498 lines
61 KiB
XML
498 lines
61 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3CA456DB869F5DD59A1D5095847A6554">Designation of a neotype for the Brazilian porcupine, Coendou prehensilis (Linnaeus, 1758)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6B6C439A7E08137317855C5F0A98ABC7">Leite, Yuri L. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="103AD79B36BDC355E49AE82797153762">Júnior, Vilacio Caldara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1616C28E98F1BF14BE514A8FD6CDECC5">Loss, Ana Carolina</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="36FFDCF2E5A9761F1F51DD57D98E7ADA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C2CA805FEAD609E06C861DCF8862F17F">Costa, Leonora Pires</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="643E048C6E85D125AAF90E30CEC9CCCE">Melo, Éverton R. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B2D576733CEEDE291746C97590D01165">Gadelha, José Ramon</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="68BE7EA9DDBE80AEA3E08F5565AA1026">Pontes, Antonio Rossano M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8E58A5461C487299100CE2E78E7A13ED">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CDA520DD22C9C3024CADA81C1F37AF15">
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<mods:date id="16B307BEEE76BF314BB564633A5858DC">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FB85413C9973348EE4D7DD167CDCA64C">2791</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="77FFC5ED981413B59C84D3C37720605C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.201871</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A815184F2F0DFFCCFF69FDC6FAD3FEF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5663297" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119392945" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5663297" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A815184F2F0DFFCCFF69FDC6FAD3FEF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A815184F2F0DFFCCFF69FDC6FAD3FEF6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection id="68A6FAD22F0DFFC8FF69FDC6FDAFFCCE" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2003A9592F0DFFC8FF69FDC6FDEAFDFB" blockId="3.[151,607,536,596]" box="[151,607,536,563]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
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<heading id="7B4B1E352F0DFFC8FF69FDC6FDEAFDFB" bold="true" box="[151,607,536,563]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F0DFFC8FF69FDC6FDEAFDFB" ID-CoL="WTYV" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,607,536,563]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
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<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0DFFC8FF69FDC6FDEAFDFB" bold="true" box="[151,607,536,563]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0DFFC8FF69FDC6FE3AFDFA" bold="true" box="[151,399,537,563]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Coendou prehensilis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F0DFFC8FE60FDC7FDE2FDFB" author="Linnaeus" box="[414,599,536,562]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [= Stockholm], ii + 824 pp. Available from: http: // gdz. sub. uni-goettingen. de / dms / load / img /? IDDOC = 265100 (accessed on 10 April 2010)." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2003A9592F0DFFC8FF69FDE3FEB3FD9D" blockId="3.[151,607,536,596]" box="[151,262,572,596]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
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<figureCitation id="B887B5DC2F0DFFC8FF69FDE3FF50FD9D" box="[151,229,572,596]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,409,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,409,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neotype of Coendou prehensilis (MN 73383): dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views of the skull; dorsal (D) and lateral (E) views of the mandible; dorsal view of the skin (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201873/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B887B5DC2F0DFFC8FF0FFDE3FEB4FD9D" box="[241,257,572,596]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,784,807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,758]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,179,759]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Details of the neotype of Coendou prehensilis (MN 73383) before specimen preparation: ventral view (A), tail (B), and face (C). Scale bar = 50 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201874/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">3</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2003A9592F0DFFC8FF69FD5BFDAFFCCE" blockId="3.[151,1437,644,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0DFFC8FF69FD5BFEB5FD55" bold="true" box="[151,256,644,668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
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<typeStatus id="FF0717FB2F0DFFC8FF69FD5BFF4EFD55" box="[151,251,644,668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Flat skin, skull of an adult male housed at Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,
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<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F0DFFC8FA94FD5AFF06FD76" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(MN 73383), collected by Antonio Rossano Mendes Pontes (field number ARMP 63) on
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<date id="54028F992F0DFFC8FB50FD78FAFDFD76" box="[1198,1352,679,704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" value="2009-05-12">12 May 2009</date>
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. Tissue sample fixed in ethanol is housed in the Animal Tissue Collection at Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória,
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<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F0DFFC8FF0CFD30FE83FCCE" box="[242,310,751,775]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(UFES-CTA 1797).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="68A6FAD22F0DFFC8FF3BFCCBFA88FB71" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2003A9592F0DFFC8FF3BFCCBFA88FB71" blockId="3.[151,1437,644,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
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||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0DFFC8FF3BFCCBFEDCFCE5" bold="true" box="[197,361,787,812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
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||
<typeStatus id="FF0717FB2F0DFFC8FF3BFCCBFF4BFCE5" box="[197,254,788,812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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||
<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F0DFFC8FE84FCCAFE06FCE5" box="[378,435,789,812]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Mata</collectingCountry>
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Xanguá, Usina Trapiche, municipality of Sirinhaém, state of Pernambuco,
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<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F0DFFC8FAAEFCCBFA22FCE5" box="[1360,1431,788,812]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4588CF9E2F0DFFC8FF69FCE8FEBDFC86" box="[151,264,823,847]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" precision="15" value="-8.6472225">8°38'50"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="4588CF9E2F0DFFC8FEF1FCE8FE2CFC86" box="[271,409,823,847]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" precision="15" value="-35.170834">35°10'15"W</geoCoordinate>
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, elevation
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||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0DFFC8FDECFCE8FDEDFC99" box="[530,600,823,848]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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(
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<figureCitation id="B887B5DC2F0DFFC8FD99FCE8FD19FC86" box="[615,684,823,847]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1559,1582]" captionTargetBox="[361,1226,769,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[361,1226,769,1541]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map showing the type locality of Coendou prehensilis (star) and other localities where specimens of erethizontids with cytochrome b sequences available were collected: “ Coendou prehensilis ” (black square), “ Coendou bicolor ” (black circles), Sphiggurus melanurus (open square), and S. villosus (open circles). See Table 1 for the list of specimens and localities." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201875/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). This area is in the Pernambuco Endemism Center (herein
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<collectionCode id="46AD319C2F0DFFC8FAB9FCE8FA25FC86" box="[1351,1424,823,847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">CEPE</collectionCode>
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), the biogeographical unit of the Brazilian Atlantic forest located north of the São Francisco River in northeastern
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<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F0DFFC8FF69FCA0FF6BFC5E" box="[151,222,895,919]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, which encompasses the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Alagoas. The
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<collectionCode id="46AD319C2F0DFFC8FAE9FCA0FAE9FC5E" box="[1303,1372,895,919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">CEPE</collectionCode>
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comprises an important endemism center in South
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<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F0DFFC8FD52FC7BFCA5FC75" box="[684,784,932,956]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">America</collectingCountry>
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, housing numerous endemic species (
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<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0DFFC8FB3FFC7AFB4AFC75" box="[1217,1279,933,956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">sensu</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F0DFFC8FAF6FC7AFA2DFC75" author="Prance" box="[1288,1432,932,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Prance, G. T. (1982) Forest refuges: evidences from woody angiosperms. In: Whitmore, T. C. & Prance, G. T. (Eds), Biological diversification in the tropics. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 137 - 158." type="book chapter" year="1982">Prance 1982</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F0DFFC8FF69FC17FF67FC29" author="Prance" box="[151,210,968,992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Prance, G. T. (1987) Biogeography of neotropical plants. In: Prance, G. T. (Ed), Biogeography and quaternary history in tropical America. Oxford Monographs on Biogeography. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 175 - 196." type="book chapter" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F0DFFC8FF20FC17FE5FFC29" author="Silva" box="[222,490,968,992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Silva, J. M. C. & Casteletti, C. H. M. (2003) Status of the biodiversity of the Atlantic forest of Brazil. In: Galindo-Leal, C. & Camara, I. G. (Eds), The Atlantic forest of south America: biodiversity status, threats, and outlook. CABS and Island Press, Washington, DC, pp. 43 - 59." type="book chapter" year="2003">Silva & Casteletti 2003</bibRefCitation>
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||
), suggesting it is a hotspot within a hotspot, the Pernambuco refugium (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F0DFFC8FAEAFC17FF66FBCD" author="Punde" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Punde, S., Godbole, A. & Sarnaik, J. (2008) Searching for hotspots within a hotspot - using global prioritization schemes at a regional level. An example from the Northern Western Ghats. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Congress for Conservation Biology, Convention Center, Chattanooga, TN, July 10, 2008. Available from http: // www. allacademic. com / meta / p 237444 _ index. html (accessed 6 June 2010)." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Punde
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||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0DFFC8FA9DFC16FA29FC29" box="[1379,1436,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F0DFFC8FF1FFC33FDB1FBCD" author="Carnaval" box="[225,516,1004,1028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Carnaval, A. C. & Moritz, C. (2009) Predicting diversity within hotspots to enhance conservation. Science, 323, 785 - 789." type="journal article" year="2009">Carnaval & Moritz 2009</bibRefCitation>
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||
), a world priority for biodiversity conservation, and one of the most important hotspot on the planet (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F0DFFC8FE73FBCFFDEDFBE1" author="Myers" box="[397,600,1040,1064]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., Fonseca, G. A. B. & Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853 - 858." type="journal article" year="2000">
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||
Myers
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||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0DFFC8FE23FBCEFDA0FBE1" box="[477,533,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2000
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Usina Trapiche mill is one of the various scenarios of the 2% of what was left of the entire
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||
<collectionCode id="46AD319C2F0DFFC8FEABFBEBFE28FB85" box="[341,413,1076,1100]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">CEPE</collectionCode>
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||
. It comprises an isolated archipelago of 5,202 ha of hundreds of small, irregular, impacted and isolated Atlantic forest fragments surrounded by a sugar-cane matrix.
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||
<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F0DFFC8FC1AFB86FBABFBB9" box="[996,1054,1113,1136]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Mata</collectingCountry>
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||
Xanguá is the largest forest fragment (469.76 ha) of Usina Trapiche mill and is highly irregular shaped (shape index = 2.88; calculated following
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||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F0DFFC8FF69FB7EFE03FB71" author="Laurance" box="[151,438,1184,1208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Laurance, W. F. & Yensen, E. (1991) Predicting the impacts of edge effects in fragmented habitats. Biological Conservation, 55, 77 - 92." type="journal article" year="1991">Laurance & Yensen 1991</bibRefCitation>
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||
), and formed by lowland evergreen tropical rainforest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F0DFFC8FBDFFB7FFA84FB71" author="Oliveira" box="[1057,1329,1184,1208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Oliveira, A. T. & Fontes, M. A. L. (2000) Patterns of floristic differentiation among Atlantic forests in southeastern Brazil and the influence of climate. Biotropica, 32, 793 - 810." type="journal article" year="2000">Oliveira & Fontes 2000</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="68A6FAD22F0DFFC8FF3BFB1CFA33FA7C" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
|
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<paragraph id="2003A9592F0DFFC8FF3BFB1CFA33FA7C" blockId="3.[151,1437,644,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0DFFC8FF3BFB1CFEEBFB15" bold="true" box="[197,350,1219,1244]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F0DFFC8FE03FB1BFD1FFB15" author="Cabrera" box="[509,682,1220,1244]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Cabrera, A. (1961) Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, 4, 309 - 732." type="journal article" year="1961">Cabrera (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the distribution of the nominotypical subspecies is eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F0DFFC8FABEFB1AFF0FFAC9" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Guianas, and eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F0DFFC8FE16FB37FD85FAC9" box="[488,560,1256,1280]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Given that specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F0DFFC8FC87FB37FC6DFAC9" box="[889,984,1256,1280]" name="Suriname" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Surinam</collectingCountry>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F0DFFC8FB87FB36FA94FAC9" author="Husson" box="[1145,1313,1256,1280]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Husson, A. M. (1978) The mammals of Suriname. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 569 pp., 160 pls." type="book" year="1978">Husson (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
match our description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FF0717FB2F0DFFC8FE9DFAD2FE09FAEC" box="[355,444,1293,1317]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(see below), we believe this is a good approximation of the geographic range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F0DFFC8FAB3FAD2FF59FA81" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0DFFC8FAB3FAD2FF59FA81" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">C. prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F0DFFC8FF07FAEFFD9EFA81" author="Woods" box="[249,555,1328,1352]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Woods, C. A. & Kilpatrick, C. W. (2005) Suborder Hystricognathi. In: Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D. M. (Eds), Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3 rd ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp. 1538 - 1600." type="book chapter" year="2005">Woods & Kilpatrick (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
extended the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F0DFFC8FC95FAEFFBB0FA81" box="[875,1029,1328,1352]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0DFFC8FC95FAEFFBB0FA81" box="[875,1029,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">C. prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
westward to central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F0DFFC8FB15FAEFFA87FA81" box="[1259,1330,1328,1352]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F0DFFC8FF69FA8BFEBCFAA5" box="[151,265,1364,1388]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F0DFFC8FE95FA8AFE61FAA4" box="[363,468,1365,1389]" name="Paraguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F0DFFC8FDEEFA8BFDD0FAA5" box="[528,613,1364,1388]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but current data do not allow us to establish the western limits of its distribution, especially given that similar species probably occur in west-central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F0DFFC8FBF4FAA7FBFBFA59" box="[1034,1102,1400,1424]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see below). Only a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus will shed light on the geographic range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F0DFFC8FBC2FA42FB62FA7D" box="[1084,1239,1436,1460]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0DFFC8FBC2FA42FB62FA7D" box="[1084,1239,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">C. prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and congeners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68A6FAD22F0DFFCCFF3BFA60FAD3FEF6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2003A9592F0DFFC8FF3BFA60FEB9F8D4" blockId="3.[151,1437,644,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0DFFC8FF3BFA60FDC4FA11" bold="true" box="[197,625,1471,1496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FF0717FB2F0DFFC8FE5FFA1FFDB5FA11" box="[417,512,1472,1496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0DFFC8FDF2FA60FDC4FA11" bold="true" box="[524,625,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">External</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—Body measurements: HB =
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0DFFC8FC3BFA1FFB91FA11" box="[965,1060,1472,1496]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="460.0">460 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TL =
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0DFFC8FB8EFA1FFB65FA11" box="[1136,1232,1472,1496]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="400.0">400 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HF =
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0DFFC8FAE3FA1FFADBFA11" box="[1309,1390,1472,1496]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="76.0">76 mm</quantity>
|
||
, EL =
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0DFFC8FF50FA3BFEB5FA35" box="[174,256,1508,1532]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Weight =
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0DFFC8FE84FA3BFDBDFA34" box="[378,520,1508,1533]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.7199999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" unit="g" value="2720.0">2,720 grams</quantity>
|
||
. Tricolored quills on the top of head yellowish white basally, black in the middle, and white or whitish yellow distally. Thin, black and sparse hairs concealed under
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0DFFC8FBA8F9D7FB71F9E9" box="[1110,1220,1544,1568]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long quills. Quills short (
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0DFFC8FF20F9F3FEF9F98D" box="[222,332,1580,1604]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="2.0">2–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
) around the eyes and muzzle, slightly longer (
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0DFFC8FCABF9F3FC13F98D" box="[853,934,1580,1604]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
|
||
) on cheeks, whitish basally and distally, and black in the middle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B887B5DC2F0DFFC8FE76F98FFE78F9A1" box="[392,461,1616,1640]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,784,807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,758]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,179,759]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Details of the neotype of Coendou prehensilis (MN 73383) before specimen preparation: ventral view (A), tail (B), and face (C). Scale bar = 50 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201874/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Coarse hairs around nose short and brownish; slightly longer pelage on the chin. Mystacial vibrissae long and black, some extending well beyond the shoulder (
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0DFFC8FBE2F9ABFB35F945" box="[1052,1152,1652,1676]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Subocular and supraorbital vibrissae
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0DFFC8FEC0F947FE08F979" box="[318,445,1688,1712]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="71.5" valueMax="95.0" valueMin="48.0">48–95 mm</quantity>
|
||
; genal vibrissae
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0DFFC8FD83F947FD4EF979" box="[637,763,1688,1712]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="63.0" valueMax="82.0" valueMin="44.0">44–82 mm</quantity>
|
||
; shorter submental vibrissae present. Bulbous muzzle very large (ca.
|
||
<date id="54028F992F0DFFC8FEFBF963FE83F91D" box="[261,310,1724,1748]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" value="1950-10">50 x</date>
|
||
<date id="54028F992F0DFFC8FEC2F963FE25F91D" box="[316,400,1724,1748]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" value="1950-10-30">
|
||
50 x
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0DFFC8FE8AF963FE25F91D" box="[372,400,1724,1748]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="30.0">30</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
mm), soft and pinkish in the live animal. Conspicuously rounded ears nearly naked, covered with minute hairs; very short (
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0DFFC8FE11F93FFDF5F931" box="[495,576,1760,1784]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
) quills (either completely white, or black basally and white distally) around the tragus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2003A9592F0DFFCFFF3BF8F7FB65FEAD" blockId="3.[151,1437,644,2036]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,356]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Dorsal body surface densely covered with long quills (
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0DFFC8FCC7F8F7FC0CF889" box="[825,953,1832,1856]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.3" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="60.0" valueMax="83.0" valueMin="37.0">37–83 mm</quantity>
|
||
), gradually longer from shoulder to rump; with thin and sparse black hairs concealed underneath. Three patterns of quill bands on the shoulders: bicolored quills (white or whitish yellow base and black tip); tricolored quills (white or whitish yellow base, blackish middle, and whitish tip); and four-banded quills (same as previous, with an additional brownish tip). Quills on mid-dorsum bright yellow basally, black in the middle, and white to pale yellow distally, with different color proportions on each quill. Quills on rump tend to be dirty yellow distally. Quills gradually shorter and thinner from mid-dorsum towards the ventral surface. Basal bright yellow quill band gradually paler and finally white toward the venter; black middle band also gradually wider toward the venter. Transition between dorsal and ventral surface with three-banded bristles: white basally, brownish black in the middle, and white distally. Dense, 17 mm-long spinous hairs on ventral surface, white basally, brownish black in the middle, and white distally. Soft, long (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0AFFCFFABFFEDBFA21FED5" box="[1345,1428,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
) hairs on the lower venter, anterior to the hindlimbs, white basally and brownish distally. Conspicuous white line from mid-venter to the genitals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B887B5DC2F0AFFCFFDFCFE93FDF1FEAD" box="[514,580,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,784,807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,758]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,179,759]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Details of the neotype of Coendou prehensilis (MN 73383) before specimen preparation: ventral view (A), tail (B), and face (C). Scale bar = 50 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201874/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Sparse,
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0AFFCFFD37FE93FCADFEAD" box="[713,792,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
black-and-white vibrissae on the belly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="74C3F9D12F0AFFCFFF69F841FC9BF81A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201873/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[226,1359,409,1919]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="2003A9592F0AFFCFFF69F841FC9BF81A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1950,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0AFFCFFF69F841FEA7F87A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1950,1973]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Neotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F0AFFCFFE71F841FDEBF87D" box="[399,606,1950,1972]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0AFFCFFE71F841FDEBF87D" box="[399,606,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Coendou prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MN 73383): dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views of the skull; dorsal (D) and lateral (E) views of the mandible; dorsal view of the skin (F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="74C3F9D12F0BFFCEFF69FCCFFE52FC8C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201874/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[151,1436,179,758]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="2003A9592F0BFFCEFF69FCCFFE52FC8C" blockId="5.[151,1436,784,837]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0BFFCEFF69FCCFFEA7FCEC" bold="true" box="[151,274,784,807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Details of the neotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F0BFFCEFDE8FCCFFD50FCEF" box="[534,741,784,806]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0BFFCEFDE8FCCFFD50FCEF" box="[534,741,784,806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Coendou prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MN 73383) before specimen preparation: ventral view (A), tail (B), and face (C). Scale bar = 50 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2003A9592F0BFFCEFF3BFCB5FC8DFBFA" blockId="5.[151,1437,873,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Fore- and hindlimbs densely covered with coarse hairs, black or brown basally and whitish distally; hairs become progressively stiffer toward the dorsal surface. Small (<
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0BFFCEFC95FC52FC0BFC6C" box="[875,958,909,933]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
) quills along the outer margin of the forelimbs become shorter and whitish basally toward the feet. Hindlimb quills concentrated near the rump; quills bright yellow basally, brownish black in the middle, and white distally. Postcranial vibrissae present, predominantly black basally and whitish distally,
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0BFFCEFE2AFC28FDF8FBC6" box="[468,589,1015,1039]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="20.0">20–32 mm</quantity>
|
||
long on the forelimbs and
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0BFFCEFC87FC28FC47FBC6" box="[889,1010,1015,1039]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="41.0" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="30.0">30–52 mm</quantity>
|
||
on the hindlimbs. Plantar surface yellowish brown in the live animal; claws long, curved inward.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2003A9592F0BFFCEFF3BFBE1FEB1FAE2" blockId="5.[151,1437,873,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Tail dorsally prehensile and slightly shorter than head-and-body. Caudal quills bright yellow basally, black in the middle, and white to pale yellow distally; distal band wider than others. Proximal one-third of tail covered dorsally with longer quills (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0BFFCEFE24FB5AFD9AFB54" box="[474,559,1157,1181]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
), covered laterally with bicolored bristles (brownish black basally and white distally, stiffer and darker toward the ventral surface), and covered ventrally with brownish bristles. Midde of tail covered dorsally with shorter quills (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0BFFCEFDA9FB13FD1CFB2D" box="[599,681,1228,1252]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
), laterally with bristles darker than those on the proximal third. Distal third of tail naked and calloused dorsally, covered laterally and ventrally with relatively sparse black bristles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B887B5DC2F0BFFCEFF61FACCFF57FAE2" box="[159,226,1299,1323]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,784,807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,758]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,179,759]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Details of the neotype of Coendou prehensilis (MN 73383) before specimen preparation: ventral view (A), tail (B), and face (C). Scale bar = 50 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201874/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2003A9592F0BFFCEFF3BFAE9FD93F8AA" blockId="5.[151,1437,873,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0BFFCEFF3BFAE9FEB4FA86" bold="true" box="[197,257,1334,1359]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Skull</emphasis>
|
||
—Frontal and nasal sinuses inflated dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B887B5DC2F0BFFCEFCF6FAE8FCFFFA86" box="[776,842,1335,1359]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1439,1462]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,752,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,751,1418]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Woodcut illustration of Cuandu brasiliensibus from Marcgrave (1648)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201872/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), from mid-nasals to fronto-parietal suture; parietals slightly inflated. Postorbital ridge well developed and slightly inflated; left and right temporalis scars are closely approximated for about
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F0BFFCEFE5DFAA1FE47FA5F" box="[419,498,1406,1430]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
along the dorsal midline of the posterior braincase, but do not form a definitive sagittal crest; supraoccipital ridge well developed. Rostrum short and tall; nasal aperture heart-shaped in frontal view. Nasals short, anterior margins convex and longer medially. Naso-frontal suture U-shaped and anterior to the postorbital ridge. Gnathic process well developed; zygomatic arches curved and widest across the jugals in dorsal view. Lacrimal-sphenoid suture nearly touches sphenofrontal foramen. Jugal tall, tapering posteriorly in lateral view. Incisive foramina oval, contained completely by the premaxillae and adjacent to premaxillary suture. Longitudinal maxillary ridge extending from anteromedian edge of upper premolar to premaxillary suture. Anterior margin of mesopterygoid fossa extends to the middle of the third molars; bony roof of the fossa perforated by sphenopalatine fenestrae. Auditory bullae large and bean-shaped, constricted posteriorly and contacting paroccipital processes. Basoccipital width subequal to auditory bulla width. Distinct, inward-extending ridge on roof of external auditory meatus. Depression between occipital condyle and paroccipital process U-shaped. Cranial measurements in millimeters:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F0BFFCEFE3EF8DBFE58F8D5" box="[448,493,1796,1820]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">CIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
= 86.27; LD = 23.31; LIF = 5.11; BIF = 3.11; MTR = 19.11; LM = 14.50; BP4 = 4.86; BM1 = 5.09; APB = 6.46; PPB = 8.82; PZB = 49.78; HIF = 12.92; ZL = 31.27; LN = 28.53; BNA = 21.98; BB = 35.29;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F0BFFCEFED6F893FEF3F8AA" box="[296,326,1868,1891]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">DI</collectingCountry>
|
||
= 4.18; BIT = 7.42.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2003A9592F0BFFCEFF3BF8B1FD30F839" blockId="5.[151,1437,873,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F0BFFCEFF3BF8B1FE87F84E" bold="true" box="[197,306,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Dentition</emphasis>
|
||
—Dental formula:
|
||
<date id="54028F992F0BFFCEFDF9F8B0FD91F84F" box="[519,548,1902,1926]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">I 1</date>
|
||
/1, C 0/0, P 1/1, M 3/3. Anterior surface of incisors orange-yellow and remaining surfaces whitish. Maxillary toothrows nearly parallel and showing typical erethizontid occlusal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B887B5DC2F0BFFCEFAB4F84EFA3FF860" box="[1354,1418,1937,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1439,1462]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,752,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,751,1418]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Woodcut illustration of Cuandu brasiliensibus from Marcgrave (1648)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201872/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ancestral pentalophodont morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F0BFFCEFDA5F86AFCD1F804" author="Vucetich" box="[603,868,1973,1997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Vucetich, M. G. & Verzi, D. H. (1994) Las homologias en los disenos oclusales de los roedores Caviomorpha: un modelo alternativo. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 1 (1), 61 - 72." type="journal article" year="1994">Vucetich & Verzi 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) on maxillary teeth, where anteroloph, protoloph, mesoloph and metaloph link to posteroloph.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2003A9592F08FFCDFF3BFF48FEADFE4E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F08FFCDFF3BFF48FEDEFF79" bold="true" box="[197,363,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no other large porcupine with tricolored quills within the range of
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F08FFCDFB3FFF47FAD6FF79" box="[1217,1379,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F08FFCDFB3FFF47FAD5FF79" box="[1217,1376,152,176]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">C. prehensilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This taxon and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F08FFCDFEF0FF62FE54FF1D" authority="Tschudi" authorityName="Tschudi" box="[270,481,188,212]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Chaetomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F08FFCDFEF0FF62FE34FF1D" box="[270,385,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">C. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
Tschudi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the two largest species of Neotropical porcupines, measuring from about
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F08FFCDFAAAFF63FF41FF3E" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="470.0" valueMax="560.0" valueMin="380.0">380 to 560 mm</quantity>
|
||
of head-and-body length and weighting from to
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F08FFCDFCE9FF00FCCEFF3E" box="[791,891,223,247]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" unit="kg" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3 to 5 kg</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F08FFCDFC74FF00FB3DFF3E" author="Emmons" box="[906,1160,223,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Emmons, L. H. & Feer, F. (1997) Neotropical rainforest mammals: a field guide. 2 nd ed., University of Chicago Press, Chicago." type="book" year="1997">Emmons & Feer 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="FF0717FB2F08FFCDFB31FF3FFA9DFF31" box="[1231,1320,224,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F08FFCDFAB3FF3FFF58FED5" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F08FFCDFAB3FF3FFF58FED5" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">C. prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is on the lower range of these values, measuring
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F08FFCDFCD6FEDBFC32FED5" box="[808,903,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="460.0">460 mm</quantity>
|
||
(HB) and weighing
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F08FFCDFB8AFEDBFB75FED5" box="[1140,1216,260,284]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" unit="kg" value="2.7">2.7 kg</quantity>
|
||
. Despite its overall small size, this specimen has heavily worn molars, indicative of an old adult individual according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F08FFCDFB08FEF7FE9FFEAD" author="Voss" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Voss, R. S. & Angermann, R. (1997) Revisionary notes on Neotropical porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae). 1. Type material described by Olfers (1818) and Kuhl (1820) in the Berlin Zoological Museum. American Museum Novitates, 3214, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1997">Voss & Angermann (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F08FFCDFECBFE93FE47FEAD" box="[309,498,332,356]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F08FFCDFECBFE93FE47FEAD" box="[309,498,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Coendou bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has typically bicolored spines, yellow-white basally and black distally (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F08FFCDFAE7FE93FEB9FE4E" author="Emmons" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Emmons, L. H. & Feer, F. (1997) Neotropical rainforest mammals: a field guide. 2 nd ed., University of Chicago Press, Chicago." type="book" year="1997">Emmons & Feer 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2003A9592F08FFCDFF3BFE4BFB33FD05" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
|
||
The pelage of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FF0717FB2F08FFCDFE70FE4AFE53FE64" box="[398,486,405,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
matches Marcgrave’s overall description (Appendix 1): the dorsal surface is covered with yellowish-based quills that are blackish medially and whitish distally. The tail is slightly longer than headand-body in Marcgrave’s description, but the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FF0717FB2F08FFCDFD58FE02FD4AFE3C" box="[678,767,477,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has slightly longer head-and-body. Among the specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58ABE9C92F08FFCDFF28FE20FE8DFDDE" box="[214,312,511,535]" name="Suriname" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Surinam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, housed at the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden (RMNH), and described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F08FFCDFAB6FDDFFF56FDF5" author="Husson" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Husson, A. M. (1978) The mammals of Suriname. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 569 pp., 160 pls." type="book" year="1978">Husson (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, one had longer head-and-body (RMNH 18299: HB =
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F08FFCDFCAFFDFBFC04FDF5" box="[849,945,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.87" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="487.0">487 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TL =
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F08FFCDFC00FDFBFBE8FDF5" box="[1022,1117,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.71" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="471.0">471 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and another had longer tail (RMNH 21902: HB =
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F08FFCDFE69FD98FE43FD96" box="[407,502,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="460.0">460 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TL =
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F08FFCDFDBDFD98FD10FD96" box="[579,677,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="480.0">480 mm</quantity>
|
||
). In general, the pelage of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FF0717FB2F08FFCDFC04FD97FBE6FDA9" box="[1018,1107,584,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
agrees with Husson’s (1978) description of Surinamese material, albeit the dorsal quills are shorter (
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F08FFCDFC52FDB3FC49FD4D" box="[940,1020,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
on the head and
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F08FFCDFB46FDB3FAB3FD4D" box="[1208,1286,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="83.0">83 mm</quantity>
|
||
on the rump) on the former than the latter (
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F08FFCDFE15FD50FD88FD6E" box="[491,573,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
on the head and
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F08FFCDFCFBFD50FCD1FD6E" box="[773,868,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
||
on the rump). The detailed description of the tail given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F08FFCDFF01FD6AFE11FD05" author="Husson" box="[255,420,692,716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Husson, A. M. (1978) The mammals of Suriname. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 569 pp., 160 pls." type="book" year="1978">Husson (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
matches very well the pattern we found on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FF0717FB2F08FFCDFC46FD6AFBA4FD04" box="[952,1041,693,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B887B5DC2F08FFCDFBDEFD6BFBD6FD05" box="[1056,1123,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,784,807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,758]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,179,759]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Details of the neotype of Coendou prehensilis (MN 73383) before specimen preparation: ventral view (A), tail (B), and face (C). Scale bar = 50 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201874/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="74C3F9D12F08FFCDFF69F9C8FA32F9A2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201875/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[361,1226,769,1540]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="2003A9592F08FFCDFF69F9C8FA32F9A2" blockId="6.[151,1436,1559,1643]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F08FFCDFF69F9C8FEA6F9E4" bold="true" box="[151,275,1559,1582]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F08FFCDFD8EF9C7FCF5F9E7" box="[624,832,1560,1582]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F08FFCDFD8EF9C7FCF5F9E7" box="[624,832,1560,1582]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Coendou prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(star) and other localities where specimens of erethizontids with cytochrome b sequences available were collected: “
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F08FFCDFD1EF9E8FC75F984" box="[736,960,1591,1613]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F08FFCDFD1EF9E8FC0DF984" box="[736,952,1591,1613]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">Coendou prehensilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(black square), “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F08FFCDFB8DF9E8FAAAF984" box="[1139,1311,1591,1613]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F08FFCDFB8DF9E8FAAAF984" box="[1139,1311,1591,1613]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Coendou bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (black circles),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F08FFCDFF2DF98AFE0DF9A2" box="[211,440,1621,1643]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Sphiggurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F08FFCDFF2DF98AFE0DF9A2" box="[211,440,1621,1643]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Sphiggurus melanurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(open square), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F08FFCDFD7EF989FD53F9A2" box="[640,742,1621,1643]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Sphiggurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F08FFCDFD7EF989FD53F9A2" box="[640,742,1621,1643]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">S. villosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(open circles). See Table 1 for the list of specimens and localities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2003A9592F08FFCDFF3BF948FA83F8D5" blockId="6.[151,1437,1687,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
|
||
The cranial morphology of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FF0717FB2F08FFCDFDE1F947FDCDF979" box="[543,632,1688,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is also very similar to Husson’s (1978) description of Surinamese material. The two main distinctions are: the posterior margin of the incisive foramen is anterior to the suture between the premaxillary and the maxillary in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FF0717FB2F08FFCDFDACF93FFD1BF931" box="[594,686,1760,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and at this suture on Surinamese specimens; anterior margin of mesopterygoid fossa reaches mid-M3 on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FF0717FB2F08FFCDFD71F8DAFD5DF8D4" box="[655,744,1797,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and between M2 and M3 on Surinamese specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2003A9592F08FFCCFF3BF8F8FAD3FEF6" blockId="6.[151,1437,1687,2036]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F08FFCDFF3BF8F8FD05F889" bold="true" box="[197,688,1831,1856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences.</emphasis>
|
||
The strict consensus of the six most-parsimonious trees recovered by our analyses (length = 361 steps) showed a topology very similar to the ML tree (-Ln = 2654.6), but higher bootstrap support for nodes in general (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B887B5DC2F08FFCDFDA4F8B0FD15F84E" box="[602,672,1903,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1115,1138]" captionTargetBox="[229,1356,382,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[226,1360,375,1093]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parsimony tree based on cytochrome b sequences from Neotropical porcupines of the genera Coendou and Sphiggurus (Erethizontidae). Numbers above branches correspond to parsimony and likelihood bootstrap support values> 50 %; numbers below branches indicate the average pairwise genetic distances (Kimura 2 - parameter) among specimens. Erethizon dorsatum and Chaetomys subspinosus were used as outgroups." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201876/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Only MP confirmed the monophyly of the three “
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F08FFCDFB0EF8AFFA2EF841" box="[1264,1435,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F08FFCDFB0EF8AFFA20F841" box="[1264,1429,1904,1928]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">C. prehensilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sequences from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F08FFCDFEB1F84BFDEFF865" box="[335,602,1940,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Bonvicino, C. R., Penna-Firme, V. & Braggio, E. (2002) Molecular and karyotypic evidence of the taxonomic status of Coendou and Sphiggurus (Rodentia: Hystricognathi). Journal of Mammalogy, 83 (4), 1071 - 1076." type="journal article">
|
||
Bonvicino
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F08FFCDFE32F84AFE4BF865" box="[460,510,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but with no bootstrap support. These sequences grouped with specimens identified as
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F08FFCDFED6F867FEFEF806" box="[296,331,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F08FFCDFECCF867FEFEF806" box="[306,331,1976,1999]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">C</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F08FFCDFEA7F867FE0FF819" box="[345,442,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">bicolor”</emphasis>
|
||
in Genbank, diverging only 0.6% from them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B887B5DC2F08FFCDFC3BF868FBBFF806" box="[965,1034,1975,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1115,1138]" captionTargetBox="[229,1356,382,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[226,1360,375,1093]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parsimony tree based on cytochrome b sequences from Neotropical porcupines of the genera Coendou and Sphiggurus (Erethizontidae). Numbers above branches correspond to parsimony and likelihood bootstrap support values> 50 %; numbers below branches indicate the average pairwise genetic distances (Kimura 2 - parameter) among specimens. Erethizon dorsatum and Chaetomys subspinosus were used as outgroups." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201876/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Together, they formed a well supported clade (100% MP and 90% ML bootstrap) that probably represents a single species, considering that up to
|
||
<quantity id="E74404BC2F09FFCCFF69FF48FEB4FF66" box="[151,257,151,175]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" unit="km" value="2000.0">2,000 km</quantity>
|
||
separate some of them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B887B5DC2F09FFCCFDEDFF48FDECFF66" box="[531,601,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1559,1582]" captionTargetBox="[361,1226,769,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[361,1226,769,1541]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map showing the type locality of Coendou prehensilis (star) and other localities where specimens of erethizontids with cytochrome b sequences available were collected: “ Coendou prehensilis ” (black square), “ Coendou bicolor ” (black circles), Sphiggurus melanurus (open square), and S. villosus (open circles). See Table 1 for the list of specimens and localities." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201875/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sequence from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FF0717FB2F09FFCCFC8BFF47FC7BFF79" box="[885,974,152,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F09FFCCFC0AFF47FB3AFF79" box="[1012,1167,152,176]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F09FFCCFC0AFF47FB3AFF79" box="[1012,1167,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">C. prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
diverged 4.9% on average from a sister-group comprising haplotypes from specimens identified as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F09FFCCFBF6FF62FB37FF1D" box="[1032,1154,188,212]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F09FFCCFBF6FF62FBAEFF1D" box="[1032,1051,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F09FFCCFBD4FF63FB37FF1D" box="[1066,1154,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F09FFCCFB2EFF62FADEFF1D" box="[1232,1387,188,212]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prehensilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F09FFCCFB2EFF62FB56FF1D" box="[1232,1251,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F09FFCCFB0FFF63FADEFF1D" box="[1265,1387,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">prehensilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="442DD4A82F09FFCCFF69FF00FE2AFF3E" box="[151,415,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="Bonvicino, C. R., Penna-Firme, V. & Braggio, E. (2002) Molecular and karyotypic evidence of the taxonomic status of Coendou and Sphiggurus (Rodentia: Hystricognathi). Journal of Mammalogy, 83 (4), 1071 - 1076." type="journal article">
|
||
Bonvicino
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F09FFCCFEECFF3EFEFFFF31" box="[274,330,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F09FFCCFE57FF3FFDBBFF31" box="[425,526,224,248]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F09FFCCFE57FF3FFDBBFF31" box="[425,526,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Coendou</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F09FFCCFDBAFF3FFD76FF31" box="[580,707,224,248]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Sphiggurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F09FFCCFDBAFF3FFD76FF31" box="[580,707,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Sphiggurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed two reciprocally monophyletic groups, well supported in MP analysis (99% and 92%, respectively), showing 10.9% genetic divergence between them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B887B5DC2F09FFCCFB48FEDBFB4EFED5" box="[1206,1275,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1115,1138]" captionTargetBox="[229,1356,382,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[226,1360,375,1093]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parsimony tree based on cytochrome b sequences from Neotropical porcupines of the genera Coendou and Sphiggurus (Erethizontidae). Numbers above branches correspond to parsimony and likelihood bootstrap support values> 50 %; numbers below branches indicate the average pairwise genetic distances (Kimura 2 - parameter) among specimens. Erethizon dorsatum and Chaetomys subspinosus were used as outgroups." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201876/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The reciprocal monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F09FFCCFE9DFEF7FE7DFE89" box="[355,456,296,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Coendou" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F09FFCCFE9DFEF7FE7DFE89" box="[355,456,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Coendou</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCD2DA2F09FFCCFE01FEF7FDCAFE89" box="[511,639,296,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Sphiggurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="12C8754B2F09FFCCFE01FEF7FDCAFE89" box="[511,639,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Sphiggurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had low support in the ML analysis (76% and 66%, respectively).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |