of the left gonad and endocarps along the descending intestine. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05CFFFE85E1DC2C06FDFA01" ID-CoL="4QY9J" authority=": Tokioka, 1972: 403" authorityName=": Tokioka" authorityPageNumber="403" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,506,294,317]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lignosa">
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<emphasis id="B9075303B05CFFFE85E1DC2C0621FA01" box="[151,294,294,317]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Pyura lignosa</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD2A900B05CFFFE8445DC2206FDFA01" author="Tokioka, T." box="[307,506,294,316]" page="403" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" year="1972">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B05CFFFE8445DC2206CFFA01" author="Tokioka, T." box="[307,456,294,316]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" pagination="383 - 408" refId="ref12215" refString="Tokioka, T. (1972) On a small collection of ascidians from the pacific coast of Costa Rica. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 19 (6), 383 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 175738" type="journal article" year="1972">Tokioka, 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 403
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 10, 65–70;?
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD2A900B05CFFFE87C4DC230496FA01" author="Van Name, W. G." box="[690,913,294,316]" page="336" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" year="1945">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B05CFFFE87C4DC230458FA01" author="Van Name, W. G." box="[690,863,294,316]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref12263" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name, 1945</bibRefCitation>
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: 336
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05CFFFE85E1DC4205DCFA66" blockId="4.[151,917,294,347]" box="[151,731,325,347]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB63A83FB05CFFFE85E1DC4205DCFA66" box="[151,731,325,347]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
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Not
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<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05CFFFE85B5DC4205D0FA66" ID-CoL="4QY9J" authority="Michaelsen, 1908: 256" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityPageNumber="256" authorityYear="1908" box="[195,727,325,347]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lignosa" subGenus="Halocynthia">
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<emphasis id="B9075303B05CFFFE85B5DC4206E1FA66" box="[195,486,325,347]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Pyura (Halocynthia) lignosa</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD2A900B05CFFFE849ADC4105D0FA66" author="Michaelsen, W." box="[492,727,325,347]" page="256" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" year="1908">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B05CFFFE849ADC4105A3FA66" author="Michaelsen, W." box="[492,676,325,347]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" pagination="227 - 287" refId="ref11681" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1908) Die Pyuriden [Halocynthiiden] des NaturhistorischenMuseums zu Hamburg. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 25, suppl. 2, 227 - 287." type="journal article" year="1908">Michaelsen, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 256
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C369DC9AB05CFFFE85E1DC830594F931" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B9075303B05CFFFE85E1DC830693FA9D" bold="true" box="[151,404,391,416]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Materials examined:</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54C831B3B05CFFFE84D4DC830508FA9D" box="[418,527,391,416]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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Isla
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coast of
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,
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<emphasis id="B9075303B05CFFFE84CDDCA806E2FAF9" box="[443,485,428,452]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">leg.</emphasis>
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<collectorName id="2686EAC7B05CFFFE849DDCA9057AFAF8" box="[491,637,428,453]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">R. M. Rocha</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FFCDA9D1B05CFFFE87FEDCA8040DFAF9" box="[648,778,428,452]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" value="2009-10-01">
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<collectingDate id="EF895039B05CFFFE87FEDCA8040DFAF9" box="[648,778,428,452]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" value="2009-10-01">10.01.2009</collectingDate>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05CFFFE85B1DCCB0594F931" blockId="4.[151,1437,391,957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
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<materialsCitation id="3B1B854CB05CFFFE85B1DCCB0589F931" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2012768538" collectingDate="2009-10-01" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="R. M. Rocha" country="Panama" county="Pacific" latitude="7.7383337" location="Canales de Tierra" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-81.579666" municipality="Shark Point" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" specimenCode="PYU-126" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B9075303B05CFFFE85B1DCCB063AFAD5" bold="true" box="[199,317,463,488]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
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<typeStatus id="54C831B3B05CFFFE85B1DCCB063FFAD5" box="[199,312,463,488]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED6217D4B05CFFFE843BDCD40691FADA" box="[333,406,464,487]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
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Isla
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,
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coast of
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|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05CFFFE8436DCF0066EF931" box="[320,361,500,524]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectorName id="2686EAC7B05CFFFE8406DCF10505F930" box="[368,514,500,525]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">R. M. Rocha</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCDA9D1B05CFFFE877BDCF00589F931" box="[525,654,500,524]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" value="2009-10-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF895039B05CFFFE877BDCF00589F931" box="[525,654,500,524]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" value="2009-10-01">10.01.2009</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369DC9AB05CFFFE85B1DF1303C6F968" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05CFFFE85B1DF1303C6F968" blockId="4.[151,1437,391,957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05CFFFE85B1DF130649F90D" bold="true" box="[199,334,535,560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name is a homage to the Integrated Molecular Ecology of Sponges and Ascidians lab at The University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B741F3B05CFFFE8444DF3806DCF968" box="[306,475,572,597]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
Wilmington for their contributions to ascidian molecular ecology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369DC9AB05CFFFC85B1DF5B037DF9B9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05CFFFE85B1DF5B0477F810" blockId="4.[151,1437,391,957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05CFFFE85B1DF5B065EF945" bold="true" box="[199,345,607,632]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Only two specimens of this species were found in the collection. They were found under rocks, attached by their left or posterior region. Living specimens are orange even in preserved samples (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05CFFFE8074DF800259F9A1" box="[1282,1374,644,669]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1009,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,1009,1732]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pyura imesa sp. nov. A. External view of animal. B. Right side of the holotype. C. Left side of the paratype. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589406/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
), and pearly white on the inside. The tunic is tough,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B22F4B05CFFFE87D8DFAC040AF982" box="[686,781,680,704]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick, and divided into small patches on the surface. The siphons are distant from each other with many tubercles around them, but no spinules or scales on their rim or internal lining. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C831B3B05CFFFE840FDFEB06DCF835" box="[377,475,751,776]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B22F4B05CFFFE8488DFF40531F83A" box="[510,566,752,776]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
at its longest length and it is
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B22F4B05CFFFE86F1DFF404B8F83A" box="[903,959,752,776]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
high including the tunic, and it is slightly laterally flat. The siphons are both
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B22F4B05CFFFE8768DE10056DF811" box="[542,618,788,812]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" unit="cm" value="0.9">0.9 cm</quantity>
|
||
long without the tunic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05CFFFE85B1DE330564F880" blockId="4.[151,1437,391,957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
|
||
The body wall is cream colored after fixation. Thin circular muscle fibers are densely packed around the siphons. Longitudinal muscles radiate from the siphons and are placed so tightly together in wide bands that they form a continuous sheet, resulting in the body wall being opaque in the anterior half of each side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05CFFFE8067DE7B0288F8A5" box="[1297,1423,895,920]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1009,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,1009,1732]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pyura imesa sp. nov. A. External view of animal. B. Right side of the holotype. C. Left side of the paratype. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589406/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is a large velum in the oral siphon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0CDF99B05CFFFE85E1DBDD060CFC33" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589406/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" startId="4.[151,250,1753,1775]" targetBox="[151,1436,1009,1732]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05CFFFE85E1DBDD060CFC33" blockId="4.[151,1436,1753,1806]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05CFFFE85E1DBDD0615FDD3" bold="true" box="[151,274,1753,1775]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05CFFFE846FDBDE069FFDD2" authority="Rocha & Counts, 2019" authorityName="Rocha & Counts" authorityYear="2019" box="[281,408,1754,1775]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imesa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05CFFFE846FDBDE069FFDD2" box="[281,408,1754,1775]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Pyura imesa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05CFFFE84E8DBDD06E9FDD3" bold="true" box="[414,494,1753,1774]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A234EE78B05CFFFE84E8DBDD06E9FDD3" box="[414,494,1753,1774]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A. External view of animal. B. Right side of the holotype. C. Left side of the paratype. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05CFFFF85B1DA310268FBE9" blockId="4.[151,1436,1845,2014]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="496" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
|
||
The tentacles are at the level of a strong band of circular muscles. There are 16 total in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C831B3B05CFFFE81CCDA310218FC73" box="[1210,1311,1845,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the largest are more prevalent, with just a few small tentacles occasionally in-between. The right side of the specimen presents more tentacles than the left side where the tentacles are very spaced (1.0 mm apart from each other). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C831B3B05CFFFE804ADA7A029BFCAB" box="[1340,1436,1918,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
has 12 oral tentacles. They are short, laterally flattened, with slightly large base. They have long second order ramifications lined along the middle of each side or displaced posteriorly, and minute second order ramifications (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05DFFFF85E9DD93061DFB8D" box="[159,282,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyura imesa sp. nov. A. Dissected and stained holotype, without the pharynx (arrowheads pointing endocarps). B. Stained anterior region with the oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (black arrowhead). C. Stained atrial siphon region, showing the vellum (white arrowheads), anus (black arrowhead) and left gonoducts (gray arrowhead). D. Detail of oral tentacle (stained). E. Detail of stigmata and parastigmata vessels in a stained pharynx. F. Detail of the digestive gland. G. Detail of the left gonad and endocarps along the descending intestine. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589408/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="496">Fig. 4B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). A small distance,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B22F4B05DFFFF8483DD93055CFB92" box="[501,603,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="496" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
, separates the tentacles and the prepharyngeal groove which is made up of two equal size lamellae. The lamellae form a deep V around the distinctive V-shaped dorsal tubercle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05DFFFF807CDDB80265FBE9" box="[1290,1378,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyura imesa sp. nov. A. Dissected and stained holotype, without the pharynx (arrowheads pointing endocarps). B. Stained anterior region with the oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (black arrowhead). C. Stained atrial siphon region, showing the vellum (white arrowheads), anus (black arrowhead) and left gonoducts (gray arrowhead). D. Detail of oral tentacle (stained). E. Detail of stigmata and parastigmata vessels in a stained pharynx. F. Detail of the digestive gland. G. Detail of the left gonad and endocarps along the descending intestine. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589408/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="496">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05DFFFF85B1DDDB0209FA59" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="496">
|
||
The dorsal lamina does not start immediately after the prepharyngeal groove; instead, it starts after a short distance and it is divided in 90 languets (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C831B3B05DFFFF8713DC0005CDFA20" box="[613,714,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="496" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) that are often found facing toward the right side. The length of the languets increases posteriorly and each languet lines up with the transverse vessels of the pharynx. The pharynx presents six folds per side. The vessel formula of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C831B3B05DFFFF879DDC48044AFA58" box="[747,845,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="496" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is (from right to left, for a total of 200):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05DFFFF85E1DC910391FA91" blockId="5.[151,1174,404,429]" box="[151,1174,404,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="496">E 3 (10) 3 (14) 2 (15) 2 (16) 3 (13) 3 (16) 3 DL 2 (13) 2 (14) 2 (15) 2 (14) 2 (14) 2 (12) 3 E</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05DFFFF85B1DCD8051BF925" blockId="5.[151,1436,476,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="496">
|
||
Parastigmatic vessels are frequent but not in all meshes and there are usually 5 or 6 stigmata per mesh between folds and 4 or 5 on folds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05DFFFF84CEDCFB0517F925" box="[440,528,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyura imesa sp. nov. A. Dissected and stained holotype, without the pharynx (arrowheads pointing endocarps). B. Stained anterior region with the oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (black arrowhead). C. Stained atrial siphon region, showing the vellum (white arrowheads), anus (black arrowhead) and left gonoducts (gray arrowhead). D. Detail of oral tentacle (stained). E. Detail of stigmata and parastigmata vessels in a stained pharynx. F. Detail of the digestive gland. G. Detail of the left gonad and endocarps along the descending intestine. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589408/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="496">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0CDF99B05DFFFF85E1DBD5048CFC5F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589408/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="496" startId="5.[151,250,1745,1767]" targetBox="[152,1434,589,1724]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05DFFFF85E1DBD5048CFC5F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1745,1890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="496">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05DFFFF85E1DBD50615FDDB" bold="true" box="[151,274,1745,1767]" pageId="5" pageNumber="496">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05DFFFF846EDBD60690FDDA" authority="Rocha & Counts, 2019" authorityName="Rocha & Counts" authorityYear="2019" box="[280,407,1746,1767]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imesa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05DFFFF846EDBD60690FDDA" box="[280,407,1746,1767]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="496">Pyura imesa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05DFFFF84E8DBD506E9FDDB" bold="true" box="[414,494,1745,1766]" pageId="5" pageNumber="496">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A234EE78B05DFFFF84E8DBD506E9FDDB" box="[414,494,1745,1766]" pageId="5" pageNumber="496" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A. Dissected and stained holotype, without the pharynx (arrowheads pointing endocarps). B. Stained anterior region with the oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (black arrowhead). C. Stained atrial siphon region, showing the vellum (white arrowheads), anus (black arrowhead) and left gonoducts (gray arrowhead). D. Detail of oral tentacle (stained). E. Detail of stigmata and parastigmata vessels in a stained pharynx. F. Detail of the digestive gland. G. Detail of the left gonad and endocarps along the descending intestine. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05DFFFC85B1DA8A07C2FBC5" blockId="5.[151,1436,1934,2031]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,1149]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="5" pageNumber="496">
|
||
The intestine is isodiametric with a long narrow primary loop that occupies ¾ of the ventral mid-line of the body and without a secondary loop, ending in a bilabiated smooth anus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05DFFFF86AFDAB60332FCF6" box="[985,1077,1970,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyura imesa sp. nov. A. Dissected and stained holotype, without the pharynx (arrowheads pointing endocarps). B. Stained anterior region with the oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (black arrowhead). C. Stained atrial siphon region, showing the vellum (white arrowheads), anus (black arrowhead) and left gonoducts (gray arrowhead). D. Detail of oral tentacle (stained). E. Detail of stigmata and parastigmata vessels in a stained pharynx. F. Detail of the digestive gland. G. Detail of the left gonad and endocarps along the descending intestine. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589408/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="496">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The atrial siphon base is very large with a wide and waving velum with the two dorsal waves larger than the others, but no filiform projections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05EFFFC85E9DD9307FEFB8D" box="[159,249,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyura imesa sp. nov. A. Dissected and stained holotype, without the pharynx (arrowheads pointing endocarps). B. Stained anterior region with the oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (black arrowhead). C. Stained atrial siphon region, showing the vellum (white arrowheads), anus (black arrowhead) and left gonoducts (gray arrowhead). D. Detail of oral tentacle (stained). E. Detail of stigmata and parastigmata vessels in a stained pharynx. F. Detail of the digestive gland. G. Detail of the left gonad and endocarps along the descending intestine. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589408/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The digestive gland is small, yellow (or green in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C831B3B05EFFFC8615DD9C04C2FB8D" box="[867,965,152,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
) and formed by a main portion of tubular projections with two main connections to the stomach, and a few more small portions along the esophagus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05EFFFC8019DDB807BFFBC5" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyura imesa sp. nov. A. Dissected and stained holotype, without the pharynx (arrowheads pointing endocarps). B. Stained anterior region with the oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (black arrowhead). C. Stained atrial siphon region, showing the vellum (white arrowheads), anus (black arrowhead) and left gonoducts (gray arrowhead). D. Detail of oral tentacle (stained). E. Detail of stigmata and parastigmata vessels in a stained pharynx. F. Detail of the digestive gland. G. Detail of the left gonad and endocarps along the descending intestine. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589408/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05EFFFC85B1DC0005A7FAED" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">
|
||
There are endocarps on the body wall along outer side of the gut, the ones between the ascending intestine and the endostyle are laminar while the ones close to the descending limb are more dense, fleshy and folded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05EFFFC8043DC230297FA7D" box="[1333,1424,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyura imesa sp. nov. A. Dissected and stained holotype, without the pharynx (arrowheads pointing endocarps). B. Stained anterior region with the oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (black arrowhead). C. Stained atrial siphon region, showing the vellum (white arrowheads), anus (black arrowhead) and left gonoducts (gray arrowhead). D. Detail of oral tentacle (stained). E. Detail of stigmata and parastigmata vessels in a stained pharynx. F. Detail of the digestive gland. G. Detail of the left gonad and endocarps along the descending intestine. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589408/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are no endocarps attached to the body wall inside the intestinal loop. There are also a few endocarps on the body wall lining the dorsal margin of the right gonad, the two most anterior very small, and the two half the way down, larger and folded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05EFFFC84CFDC900512FA91" box="[441,533,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyura imesa sp. nov. A. Dissected and stained holotype, without the pharynx (arrowheads pointing endocarps). B. Stained anterior region with the oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (black arrowhead). C. Stained atrial siphon region, showing the vellum (white arrowheads), anus (black arrowhead) and left gonoducts (gray arrowhead). D. Detail of oral tentacle (stained). E. Detail of stigmata and parastigmata vessels in a stained pharynx. F. Detail of the digestive gland. G. Detail of the left gonad and endocarps along the descending intestine. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589408/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C831B3B05EFFFC8729DC9105C7FA90" box="[607,704,405,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
have the two small anterior endocarps only. Endocarps are also found on the top of some of the gonadal lobes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05EFFFC85B1DCD8037DF9B9" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">
|
||
The left gonad lies in the primary intestinal loop, occupying all the space. The gonad lobes are irregularly shaped but tend to be elongated and positioned in pairs along the duct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05EFFFC86BFDCFB034EF925" box="[969,1097,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyura imesa sp. nov. A. Dissected and stained holotype, without the pharynx (arrowheads pointing endocarps). B. Stained anterior region with the oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (black arrowhead). C. Stained atrial siphon region, showing the vellum (white arrowheads), anus (black arrowhead) and left gonoducts (gray arrowhead). D. Detail of oral tentacle (stained). E. Detail of stigmata and parastigmata vessels in a stained pharynx. F. Detail of the digestive gland. G. Detail of the left gonad and endocarps along the descending intestine. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589408/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">Fig. 4A, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The right gonad is ventrally placed close to the endostyle and it is longer than the left gonad. There are 37 lobes on the right side and 30 lobes on the left side in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C831B3B05EFFFC84E7DF4306F1F95D" box="[401,502,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and 33 on the right and 24 lobes of the left in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C831B3B05EFFFC814CDF4C0399F95D" box="[1082,1182,584,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Male follicles tend to ramify when well developed. The gonoducts are equally short, wide and lobed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05EFFFC8162DF68036AF9B9" box="[1044,1133,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1434,589,1724]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pyura imesa sp. nov. A. Dissected and stained holotype, without the pharynx (arrowheads pointing endocarps). B. Stained anterior region with the oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (black arrowhead). C. Stained atrial siphon region, showing the vellum (white arrowheads), anus (black arrowhead) and left gonoducts (gray arrowhead). D. Detail of oral tentacle (stained). E. Detail of stigmata and parastigmata vessels in a stained pharynx. F. Detail of the digestive gland. G. Detail of the left gonad and endocarps along the descending intestine. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589408/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369DC9AB05EFFFC85B1DF8B03DDFF40" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05EFFFC85B1DF8B03DDFF40" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05EFFFC85B1DF8B063CF995" bold="true" box="[199,315,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B05EFFFC8430DF8B06FFF995" author="Tokioka, T." box="[326,504,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" pagination="383 - 408" refId="ref12215" refString="Tokioka, T. (1972) On a small collection of ascidians from the pacific coast of Costa Rica. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 19 (6), 383 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 175738" type="journal article" year="1972">Tokioka (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described three animals from Playas del Coco,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F364CF81B05EFFFC8142DF9403B1F995" box="[1076,1206,655,680]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05EFFFC80F1DF9507EDF9F1" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1908" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lignosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05EFFFC80F1DF9507EDF9F1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">P. lignosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but we believe that those animals belong in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05EFFFC8792DFB10439F9F1" authorityName="Rocha & Counts" authorityYear="2019" box="[740,830,693,716]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imesa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05EFFFC8792DFB10439F9F1" box="[740,830,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">P. imesa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although smaller, his exemplars have larger number of oral tentacles and gonadal lobes, and have small spinules around the siphons that we could not find in ours. Otherwise, the tessellated surface of the tunic and presence of tubercles around the siphons, ventral position of the gonads and disposition of endocarps in the body wall agree with our samples. The small animals described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B05EFFFC8007DE240637F860" author="Van Name, W. G." pageId="6" pageNumber="497" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref12263" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05EFFFC848ADE410568F861" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1908" box="[508,623,836,860]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lignosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05EFFFC848ADE410568F861" box="[508,623,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">P. lignosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and collected in Gulf of California also seem to belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05EFFFC8042DE410296F861" authorityName="Rocha & Counts" authorityYear="2019" box="[1332,1425,837,860]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imesa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05EFFFC8042DE410296F861" box="[1332,1425,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">P. imesa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, extending its distribution to the whole Pacific coast of Central America and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F364CF81B05EFFFC8686DE63034EF8BD" box="[1008,1097,871,896]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. As noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B05EFFFC8195DE630290F8BD" author="Monniot, C." box="[1251,1431,871,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" pagination="41 - 51" refId="ref11817" refString="Monniot, C. (1994) Pyura lignosa (s. s.), a Pacific ascidian from Central American, with descriptions of species confused under this name. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 110, 41 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1994. tb 01470. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Monniot (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05EFFFC84D9DE89053FF899" authorityName=": Monniot" authorityYear="1994" box="[431,568,909,932]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vannamei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05EFFFC84D9DE89053FF899" box="[431,568,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">P. vannamei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but we believe that the lack of large endocarps in the right side of the body wall, lack of dilated hind gut and lobes at the margin of the anus, and the geographical distribution justifies naming the Pacific population as a new species. Differences from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05EFFFC866DDED103C9F8D1" authority="Skinner, Rocha & Counts, 2019" authorityName="Skinner, Rocha & Counts" authorityYear="2019" box="[795,1230,980,1005]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05EFFFC866DDED10465F8D1" box="[795,866,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">P. beta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B05EFFFC861ADED003C9F8D1" author="Skinner, L. F. & Rocha, R. M. & Counts, B. K." box="[876,1230,980,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" pagination="264 - 276" refId="ref12107" refString="Skinner, L. F., Rocha, R. M. & Counts, B. K. (2019) Pyura gangelion and Pyura beta sp. nov. (Ascidiacea: Pyuridae): an exotic and a new tunicate from the West Atlantic. Zootaxa, 4545 (2): 264 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4545.2.6" type="journal article" year="2019">Skinner, Rocha & Counts, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the absence of a second intestinal loop, absence of endocarps inside the primary loop, smaller size and, accordingly, smaller number of oral tentacles, longitudinal vessels and gonadal lobes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05EFFFC86D4D91903F8FF09" authority="(Skinner et al. 2019)" authorityName="Skinner" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Skinner" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[930,1279,1052,1077]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imesa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05EFFFC86D4D9190305FF09" box="[930,1026,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">P. imesa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B05EFFFC8165D91803F0FF09" author="Skinner, L. F. & Rocha, R. M. & Counts, B. K." box="[1043,1271,1052,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" pagination="264 - 276" refId="ref12107" refString="Skinner, L. F., Rocha, R. M. & Counts, B. K. (2019) Pyura gangelion and Pyura beta sp. nov. (Ascidiacea: Pyuridae): an exotic and a new tunicate from the West Atlantic. Zootaxa, 4545 (2): 264 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4545.2.6" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Skinner
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05EFFFC8100D91903ADFF09" box="[1142,1194,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05EFFFC807AD919029BFF09" box="[1292,1436,1053,1076]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imesa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05EFFFC807AD919029BFF09" box="[1292,1436,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">Pyura imesa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lives underneath rocks similarly to
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05EFFFC8746D94505C2FF65" box="[560,709,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05EFFFC8746D94505C5FF65" authorityName="Rocha & Counts" authorityYear="2019" box="[560,706,1089,1112]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carmanae">P. carmanae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
however, the color and shape of the animal (distance between siphons), as well as the gonad shape, endocarp abundance and position, distinguish those species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |