257 lines
19 KiB
XML
257 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.145.1713" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cc9664ec-527b-4315-b69c-7392f72f096a" ID-PMC="PMC3267456" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-145-129" ID-PubMed="22287886" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-145-129" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 145" ModsDocTitle="Two new species of Harpactea (Araneae, Dysderidae) from Turkey" checkinTime="1451249699236" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kunt, Kadir Bogac, Elverici, Mert, Oezkuetuek, Recep Sulhi & Yagmur, Ersen Aydin" docDate="2011" docId="CD5D218CD8FE8EF4E94264B61C7D7DC2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 145: 129-141" docOrigin="ZooKeys 145" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.145.1713" docTitle="Harpactea kencei Kunt, Elverici, Oezkuetuek & Yagmur, 2011, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="133" masterDocId="E226FF82FFCA6557FF847A37FFF8F833" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Harpactea (Araneae, Dysderidae) from Turkey" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="129" pageNumber="131" updateTime="1668152571754" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new species of Harpactea (Araneae, Dysderidae) from Turkey</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kunt, Kadir Bogac</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Elverici, Mert</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Oezkuetuek, Recep Sulhi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yagmur, Ersen Aydin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>145</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>129</mods:start>
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<mods:end>141</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.145.1713</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.145.1713</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-145-129</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031865" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:557FE296-4BF3-4E21-A8D6-4750C38795E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD5D218CD8FE8EF4E94264B61C7D7DC2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:557FE296-4BF3-4E21-A8D6-4750C38795E6" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea kencei" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kencei">Harpactea kencei</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="131">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 915
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">
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Holotype ♂ (AUZM), Turkey,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Muğla">Mugla</normalizedToken>
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Province, Milas District,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kıyıkışlacık">Kiyikislacik</normalizedToken>
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Village [
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="37.277443">37°16'38.80"N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="27.563324">27°33'47.97"E</geoCoordinate>
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], 13.XI.2010, under stones, leg. M.Elverici. Paratypes 1 ♀ (AUZM), 1 ♀ 5 ♂♂ (cKBK & SMF), same data as holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="derivatio nominis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Derivatio nominis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">The new species is named in honor of the well-known Turkish biologist Prof. Dr. Aykut Kence (Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey) for his important contributions to Turkish biology.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea kencei" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kencei">Harpactea kencei</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. can be easily distinguished from all other Turkish
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Harpactea</taxonomicName>
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by the unique structure of the male palp and broad, grooved sides, crescent like anterior basal arc-shaped structure of the female vulva. In general appearance the embolus is well sclerotized, thorn-like and with a hook-shaped tip. Towards the tip, the embolus flattens like a spoon and ends with a thorn-like tip inflecting upon itself. On the embolar base there is a small ear-shaped conductor relatively well sclerotized at its peripheries. This is attached to the embolus at an angle of 90 degrees. Unique embolus (not a simple thornlike structure) and the presence of the conductor differentiate
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea kencei" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kencei">Harpactea kencei</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea diraoi" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diraoi">Harpactea diraoi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea isaurica" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isaurica">Harpactea isaurica</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea sanctaeinsulae" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanctaeinsulae">Harpactea sanctaeinsulae</taxonomicName>
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and any other similar Turkish species, which all have simple spiniform embolus structures (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Brignoli, PM" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zooogie" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" pagination="461 - 541" title="Ragni di Turchia V. Specie nuove o interessanti, cavernicole ed epigee, di varie famiglie (Araneae)." volume="85" year="1978 b">Brignoli 1978b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Measurements: [Holotype ♂ / Paratype ♀]:AL 2.13 / 2.25; CL 1.63 / 1.96; CWmax 1.35 / 1.53; CWmin 0.63 / 0.75; AMEd 0.07 / 0.08; PLEd 0.05 / 0.07; PMEd 0.05 / 0.06; ChF 0.34 / 0.37; ChG 0.21 / 0.27; ChL 0.64 / 0.71 mm. Leg measurements are given in Table 3.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">
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MALE: Small to medium sized spider. Carapace reddish dark brown, with smooth surface and distinct fovea. AME, PLE and PME closely grouped; AME separated. Difference between width of eyes region and thoracic region of ca
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="132" start="start">rapace</pageBreakToken>
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remarkable. Sternum, labium, gnathocoxae and chelicerae reddish-brown. Sternum with long, thin hair near the margin, while centrally smooth and shiny. Cheliceral groove with four teeth: retromargin bears a tiny tooth at the base of the groove and a strong tooth at the top; promargin with two strong teeth of almost equal sizes (Fig. 9). Labium with short, strong hair, sparsely distributed along the surface; hair cover denser at the top. Gnathocoxae also with moderately strong hair, denser and slightly longer at the margins. Abdomen yellowish-light brown, with short, thin blackish hair over the entire surface. Legs yellowish-light brown with sparse blackish setae. Anterior legs slightly darker than posterior legs. Leg IV> Leg I> Leg II> Leg III. Tarsi with three claws. Tarsi III and IV with fine scopulae. Legs III and IV with fine metatarsal scopulae covering slightly less than the distal half of the segment (ventral surface only). Prolateral part of coxae III and IV with 0-5 spines. Detailed leg spination of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea kencei" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kencei">Harpactea kencei</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is given in Table 4.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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Table 3. Leg measurements of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea kencei" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kencei">Harpactea kencei</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<table pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">(Holotype/ Paratype)</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Fe</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Pa</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Ti</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Me</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Ta</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Leg I</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Leg II</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Leg III</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Leg IV</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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Table 4. Leg spination of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea kencei" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kencei">Harpactea kencei</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.<br/>
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<table pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">(Holotype)</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Leg I</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Leg II</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Leg III</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Leg IV</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">C</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Fe</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Pa</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Ti</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Me</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">(Paratype)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">C</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Fe</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Pa</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Ti</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" rowspan="1">Me</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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Tegulum yellowish brown, longer than wide, cylindrical. Embolar base broad, embolus and conductor reciprocally located at peripherals. Accessory apophysis absent. Embolus blackish brown, flattens like a spoon through the tip and ends with a thorn-
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="133" start="start">like</pageBreakToken>
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tip inflecting upon itself. Conductor small, flattened and ear-shaped, separated from embolus at the base.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">FEMALE: No differences found between male and female, in terms of body colour and morphology. Distal crest of vulva short, with conical tip. Distal expansion of spermatheca spherical, with triangular shape. Basal transverse part of the anterior spermatheca short, linear and peripherally sclerotized. Rod-shaped part of the anterior spermatheca elongated. Anterior basal arc crescent-like and grooved. Tips membranous, in the shape of half of a heart. Transverse bar smooth, well sclerotized at the center. Posterior diverticulum membranous (Figs 14-15).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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Figures 9-13.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea kencei" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kencei">Harpactea kencei</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. 9 Cheliceral teeth 10 left palp, retrolateral view 11 ditto, nearly anterior view 12 ditto, prolateral view 13 ditto, distal view. Scale line: 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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Figures 14-15. Vulva of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea kencei" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kencei">Harpactea kencei</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. 14 dorsal view 15 ventral view. Scale lines: 0.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="133" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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Specimens were collected in the course of field studies aiming to determine the spider fauna of olive groves found in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kıyıkışlacık">Kiyikislacik</normalizedToken>
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Village. The area was surveyed periodically over one year using pitfall traps, sweep nets, active searching at ground level and under stones both during the day and at night, sifting tree litter and by shaking tree branches. The altitude of the study area varied from sea level up to 100 m at its maximum.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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Individuals of the new species were found under stones and collected from pitfall traps in olive groves and shrub forest associations dominated by
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
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trees. The first adult specimen was collected in November and additional specimens were found during March and April. It is likely that this species is most active during the early spring.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="133" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea kencei" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kencei">Harpactea kencei</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is known from thetype locality only.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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According to the classification established by
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<bibRefCitation author="Deeleman-Reinhold, CL" journalOrPublisher="Revue Arachnologique" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" pagination="105 - 135" title="The genus Rhode and the harpacteine genera Stalagtia, Folkia, Minotauria, and Kaemis (Araneae, Dysderidae) of Yugoslavia nad Crete, with remark on the genus Harpactea." volume="10" year="1993">Deeleman-Reinhold (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea arnedoi" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnedoi">Harpactea arnedoi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea kencei" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kencei">Harpactea kencei</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. can be placed within the species group rubicunda (D) because they possess the following characteristics:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">1. Posterior diverticulum of the female vulva membranous in both species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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2. Embolus of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea arnedoi" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnedoi">Harpactea arnedoi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is spiniform, while it is massive-spiniform and flattened in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Harpactea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harpactea kencei" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kencei">Harpactea kencei</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">3. Conductor massive in both species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
|
||
4. Patellae and coxae with spines in both species
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="134" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |