235 lines
30 KiB
XML
235 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="47C5AB4C997FE819925BDE87ADDDDCE0" ID-CLB-Dataset="46084" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.201284" ID-GBIF-Dataset="57b8e376-da3c-4eef-8fe8-30630518f583" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="201284" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460404852598" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hausmann, Axel & Huemer, Peter" docDate="2011" docId="D1232C65FF9A6042FF45F9AFFB50CB09" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03070p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3070" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Acasis appensata subsp. appensata Eversmann 1842" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="2D1A541DFF9B6040FFD2FF9DFFCFCD25" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic decision as a compromise: Acasis appensata (Eversmann, 1832) in Central Italy — a case of conflicting evidence between DNA barcode and morphology (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="60" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1698299646792" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="B16106C701457E047F951554E9518A77" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="F627E6E0D2A572BD2AA374191D4D0B51">
|
||
<mods:title id="0B8E977CC6D2BD99717D66B35122A0BE">Taxonomic decision as a compromise: Acasis appensata (Eversmann, 1832) in Central Italy — a case of conflicting evidence between DNA barcode and morphology (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="4592C162F92DA284A35931E7B3BD99EB" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="44113EE815E78C5BC9E64A7B47C7C838">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DB908DC917378FAA71B86254DC2E9A41">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="58501CE1FC9A8DDF24694580C925F5C2">Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="BBC5FCF62ABC136ADC1F2D6820D2EEED" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BDD08BCE8DFC355635800496E24F09EA">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="6C5189342CAFE5530A3731C444AFC987">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3CEAA5AD91926D3D6B9BE5285F21EC57">Huemer, Peter</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="461303005A0E058FAA298F234A76DFC6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="1DD24ED53F3FC46B33C01BDB57909EE0" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="8DB7180B23E574FF97F0CB5A1D8D68C9">
|
||
<mods:title id="E4F1BF830CA5418AEEC30233F1AE793D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="329AED8C6B4A7C4533BC3ADED24D3378">
|
||
<mods:date id="1B93C527D0F43DECE4145436ED63FE67">2011</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="508526CEEE4902B05460D5CEB2756714" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="E1EC3479C436E8CCBF1E6719CEDCFC91">3070</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="D138F1070AC5B60902E6A2808AD0BEE7" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="476D454E1F0B53EA643AA1F3BCA4E8CB">60</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="CACCED6E3C4F04486C261E92EF0F5216">68</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="A670D1325FD22A972A37C16D6681A74A">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="77E81297F9EB282AB5784F8268D7389D" type="CLB-Dataset">46084</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8036ADC77A527417C575AF7989F53153" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.201284</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E6C7DE18D8D5C9AAA17D63C3C7069E67" type="GBIF-Dataset">57b8e376-da3c-4eef-8fe8-30630518f583</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="963A9BEA76D102737199F812E981C9C3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BC196F69192AF36631F90D600225158E" type="Zenodo-Dep">201284</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="D1232C65FF9A6042FF45F9AFFB50CB09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5659764" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119421037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5659764" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D1232C65FF9A6042FF45F9AFFB50CB09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D1232C65FF9A6042FF45F9AFFB50CB09" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<subSubSection id="1190CEF8FF9A6041FF45F9AFFD15CB69" box="[151,730,1586,1612]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="59359D73FF9A6041FF45F9AFFD15CB69" blockId="1.[151,730,1586,1612]" box="[151,730,1586,1612]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<heading id="027D2A1FFF9A6041FF45F9AFFD15CB69" bold="true" box="[151,730,1586,1612]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E8AE6F0FF9A6041FF45F9AFFD15CB69" ID-CoL="93HQ" authority="Eversmann, 1842" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,730,1586,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Acasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="appensata" subSpecies="appensata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF9A6041FF45F9AFFD15CB69" bold="true" box="[151,730,1586,1612]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF9A6041FF45F9AFFE28CB69" bold="true" box="[151,487,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">Acasis appensata appensata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3D1BE082FF9A6041FE24F9AFFD1DCB69" author="Eversmann" box="[502,722,1586,1612]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Eversmann, E. (1842) Quaedam Lepidopterorum species novae in Rossia orientali observatae, nunc descriptae et depictae. Bulletin Societ Imperiale Nat. Moscou 15, 543 - 565." type="journal article" year="1842">Eversmann, 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1190CEF8FF9A6041FF45F9E4FD82CBAA" box="[151,589,1657,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="59359D73FF9A6041FF45F9E4FD82CBAA" blockId="1.[151,589,1657,1679]" box="[151,589,1657,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="799ABA5DFF9A6041FF45F9E4FD82CBAA" box="[151,589,1657,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E8AE6F0FF9A6041FF45F9E4FD86CBAA" ID-CoL="93PPJ" authority="Eversmann, 1842: 556" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityPageNumber="556" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,585,1657,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Acidalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appensata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF9A6041FF45F9E4FE94CBAA" box="[151,347,1657,1679]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">Acidalia appensata</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="D82BBB62FF9A6041FEB3F9E7FD86CBAA" author="Eversmann" box="[353,585,1657,1679]" page="556" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" year="1842">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3D1BE082FF9A6041FEB3F9E7FDD8CBAA" author="Eversmann" box="[353,535,1658,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Eversmann, E. (1842) Quaedam Lepidopterorum species novae in Rossia orientali observatae, nunc descriptae et depictae. Bulletin Societ Imperiale Nat. Moscou 15, 543 - 565." type="journal article" year="1842">Eversmann, 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 556
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1190CEF8FF9A6041FF45F926FD5ACBD2" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="59359D73FF9A6041FF45F926FD5ACBD2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1723,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF9A6041FF45F926FE4FCBF1" bold="true" box="[151,384,1723,1748]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="4F8C56FAFF9A6041FE55F921FDE2CBF1" box="[391,557,1724,1748]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" type="generic">233 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="219DDDE3FF9A6041FDA2F921FD16CBF1" box="[624,729,1724,1748]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="219DDDE3FF9A6041FD37F921FCF5CBF1" box="[741,826,1724,1748]" name="Austria" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="219DDDE3FF9A6041FC97F921FC35CBF1" box="[837,1018,1724,1748]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="219DDDE3FF9A6041FBD7F921FBA5CBF1" box="[1029,1130,1724,1748]" name="Slovakia" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="219DDDE3FF9A6041FBA7F921FB33CBF1" box="[1141,1276,1724,1748]" name="Belarus" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">Byelorussia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="219DDDE3FF9A6041FAD5F921FA90CBF1" box="[1287,1375,1724,1748]" name="Finland" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="219DDDE3FF9A6041FAB8F921FF1DCBD2" name="Bulgaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="219DDDE3FF9A6041FF0FF942FEE0CBD2" box="[221,303,1759,1783]" name="Greece" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="219DDDE3FF9A6041FEE8F942FE44CBD2" box="[314,395,1759,1783]" name="Turkey" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="219DDDE3FF9A6041FE44F942FE2ECBD2" box="[406,481,1759,1783]" name="Russia" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="3F9B05B6FF9A6041FE3DF942FDF0CBD2" box="[495,575,1759,1783]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7159-6y1v" name="Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">TLMF</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="3F9B05B6FF9A6041FD99F942FD46CBD2" box="[587,649,1759,1783]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1190CEF8FF9A6042FF17F89EFE85CF19" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="59359D73FF9A6042FF17F89EFE85CF19" blockId="1.[151,1437,1723,2037]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,1581]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF9A6041FF17F89EFE98CA39" bold="true" box="[197,343,1795,1820]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C1B181F6FF9A6041FE64F899FDE8CA39" box="[438,551,1796,1820]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,263,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,183,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,165,1661]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Adults of Acasis. 1 – 2, A. appensata appensata (Eversmann); 3 – 4, A. appensata callaina ssp. nov.; 5 – 6, A. viretata (Hübner)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201285/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="61">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head, thorax and tegula mixed grayish-brown, labial palpus dark brown. Wingspan
|
||
<date id="2D34BBB3FF9A6041FEC7F8B5FEB2CA1A" box="[277,381,1831,1856]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" value="1918-03-22">
|
||
3
|
||
<quantity id="9E723096FF9A6041FEE5F8BAFEB2CA1A" box="[311,381,1831,1855]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="18.0">18–22</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
mm; Ƥ
|
||
<quantity id="9E723096FF9A6041FE3CF8BAFDBECA1A" box="[494,625,1831,1855]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="20.0">20–23 mm</quantity>
|
||
; forewing with strongly convex termen; ground colour grey-brown, extended darker grey-brown suffusion particularly at base and along antemedian and postmedian fascia; these two fasciae distinct, light greyish with indistinct darker line; veins with short dark brown lines along outer side of antemedial and both sides of postmedial fascia; dark brown discal spot and dark brown patches along fringe line well developed; fringes chequered greyish-brown, outer part lighter. Hindwing grey-brown with lighter postmedial fascia; small discal spot; darker grey terminal line and weakly chequered fringe; base of anal area in male with short lobe. The extent of dark suffusion of the forewing underlies some variation. Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C1B181F6FF996042FB1FFF0AFAF2CD8A" box="[1229,1341,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,263,1955,1978]" captionTargetBox="[152,1362,269,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,269,1968]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Male genitalia of Acasis. 7 – 8, A. appensata appensata (Eversmann), slide G 1460; 9 – 10, A. appensata callaina ssp. nov., paratype, slide G 1464; 11 – 12, ditto, paratype, slide G 1461; 13 – 14, A. viretata (Hübner), slide G 1462." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201286/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">Figs. 7–8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Uncus broad, sub-triangular, apically pointed; valva sub-oval, with rounded apex; sacculus strongly sclerotized, shorter than valva, basal part broad, distally tapering but rounded; costa with spiny sub-basal hump, cucullus separate, slender and slightly club-shaped, projecting far above apex of valva; saccus short, broad, horseshoe-shaped; lateral lobes of transtilla covered with short bristles; aedeagus moderately long and slender, weakly curved, without cornuti. Female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C1B181F6FF996042FE4CFED1FE3CCC41" box="[414,499,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 18" captionStartId="5.[151,263,1966,1989]" captionTargetBox="[292,1308,236,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[224,1358,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 18. Female genitalia of Acasis. 15, A. appensata appensata (Eversmann), slide G 1459; 16, A. appensata callaina ssp. nov., paratype, slide G 1456; 17, ditto, paratype, slide G 1458; 18, A. viretata (Hübner), slide G 1463." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201287/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Papillae anales well developed; apophyses posteriores about two times length of tergum A8; tergum A8 smoothly sclerotized, without modifications; apophyses anteriores comparatively long and rod-like, about half length of tergum A8; antrum (colliculum) tubular, posteriorly funnel-shaped, length (
|
||
<quantity id="9E723096FF996042FA99FE09FF0BCCEA" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3-0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) about that of apophyses anteriores, sub-genital plate (sterigma) largely reduced; ductus bursae extremely short and without distinct transition to corpus bursae; corpus bursae evenly dilated to sub-oval distal part with a large spinulose patch in diffuse ring shaped position; appendix bursae present. Posterior part of corpus bursae with longitudinal furrows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1190CEF8FF996042FF17FDDAFBE2C9CD" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="59359D73FF996042FF17FDDAFB1ACE5A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FF17FDDAFEF0CF45" bold="true" box="[197,319,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E8AE6F0FF996042FE95FDD5FD49CF45" box="[327,646,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Acasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="appensata" subSpecies="appensata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FE95FDD5FD49CF45" box="[327,646,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">Acasis appensata appensata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a rather invariable taxon with a grey-brown ground colour and distinctly lighter ante- and postmedian fasciae. The ground colour is of particular diagnostic value compared to the other European species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E8AE6F0FF996042FE71FD0DFDD7CF8D" box="[419,536,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Acasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viretata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FE71FD0DFDD7CF8D" box="[419,536,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">A. viretata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which exhibits an extended yellowish-green to brownish-green colour (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C1B181F6FF996042FA92FD12FF68CFE9" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,263,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,183,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,165,1661]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Adults of Acasis. 1 – 2, A. appensata appensata (Eversmann); 3 – 4, A. appensata callaina ssp. nov.; 5 – 6, A. viretata (Hübner)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201285/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">Figs. 5– 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), and to the pale green
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E8AE6F0FF996042FE62FD29FD69CFE9" box="[432,678,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Acasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="appensata" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="callaina">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FE62FD29FD69CFE9" box="[432,678,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">A. appensata callaina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="70CDFC1AFF996042FD7CFD28FCDFCFE9" box="[686,784,693,716]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C1B181F6FF996042FCF2FD29FC44CFE9" box="[800,907,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,263,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,183,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,165,1661]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Adults of Acasis. 1 – 2, A. appensata appensata (Eversmann); 3 – 4, A. appensata callaina ssp. nov.; 5 – 6, A. viretata (Hübner)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201285/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
) (see below).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E8AE6F0FF996042FBFEFD29FB71CFE9" box="[1068,1214,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Acasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appensata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FBFEFD29FB71CFE9" box="[1068,1214,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">A. appensata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
furthermore differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E8AE6F0FF996042FF05FD45FE80CFD5" box="[215,335,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Acasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viretata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FF05FD45FE80CFD5" box="[215,335,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">A. viretata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by several characters of the male and female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C1B181F6FF996042FC04FD4AFBAECFCA" box="[982,1121,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,263,1955,1978]" captionTargetBox="[152,1362,269,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,269,1968]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Male genitalia of Acasis. 7 – 8, A. appensata appensata (Eversmann), slide G 1460; 9 – 10, A. appensata callaina ssp. nov., paratype, slide G 1464; 11 – 12, ditto, paratype, slide G 1461; 13 – 14, A. viretata (Hübner), slide G 1462." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201286/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">Figs. 13–14</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C1B181F6FF996042FBBDFD4AFB41CFCA" box="[1135,1166,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 18" captionStartId="5.[151,263,1966,1989]" captionTargetBox="[292,1308,236,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[224,1358,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 18. Female genitalia of Acasis. 15, A. appensata appensata (Eversmann), slide G 1459; 16, A. appensata callaina ssp. nov., paratype, slide G 1456; 17, ditto, paratype, slide G 1458; 18, A. viretata (Hübner), slide G 1463." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201287/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">18</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the male the broad uncus, the long cucullus which overtops the apex of the valva, the spiny sub-basal hump of the costa, the short sacculus and the lateral lobes of the transtilla with short bristles are characteristic. In the female the long and narrow, funnel-shaped antrum, the largely reduced sub-genitalia plate and furthermore the anteriolateral margin of tergum VIII which is weakly projected anteriad and the long apophysis anterioris are specific characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="59359D73FF996042FF17FC16FBE2C9CD" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FF17FC16FE87CE81" bold="true" box="[197,328,907,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
The larva of the nominotypical subspecies has been recorded feeding on unripe and also on ripe fruits which are loosely spun together, or on the leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E8AE6F0FF996042FCCBFC2DFC71CEED" box="[793,958,944,968]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" genus="Actaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FCCBFC2DFC71CEED" box="[793,958,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">Actaea spicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3D1BE082FF996042FC1EFC32FBB7CEE2" author="Burmann" box="[972,1144,943,967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Burmann, K. (1955) Ein kleiner Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Lebensweise der Raupen von Acasis (Lobophora) appensata Ev. (Lepidoptera. Geometridae). Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen, 4, 23 - 26." type="journal article" year="1955">Burmann 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3D1BE082FF996042FB51FC32FB31CEE2" author="Skou" box="[1155,1278,943,967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Skou, P. (1986) The Geometroid Moths of Northern Europe (Lepidoptera: Drepanidae and Geometridae). E. J. Brill, Leiden, Copenhagen, Entomonograph, 6, 348 pp." type="book" year="1986">Skou 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3D1BE082FF996042FF45FC49FEECCEC9" author="Skou" box="[151,291,980,1004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Skou, P. (1986) The Geometroid Moths of Northern Europe (Lepidoptera: Drepanidae and Geometridae). E. J. Brill, Leiden, Copenhagen, Entomonograph, 6, 348 pp." type="book" year="1986">Skou (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E8AE6F0FF996042FE55FC48FD90CEC9" box="[391,607,980,1004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Veronica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FE55FC48FD90CEC9" box="[391,607,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">Veronica longifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Feeding habits depend on the phenology of the host-plant which shows much variation, and on the geographic region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3D1BE082FF996042FD60FC65FCADC935" author="Burmann" box="[690,866,1016,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Burmann, K. (1955) Ein kleiner Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Lebensweise der Raupen von Acasis (Lobophora) appensata Ev. (Lepidoptera. Geometridae). Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen, 4, 23 - 26." type="journal article" year="1955">Burmann 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In northern Europe the species feeds on various other plants, e.g.
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FE8EFB81FC96C911" box="[348,857,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E8AE6F0FF996042FE8EFB81FDAAC911" box="[348,613,1052,1076]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Valeriana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sambucifolia">Valeriana sambucifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E8AE6F0FF996042FDA3FB81FC96C911" box="[625,857,1052,1076]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" genus="Actaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythrocarpa">Actaea erythrocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3D1BE082FF996042FCBBFB81FB9AC911" author="Mutanen" box="[873,1109,1052,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Mutanen, M., Valimaki, P. & H. Poykko (2003) Pohjanliuskamittarin (Acasis appensata) merenrantamuodon ravintokasvi ja biologia. Baptria, 28 (3), 18 - 21." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Mutanen
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FC05FB80FBDEC911" box="[983,1041,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Mutanen pers. comm.). The larval period lasts from mid-June to late July. Pupation takes place in weak cocoon on the ground surface and the pupa hibernates. Adults have been observed from mid-May until mid-June, in the northern part of the range throughout the entire month of June (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3D1BE082FF996042FD87FB15FD17C985" author="Skou" box="[597,728,1160,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Skou, P. (1986) The Geometroid Moths of Northern Europe (Lepidoptera: Drepanidae and Geometridae). E. J. Brill, Leiden, Copenhagen, Entomonograph, 6, 348 pp." type="book" year="1986">Skou 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Whereas larvae are frequently found, the adults are rarely observed. Characteristic habitats are clearings in deciduous and mixed forests, particularly beech forest. The species occurs from lowland habitats up to about
|
||
<quantity id="9E723096FF996042FD49FB4DFD20C9CD" box="[667,751,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea-level in the Alps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1190CEF8FF996042FF17FB6EFF23C8B9" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="59359D73FF996042FF17FB6EFF23C8B9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FF17FB6EFE91C829" bold="true" box="[197,350,1267,1292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Vast range from Europe to the Urals, Siberia, Amur and Ussuri regions and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="219DDDE3FF996042FB08FB68FAD1C829" box="[1242,1310,1269,1292]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In Europe occurring mainly in the Alps and adjacent areas and from Fennoscandia to central Urals. In northern Europe also on coastal meadows and deciduous forests and meadows along riversides (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3D1BE082FF996042FC3EFAA1FB2AC871" author="Mutanen" box="[1004,1253,1340,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Mutanen, M., Valimaki, P. & H. Poykko (2003) Pohjanliuskamittarin (Acasis appensata) merenrantamuodon ravintokasvi ja biologia. Baptria, 28 (3), 18 - 21." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Mutanen
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FB8CFAA0FB52C871" box="[1118,1181,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Mutanen pers. comm.). Absent from large parts of the Balkans, the Iberian Peninsula and from all Mediterranean lowlands and islands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1190CEF8FF996042FF17FA35FB50CB09" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="59359D73FF996042FF17FA35FB50CB09" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FF17FA35FEF6C8E5" bold="true" box="[197,313,1448,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The taxonomic status of the taxon
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FD18FA35FC87C8E5" box="[714,840,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">baikalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(original combination:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E8AE6F0FF996042FB86FA35FA83C8E5" box="[1108,1356,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lobophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appensata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FB86FA35FA83C8E5" box="[1108,1356,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">Lobophora appensata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E8AE6F0FF996042FA86FA34FF3EC8C1" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" rank="variety" variety="baikalensis">
|
||
v.
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FABDFA35FF3EC8C1" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">baikalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) needs further investigation. According to the original description it differs from Central European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E8AE6F0FF996042FA56FA51FEC5CB2D" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lobophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appensata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FA56FA51FEC5CB2D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">A. appensata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the dark blackish-grey ground colour and the on average smaller wingspan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3D1BE082FF996042FB44FA6DFA96CB2D" author="Bang-Haas" box="[1174,1369,1520,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Bang-Haas, A. (1906) Neue oder wenig bekannte palaearctische Macrolepidopteren. Deutsche Entmologische Zeitschrift Iris, 19, 127 - 144." type="journal article" year="1906">Bang-Haas 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3D1BE082FF996042FF39F989FE46CB09" author="Scoble" box="[235,393,1556,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Scoble, M. J. (1999) Geometrid Moths of the World. A Catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). CSIRO-Publishing, Collingwood, 1, xxv + 482 pp. + index." type="book" year="1999">Scoble (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
this taxon is considered as a synonym of nominotypical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E8AE6F0FF996042FBD7F989FB58CB09" box="[1029,1175,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lobophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appensata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BFE4161FF996042FBD7F989FB58CB09" box="[1029,1175,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="62">A. appensata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |