185 lines
20 KiB
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185 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="19617FC26499D50C27A56F09576DC839" ID-CLB-Dataset="33537" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.475.7877" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ef38c1b2-bc69-4e07-952e-3be4b548f817" ID-PMC="PMC4311699" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-475-37" ID-PubMed="25684997" ID-ZooBank="C4ACAF17E887406AAF7C6D0155E7F392" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-475-37" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 475" ModsDocTitle="The Blattodeas.s. (Insecta, Dictyoptera) of the Guiana Shield" checkinTime="1451244773257" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Evangelista, Dominic A., Chan, Kimberly, Kaplan, Kayla L., Wilson, Megan M. & Ware, Jessica L." docDate="2015" docId="38447DFDB65DA661E898C1F58D0C5B64" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 475: 37-87" docOrigin="ZooKeys 475" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.475.7877" docTitle="Epilampra opaca Walker 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="2D44FF98FFDA1F2EC32EF471E44AFF86" masterDocTitle="The Blattodeas. s. (Insecta, Dictyoptera) of the Guiana Shield" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1701381525386" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F2DA3B9CA578C79FED85D2F85EAED2BF">The Blattodeas. s. (Insecta, Dictyoptera) of the Guiana Shield</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="64F796B17B8A72DCB82D31811C643A27">Evangelista, Dominic A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DFD911898645A309D9F802156051E290">Chan, Kimberly</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AC068466B4108F002533BD34277804D7">Kaplan, Kayla L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9ECBC9200956559EF63F9E3339FEA6F0">Wilson, Megan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A1F26DEC3C81369C445E78A9454C4862">Ware, Jessica L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="21958EF4394A9C248CDE66E2449DA5E8">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DC1A8219D74CF306D738CD1AA20AD522">475</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AB5521FD8E92AA2DB4D4EB37340D5851" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.475.7877</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="65C766DBDF4A0E9E1FBEAD0A7A69BBCB" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-475-37</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0AF036A300F3FA05554889FEF4D4F03E" type="ZooBank">C4ACAF17E887406AAF7C6D0155E7F392</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="38447DFDB65DA661E898C1F58D0C5B64" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152057870" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:38447DFDB65DA661E898C1F58D0C5B64" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/38447DFDB65DA661E898C1F58D0C5B64" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection id="DD13B2FE0340363070FC04FB011A7D41" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="5D04C4F39029D3CAC038A5437BFB70D4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Taxon classification Animalia Blattodea Blaberidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4D2F09F53714B18782AE9694D63D4396" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B64A101F87590A053EE75EECA4212BCE" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="EF3B8569BEDD584A803E6F52A57C0D4A" ID-CoL="6G553" authority="Walker, 1868" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Epilampra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epilampra opaca" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">Epilampra opaca Walker, 1868</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6194B8215AED17DE9FAF858137CB2F41" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="materials">
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<paragraph id="1F2F29DFABC0B257AAE9BC07110E2624" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Materials.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="32921D9705B0269B56637491CC79541C" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Adult ♂ Figure 3B.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="475BCCB9365168F6FDF580782803FA5B" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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<pageBreakToken id="78526A70343C9D8D082F2A1D4CADC730" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" start="start">Voucher</pageBreakToken>
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number: DECBA1845.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B81AF7104074C00A76CB97A6993D779C" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">GenBank accession number: KF155125.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0694115B6BBCD25EA6459207DB744E84" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="07FAE2A064E97F9B71B36D6B7CB5EE6A" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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GPS:
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<geoCoordinate id="BC9E79D82B0639CB416CD00B6D4A817E" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="6.483333">6°29'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="8E81BBCA956FBFC19E57151F88550DBF" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-58.216667">58°13'W</geoCoordinate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="08A37051CF0B4A313E075387A82565EC" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Date: 18 - August - 2012.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="91C1FC76960661DB0F4740AA157C3085" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista and William R. Kuhn.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9DC3074239CB48F23EDDB879AB5FA4" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Adult ♀</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="442E9068C6AA365E056291260CE6BE66" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Voucher number: DECBA1847.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="541B4F831E42AACB0CF452D43F77002C" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">GenBank accession number: KF155124.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2DB8DDA524C74362203A29B91A89B864" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B5C6E13BE0CBC59162F4B2E7BC751CEC" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
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GPS:
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<geoCoordinate id="64BDF3535F3CA56DFE7D778D23B86504" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="6.483333">6°29"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BC86245121310A1F0172DEBF254FF4FA" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-58.216667">58°13"W</geoCoordinate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="60881432A3C02AD3DA46D24849F7AED8" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Date: 5 - August - 2011.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D321361FF8758E0EA89B56D6DEF52197" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista, Ian Biazzo, Manpreet K. Kohli, Melissa Sanchez-Herrera, Nicole Sroczinski and Jessica L. Ware.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D953C3D518B65EA9723309B6165B2A29" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="collection/ecological information">
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<paragraph id="1858B72BC54BFBC41FFCD4245F694E6D" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Collection/ecological information.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1FEBEED2815A61811852FB6F00BB3B14" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">The adult male (DECBA1845) was collected at a light trap. Adult female (DECBA1847) was collected by hand in the leaf litter by a small pond. Most late instar individuals of this species were also collected at the edge of this pond and some were collected in pitfall traps baited with beer. Early instar individuals of this species were collected from within bromeliads.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="92EC44D4FEFEB10919DA9543E0BE7C0F" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" type="genetic information">
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<paragraph id="01B58FF524D9FC9ECA95ED4F91946789" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
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<pageBreakToken id="4B2AECD6D19284C67025D9376573087F" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" start="start">Genetic</pageBreakToken>
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information.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="997AEC00C24DD38C864C37E5906F15E7" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
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The two adult specimens reported here, as well as three juvenile individuals (Voucher and accession numbers: DEDSM0141 - KF155097, DECBA1706 - KF155089, DECBA0205 - KF155088) have identical COI barcodes and are sister to each other on the tree. However, other individuals (similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4F8E81B0410E62CB289419239CC6436D" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Epilampra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epilampra opaca" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">Epilampra opaca</taxonomicName>
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) included in the analysis (Voucher and accession numbers: DECBA0214 - KF155018, DECBA0216 - KF155017, DECBA0606 - KF155013, DECBA1101 - KF155016, DECBA0605 - KF155012, DECBA0608 - KF155015) are more genetically diverse and are only supported as monophyletic by 63% bootstrap support.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="12E25FC3D883D2644187C49AFE90DF7F" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" type="morphological identification">
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<paragraph id="B64558D32F4DD058ADD660BB4410364A" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Morphological identification.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A139957902C5E82FD5F2234B1125EC40" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
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There is a great deal of intraspecific variation in the morphology of this species. Early instar nymphs are difficult to associate to later instar nymphs, all of which are entirely unrecognizable from the adults (Figure 3
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<normalizedToken id="9B797AEBF368954A587403A9A34866CD" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). Furthermore, there is variation within instars, where some later instar nymphs will appear to have a medially divided subgenital plate and others do not. This trait was not found to correlate with genetic differences (
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<bibRefCitation id="830439182C5369D708D4D9C47DCCBF0F" author="Evangelista, DA" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="29" pageNumber="66" pagination="150 - 158" title="Species richness estimates of Blattodea s. s. (Insecta: Dictyoptera) from northern Guyana vary depending upon methods of species delimitation." url="10.1111/syen.12043" volume="39" year="2014">Evangelista et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="798890CA59D19B7C16B5850C4EAE2E6E" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
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The external morphology of this species provides little assistance in its identification, as most descriptions of it emphasize coloration that is both subtle and variable. However, the allometry of our specimens (Table 2) agree with those of
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<bibRefCitation id="785525DC2F9A0C80C85C57B1B1046D73" author="Bruijning, CFA" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas" pageId="28" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 103" title="The Blattidae of Surinam." volume="2" year="1959">Bruijning (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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. A definitive identification was made by comparison of genital morphology using
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<bibRefCitation id="DD74970E3F88C87B06A1017CF5EEA28B" author="Roth, LM" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="31" pageNumber="68" pagination="436 - 486" title="The male genitalia of Blattaria. V. Epilampra spp. (Blaberidae: Epilamprinae)." url="10.1155/1970/46805" volume="77" year="1970 b">Roth (1970b)</bibRefCitation>
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, particularly in the shape of the prepuce.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08E495B7F9DF975727204558123B42F8" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" type="known geographic distribution">
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<paragraph id="0BC8A3B0FD37B7801327168DE7AE96EA" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Known geographic distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C44A6F1F6A55BF233DD1BA4C9CAEB32C" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Venezuela (unverified), Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and Brazil</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB39E90920F791859E5DAA98876D7563" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
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History and synonymy.
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<bibRefCitation id="584F73C40A98956B23AF377671864FE2" author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="32" pageNumber="69" title="Catalogue of Specimens of Blattariae in the Collection of the British Museum." year="1868">Walker (1868)</bibRefCitation>
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first described both
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<taxonomicName id="4235C637D820999C560E237E3907F212" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Epilampra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epilampra opaca" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">Epilampra opaca</taxonomicName>
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Walker, 1868 and
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<taxonomicName id="DB1244C4C76C301D50EC9B6E0284F9D8" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Epilampra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epilampra substrigata" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substrigata">Epilampra substrigata</taxonomicName>
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Walker, 1868.
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<bibRefCitation id="500F3A76A28A2FB6511D90071FE8619A" author="Hebard, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="30" pageNumber="67" pagination="135 - 244" title="The Blattidae of French Guiana." volume="78" year="1926">Hebard (1926)</bibRefCitation>
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noted that
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<taxonomicName id="DF64311214E5F6A4D34E1D53C7D1D87A" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Epilampra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epilampra opaca" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">Epilampra opaca</taxonomicName>
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Walker, 1868 has a highly variable morphology and may be synonymous with a few other
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<taxonomicName id="02F53863D602A877FDD04DB420EF6E18" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Epilampra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epilampra" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epilampra</taxonomicName>
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(e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="FFCD6AD11AAD31B933C06F0FE8B1105C" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Epilampra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epilampra conferta" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conferta">Epilampra conferta</taxonomicName>
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Walker, 1868 syn.
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<taxonomicName id="731072CBAD6EAF754B37C270C413AFAA" class="Insecta" family="Ectobiidae" genus="Calhypnorna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calhypnorna stigmosa" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmosa">stigmosa</taxonomicName>
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Giglio-Tos, 1898,
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<taxonomicName id="20A0DAB1343CA419E6771950863C88E7" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Epilampra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epilampra maculicollis" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculicollis">Epilampra maculicollis</taxonomicName>
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(Serville, 1838)). This variability is evident in the work published by
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<bibRefCitation id="A5C3E99DC3E85E1369A7F772080C0901" author="Roth, LM" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="31" pageNumber="68" pagination="436 - 486" title="The male genitalia of Blattaria. V. Epilampra spp. (Blaberidae: Epilamprinae)." url="10.1155/1970/46805" volume="77" year="1970 b">Roth (1970b)</bibRefCitation>
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, which shows a great deal of variation in the genital morphology, in particular for L2d. Although it is not clear if anyone before
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<bibRefCitation id="8E86945CAD97BF49166BF066813F80A0" author="Roth, LM" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="31" pageNumber="68" pagination="436 - 486" title="The male genitalia of Blattaria. V. Epilampra spp. (Blaberidae: Epilamprinae)." url="10.1155/1970/46805" volume="77" year="1970 b">Roth (1970b)</bibRefCitation>
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examined the genitalia of these two species, both
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<bibRefCitation id="1AEFA120BBC57C217E77ABF4B1643381" author="Shelford, R" journalOrPublisher="Genera insectorum" pageId="31" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 21" title="Orthoptera: Family Blattidae: Subfamily Epilamprinae." volume="101" year="1910">Shelford (1910)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="DC94104E981FFCA607E7D1FB0DE44D9D" author="Princis, K" journalOrPublisher="Junk, ' s-Gravenhage" pageId="31" pageNumber="68" title="Orthopterum Catalogus. W." year="1963">Princis (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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considered them to be synonyms.
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<bibRefCitation id="22EE75617AAD041EC8A3B85A05FB072F" author="Roth, LM" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="31" pageNumber="68" pagination="436 - 486" title="The male genitalia of Blattaria. V. Epilampra spp. (Blaberidae: Epilamprinae)." url="10.1155/1970/46805" volume="77" year="1970 b">
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||
<normalizedToken id="7C7D6D08F9E3F472B0D4417572B7F513" originalValue="Roth’s">Roth's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1970b)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
photos show that, although each species is intraspecifically variable, both are distinct and separable by the shape of L2d and the prepuce. Roth himself acknowledged this and considered the species as being separate. Although we have not examined any
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<taxonomicName id="C8EE13DC9A64367DB4283BB65D1E988F" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Epilampra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epilampra substrigata" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substrigata">Epilampra substrigata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walker, 1868, we agree with
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3B4D3D1C8BA538FB57B28969DAD59537" originalValue="Roth’s">Roth's</normalizedToken>
|
||
interpretation of the morphology and follow from his precedence in considering these separate (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7580299EBA0FD1F65D5DC4571A051E5" author="Roth, LM" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="31" pageNumber="68" pagination="436 - 486" title="The male genitalia of Blattaria. V. Epilampra spp. (Blaberidae: Epilamprinae)." url="10.1155/1970/46805" volume="77" year="1970 b">Roth 1970b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the opinions of Princis and Gurney on the status of these two species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F5A08A4E13DBFEFF69D4319144FE6BA3" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<paragraph id="B8F258E7F128A5AA1F5F3778455EE421" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BA71E8CA2931DD3F6CFD331591233CE" genus="Opaca" lsidName="opaca" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" rank="genus">Epilampra opaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A Early juvenile instar (DEDSM0141) B Late juvenile instar (DECBA1706) C Adult (DECBA1845). Scale bars approximate 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |