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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480" ID-GBIF-Dataset="88566ea4-885c-4e49-b340-6355664230b2" ID-PMC="PMC6992689" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-62-27" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DF1488D4F0CD5DA987B897B3F443C46F" ID-PubMed="32025188" ModsDocID="1314-4049-62-27" checkinTime="1579803371367" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Frisch, Andreas, Moen, Victoria Stornes, Grube, Martin &amp; Bendiksby, Mika" docDate="2020" docId="0B26C80C05ED54D4ABD7EB485B7D6EB9" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 62: 27-51" docOrigin="MycoKeys 62" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480" docTitle="Coniocarpon fallax Grube" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="DF1488D4F0CD5DA987B897B3F443C46F" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="DF1488D4F0CD5DA987B897B3F443C46F" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy confirms three species of Coniocarpon (Arthoniaceae) in Norway" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1668136375374" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Integrative taxonomy confirms three species of Coniocarpon (Arthoniaceae) in Norway</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Frisch, Andreas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moen, Victoria Stornes</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Grube, Martin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bendiksby, Mika</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>62</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>27</mods:start>
<mods:end>51</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-62-27</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">DF1488D4F0CD5DA987B897B3F443C46F</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161838061" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0B26C80C05ED54D4ABD7EB485B7D6EB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B26C80C05ED54D4ABD7EB485B7D6EB9" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName LSID="0B26C80C-05ED-54D4-ABD7-EB485B7D6EB9" authority="(Ach.) Grube" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Coniocarpon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coniocarpon fallax" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="fallax">Coniocarpon fallax (Ach.) Grube</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Ascospore size (length x width) of C. cinnabarinum (n = 132; 20 ascospores from Denmark, 85 ascospores from Norway; 27 ascospores from Sweden), C. cuspidans (n = 100, all ascospores from Norway) and Coniocarpon fallax (n = 191, all ascospores from Norway)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374708" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Ascospore morphology. A Coniocarpon cinnabarinum (TRH-L- 29007) B Coniocarpon fallax (TRH-L- 29008) C Coniocarpon cuspidans (TRH-L- 29036). Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374709" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">, 3B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Morphological diversity of Coniocarpon in Norway. A Coniocarpon cinnabarinum (Frisch TRH-L- 29000) B Coniocarpon cinnabarinum (Frisch TRH-L- 29005) C Coniocarpon cuspidans (TRH-L- 29022) D Coniocarpon cuspidans (TRH-L- 29023) E Coniocarpon fallax (TRH-L- 16793) F Coniocarpon fallax (Frisch TRH-L- 29028). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374710" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">, 4E, F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. HPTLC plate in solvent C of quinoid pigment patterns of C. cinnabarinum (left), C. fallax (middle) and C. cuspidans (right) A before treatment with sulfuric acid and charring, and B under UV 365 light before treatment with sulfuric acid and charring. Note the absence of A 3 in C. cuspidans. The position of atranorin and norstictic acid is indicated. Several additional spots on the HPTLC plates under UV 365 light have not been identified." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374711" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. The distribution of 111 specimens of Coniocarpon in Norway, Sweden and Denmark based on material in BG, C, S, TRH and UPS. A C. cinnabarinum B C. cuspidans C C. fallax. Single dots may represent several collections." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374712" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">, 6C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Coniocarpon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coniocarpon fallax" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="fallax">Coniocarpon fallax</taxonomicName>
(Ach.) Grube: Frisch et al., Taxon 63: 737 (2014).
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Spiloma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Spiloma fallax" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="fallax">Spiloma fallax</taxonomicName>
Ach., Methodus qua omnes dectectos lichenes: 10 (1803) [MB 405518]. Type: Germania (H-Ach. 2 a!, lectotype, selected in Frisch et al., Taxon 63: 737, 2014).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
=
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Spiloma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Spiloma elegans" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="elegans">Spiloma elegans</taxonomicName>
Ach., Lichenographia universalis: 135 (1810) [MB 405516].
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Coniocarpon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coniocarpon elegans" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="elegans">Coniocarpon elegans</taxonomicName>
(Ach.) Duby, Aug. Pyrami de Candolle Botanicon Gallicum: 675 (1830) [MB 383617].
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Lichen" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lichen elegans" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="elegans">Lichen elegans</taxonomicName>
(Ach.) Lam. in Lamarck and Poiret,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Encyclopédie">Encyclopedie</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="méthodique">methodique</normalizedToken>
, botanique, suppl. 3(1): 352 (1813) [MB 122540].
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Arthonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Arthonia elegans" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="elegans">Arthonia elegans</taxonomicName>
(Ach.) Almq., Kongliga Svenska vetenskaps-akademiens handlingar 17(6): 19 (1880) [MB 118959]. Type: Schleicher, Plantae Cryptogamicae Helvetiae exsiccatae, centuria5 no. 54 (S, lectotype, selected in Van den Broeck et al., Plant Ecology and Evolution 151: 346, 2018).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
Thallus pale fawn to gray brown, weakly glossy to matt, smooth, endophloeodal to partly epiphloedal, continuous;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">prothallus line</emphasis>
dark grey to brown, sometimes present when in contact with other lichens;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">photobiont</emphasis>
trentepohlioid, the cells rounded to elliptical, 8-13
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, forming short chains. Ascomata weakly elongate to irregularly lirellate, with steep flanks, emergent from thallus, 0.2-0.4 mm
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.1-0.2 mm, 65-110
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
tall, typically forming loose to dense aggregations of 3-15 ascomata, weakly elongated to irregularly lirellate to stellate, 0.2-1.5(-2.3)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.1-1.8 mm;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">disc</emphasis>
black to dark purple black, flat to weakly convex, weakly glossy to matt, epruinose or with a thin layer of white pruina;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">margins</emphasis>
level with the disc, orange-red pruinose, sometimes with additional patches of white pruina;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">proper exciple</emphasis>
brown, 7-20
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, composed of compressed and vertically oriented paraphysoidal hyphae, the hyphae 1-2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, branched and netted, often forming short hairs up to 17
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long at the outer margin; old bark cells sometimes attached to the exciple;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">epithecium</emphasis>
brown, 10-20
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
tall, conglutinated only in the lower parts, composed of branched tips of the paraphysoidal hyphae extending horizontally above the asci; the tips slightly widened to 3(-4)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, sometimes extending from the epithecium as sparsely branched anticlinal hairs up to 24
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">hymenium</emphasis>
hyaline, strongly conglutinated, 35-70
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
tall, paraphysoids densely branched and netted, 1-2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">hypothecium</emphasis>
hyaline, conglutinated, 15-30
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
tall, formed of irregular prosoplectenchymatic hyphae 1-2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam.;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">crystals</emphasis>
common in epithecium and proper exciple, of two types: hyaline, leafy crystals, 1-5(-7)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, and orange, red or purple granular crystals, 1-2(-4)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; a weak amorphous, red to purple pigmentation present in exciple, epithecium and patchily distributed in the hymenium. ASCI of the
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Arthonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Arthonia" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Arthonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type, long obpyriform to clavate, 50-75
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
20-32
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(n = 33), 8-spored, the ascospores stacked; tholus 5-8
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, lateral ascospore wall 1-2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick. Ascospores hyaline, (1-)3-4(-5) transversely septate, (15-)17-20(-22)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(6-)7-9(-10)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(l: mean = 18.5, STD = 1.9; w: mean = 8.2, STD = 0.9; n = 191), obovate, with enlarged apical cell, getting pale brown with granular ornamentation in the epispore at late maturity; development macrocephalic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="chemistry">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Chemistry.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
Pigments A1, A3 and A4 in variable amounts detected by HPTLC.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Proper exciple</emphasis>
Idil+ blue, I+ dark blue, KI+ dark blue;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">epithecium</emphasis>
Idil+ blue, I+ dark blue, KI+ dark blue;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">hymenium</emphasis>
Idil+ red, I+ red brown, KI+ dark blue;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">hypothecium</emphasis>
Idil+ blue, I+ dark blue, KI+ dark blue. A hemiamyloid ring present in the tholus of the asci. Hyaline, crystals dissolve in K. Orange, red and purple crystals dissolve in K with purplish solution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
Norway -
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Vest-Agder</emphasis>
• Lyngdalsfjord; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 8. Apr. 1905; A. H. Magnusson leg.; S-F-71115 • ibid.; 1925; A. H. Magnusson leg.; S-F-71114 • ibid.; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 25. Jan. 1939; A. H. Magnusson leg.; UPS-L-002899. -
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Rogaland</emphasis>
• Gjesdal, Dirdal NE; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 6. Oct. 1984; S. Hultengren leg.; UPS-L-654296 • ibid.;
<geoCoordinate degrees="58" direction="north" minutes="49.810" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="58.830166">58°49.810'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="east" minutes="11.970" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="6.1995">06°11.970'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 160 m a.s.l.; 12. Jul. 2017; A. Frisch leg.; TRH-L-29036, TRH-L-29027. -
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Hordaland</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Askøy">Askoy</normalizedToken>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 1909; J. J. Havaas leg.; UPS-L-137313 • Fusa, Tveitane; 13 km S of Mundheim;
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.05">60°03'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="5.866667">05°52'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 150 m a.s.l.; 18. Aug. 1995; A. Nordin leg.; UPS-L-61739 • ibid.;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Øvre">Ovre</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hålandsdalen">Halandsdalen</normalizedToken>
, W of Orra;
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="15.5065" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="60.258442">60°15.5065'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="55.137" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.91895">05°55.137'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 120 m a.s.l.; 24. Feb. 2015; S. Vatne leg.; TRH-L-16793. • Kvam, Daleelva N;
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="07.453" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="60.124218">60°07.453'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="52.721" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.878683">05°52.721'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 10. Jun. 2018; G. Gaarder leg.; TRH-L-18605 • ibid.;
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="07.668" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="60.1278">60°07.668'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="52.898" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.8816333">05°52.898'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 13. Jun. 2018; G. Gaarder leg.; TRH-L-18606 • ibid.; Furhovda;
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="09.243" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="60.15405">60°09.243'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="53.910" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.8985">05°53.910'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 5. Jun. 2018; G. Gaarder, M. Lorentzen leg.; TRH-L-18604 • ibid.; Hovden;
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="13.735" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="60.228916">60°13.735'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="59.633" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.993883">05°59.633'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 11. Jun. 2018; G. Gaarder leg.; TRH-L-18607. •
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lindås">Lindas</normalizedToken>
, Helltveit W;
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="37.872" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="60.6312">60°37.872'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="26.080" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.4346666">05°26.080'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 24. Jul. 1980; T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tønsberg">Tonsberg</normalizedToken>
leg.; BG-L-26222 • ibid.;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kvalvika-Røyldalane">Kvalvika-Royldalane</normalizedToken>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="38.245" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="60.637417">60°38.245'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="26.345" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.439083">05°26.345'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 35 m a.s.l.; 14. May 2018; A. Frisch, J. Klepsland leg.; TRH-L-29035. • Os, Li;
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="10.38" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="60.173">60°10.38'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="26.45" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="5.4408336">05°26.45'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 60-120 m a.s.l.; 22. Jul. 1979; T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tønsberg">Tonsberg</normalizedToken>
leg.; BG-L-26221, BG-L-26221. • Stord,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Valavåg">Valavag</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nes-Åsen">Nes-Asen</normalizedToken>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="46.116" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="59.7686">59°46.116'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="24.660" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.411">05°24.660'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 27. Apr. 2018; G. Gaarder, U. Hanssen leg.; TRH-L-18041. • Tysnes, SE slope of Skardnipa near Teigen;
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="58.360" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="59.972668">59°58.360'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="39.008" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.650133">05°39.008'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 23 m a.s.l.; 9. May 2018; A. Frisch, J. Klepsland leg.; TRH-L-29031 • ibid.;
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="58.361" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="59.972683">59°58.361'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="39.023" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.6503835">05°39.023'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 19 m a.s.l.; 9. May 2018; A. Frisch, J. Klepsland leg.; TRH-L-29032, TRH-L-29033 • ibid.;
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="58.350" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="59.9725">59°58.350'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="38.992" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.6498666">05°38.992'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 24 m a.s.l.; 9. May 2018; A. Frisch, J. Klepsland leg.; TRH-L-29034 • ibid.; Sunde, Loksund; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">F. excelsior</taxonomicName>
; 27. Aug. 1910; J. J. Havaas leg.; UPS-L-137512. • Tysnes,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tysnesøy">Tysnesoy</normalizedToken>
, N of Onarheim;
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="58.377" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="59.97295">59°58.377'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="39.047" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="5.6507835">05°39.047'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 30 m a.s.l.; 21. Jul. 2017; A. Frisch leg.; TRH-L-29028, TRH-L-29029. -
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Møre">More</normalizedToken>
og Romsdal
</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fræna">Fraena</normalizedToken>
, S of Hustad, Lunheim;
<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="north" minutes="55.3871" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="62.92312">62°55.3871'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="07" direction="east" minutes="06.892" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="7.1148667">07°06.892'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 60 m a.s.l.; 15. Apr. 2016; H. Holien leg.; TRH-L-17089 • ibid.; Nordmark E;
<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="north" minutes="54.998" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="62.916634">62°54.998'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="07" direction="east" minutes="07.068" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="7.1177998">07°07.068'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 80 m a.s.l.; 26. Apr. 1998; G. Gaarder leg.; BG-L-39619 • ibid.; Tverrfjell;
<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="north" minutes="54.872" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="62.91453">62°54.872'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="07" direction="east" minutes="16.243" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="7.2707167">07°16.243'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 60 m a.s.l.; 5. Jul. 2017; A. Frisch leg.; TRH-L-29037, TRH-L-29030. • Skodje,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Igletjønna">Igletjonna</normalizedToken>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="north" minutes="28.6565" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="62.477608">62°28.6565'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="east" minutes="34.4845" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="6.574742">06°34.4845'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 20. Apr. 2014; G. Gaarder, P. Larsen leg.; TRH-L-16791. • Tingvoll,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kamsvågtrøa">Kamsvagtroa</normalizedToken>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="north" minutes="01.8998" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="63.031662">63°01.8998'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="east" minutes="08.150" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.135834">08°08.150'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 16. Feb. 2014; G. Gaarder leg.; TRH-L-15366 • ibid.; Langvatnet NE;
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="north" minutes="02.9460" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="63.0491">63°02.9460'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="east" minutes="04.3020" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.0717">08°04.3020'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 8. Nov. 2014; G. Gaarder leg.; TRH-L-16792 • ibid.; Skjelberget;
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="north" minutes="03.2040" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="63.0534">63°03.2040'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="east" minutes="03.8640" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.0644">08°03.8640'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 25. Apr. 2014; G. Gaarder leg.; TRH-L-16789 • ibid.;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Årøyvatnet">Aroyvatnet</normalizedToken>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="north" minutes="02.8320" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="63.0472">63°02.8320'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="east" minutes="02.3940" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.0399">08°02.3940'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. avellana" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 8. Nov. 2014; G. Gaarder leg.; TRH-L-16790. SWEDEN -
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Gotland</emphasis>
• Bunge,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hägur">Haegur</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mörku">Moerku</normalizedToken>
, 1 km NE of the church;
<geoCoordinate degrees="57" direction="north" minutes="51.00" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="57.85">57°51.00'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="east" minutes="00.00" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="19.0">19°00.00'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 15 m a.s.l.; 27. Apr. 1996; A. Nordin leg.; UPS-L-74225 • 600 m from Bunge church; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 27. Apr 1996; G. Westling leg.; S L-52399; •
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bäl">Bael</normalizedToken>
, Gute, 1 km E
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bäl">Bael</normalizedToken>
church;
<geoCoordinate degrees="57" direction="north" minutes="39.00" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="57.65">57°39.00'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="40.00" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="18.666666">18°40.00'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 25. Nov. 1996; P. Johanson leg.; UPS-L-98398.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="additional examined specimens">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Additional examined specimens.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
Austria -
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Upper Austria</emphasis>
• Totes Gebirge, Lake Almsee SSE;
<geoCoordinate degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="44.600" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.743332">47°44.600'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="east" minutes="57.400" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="13.956667">13°57.400'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="excelsior">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">F. excelsior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 600 m a.s.l.; 31. May 1998; T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tønsberg">Tonsberg</normalizedToken>
leg.; BG-L-66299. Turkey -
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Trabazon</emphasis>
• Trabazon Vilayet,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uzungöl">Uzungoel</normalizedToken>
c. 14 km SSE of Caykara;
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="36.8700" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.6145">40°36.8700'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="east" minutes="18.8500" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="40.314167">40°18.8500'E</geoCoordinate>
; on
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 24. Jun. 2001; C. Printzen, B. Kanz leg.; BG-L-77481.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="27" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Coniocarpon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coniocarpon fallax" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Coniocarpon fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cinnabarinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="cinnabarinum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. cinnabarinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by ascomata that are covered in an orange-red and white pruina. However, the white pruina is less pronounced in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fallax" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and may be absent. The ascomata of
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fallax" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further are elongate to clearly lirellate and the ascospores are distinctly smaller with less septa: (15-)17-20(-22)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(6-)7-9(-10)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, (1-)3-4(-5) transversely septate vs (19-)23-28(-30)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(8-)10-11(-12)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, (3-)4-5(-8) transversely septate in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cinnabarinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="cinnabarinum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. cinnabarinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Mature, apparently well-developed elliptical ascospores with only a single septum were found in one specimen (TRH-L-17089) of
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fallax" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">C. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moen, Frisch &amp; Grube" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Moen, Frisch &amp; Grube" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Coniocarpon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coniocarpon cuspidans" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cuspidans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="27">Coniocarpon cuspidans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has ascospores of similar size which, however, are predominantly 3-septate. The elongate to lirellate ascomata of that species lack an orange-red pruina, and proper exciple and epithecium react Idil/I+ red in iodine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>