167 lines
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167 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.33597" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c81249cc-265d-41cd-809d-74da9f8324d6" ID-PMC="PMC6656982" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-860-67" ID-PubMed="31363344" ID-ZBK="128BC1830A6A423488931CBD2D2AF962" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-860-67" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 860" ModsDocTitle="A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part II: Species of Holaxonia, families Gorgoniidae and Plexauridae" checkinTime="1562310429444" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Horvath, Elizabeth Anne" docDate="2019" docId="5638883833D6EB441B7A6860FA56EA0A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 860: 67-182" docOrigin="ZooKeys 860" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.33597" docTitle="Eugorgia ljubenkovia Horvath, 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="48F9BA66-D012-44A5-8C8F-1EEAE2279548" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FC39FFCAFFF7185C9E0D0A1A2F0D8028" masterDocTitle="A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part II: Species of Holaxonia, families Gorgoniidae and Plexauridae" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1668167489548" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part II: Species of Holaxonia, families Gorgoniidae and Plexauridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Horvath, Elizabeth Anne</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>860</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>67</mods:start>
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<mods:end>182</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.33597</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.33597</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-860-67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">128BC1830A6A423488931CBD2D2AF962</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">128BC1830A6A423488931CBD2D2AF962</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525366" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:48F9BA66-D012-44A5-8C8F-1EEAE2279548" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5638883833D6EB441B7A6860FA56EA0A" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/48F9BA66-D012-44A5-8C8F-1EEAE2279548" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia ljubenkovia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ljubenkovia">Eugorgia ljubenkovia</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="67">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 11A, B, 12A, B, 13
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Isla Cedros, Baja, Mexico.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="type specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Type specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Holotype Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, SBMNH 422333.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">~5 lots (see Appendix 1: List of material examined).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Colony an obvious whip-like form, no apparent holdfast, with minimal to no branching (not common to genus), branches fairly slender, with both branch ends pointed; sclerites double-disc spindles, with disc edges quite angular and sharp, characteristic of genus.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Colonies (Figure 11A) incomplete, with exception of one (total strand length of complete one, 58.5 cm; length of largest colony fragment, ~37 cm); diameter 1.0 mm (largest diameter up to 3.0 mm, when polyps included); few with tiny holdfast; long, thin, stiff, wiry strands, none or very few primary or secondary branches (unusual for species in this genus); what branches are present come off at right angles to main stem, then curve some five cm distant or more from branching point; branch pattern (one colony) more dichotomous or lateral. Tips of branches (both ends) terminate in small arrowhead configuration. Coenenchyme very thin; axis visible through it in some areas; color of colonies generally pure white, light creamy beige to very, very pale pink, both coenenchyme and polyps; axis red-gold, with greenish cast. Small polyp mounds (no more than 1.0 mm tall, 1.0-1.5 mm broad at base) moderately prominent, rounded, conically broad bumps arranged in nearly opposite (occasionally alternate) pattern, lateral, giving strands flattened appearance from front to back (closer examination revealed polyps on all sides); very thin ridge line (longitudinal ridge) runs down middle of both
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“front”">"front"</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“back”">"back"</normalizedToken>
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of branch; appears as bare
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“thread,”">"thread,"</normalizedToken>
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slightly raised; overall, polyps give branches a distinct zig-zag edge on lateral sides. Polyps (Figure 11B) sit very close together, bases touching; greatest distance between polyps ~1.0 mm. Polyp aperture oval-shaped to thin slit, aligned with long axis of branch. Sclerites (Figures 12, 13) small; predominant type are double disc spindles (Figure 13B), with disc edges quite angular and sharp (common in species of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Eugorgia</taxonomicName>
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); also, slightly longer, symmetrical spindles (more typical of species in genus
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Leptogorgia</taxonomicName>
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, Figure 13C) and occasionally, crosses (quadriradiates); all are colorless.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Figure 11.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia ljubenkovia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ljubenkovia">Eugorgia ljubenkovia</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., SBMNH 472232. A View of long, coiled specimen strands; when fully extended, longest strand length ~37 cm. Strand diameter (excluding polyp mound) ~1.0 mm B Magnification of branch strand, showing small, rounded polyp mounds.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Figure 12.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia ljubenkovia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ljubenkovia">Eugorgia ljubenkovia</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., SBMNH 472232, light microscopy sclerite array. A 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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, showing rounded spindles and double discs. Note apparent quadriradiate, upper right B Sclerite array at 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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, illustrating stout, sharp-toothed double discs (seen in some species of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Eugorgia</taxonomicName>
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). Sclerite color is white, but may give colony a very, very pale pink cast when in the tissue. Largest sclerites up to 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, those shorter, rounder up to 70-75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Figure 13.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia ljubenkovia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ljubenkovia">Eugorgia ljubenkovia</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., SBMNH 472232, SEM image. Sclerite color is white, but may give colony a very, very pale pink cast when in tissue. A Anthocodial sclerites B Double-discs (teeth evident in most) C Coenenchymal spindles.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Proposing
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia ljubenkovia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ljubenkovia">Eugorgia ljubenkovia</taxonomicName>
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, to honor John Ljubenkov, a southern California cnidarian biologist, colleague and friend of many Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists (SCAMIT) members.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="common name">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Common name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="John’s">John's</normalizedToken>
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wire gorgonian.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Known from collection events undertaken by staff of Orange County Sanitation District and one lot taken in South Bay, Isla Cedros ('Velero
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV’">IV'</normalizedToken>
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) in 1949; thus, at this time, known from southern California and northernmost Baja, Mexico.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Moderate occurrence, indicated by OCSD collection events; not occurring at great depth (~30-35 m). Hydroids (fuzzy mass) attached to bare axis on one colony (SBMNH 472233); elsewhere on same colony, barnacle galls, barnacles completely covered with
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<normalizedToken originalValue="gorgonian’s">gorgonian's</normalizedToken>
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coenenchyme.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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All colonies have shape of a thin, whip-like
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Leptogorgia</taxonomicName>
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species, and may exhibit the same presumed lifestyle as that of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia filicrispa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filicrispa">Leptogorgia filicrispa</taxonomicName>
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Horvath, 2011 or that of species in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
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Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860. However, sclerites most distinctive in being largely double discs, characteristic of species in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Eugorgia</taxonomicName>
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. Originally, was tentatively identified as a possible
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Heterogorgia</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1868c by J Ljubenkov; these specimens did not show the characteristic collaret, point and thorn sclerites of that genus (and that genus does not display distinct double discs, as seen here). Originally, SBMNH 422333 was shelved with specimens of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
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; despite the long, thinner branch strands and possible lifestyle similarity, no large spheroidal bodies, characteristic of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
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were found. Also, this species (in five lots), is not additional material of the species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. filicrispa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="filicrispa">L. filicrispa</taxonomicName>
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(Horvath, 2011), as jagged double discs are not seen in that species, and sclerites in that species can be variably colored. This species is a unique mix of colony form seen in some
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Leptogorgia</taxonomicName>
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with the sclerites of a
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Eugorgia</taxonomicName>
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. The long, thin wiry condition of the stems may be the result of environmental circumstances, involving both substrate (sandy or soft bottom sediment) and water flow. From examination of all specimens, it seems possible that some strands have no attachment base, but instead have terminal tips at both ends of strand. Further in situ work would need to be undertaken to document the environmental conditions under which this species lives.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |